Scribd
Upload
86 views

Types of Relays: Protection-Relays-Or-Protective-Relays

A relay works by using an electromagnet and contacts to control the flow of electric current through a circuit. When current flows through the relay's control coil, it magnetizes and attracts the contact arm to close the contacts and allow power to flow to a load. When the control current stops, a spring returns the contact arm to its initial open position to disconnect the load. Relays come in different types for low and high voltage applications and are classified based on their characteristics, logic, actuating parameters, and operation mechanisms.

Uploaded by

poonam yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
86 views

Types of Relays: Protection-Relays-Or-Protective-Relays

A relay works by using an electromagnet and contacts to control the flow of electric current through a circuit. When current flows through the relay's control coil, it magnetizes and attracts the contact arm to close the contacts and allow power to flow to a load. When the control current stops, a spring returns the contact arm to its initial open position to disconnect the load. Relays come in different types for low and high voltage applications and are classified based on their characteristics, logic, actuating parameters, and operation mechanisms.

Uploaded by

poonam yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

How relay works?

The relay function can be better understood by explaining the following diagram given below.

The diagram shows an inner section diagram of a relay. An iron core is surrounded by a control coil.
As shown, the power source is given to the electromagnet through a control switch and through
contacts to the load. When current starts flowing through the control coil, the electromagnet starts
energizing and thus intensifies the magnetic field. Thus the upper contact arm starts to be attracted
to the lower fixed arm and thus closes the contacts causing a short circuit for the power to the load.
On the other hand, if the relay was already de-energized when the contacts were closed, then the
contact move oppositely and make an open circuit.

As soon as the coil current is off, the movable armature will be returned by a force back to its initial
position. This force will be almost equal to half the strength of the magnetic force. This force is
mainly provided by two factors. They are the spring and also gravity.

Relays are mainly made for two basic operations. One is low voltage application and the other is high
voltage. For low voltage applications, more preference will be given to reduce the noise of the whole
circuit. For high voltage applications, they are mainly designed to reduce a phenomenon called
arcing.

Types of Relays
https://www.electrical4u.com/types-of-electrical-
protection-relays-or-protective-relays/
CLASSIFICATION OF RELAYS

Types of protection relays are mainly based on their characteristic, logic, on actuating parameter and
operation mechanism.
Based on operation mechanism protection relay can be categorized as
1. Electromagnetic relay,
2. Static relay and
3. Mmechanical relay.
Actually, a relay is nothing but a combination of one or more open or closed contacts. These all or
some specific contacts the relay change their state when actuating parameters are applied to the relay.
That means open contacts become closed and closed contacts become open. In an electromagnetic
relay, these closing and opening of relay contacts are done by the electromagnetic action of a
solenoid.
In the mechanical relay, these closing and opening of relay contacts are done by mechanical
displacement of different gear level system.
In static relay it is mainly done by semiconductor switches like thyristor. In digital relay on and off
state can be referred as 1 and 0 state.

Based on Characteristic the protection relay can be categorized as:


1. Definite time relays
2. Inverse time relays with definite minimum time(IDMT)
3. Instantaneous relays.
4. IDMT with inst.
5. Stepped characteristic.
6. Programmed switches.
7. Voltage restraint over current relay.

Based on of logic the protection relay can be categorized as-


1. Differential.
2. Unbalance.
3. Neutral displacement.
4. Directional.
5. Restricted earth fault.
6. Over fluxing.
7. Distance schemes.
8. Bus bar protection.
9. Reverse power relays.
10. Loss of excitation.
11. Negative phase sequence relays etc.

Based on actuating parameter the protection relay can be categorized as-


1. Current relays.
2. Voltage relays.
3. Frequency relays.
4. Power relays etc.

Based on application the protection relay can be categorized as-


1. Primary relay.
2. Backup relay.

Primary relay or primary protection relay is the first line of power system protection whereas backup
relay is operated only when primary relay fails to be operated during a fault. Hence backup relay is
slower in action than primary relay. .

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy