-

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TEMPERATURE CERTIFICATION
FOR INTERNATIO NAL
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I
International High Accuracy Crystals (HA-l mance at tested temperatures. We
type) receive a five-point temperature check will furnish additional tempera-
at 60 "'C, 2S oC, COC, - 10 "' C and -30 "'C. The tu re readings (on request) for a
temperature vs frequency test, recorded nominal charge . Note: OUf cali-
automatically from an electronic readout bration service is available to
printer, is supplied with each individual customers desiring temperature
crystal. This special service (at no extra run on other crystal types and
cost) is your assurance of crystal perter- osciJIators.

INTERNATIONAL

CRVSTAL MFG. CO.. INC.

10 N O lU • O l<; l A. C IT V OKLA 73102
 •

MAGAZJ:NE
May 1968
Vol. XLVII No. 5
The UFO Nelwo,k .......................................•........................w2N5D/ 1
Settin g up to t rack th e wheteve rt heve res
Practic al Miniature Antennas for 80· 10 Meters ...........•....••..W8VVT
O nly 80 inches for 80 Mete rsl
10 The Diamo nd Array W6LLN
O ne eleme nt 40M quo d whic h also works on 20 end 10
II W hy Not ? W 6HGX
W hy not put a VH F yo gi be a m on your low ba nd
boom boom?
14 Do It With Wi re _ K3QKO
A wire enten ne fed with twi nle ed t het wo rks 011 b en ds
16 Du rabl e Ga mma Match K41IF
C leve r idea by one of our DX newcomers
I8 How To Hang a Dipo le W2DXH
Includ inq 1!1 hayw ire bridge to get it riqht
24 M ete hing Stu bs W A5ST M
SW R depe nds on metchl nq the entenn e to the feed li ne
30 Ten Met er Dipole W 6BLZ
Simp le, effect ive, wide ba nd vertical dipole
32 Duo Ve e Bea m __ KIUFQ
10 and 15 M beam on one boom with no inte raction
34 Comput e r Design of Beam Anten nas W A4WWM
Gre",t for those of you with a nice com puter hend v
40 A Prime r of Basic Anten na Th eory ............•..........•..••............W 6ZG O
This should co unt tcwe rd s t he Adva nced Study Course
49 73 Ha mfest for Ju ly bth _................•..W 2NSD/ I
Come on up to New Ha mpshire e nd have some fun with us
50 Triangu lar Loop Beams W6DL
40 t hrough 10 meters. These may become very popular
58 The Selce ! _ _.._ KSERV
An RTTY stunt box usinq IC's.
71 Hard ware Store Grcund plene WA4UZM
Fla nges, nylon pipe , alumi nu m t ubing, it is all t he re
72 Are Phone Patches Leg al? K6MVH
If we tell you he re you won't read t he ar tic le
74 Amate ur Radi o a nd Pu blic Servic e W2C FP
G e ttinq set up on 72 55 fo r emerge ncy traffic
76 Microfilm You r Mag azin es W A4H RX
How to do it
p~ 82 Adva nced C lass Stu dy Course Pa rt II
Simple way t o KNOW your theo ry inst ea d of
_ Staff

me monnnq a nswers
92 Tec hnlca I Aid G ro up __ Sta ff
These fel lows will e nswer your tech nica l q uestions
98 A New Qua d W A IBU N
The Reqin ei r 32 J qu ad

Departme nts Sixer fre quency spotting 96

Letters to ed itor 104
Cover by Roy Sax WA2T KY.... 0
Ca veat Em ptor _..•. ...106
De W 2N5D/ 1 2 Advertising Index 112
Editorial Ub erties 4
OX Handbook 26 W ayne Green W2 NSD/ I
Breaking the 100,000 MHz Publish er
barrier 78
The beam null is important t oo 79 Kavle Bloom W IEMV
Ed itor
Galax y full bree k-in 80
73 MaR"u ine is published monthly b y 73. Inc., P e t e r bc r o ue h , N .H . 034 58. The p ho ne is 603· 924-3873. Subser-i pt fo n
ra te: $5.00 per vea r , $9.00 (o r two xee r a , $12.00 (o r three yea r a, Second class pO>ltaR"e is paid a t P ete r bor ou Jrh,
N ew H a m pshi re, a nd at a dditiona l m ai ling offices. P ri n t e d i n P ontiac, Ill inois , U .S . A. Entire contents copyriR"ht
1968 b y 73. I n c. P ost ma st e rs. p lea se se nd fo t-m 35 79 t o 73 Magazi ne, Peterbo ro ug h, N ew H a m psh i re 03458 .
Say, don't r-ead a ll this fine print. Get o n to t he articles, o r better ye t , se n d (o r ou r new DX Ha ndbook .

MAY 1968 I
 THE
UFO
NET
This is one of three photos ta ken by Rex Heflin, a n Orange C ounty
hig hway inspector, in A ug ust 1965. The UFO a p p roa ched from th e left ,
hovered over t he roa d , move d rig ht . ho vered over th e fi eld , moved off a nd
accelerated out of sight. The sigh tin g la sted a p p roxi mately 20 se conds.
Helfln took t his p hoto through the front windsh ield of his truck. Th is ph oto-
groph is by courtesy of t he Natio nal Investig ations C ommitte e o n Aeri al
Phenome na, 1536 Connectic ut Avenue. N.W., Washington. D.C. 20036. Wayne G re en W2NSD/1

Last month, in m y editorial, I suggested give them your phone number so they can
th e organization of an amateur radio net- notify you in case of a sighting. This can
work for reporting UF O contacts. This idea cover your local eB group, any am ateur
has met with widespread enthusiasm, I am radio mobiles, taxi s, doctors, vets, sheriff's
happy to report. departments, road crews, trucks, p ublic
There has to b e a good reason for a net- service, forestry, etc. Give your card to the
work to exist if it is going to b e successful. local newsp ap ers and ra dio stations. They
In this case amateur radio is prob ab ly the frequently are informed of UFO contacts
only medium that can help speed the solution first.
of the UFO mystery. The basic problem is O nce you have your comm unity as in-
simp le : Though there have been hund reds formed as possible about calling you in case
of thousands of sightings of UFO's, these of a UFO report it is tim e to write a release
contacts are usually of such a short d ura tion to the p aper and radio station t elling them
that it is difficult or impossible to take all about it so they can give you further
adeq uate pictures or make any scientific publicity. This will be helpful to am ateur
investi gations of the phenomena. radio too. W e need all of the publicity we
Amateur radio, by virtue of its ubiquity, can get, as you know.
can make it p ossible for advanced warnin g The UFO network will be rather informal
to be forwarded of approaching UFO·s. This at first. There are at present no fixed net
in turn can make it possible for pictures control stations. \ Ve are interested in hear-
and scientific tests to be prepared, once the ing from operators situated around the
probable path of the UFO has b een deter- middle of the country who h ave very good
min ed. signals and who have the interest and t ime
Amateurs who are interested in participat- available to help establish nets on the three
ing in this net should have an effective sta- major bands. In time I b elieve we will h ave
tion set up on 80, 40 or 20 m eters. I suggest a net that can b e alerted anytime of the
the freq uencies of 3900, 7250 an d 14,250 day or night, possibly with an alerting tone
kH z. The n ext step is to alert the local system. D uring the early phase of the net
police that you are p articipating in the UFO I suggest that we get together at 0000 GMT
net work so that they wiII know to call you an d d iscuss organization an d plans.
if anything is reported to their dep artment. The p lans for the net h ave been discussed
Then you should get in touch with every with the University of Colorado UFO inves-
user of m obile radio in your vicinity and ( Co n t in u~d on pag~ 28)

2 73 MAGAZINE
 A NEW CONCEPT IN ITS EXCITING
BEAM ANTENNA PROGRAM
Any knowledgeable DX'er will tell
you the secret is in the antenna. For Basic pa ckage No. HR-1
over a year He nry Radio has provid- *Tristao CZ·337 New concept 40 ft.
ed an exciting beam antenna pack- crank-up tower w!mast
age program allowing the average CDR TR-44 rotator
amateur to own an efficient, and 100 ft. RG·58 AI U Coax
unbelievably economical antenna 100 ft. Control cable
package . . . pre-engineered, pre- Complete with one of the following:
matched and pre-packaged to suit Hy-Gain TH-3 Jr. antenna $325.00
his pocketbook and req uirem e nts. Hy-Gain TH·2 Mk 3 antenna $325.00
NOW! Th is worl d fa mous an te nna Hy·Gain DB 10·15A antenna $325.00
p rogram moves fo rwa rd. NOW! Hy-Gain 203BA antenna $330.00
You can have th e antenna o f yo ur Hy·Gain TH·3 Mk 3 antenna $375.00
choice at the same incred ible saving. A savings of approximately $70.00

Basic package No . HR-2 Basic package No . HR-3

*Tristao CZ-454 New Concept 60 ft. *Tristao CZ-454 New Concept 60 ft.
crank-up tower w/mast crank-up tower wi mast
CDR TR-44 rotator CDR Ham- M rotator
100 ft. RG·5B A/U Coax 100 ft. RG·B/U Coax
100 ft. Control cable 100 ft. Control cable
Compl et e with one of the following: Complete with one of the following :
Hy·Gain TH·3 Jr. antenna $480.00 Hy·Gain TH·3 Mk 3 antenna $560.00
Hy·Gain TH-2 Mk 3 antenna $480.00 Hy·Gain 204 BA antenna $565.00
Hy·Gain DB 10-ISA antenna $480.00 Hy-Gain 402 BA antenna $575.00
Hy-Gain 203BA antenna $485.00 Hy·Gain TH·6 OXX antenna $590.00
Hy-Gain TH·3 Mk 3 antenna $520.00 Hy-Gain OB·24B antenna $620.00
A savings of approximately $90.00 A savings of approximately $120.00
-Free standing tower $10.00 extra
All complete packages are priced freight prepaid to your door in the continental
\
U.s.A. Substitutions may be made . . . write for prices. And remember, you can
buy on time. You can trade your used transmitter or receiver. You can rely on
Henry Radio to supply the finest equipment and the best value.

CA ll DIRECT •• • USE AREA CODE

Butler , Missouri, 64730 816 679·312 7

11 240 W. Olympic. Los An geles, Calif.• 90064 213 477·6701
93 1 N. Euclid. Anaheim. Ca lif., 92801 714 772-9200
"World's Largest Distributor of Amateur Radio Equipm ent"
 itoria l erlles
In 1939, the first fo reign broadcast in- eign broadcast stations a wide b erth on all
truders invad ed our 40 meter b and . At that b ands where they appear. W e h ave, so far,
time ARRL assured us th at their influence made no effo rt to fight. W e are much too will-
with the State D epartment would soon h ave in g to move to avoid the QRM, leaving the
our band clear again. The League gave it a spectrum open to the invaders to use at will.
good try > hut unfortunately amate ur radio Official protests obviously do no good, so
was not strong enou gh to buck the invaders we become resigned to our fate and allow th e
and today we have a mul titude of foreign intruders to t ake over our b ands. W e give
b roadcast stations, not only on the 7 MHz them an open invitation to t ake over more
hand, hut on other h ands as well. sp ace by yielding ou r rights.
The international agreement on sharing At some point or other th ere will b e an-
the bands w ith broadcast stations is that other fr equency allocations conference and
they are welcome to use the amateur bands we will face the loss of frequencies. If we
provided they do not cause undue interfer- choose to ign ore the foreign broadcast in-
ence. They do cause undue interference and truders, we could lose 40 meters. Once they
still nothing can he done about it from the can show that we are not using our allocated
standpoint of lTU. frequencies on that b and, they will have a
W e ask how they can get away wi th this good case to take over from us. If you are
ou trage. It is easy. Every time the ques- willing to h ave them do that, fine, hut don't
tion comes up as t o their interference, they scream when it happens. The time to b egin
protest that they are nat beamin g th eir sig- figh ting h as lon g since passed , but perhaps
nals to the U .S. If you look at a schedule we can put up a b attle even now.
of Radio Moscow's broadcasts , th ey all say These broadcasts are all on AM . Ask any
they are beaming toward the Scandinavian A:L\tl station what happens when a solid SSB
countries, or to Asia, or Africa. Never t o signal comes close to the frequency. Copy is
the U.S. If th is is true, why, pray tell me, diffi cult at best. This works both ways, I
are the broadcasts in English? And , why are grant you , but AM suffers more from SSB in-
they broadcast at the optimum hours for re- terference than SSB does from AM inter-
ce ption in th e U. S.? ference. A few strong SSB signals using a
Their broadcasts scheduled for the Scan- frequency which is just off zero b eat from th e
dinavian countries are not only delivered in foreign b roadcast station's signa l could create
the English lan guage, hut, in most cases, at suffi cient Q RM that the listeners, with rath er
hours when they would b e least likely to unsophistocated receivers, would cease their
have a Scandinavian audience . . . like 0300 listen ing and thereby defeat the purpose of
in Sweden . When it is 3 AM in Sweden, it is the broad casts.
evening here in our hemisphere an d the op- Don't think for one moment that this would
timum hour for reception in th e U.S. It b e- be illegal. They, not we, are the intruders.
comes obvious to all but the lTU th at they By international agreement, we have the right
are covering their tracks by rather weak lies. to use 40 meters exclusively for amateur ra-
Our allies, the British, are little better, dio.
I'm sorry to say. Looking at their schedule If some night you found yourself awakened
one finds that the BBC broadcasts we hear in by the sound of someone invad ing your prop-
the evening hours here are intended for Aus- erty, would you wait until he had gained en-
tralia. On for ty Meters? C'mon , whom are trance to the house? Or, would you meet him
they tryin g to kid ? It's mid-d ay in Aus- at the gate and try to prevent him from in-
tral ia. vading the house where you keep your valu-
In case you haven't received the p oint so able p ossessions? Let's meet them at the gate
far, this editor is b ecomi ng annoyed by all and stop them b efore they gain entrance to
this. Nearly thirty ye ars of p rotesting h as our valuable frequencies. Fight the QRM
gai ned us nothing excep t more and more in- with the knowledge that you are giving them
terfere nce. And, in a way, we are to blame. just as much trouble as they are giving you .
The amateurs of this country give the for- ... WI EMV

4 73 MAGAZINE
MAY 1968 5

•
 Practical Miniature Antennas
For 80 Through 10 Meters
Robert l. G ilmer W8VVT
2743 Bl ue Rock Drive
Portsmouth, Ohi o

Theory
The theory involved is quite simple : The
ind!lcti ce reactance of a short copper ele-
ment and the capacitive reactance of a
1/4 A section of open wire line are com-
bined to form a resonant antenna syste m.
See Fig. l.
Since the open-wire line carries currents
0
180 out of phase and the wires are sep-
ara ted by only .024', there is very lit tle
radiation from thi s section . All radiation,
therefore, takes place from the short cop-
per element.
Equipment miniaturi zation has becom e
common-p lace in Amateur Radio with the ad-
vent of modern transceivers and kilowatt lin- Losse s
ears that can fit in a shoe box. This article
Reducing the size of an element lowers the
carries the miniaturi zation idea one step
radiation resistance considerably. An ele-
further. however, and describes antennas
ment only .024' long, the length used
that are only 1I 20th conventional size and ,
here, shows a radiation resistance of only
amazingl y enough, have almost impercept-
0.5 a , H owever, the efficiency of the ra-
able losses, - 1 1/2 dB , compared with full
dia tor remains better than 98% since the
size half waves.
ohmic resistance of the sho rt 3 /4 inch cop-
per elements average less than 0 .008 n,
x, 12R losses in the open-wire line section
are shown graphically in F ig. 2. If the line
is made of at least #16 wire, the losses
are small avera ging slightly over -1 db.

1-< 114 i\. , , ,

zc
Fi g. I. The inductive reactance of a short copper
1$ 16
WIR£ SI ZE:
, ...
"
element and t he cepecltlve reactance of a V-4 X sec-
tion of open-wire line ore combined t o form 4 re- Fig. 2. Short antenna a v era ge I' R losses vs. line
sonant a ntenna system . wire size.

73 MAGAZIN E
 TV ANTENNA
MAST CLAMP

~~/"''' .
1'6"

314" COPPER WAT ER PIPE

(TYPICAL RAOIATORI

8OO M-S'O" LTH OF""-----

TV MAST MATERIAL

OIlILL HOLE THRU COPPER PIPE,

PASS WIRE THRU .. SOLDER
BOTH SlOES

2:" PIGTAI L ·TRIM FOR" "

MINIMUM SWR \

LINE LTIt
SEE TABL E I STRAIN INSULATORS__~'t
(S EE TEXT) v ''·"""CT'
~ 1/4 '( TYPICALJ

:;;:
I" .," ALUMINUM ANGLE

NO. 16 FLE X
ANT WIFlE

" "TV ANTEtfiA

MAST CLAMP

Fig . 4. Construction Details

MAY [968 7

, ;
 ~- ,
t
L o.,. dB T.bl. 1
\
I \ Length
I \ Radiator Line(l) Tap (2) B.W.IS) Loss (4)
I Band
I
I I SHORT
\ I
10M 10" B'W,' 3" 245 Kc. -1.3 db
\ J 15M 15" 11' 1\1,' 4" 215Kc. -1.4 db
\ I 20M 20" 16'8V,' 4 ;'" 140 Ke. -1.5 db
\ I
--- - I \
---- 40M
80M
40"
80"
33 '1 "
62'10"
7"'
12"
80 Kc.
50 Kc.
-1.7 db
-2.0 db
I \
I \
I \ Notes: ( I) Adjust line length for SWR 1:1 (see ted)
I I (2) 52 II t.p
I I (3) B.,dwidth .t SWR 2: 1
I
\ I (4) Includes line I'R losses and 0.39 db
\ I directivity loss. # 16 line wire size as-
, - '• -FUlL SIZE sum ed .

Fig. 3. Field pattern compari•son short vs. full •

nZB used by merely tapping down on the line.
element. Series capacitors are not required since the
system is resonant and a purely resistive
In addition to the I' R (heat) losses in load is offered to the feed line.
the element and line outlined above, there Good quality m oisture resistant end in-
is an additional loss, termed the directivity sulators should b e used since extremely high
loss, that results fro m shortening the ra- r.f. voltages appear at this point. High im-
diator. T his is illustrat ed in Fig. 3. The pedances and higher voltages are the effects
radiation from a f ull size half-wave elemen t of standing waves on the open-wire line.
Forms the classic figure eight pattern. How- Because the capacitive reactance (of the
ever. as the length of the element is made 1/4 x line section) changes rapidly with
smaller and smaller the ovals of the eight frequency, the tuning of the line is quite
become more nearly circular although the sharp. The dimensions given in the table,
general radiation pattern remains the same. if followed closely, will place the resonant
T he result is a loss in the immediate for- point of the antenna at the lower end of
ward direction of -0.39 d B, and some "fill- th e respective band. The construction de-
ing out" along th e sides. ta ils show short pig-tails on each side of
Sum ma rizing: The d irec tivity plus J2R the line. T hese should be trimm ed one-quar-
losses in these short element antennas aver- ter inch at a time until the S\VR is 1: 1
age -1 1/2 db when compared with full at the operating frequency.
size elements, a loss that could hardly be
detected in the received signal! x
,
-•
~ 2
Construction ~

Tab le 1 incl udes all the info rmation re- ~

a
quired to size antennas for 10 through 80 •
meters. F ig. 4 shows suggested construction
details.
i•
10 ec 30 40 ec 60 10 l!IO 90 100
RADIAlt)R LTH ( IHCHES )
Additional Construction Notes
Fig. 5. Radiator le ng t h vs, inductance.
Horizontal arrangements are shown, al-
though, vertical polari zation could b e used
just as well. Design Details
I ndividual coaxial feeds a rc used on each The ind uctunce, L n , of short lengths of
b and ; however, one could design a parallel 3 /4 inch copper pipe is shown graphically
single feed that would functi on with very in Fig. 5. The inductive reactance, Xn , m ay
little add itiona l loss. then be calculated from:
Tap distances for use with 52 n coax XR = 21f-{m., L R
are shown; however, feed lines of any im- The length of open-wire line, I ' (de-
pedance, balanced or unbalanced, can be grees), required to furn ish the necessary

8 73 MAGAZINE
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•• , ••
•• • •
• S.W.R. BRIDGE ••
• • MOD EL SWB·2 •
• READS F OR W A R D AND •
• REFLECTED POW ER 't:} "Q.
S IMULTANEOUSLY ., ~ 20 4(1 60 ~. .. 2 J •
• • "EASY REAO " METERS ~ 2O~~ I
K) ... ~~
• U SE F OR REFERENC E POWER ~ S . w. R . •
• P OWER METER ...
• • DUAL lOO- M IC RO A M ? • • ;. ~ ........ •
METER M O VEMENTS
• LOW IN SERTION L OSS •
•
• ' SIZ E· S ' XZ" X, '
'<. •

•
• UIW"."
t1'''l_
THE BEST
V A LUE W E
HAVE
MAY BE LEFT
I N LINE, UP GOO D THROUGH
•
•
•
• ~-SllfJ~ EVER TO 2000 WATTS . 2 MET ER S
•
OFFER ED l
: SiN'cE'1933- - - - :-- FASTsERVi'CE"- - - :-- - - -ph.;;;;'C Y 4.04 64 :

: QUEMENT ELECTRONICS :
• 1000 SOUTH BASCOM AVENUE SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA •
" No rthe rn C,alifo rni,,'s Most Complete Hiim Stor. " 9 512 8
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
resonant capacitive reactance can be deter- here at various times. Comparisons were
mined from : run against a long wire (275 feet) antenna
by switching between the two . In the di-
COT1° = XR
Zo rection of the maximum lobe of the long
The line impedan ce, Zo, for various spac- wire, the long wire outperformed the min-
in gs is sho wn in Fig. 6. iatures b y 1/2 to 2 S units. In all other
d irections the miniatures were equal to or
better than the longer wire. Both coasts
are worked regularly on 40, 20 and 15 with
reports ranging from S5 to S9.
Conclusions
20 30
,
40
.
150
,
60
.
70
,
80
,
90
.
00
Where space is ava ilable to mount them ,
full half waves have the edge, but if not,
L.INE SF\lCING (lNCHESl subs titu tion of the minatures p robably wiII
Fi g . 6. Line spaC ing vs , im p e d a nce, Zo. •
wire Size not affect the results one way or the other,
# 16. and then, you just might be able to raise
the minature higher and that's a lot more
Results effective th an increasing it's length.
Tap distances, antenna "Q", and band-
wid ths were first calculated and then sub- References
stantiated by testing. Unfortu nately effi- Radio Engineering Handbook-T erm an,
ciencies were calculated but, lacking fa- ~ l cGraw-HilI Publisher.
cilities to do so, were not checked under E lectromagnetic \Vaves and Radiating
opera ting conditions. Systems-E. C. Jordan, Prentice-Hall
Antennas for each of the bands have Publisher.
been constructed and used with results com- "Miniaturized Antennas" - J. J. Schultz,
parable to any of the full half waves used W2EEY / I , CQ November 1967.

MAY 1968 9
,
=

lre F. Ga rdner, W6lN N

The Diamond Array 261 3 Crosby Way
Sacramento, Calif. 95815

t The two low opposite angles are pulled

: - - PLASTIC ROP£
, (OPPOSITE END SU,IIt1..AA· down and out to supports at each side of
SEE TtXTI
the lot, resulting in approximately 20 feet
above ground for these angles . The opposite
high angles of the diamond are around 45
to 50 feet high.
The far end of each half of the dipole
co-ax section is shorted, with the single
wire extending around the diamond from
TOP VIEW
these points. The 50 ohm co-ax shielding
_ _ _ !H:lftTEO only is opened up for 2 to 3 inches and
the feedline connected at each section of
.,o~ " SOA '
' , C04X , ;' shielding. This folded dipole effec t gives the
, '
design a good Hat SWR throughout the band.
To reduce the strain at the feedpoint, a
short bridle or yoke of plastic or glass line
is wrapped around each side of the co-ax
---so ~~· LG, ..
COAX
1lLl..T1PL 5
and tightly taped with the tie-line brought
out from this spot.
This efficient little antenna features sev- In tuning for the best SWR or for the
eral popular designs all in one. It is one best center frequency, always use an S\ VR
e lement of a 40 meter quad-one full wave meter with an exciter for low power-IOO
length in a diamond or square, two upright watts is ample.
Vee antennas fed in phase, an upright Vee If the low frequency end of the band
derived from the design of the familiar co- shows the best S\VR, or it results in an
ax dipole, and it has a gain of 3~ or 4 dB increasingly better rea ding although still far
over a standard dipole. It is rather broad from 2 to 1 or better, the single wire
in frequency response, and non-directional. section is too long, and a foot should be
The antenna can be oriented 90 degrees, cut off from each end of the 10 ft. exten-
that is, fed from one of the high angles, sions. The SWR readin g then should be
with no noticeable change in performance . checked and if improvement is noted- con-
However, by using one of the low angles tinue cutting and testing until satisfaction
for the feed-point, it may be possible to is reached or the tuning is correct.
keep the feed line away from the field of Now, should the S\VR show improvement
the antenna, and also even use a more direct by tuning towards the high end of the Fre-
feed to the rig. q uency of the 40 meter band, and still in
Plastic or glass lines are used for support excess of what it should be, the antenna
and are run thru pulleys for ease of erec- is too short. At least a foot or more should
tion and tuning. The lengths of the single be added to each single wire end for the
wire on the opposite Vee from the co-ax next check point on the SWR.
fed half of the array is not critical, but No balun is necessary, just keep your
the actual tuning for best SWR and fre- co-ax feed in the clear and away from
quency of the antenna is done with the 10 grounds.
foo t ends of this first co-ax half. The writer's S\VR figures were as follows:
7.3 mc-2 to 1
7.2 mc-l.25 to 1
7.1 mc- l.05 to 1
7. mc-l.22 to 1
In closing, much to the amazement of
this amateur, very good S\VR is obtained
both on 20 and 10 meters. So, if you like
tKlTE - COAX
OMIT TEO FOR
to tryout antennas, here is one that may
CLARITY
surpnse you .
. .. W 6LNN

10 73 MAGAZINE
 Why Not?
W. R. Linqenbrink W6HGX
1809 Hill Ave.
Hayward , C alifornia 945-41

A supp ly of clamps, slightly smaller than

the diameter of the boom ar e produced
or fashioned. The elements are then cut
In the course of human events, one to half their length (this being determined
sometimes finds necessity the mother of in- by any good antenna h andbook) minus the
vention. Since my low frequency beam h ad diameter of the b oom clamp. The elemen ts
to come d own for some adjus tments, I be- are then drilled to take the clamp screw
gun wondering why one piece of equip- or bent to take the clamp screw if alu-
ment couldn't serve two fun ctions. Since the minum wire is used.
beam usualIy occupies the talIest tower and A top and bottom element are then fas-
located in the most favorable position, why tened together, using two boom clamps for
not use it for a VH F platform, so to speak. clamping the element to the boom. This
The idea is simp le. have the boom for the leaves half the element above, and h alf the
H F beam also serve as the boom for a VHF element below th e boom.
antenna. This works out well. especially T he d riven element is fastened much the
where VHF is vertically polarized as it is same way, but at this location a folded dipole
here in Ca lifornia. There is virtually no element is used. The feed point being
interaction between the two beams. brought to stand-off insulators on the
To avoid drilling the boom, and th us boom and fed at this p oint either through
weaken ing it, I used clamps to mount the a balun or using twin lead.
VHF elements. The most convenient and After proper spacing of the elements for
readily ava ilab le clamps are the strap type best fro nt-to-hack, or forwa rd gain, it was
wh ich are used to hold electrical conduit found that there is very little interaction
in p lace. However, yo u could use any sim- between the two beam s. There was less than
ilar arrangement: i.e. plumbers tape, U ~ volt measured across the VHF lead when
b olts, etc. tra nsmitting on the HF beam. Th is can be
Construction is simple . T he elements can b led off with the use of a grounding switch
be ligh tweight aluminum tubing with the or a simple d iode placed across the feed
ends flattened. or aluminum clothesline line.
bent to fit the clamp on one end. . .. W6HGX

MAY 1968 IJ

4
 SWAN SOOC
SSB·AM·CW
TRANSCEIVER
Five band, 520 watts for home
station, mobile and portable
operation.
The new model 500C is the latest
evolutionary development of a basic
well proven design philosophy. It
offers greater power and additional
features for even more operator en-
joyment. Using a pair of the new
heavy duty RCA 6106 tetrodes, the
final amplifier operates with in-
creased efficiency and power output
on all bands. PEP input rating 01 the
500C is conservatively 520 walts.
Actually an average pair 01 6l06's
reach a peak input of over 570 watts
belore Iialtopping!
The 500e retains the same superior
selectivity for which Swan trans-
ceivers are noted. The filter is made
especially for us by C·F Networks,
and with a shape factor of 1.7 and
ultimate rejection of more than 100
db, it is the finest filter being of-
fered in any transceiver today.
For the CW operator the 500C in-
cludes a built-in sidetone monitor,
and by installing the Swan VOX Ac-
cessory (VX-2) you will have break in
CW operation.
Voice quality, performance and re-
liability are in the Swan tradition of
being second to none.
$520

YOUR LANGUAGE . . . ASK THE

 t----- "'·" - - - -- -"I·· -- - - - - "" .· - - - - - + 1
0--- - • • - - --1

,.
NO. IS TO 24
COPPER WIRE

SOLDER LUG
NEARSIDE
----1;::~~_l
3/15" F,U,.EI'l 11
131 PCS TOTAL------

NOTES
SOLD ER LUG
FARSlDE INSULATOR IIlATE RIAL
IS FIBERGLASS
a.OSE ALL secee
WlT1i [ POKY

Fig. I. A ntenna d imensions

a nd const ructio n details.
' -_ _~
ANTE"''''A
COuPLER
COAX

,
..
STANDING
"'-
INDICATOR
cooc
,
XMTR

So, let us get sta r te d stringing one up

w hich is a little different. and a bit better,

Do It With a Wire than one you can buy. I have found that
two very important things about antennas
must be kept in mind if you want to have
a pleasant experience when experimenting
w ith them . First, contrary to popular opin-
ion , they work accord ing to the book. Sec-
Warner Stortz K3QKO
5 122 Albe rta
ond, any len gth of wire th at is no shorter
Balt imore, Ma ryla nd 21 236 than a quarter wave length. can b e cen te r
fed w ith 300 ohm TV twin lead, and be
matched to a coaxia l cab le with a n ord inary
" antenna coupler. Not only \ViII it load , bu t
It seems to be the p roper thin g these it will operate with good efficiency and
days for every ham to get wi th it a nd can han dle powers up to 600 watts. The
build something. Few people get any pleas- antenna I am about to describe. makes use
ure out of spending long, lonesome hours of these impor tant facts.
in the basement following someone's dull T he radiation pattern of a simple single
instructions on how to assemble a piece of wire an tenna will generally be as described
eq uipment which could be bought outright in a ll antenna b ooks. So, if it is a half
for the same price. Then too, lots of people wave lon g the maximum ra diation wiII be at
do not have the tools or test eq uip ment to right angles to the wi re. ]f it is a full wave
pull the job off effectively, However, there in len gth, and center fed, it b ecomes a d ou-
is one thing that just about every h am can ble Zcpp and the maximum radia tion is
homebrew and have a fine time d oing it. still a t right angles to the w ire. The an-
T hat thin g is an antenna. There is no more tenna problem we a re striving to solve is
p leasant w ay to become a member of the how, by using one wire. can we radiate
elite homebrew set. than spend ing a sunny East and ' Vest to cover the United States,
afternoon tramping around the back yard and Northeast and Southeast to cover
doing antenna work. It is even better if Europe and South America, with good ef-
you are lucky enough to have a couple of ficie ncy. By carefully studying the rad iation
trees to climb. You will be surprised at the patterns of m any len gths of antennas we
fin e view about fifteen feet up , and yo u find tha t a long w ire a ntenna for t wen ty
have a ready adult answer for the neighbor's meter operation would be just the thing
kid when he comes out. «H ey, mister. what to cover Europe and South America . ]f it
are you doing up there?" was made a wave a nd a half long it could

I~ 73 MAGAZINE
SWAN MARK II
LINEAR AMPLIFIER
Two Eimae 3-400Z Triodes provide
the legal power input 2000 Watts
P.E-P. in SSB mode or 1000 Watts
AM or CW input. Planetary vernier
drives on both plate and loading con-
trols provide precise and velvet
smooth tuning of the amplifier.
Greatly reduced blower noise is pro-
vided by a low RPM, high volume fan .
Provides full frequency coverage of
the amateur bands from 10 through
80 meters and may be driven by any
transceiver or exciter having be-
tween 100 and 300 watts output.
$395

PLUG·IN VOX UNIT

Plugs directly into Model SOOC, and
may also be used with Model 350C
and other Swan transceivers.
MODEL VX-2 .... $35

SWAN 350C
SSB-AM-CW
TRANSCEIVER
Our improved standard 5 band model,
now in production and still only ...
$420
be fed at the center current loop; be run
North and South and have a fine East-West
pattern when used for the forty and eighty
meter bands. \Vhen excited with a twenty
meter signal, here on the East Coast, one
of its main lobes will cover Europe, and
another South America. We do not have to
be concerned about its impedance because , -,
we are going to use a tuned transmission \
line (TV twin lead ) and an antenna cou-
pler. Feeding it in the center will make
\
\ .
, -00
adjustment of the coupler simple and broad
enough to cover a large segment of each
'"
/ "j
40 &10
band without retuning. \Vhen it is used on ..u""
twenty meters, a gain of .8 dB over a dipole
and 3.8 dB over a vertical is realized. Also,
its cone shaped pattern off the ends makes
it less sensitive to height for low vertical
radiation angles. This antenna was cut and
strung North and South at a height of about I'00· 20 WETERS

22 feet. Tests proved that it operated just Fig . 2. Free Space horizontal pattern.
as planned and out performed my vertical
on every occasion. It also made a surpris- will glow if the glass part is near the case of
ingly neat appearance. the coupler and give a good indication of
As shown in Fig. 1, the antenna is 50 feet the amount of rf at its output. Keeping one
6 inches long on each side of the feed line. eye on the standing wave indicator and the
The twin lead can be any length, and other on the bulb will prevent you from ad-
seems to be lossless for an practical pur- justing to a false standing wave indicator null .
poses. For parallel tuning on all three Now a word to the ham who has an in-
bands, it should be 73 feet long. Fig. 1 quisitive nature and would like to do a
also shows the construction details of the little experimenting. There is no reason
center insulator and feed line conn ector. why this antenna can not be used for the
It is made of circuit board material, pre- ten and fifteen meter bands, in fact, its
ferably fiber glass, because of its strength. gain will be improved as the frequency
The three fillers and two outer plates are gets higher. If the twenty meter band is
cemented together with epoxy to make sure your only interest, it can be fed with 75
it is sealed against the weather. The one ohm coaxial cable instead of TV twin lead
hole in each outer plate is drilled before eliminating the need for the coupler. You
assembly. The holes for the antenna wire will have to carefully cut the antenna for
and solde r lugs are drilled after the epoxy the lowest VS\VR in order to compensate
cement has hardened . Before passing the for its surroundings, but after completed,
antenna wire through the insulator, bend its pattern will be the same as with the
it double about ten inches from the end. twin lead . Fig. 2 shows the free space an-
After it is through, wrap the doubled por- tenn a pattern when excited with a tw enty
tion neatly around itself for about a inch . meter signal. All kinds of in teresting results
This will leave enough of the single con- can be obtained by tilting the wire. This
ductor end to loosely bend back and solder will tend to move the top part of the
to the lug along with the twin lead wire. main lobe parallel to the ground, giving a
The insulators at the extremes should be very low angle of radiation. The lower angle
at least four inches long. will bounce your signal a little further.
Details of the antenna coupler adjust- The materials used for constructing this
ments can not be given, because each type antenna are very strong, but light weight.
will have to be used according to its own This permits the assembly to be held in
operating instructions. There is one help temporary positions with heavy fishing line
that I always use. That is to connect one for experime nting or permanently fastened
terminal of a NE5l neon bulb to one side of strongly to withstand the heaviest weather.
the twin lead at the couplet output. The bulb . . . K3QKO

MAY 1968 15
 A Durable New Gamma-Match
CENTl: 1l 01'
V - OIlIVEN ELEMENT
John A. Attaway, K4IJF
•
Jam es E. Frederick K4ELB
P.O. 80,205
W inter Have n, Fla. 33881

I~- c
The subject is a sturdy ga mma m atch d
with a one piece gamma rod. It can be
made inexpensively from scrap metal and ............. .............. ~
discarded parts. The gamma rod, labelled
A in F ig. 1, is a piece of 50 ohm foam- •
Hex aluminum shielded coax. No more than HOLE IN ALU....NU..
StlllELD I"OR SREAIUNG
3 feet is required for 20, 15, or 10 meter CENTER COtlOUCTOR IF
flEO' D t SEE TEXTI
beams, and a piece this size can usually
be picked up gra tis from most any two-
way radio store. The SO 239 coax connector,
B is joined to the center of the driven ele-
"U IofOD OF COf'tNECTlNG
m'en t by an alunimum strap, C. At this QTH IE!¥'ORAI\'V ....... RIAey:
CAf'll.Cl TDfI (S EE TEXT '
the alum inum was obtained from the scrap
barrel at a local machine shop, gra tis of
course. At an arbitra ry length from B a Fi9' I. The essential features of the 9amma.match.
second alum inum strap D was placed which
acts as the shorting bar. The distance, d, d own very carefully without disturbing th e
between the driven element of the beam setting so that th e capacitance could be
and th e ga mma rod should be at least 3 mea sured with a capacity meter.
inches or else the gamma rod will b e in - 4. At this juncture knowledge of the ca-
convienently long. pacitance per foot of th e foamflex was
The following steps we re necessary in ad. necessary in order to use the proper length
justing th e ga mma m atch: to equal th e capacitance from the variable
1. First, the ends of th e aluminum shield. capacitor. Our m aterial was known to have
ing next to the coax connector end of the a capacitance of 29 ,u,uF / Ioot, and an ap -
gamma rod were bent outward sligh tly, and p ropriate d ista nce was measured. If th e
a coat of good sealer was applied for distance fa lls beyond th e shorting bar the
weather protection. The inner cond uctor coax can be cut at this p oint as shown by
of the coax was not connected to t he 50 - the d iago nal line in Fig. 1. If it fa lls inside
239 but was left Hoating, and a 100 ~~F the shorting bar, as was th e case for our
variable capacitor wired between the alu- installation, a hole must be drilled into th e
minwn shielding and the coax connector foamflex breaking th e inner conductor as
as shown in the inset of Fig. 1. shown by the circle-dot on Fig. 1. T he hole
2. The beam was taken up the tower to was subsequently filled with sea ling com-
a height near that to be used in the fi na l pound to insu late and weatherproof.
installation, as settings made near the A gamma m atch constructed in this man-
ground will not be valid at normal operat- ner was used on the 15 meter b eam made
ing heights. A signal was then fed to the by converting a TA-33]r. as described in
beam from the transmitter, and the short- an earlier issue of th is magazine. In the
ing bar and variable ca~acito~ va~ie.d si- past 20 mon ths it has been fixed at a
multaneously until the setting with rrumrnum height of 73 feet and has endured sustained
SWR was determined. A Heathkit Reflected winds of over 60 ~f PH in brushes with 3
Power Meter and S\VR Bridge was used hurricanes.
for th is operation. The shorting bar was No damage or m alfunction has resulted
fixed at this point. and conseq uently we recommend it to you.
3 . The variab le capacitor was brought . .. K411F & K4ELB
16
73 MAGAZINE
 SEND FOR OUR 1968 CATALOG OF
PRECISION QUARTZ CRYSTALS AND ELECTRONICS
FOR THE COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

TT
 James Ashe W2 0XH
How to Hang a Dipole RD #I
Freeville. N.Y. 13068

If you're a beginning ham operator or a mismatch , not a new antenna system.

SWL, why don't you try a twinlead dipole? Many radio receivers will take 300 ohm
It offers good performance from a design balanced or 75 ohm unbalanced input, hut
practically as simple as a random long-wire most amateur transmitters are designed to
antenna , but without the lon gwire's g round- feed a 75 ohm load. These two load sys-
ing problems. Its relatively narrow-band tem s cannot be connected directly one to
perfo rmance is usually no inconvenience. the other, but a transformer or an elec-
And it can be tuned up without a trans- trical circuit which seems to ac t like a
miller or SWR b rid g e. TVI problems transformer may be used as an almost
become less severe b ecause the transmitter perfect ly efficient adapter. Fr o m the
rf, provided w ith a good place to go, loses unwieldy term "balanced-to-unbalanced" we
interest in house wirin g and TV sets. have the modem word "balun."
Three types of balun are used in most
L ESS THAN amateur work. All are eq ually appropriate
'1"" for transmitting and receiving, if they are
I' I"
MORE TtlAN ~ F"T
'I heavy enough to handle the transmitter's
powerful rf. They are the toroidal trans-
/
,""'... m "
INSIDE OIPOL£
former, the interwound coil, and the coaxial
."" e..., SHOR T HERf.
cable varieties. Only the coaxial cable balun,
shown in Fig. 2, requires tuning.
BOTH ENDS

If you don't already have a balun, the

nEOl.lNE
easiest and least expensive way to get one
SOCIA TW I"'LE AD
AMY LENGTH
is to make it from coax cable. The exact
length of cable required depends upon how
fast the rf travels through it, so, if the
1S..... COAK
balun is made up from a piece of coax
I R;:';9JUI perhaps 5X too long, you can use the
"..."" haywire bridge d escribed later to zero in
rh
on the proper dimensions. This eliminates
Fig_ I. This is the complete antenna system you're difficulties with a piece of cable whose specs
going to build. may not be quite right.

The +winle.d dipole

Two pieces of 300-ohm twinlead will 300A TWINLEAO
ANY LTIl
make a very fine folded dipole, usable for
receiving and low power transmitting appli-
cations. One piece is to cut slightly under
a half-wave length at the operating fre-
quency and hung parallel to the ground.
The other piece is attached to its center
to serve as feedline, as shown in Fig. 1.
The feedline may be any convenient length.
The 300-ohm a n te n n a and f e ed lin e AG-59IU lIZ ;\ LG
ANY LTIl TillY ..~ FEET AI'«)
inpedances are properties of the folded CUT FOR NULL ON
dipole kind of antenna. The 300-ohm twin- IlAYWlAEO BR DGE:

lead was designed to meet this special

RG-591\1
requirement. "300 ohms" means that, as with
de, if you apply 300 volts you will find I
amp flowing. But unlike de, this applies
only at the antenna's resonant frequency. Fig . 2. This CO". ba lu n is about as si mple as you
If you replaced the 300-ohm feedline with can get. Avoid shorting between center and outer
75 or 450 ohm twinlead, you'd end up with conductorsl

18 73 MAGAZINE
 The dipole's "ra d iation pattern" is which
way the rf goes once it leaves the dipole.
For receiving purposes, efficie ncy is b est in
the directions that get the most rf when
transmitting. The dipole's radiation pattern
vari es sharply with heigh t above ground, ~ 7,!-_""',,-
and the highest possible installation is not
necessarily the best. Fig. 3 shows the strik- ~
ing variations in radiation pa ttern as the ~
dipole's height is increased from 0 .2 wave- ~ ....NY HEIGHT OKAY
OVER 0.5 WAVEL.EtoIGTHS
lengths above ground to 0 .5 wavelengths . ~
If you cannot achieve either of these alti- ~ .,
tudes, simp ly try for the clearest possible :i ANTENNA HEIGHT ABOVE GROUNO 11\1

location. Fig. 4. The dipole's input c haracteristics depend

upon height. Here are the two important numbers
again : 0.2 and 0.5 wavelengths.
STR DtoIG AT
HIGH AHGL.E S

PuHing up the dipole

Read everything you can find on dipoles
of any variety. Then work out a way to
get the twin-lead ve rsion into the air, and
if you cannot meet all the specs put it up
anyway. A cut-and-try test session will
WEA K A T probably zero things in quite well .
JL ':::O- "".-t~.-V" L.O W ANGUS
Trees, drain pipes, lightning rod systems,
towers, and what have you will all affect
0.2 WAVEUNGTH " - END OF DIPOL. E
ABOVE GROUND the folded dipole. The usual result is a
measured resonant frequency lower than
calcula ted . The dipole seems a little too
VERY POOR long. And various nearby structures may
VERTICAL.L.Y
also electrically unbalance the dipole.
ST RONG AT
~ -,,
'~ OW ANGL.ES Suppose L is in feet and F is the oper-
ating frequen cy in MHz. Cut a strip of twin -
lead at least 404 /F feet long, short both
ends and attach the feedline to its center.
Add tuning stubs to each end, b oth stubs
0- 5 Wo\vtL.ENGTH
A80VE GI'lOO NO eq ually long, for a total length of 462 /F
to 468 /F feet. The twin lead mak es good
stubs. The dipole minus stubs is too short,
. ~ ~ .,

Fig. 3. The d ipole has two ba sic radiation patterns. -_.~==~'-

Here th ey are , as seen from the dipole's end.

The dipole's electrical properties a lso

I A I TALS f OL. OED
depend upon distance from ground. Fig, 4
shows h ow the input resistance varies with
height. For b est results try for some height
near one giving a 300-ohm input resistance.
Although the dipole is said to show zero
- "
,,'

response or radiation off it's ends, quite

good signal reports may b e obtained in
these directions. This is b ecause the dipole
really does radiate off its end s, but only
steeply up into the sky. Sign als in these t BI TA IL. S EllTENDED

directions would be imp roved with a second Fig . 5. How the tuning stubs are placed for
better-oriented dipole. W ell, why not? IA) and lowed (8) resonant freqency.

19
MAY 1968
with stubs fully extende d is too long. See
Fig. 5. By folding the stubs back, you can
---
tune or ret une the dipole to freq uency, and
b alan ce out uneven effects of nearby struc-
tures.
Assemble the antenna in any convenient
way similar to the handbook and magazine
descriptions. Nylon line will do a fi ne job
and you can omit the insulators for low
power. Seal twinlead openings and splices,
since moisture leakage may change the
twinlead cha racteristics or corrode the wire.
Tie the tuning stubs back against the dipole
as shown in Fig. SA and pull it up into
the air.
Fig. 7. This is what the haywire bridge looks like
Testing and tuning the dipole just before folding over.

With the twinlead dipole in place and any other value, or if inductive or capacitive
the transmission line strung to the vicinity reactance is added, the balance is disturbed
of the receiver or rig, everything tha t could and we see a mete r reading. This circ uit
affect its tuning or input characteristics has tells us when the antenna terminals look
corne into the p icture. \Ve know it will most like a res istor, which is enough to get
resona te near but above the correct fre- by. T here is more to this, which you should
q uency, and we know that we've done all look up later, but for now: simple p roblem,
we can to get the b est input impedan ce. simp le answer.
Now we do some testing. The bridge circ uit will give the best

..-.c,"" ~ ','
results if it is built of properly chosen com-
ponents. Capacitors Cl and C2 are not
""'" ~
"9 critical, but should measure the same value
on a capacitor tester. Rl an d R2 are also
ALL AESISTORS TO ballpark accuracy if they measure the same
BE GOOD GAADE ; 0"
CONPOSITION ' .000
" on an ohmmeter. R4 and R5 are uncritical
..'""
1~ OR B2
SELECT ED
"' isola ting res istors. Choose a good new res is-
"----i.-----· t40T SIDE
- - - - . . . FOLD L INE
tor for R3. All resis tors should be compo-
GNDSlDE sition va riety. DI is any known good ger-
+
'" manium rf diode.
""';
0·'"
" ~,

'I 00" Assemble the parts with short leads in the

relative positions of Fig. 6. This should come
::::~
.."" out resembling Fig. 7. Then fold the entire
assemb ly. like a book, around the diode,
AF (')("1 bring the two outside rf points together, and
Fig. b. Schematic of the haywire test bridge. solder them to the rf input line. If you're
using a signal generator, the gro und site
\ Ve compare the dipole with a res istor of the bridge goes to the generator's ground.
at va rious frequencies, and specially note Clip in the meter, and you're nearly ready
the frequency which gives the b est similar- to test your antenna. But first, test the
ity. The haywire bridge show n in Fig. 6 bridge!
does this. Feed enough rf into the bridge to bring
It's a simple Wheatstone bridge with a
diode detector. Let's suppose that the
antenna terminal has a 75 or 82 ohm ....C,,-,
NETEA ( \

composition resistor across it, the same value

OOOA
ANTENNA
FEEDLIN ,
as R3. Then the LH and the RH compo- "'" BRIDGE "A
ccex
BALUN

nent strings are 2 :1 voltage dividers, points

A and B see the same rf voltage, in phase, Fig. 8. Blod di agram of the a nte nna te st setup. A
and there is no de fed to the meter. sign al gen er ator could replace th e GOO. See how
If the antenna resistance is replaced by this fits into Fig. I.

20 13 MAGAZINE
 ................
the m eter to full-scale with an open circuit • •
across the antenna terminals. That's what is
• •
happening in Fig. 9. Without changing any-
thing, place a resistor eq ual to R3 across the • •
antenna terminals, and the meter reading
should go very close to zero. It should stay
•• • ••
there independently of large changes of
rf frequency. : \N ,r\€. -csrt:
Once you know the haywire bridge works
properly you may want to attach it to the • ~.
comp lete antenna system. Don't do that! Is
your balun in good order? Connect a 300 • •
or 330 ohm composition resistor across the
balun's twinlead side, se t up the bridge,
:• Now... 2000 Watts
Full PowerjMinimum Size
P.E.P. :
and check for drop from full meter deflec- FOR APARTMENTS. SUBURBAN HOMES ••
tion to near zero. If you are using a coax • Marine and Po rtable Op8ration
b alun. the null will be freq uency dependent • Packaged for A PO lind FPO Shipping I
and belongs on your chosen opera ting fre-
q uency. Double check by finding the signal • 6-10-15-20 •
on your receiver. • METER S •
The t ime prowen
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• tenna comb ines
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EI. l ength II ' loadi ng for max.·
imum ra dia t fc n •
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I Total Weight 11 Ibs. ce nter loadine;. •
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SWR at Re sonance 1.5 to 1.0 max. Net $59.95
•
•
MULTIBAND COAXIAL ANTENNA
for 6·10·15 -20 METERS
•
•
• Needs no ground plane radials . f ull etecrica l •
112 wave on each band. Excellen t quality
• construction. Mount with inexpensive •
TV hardware. Pat ented .
Fig. 9. Here's the hayw ire bridge, just before ccn- • Power Rating 2000 Watts P.E.P. •
necting the antenna. RCA connectors are handy, or • Total Wei ght 5lbs. •
use anything on hand . Heiiht 11 '
Now you can test your a ntenna. As before, I Sine;le Feed line 52 ohm •
• SWR at Resonance 1.5 to 1.0 max.. •
adjust rf source and bridge for full scale
deflection, attach balun and antenna, and • Model C4 Net $34.95 •
find the best null fr equency. Repeat the
test with the stubs fully extended, to find • •
the lowest operating fr equency. Your tar-
get fr equency should b e between these
extremes.
: Free Delivery On :
By shortening the stubs and checking null
or resonant frequency, you can quickly zero : "MINI BEAMS" :
in on the antenna tuning you want. If you
cut the stubs they're hard to lengthen, but
• . From . •
folding and taping has the same effect. If
the null is not sharp and deep, try raising,
•• QUEMENT ••
lowering, and unbalancing the antenna.
Mak e one change at a time and keep a
record of results.
:. 10ELECTRONICS
00
:
SOUT H BASCOM AVE . •
\Vhen your new dipole is in the air it's
• SAN JOSE , CALIFORNIA •
likely to look different from the h andbook 95128
• PHO NE 294-0464 SINCE 1933 •
•••••••••••••••
•
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ENOS HOT !lAME HEIGHT~
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STUBS TMolMED
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3316 Moln Street, RlveMiide 3, Colifornia 92501
Phon. 683·0523 (area code 714J

22 73 MAGAZINE
 "TH E HAM'S HEAVEN"
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PRESENTS

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•
 Bla ckwell B. Evans, Jr. WA5STM
Matching Stubs 5514 Sutton Place
New Orl.ans , louisiana 701 14

This article will show you how to match

any feedline to an antenna and get an SWR
of less than 2 to 1. There is no restriction •
on antenna type or feeder length. All that f"[EDL'NE
is required is an S\VR meter; h owever.
kn owing the approximate antenna imped- • •
ance will do.
First, I'll tell you how I came across this
j
OPEN STUB
J
CLOU D STUB

idea. 1 had just moved and no longer had Fig. I. How reactance is insert ed. A shows the
any good trees for stringing up antennas. distance from the ant.nna for ins.rting the stub
1 looked through some old 73's and came and B is the length of the stub.
up with a bi-square antenna . It looks like
a single element from a Quad, except that
it is a half-wavelength long on each side. shorter than a quarter-wavelength will
The article (73, August 19B1 ) was by David exh ib it reactance as well as resistance. An
Bell W8GUE / B. Marry thanks to David for open end line will h ave capacitive reactance .
an excellent ante nna . A closed end line will have inductive react-
There was only one small problem. My ance. A line less than a quarter-wavelength
version was for 15 meters with each side long may therefore b e used to match
about 22-feet long. This made it more than antenna and line impedances for low S\VR.
30-feet tall when suspended from the peak. Fig. 1 shows how the reactance is inserted.
In the article it was matched through a A is the distance fro m the antenna at which
quarter-wave stub of open wire line hanging the stub is insert ed . B is the length of the
from the end. This was another 11 feet stub itself. F ig. 2 shows another arrange-
added to the end. My only tree was not tall ment which p erforms the same wa y, hut
enough to accomod ate this too. The bottom looks a little different.
three feet of the stub were left on the If either the sta nd ing w ave ra tio or the
ground. In addition, I was going to h ave impedance of the ante nna is known, then
to tune the thing by the trial and error lengths A and B can be comp uted easily.
method after 1 got it up. 1 figured there There are only two requirements. One, the
had to be an easier way to match all this stub and the feedline must have the same
junk up so it would radiate properly. impedance , and two, the antenna must be
A few hours spent flippin g thro ugh the resonant at the intended frequency of opera-
pages of the ARRL Antenna Handbook and tion. These are easy requirements to fulfill.
other books were very profitable. The first decision to make is whether to
\Vhen a line is hooked up to an antenna use an open-end stub or a closed stub. This
and the impedance of the line is different will depend on the ratio of antenna to line
from that of the ante nna, then there is a impedance. \Vhen the antenna impedance is
reactive component present on the line. The
S\VR is high and losses increase. A great
deal of power may be lost wi thout putting
much of a signal on the air. To rectify this
you need only put in an eq ual amount of
reactance, but of the oppos ite kind. This
will reduce the SWR and power losses. • •
A length of transmission line wh ich is a
f"[E:OI.JNE f'E£DLINE
quarter-wavelen gth long behaves like a res-
onant circuit. If it is shor ted at one end,
• •
1" 1
it appears as a parallel resonant circuit with OPEN S Tloe CLOSED Sfloe

high resistance ; if open-ended, a series reso- Fig. 2. This arrangement give s the sam. performa nce
nant circuit with low resistance. Lines as Fig. I but is different in appea ranc• .

24 73 MAGAZINE
 less than the line impedance, a capacitive this or the SWR reading (they should be
or open end stub is used. If the antenna about the same ).
impedance is greater than the characteristic
line impedance, an inductive or closed end
stub is needed. If you are using 150, 300,
450, or 600 ohm twinlead or ladderline and Chart 4. For Open-End Stubs
the antenna is current-fed, then you will
probably need an open stub. If the antenna SWR Wavelengths
is voltage-fed, then a closed stub will prob- A B
ab ly be needed. There are exceptions. r.s . 109 .062
2 .096 .099
Fig, 3 shows the curre nt and voltage 3 .083 .138
distribution along a half-wavelength of
antenna. If the feedline intersects the
•• .0 74
.06 7
.15 6
.16 7
6 .062 .178
antenna at a current loop (maximum) and 7 .058 .18 4
8 .054 . 189
a voltage node (minim um) then the antenna 9 .051 .193
is curre nt-fed. The old sta ndby, the h alf- .0 49 . 196
wave dipole, is current-fe d. If the antenna "
12.6
15
.044
.040
.202
.207
is fed at a voltage loop and current node, 17.5 .038 .210
then it is voltage-fed. Note that these terms 2. .035 .2 13
do not corres pond to the terms end feed
or cen ter feed.
Having decided what type of stub to
use, the next step is to measure the standing
wa ve ratio. Hook the feedline directly to
Chart -
i:>. For Closed -E nd Stubs
the a ntenna and tune up. CAUT ION: do SWR Wavelengths
not load to maximum. \ Vhen these manu- A B
facturers say that their super-duper trans- 1.6 .141 .188
2 . 162 .151
3 . 167 .113
(+1 4 . 177 .093
6 . 184 .081
6 .188 .072
7 .192 .065
\ / ClM'IRENT FEED HERE
8 ,196 .061
\ 9 . 199 .057
\ .202 .054
\
"
12.5 .206 .047
(01

L .a. \2
~~

~
1~'o'OI.
\
T AG.E FEED AT
EITHER END
15
17.5
2.
.210
.2 13
.215
.043
.039
.037
\
V\
0,
{-I '"
"'~E'"

Fig. 3. C urre nt and voltage distribution . Chart 6

ceive r will d eliver 400 watts to a load with Feedline T ype Velocity Factor
an S\VR of 2 to 1 or less, they mean it. Coax
These fin als will not dissipate the reflected (solid d ielectr ic ) .66
T winlead
p ower. The feedline may not take the 75 o h m .7'
extremes caused by mismatch either. And 150 ohm .77
300 oh m .82
while measuring, remember that you are Open-wire li ne .98
radiating some power despite a monstrous
SWR. I worked Europe 559 with 60 watts
and SW R of 4 to I, so your signal d oes
cause QR\1. If you know the imped ance of
the antenna , then forget about measuring D ue to the different dielectrics used,
S\VR unless the antenna is not very high radio waves travel along tran smission lines
or is very near any th ing that might affect at different speed s, always less than the
its impedance value. Divide the antenna speed of rad io waves in free space. A s-
imped ance by the line impedance, or vice suming you now have the wavelength re-
versa if the line has the larger value. Using quired and the frequency and the velocity

MAY 1968 25
factor, you are now ready to compu te the and an operating frequency of 28.1, I get
exact lengths needed. Use the following the following equations:
equation: for A
985 985
length in feet ~ X velocity 28.1 x .82 x .21 - approximately 6.05 feet
frequency
factor X length in wavelengths. You will for B
need to use it twice; once for A, and again
for B. 985 x .82 x .04 ~ approximately 1.15 feet
Now that you have the lengths required, 28. 1
merely break into the line at the appropriate \Vhich means that a distance of six feet
point and connect the stub. If you use the and one-half inch from the antenna I should
arrangement in Fig. 2, just connect a stub insert a stub one foot two inches long,
equal in length to A plus B and hook the shorted at the end.
feedline onto it at a distance from the It's hard to say just how broadband this
antenna equal to A. type of thing will be. On fifteen meters, by
Just to make sure you've got the idea, designing around a frequency of 21.050
I'll work out an example. Let's assume that MHz, I get a standing wave ratio of 1.1 to
I have just put up a two half-waves-in-phase I at 21.0 MHz, and 1.5 to I at 21.350 MHz
collinear for ten meters. This looks like a on my bisquare. Being a C\V man, I have
dipole except each side is a half-wave-length never been higher than this.
long. This makes it voltage-fed. Therefore There is no reason why you cannot make
I will use a closed stub. I hook up the the stubs out of coax if you want to. You
300 ohm twinlead and measure the SWR. I can use a T-connector or splice it and seal
get a reading of about 15 to 1. Next I take the joint with tape.
a look at chart 5. From this I get a value This method should eliminate a lot of
of .21 wavelengths for A and .04 for B. unnecessary work in tuning the feed system
Using the velocity factor of .82 for twinlead of any antenna that uses stub matching. No

including a
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26 13 MAGAZINE
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515 BLACKSTONE
W6JUK FRESNO, CALIFORNIA 93701 Shipped PrepaId Centlnental U.S.A.
Op.rat.d by Hams for Hams

MAY 1968 27

•
more will you have to make an endless handbooks (pre 1950) give excellent infor-
string of hit-or-miss adjustments and often - mation on this aspect of antennas. I have
times end up settling for less than the best always found that when it comes to putting
match. For those who want a more theo- up a new antenna, it is always the cost of
retical and detailed explanation, I recom- the feedline that stops me. From now on
mend the ARRL Antenna Handbook. Also, though, I can feed a new antenna with what-
strangely enough, many of the older radio ever I can get my hands on. .., WA5STM

UFO NET that direction, alerting hundreds or even

(Con ti nued from, page 2)
thousands of people to be on the watch.
tigation project of the Air Force and mutual
cooperation has been assured. Nicap ( Na- On the UFO Net
tional Investigations Committee on Aerial During the establishment of the net it
Phenomenon ) is also interested in our pro- might be of interest to those gathered to
ject and has promised cooperation. The review some of the b ooks and magazine
cover photograph on th e April issue and the articles on UFOs. \Vhile some of them are
photograph at the head of this article were rather obviously far out, others make every
both provided by NICAP. Both photographs attempt to report only carefully checked
are considered auth entic and have been facts.
exhaustively investigated. The net is also H is interesting that many of the govern-
tied in with the 24-hour a day reporting ments of the world take the UF O problem
system set up by Franklin Pierce College quite seriously. I believe that our own
in Rindge, New Hampshire. government is almost alone today in poo-
poohing UFO reports. Those of you who
subscribe to Soviet Life or read it in your
Are UFO's Space Ships? local library were undoubtedly fascinated
In sp ite of the thousands upon thousands by the article in the F ebruary issue on UF O
of eyeball reports on UFO's by dependable reports in Russia and the establishment of a
observers, there is still a serious question in serious program to investigate them . They
many minds about their actual existance. have mobilized th eir observatories, weather
Their existence has yet to be fully proven stations, and all other functions which could
. . . and so has their lack of existence. help in the quest for answers to the UFO's.
The mere possibility that the UFO's do Their pilots are taken seriously when they
really exist and are space ships is, I am give detailed reports of sightings, unlike the
sure, motive enough to warrant th e use of ridicule that American pilots get when
every means at our command to investigate th ey try to give UF O contact reports. Is it
the question. likely that the thousands of UF O reports in
The reports in newspapers of UFO sight- Russia are just imaginary?
ings frequently follow very definite patterns I would like to hear from operators inter-
across the country. It does appear that if ested in acting as net control for the UF O
communications were estab lished throughout Net. I will call in whenever I can, but I
the country, communities along the pro- pretty much work th e clock arou nd here at
jected path of these UFO's might be able to 73 and m y air time is sadly scanty. With
spot them and even get set up to take the backing of 73 I hope that we can get
pictures. If this works out it would not be enough operators interested so that we will
long before teams could start getting ready have a good solid network going. I will be
for more sophisticated examinations of the glad to publish reports in 73 of the progress
UFO's as they pass by. of the net and its accomplishments.
If we set up our network so that we get Remember, if the UFO's are not real our
immediate reports from every possible source network will certainly make this obvious . If
in our communities, we will h ave made a they are real, then amateur radio may be
major contribution to our country. And this on the verge of doing the most important
sensitive d etection system would work two piece of PICON in its history. How about
ways. It would report anything spotted to you? Are you going to be a part of this?
the amateur radio network . . . and the \Ve need every community in the country in
network would report to the "eyes" of the this net.
community when anything was heading in . .. W2NSD

28 73 MAGAZINE
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MAY 1968 29
 •

A Ten Meter Folded Dipole Antenna

Ten meters is openl Along with the open- Ed. Marriner W6BLZ
ing comes TVI on channel two. The TVI 528 Colima Street
is especially bad on the new broad band La Jolla, California
TV color sets now coming on th e market.
To prevent interference the only solution
is to use a one b and antenna or one that
BRASS EYE- - -
does not radi at e the second harmonic. Cen- t4 ' REQD

erally channel two interference cannot be

cured with a low pass filter and a high pass
on the TV set because the transmitter is
sending out on channel two.
The b est antenna is a ten meter beam,
however, investing in a b eam, rotor and
tower for the sho rt period that ten is open
may be out of the question. The b eam
afte r a few years u se is left swinging in
the breeze d uring the dry spell. My expe-
rience has been to get a beam up just before
the band goes dead. No t wanting to go
through the cycle again a search was made
for a substitute antenna. The selection nar-
ro wed down to a vertical folded dipole. 300 A TWINLEAO
BROUGHT AWAY
AT RIGHT ANGLE
Theory
The length of a fold ed dipole can be NAIL

found using the formula 468 /f q will give

the length of the dipole in feet. The length
of 16 ft 6 in is a good compromise for the
whole of ten meters. The advantage of
using a folded dipole are several: It is a
broad band device. This is gnod for ten
-
meters where the operating range is from 16'£>"
28.0 MHz to 29 MHz. The next advantage
and most desirable ch aracteristic is that it
docs not accept p ower at t wice the funda-
mental frequency. This means that it should
attenua te the channel two harmonic pro-
vid ing there is no capacitive coupling at
the tuning end. Cutting the feeders 22-32
feet long or the len gth 52-64 feet long will
also help.
The folded dipole does not accept power
at even multiples of the fundamental b e-
cause the folded section acts as a contin- TURN'
uation of a transmission line. The folded --f-f ElUCKL£S
12J M OO
dipole is better than a single dipole be-
cause the current in the two conductors l j(l---'I 1- ~
flows in the same direction and acts as two
conductors in parallel and the current there-
for in each cond uctor is divided. Thus the "" b .' . , -
feed line sees a higher impedance because
it is delivering the same power at half the
~/~" ~~>' .;.-. - .' •

"~ .. . " .".,"-'

current and the impedance is ab out four .
times grea ter a t the feed point than a reg- '. '

30 13 MAGAZINE
ular dipole. This enables us to use 300 ohm the 300 ohm line is pulling. The 300 ohm
twin lead to feed the ante nna. twin lead should come away from the an-
The folded dipole an tenna moun ted in a tenna ab out ten feet. It can be held by
vertical position with the bottom 12 to 24 end slotting some sticks which are then
inches off the ground offers a low ang le nailed to the h ouse or garage to support
of radiation and probably a lower angle the line.
than m ost b eams, although, without the gain . The antenna mast can now be n ailed to
The lower an gle is really an advant age the eaves of the house or garage. The b ot-
when reaching out for the extreme DX. The tom of the 2 x 2 can be bolted to an angle
a ll aro und p attern is also an advantage iron or aluminum four inches long which in
for SSB round tab le discussions. turn can be b olted to the concrete with 1/4
For the investment the vertical folded di- x 20 bolts set in the cement. An easy way
pole is a good solution for those who do to do this is to star drill 3 /8 holes about
not want to put up a beam for the short 1 inch deep and put the head of the bolt
period of yea rs ten is open. in the h ole. Heat some sulphur in a can with
a torch and pour it in the hole and it wilI
be secure.
Construction Since most transmitters are PI-Network
Make a trip to the lumber yard and buy outp ut it wiII be necessary to use an an-
a 20 foot 2 x 2 and give it a undercoat tenna tuner. Link coupling to the hIner and
and three coats of Z~Spar boat p aint. Put with the cond enser adjust ments wiII pro-
two brass screw eyes at the top of the vide a means of obtaining zero SWR
pole and two at the b ottom a sufficient dis- throughout the whole of the ten meter band
tance away to accommodate the length of as far as the transmitter is concerned.
wire and insulators plus turnbuckles. String Does it work? By the order of the tur-
the wire on each side of the 2 x 2 between tle it d oes. Just as many C's, DL's, Drs,
the insulators and tighten the turn buckles. JA's, L V, VK, and ZL's h ave been worked
Solder jumpers on each end. The center in- with as much ease as with the old four
sulators where the feedline is attached element beam . For the few dollars invest-
sho uld be a short one. Wires can be soldered ment for wood, paint and wire compared
from it to several 6-32 machine screws on with the beam, tower and rotor you can
a piece of lucite wh ich h as been screwed say that 1 am sold on itl
to the 2 x 2 to h elp take the strain when .. . W6BLZ

"Beamed·Power"ANTENNAS,"BALONS"
I. V. KITS and ROTATOR SYSTEMS!

Enjoy World renown TELREX performance,

value and durabilityl Send for PL68 tech. data
and pricing catalog, describing professionally
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Communication
COMMUNICATION Engineering
- with a MATERIAL DIFFERENCE!
Use. is one of the most dependable
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SYSTEMS
SINCE1921
rex Laboratories
products are in use in 139 Lands ASBURY PARK, NEW JERSEY 07712, U.S.A.

MAY 1968 l1
 The Duo Vee Beam Antenna
I 15'0· ~-I-- 15'0· !I'O· ~+- 11'0· --I

23'7"

. , 5 METERS 10 METERS.

Please double ten meter ele-

ment lengths to correct for
000..,. drafting error.
REFLECTOR

The antenna can truly be called the front M. Eugene Spiess KI UFQ
end of your rig. Regardless of the quality b Eastland Drive
of the receiver or the transmi tter the Manchester, Conn.
results that will be achieved will be depend- S\VR but it is between the tuner and the
ent on the antenna. transmitter and what the SWR is between
To achieve the maximum transfer of the tuner and the antenna is anyone's guess.
energy to or from the antenna there are There is only one place where a match can
some items which are necessary to any be correctly made, and that is at the
antenna installation. antenna. Just so no one will get the wrong
1. The elements should be full resonant impression, I have nothing against antenna
lengths, no traps or loading coils. tuners or couplers. I always use one, not
2. The driven element should be resonant for SWR adjustments but for harmonic
at the design frequency. suppression and 1 firmly believe all trans-
3. The reflector should not be resonant mitters should have one in the line with an
above the lowest design frequency. SWR bridge permanently built in. While we
4. Directors should not be resonant below are on the subject of antenna couplers let's
the highest design frequency. discuss the correct place where they should
5. The antenna should be mounted as high be connected in the line. Here I go sticking
as possible and in the clear. my neck out by not going along with
6. Some type of matching device must be technical and hand books, but let's analyze
used at the antenna to match the antenna the situation. Let us say we have a perfectly
to the feed line to obtain an SWR of 1:1, matched beam antenna to a 52 ohm line.
If the above requirements are met a good We have an antenna coupler between the
performing antenna will result. Notice that line and the TR relay. We turn on the
the matching device must be at the antenna. transmitter and adjust the coupler for a
So many times I have had QSO's and the 1: 1 SWR. Let us say the transmitter has
statement was made, «I have an SWR of a 52 ohm output impedence. Right now we
1: 1 because I always use an antenna could not have a better situation. The 52
tuner." To be sure this station has a 1:1 ohm output of the transmitter looks into

32 73 MAGAZINE
 the coupler, sees 52 ohms, the coupler looks
into the transmission line and sees 52 ohms,
the transmission line is terminated at the
MORE RANGE .••
antenna matching device and sees 52 ohms.
All the little electrons are as happy as larks.
with NO NOISE
\ Ve now get an answer to our CQ and throw
the TR switch to receive. The antenna now ~OW ~\.\.
is the source of rf instead of our trans-
mitter. The antenna looks into the trans- ti\OB\\..t u"\,,\S
mission line and sees 52 ohms, the trans-
mission line looks into the coupler and sees
52 ohms, the coupler looks into the receiver
and doesn't know what it is liable to see.
Perhaps on some hand and some frequency
on that band it might see 52 ohms. There
is only one place the coupler should be and CUSTOM SYSTEMS
that is between the transmitter and the KITS. ACCESSORIES
TR relay. If you don't believe this, build I
yourself a receiver antenna coupler and
take some S readings.
The reader may well ask at this point
what the above h as to d o with building a
ELIMINATE IGNITION NOISE
Duo Vee Beam Antenna. The answer is
nothing regarding the building of the beam, ELECTRO· SHIELD ~
but if the design is not made according to -==,:..>YO"",UR ENGINE
the b asic rules a s stated this antenna or any FROM
other antenna will not give optimum results.
Let's get on with the Duo Vee Beam
cons truction and the reason for its creation.
The author has tried all types of antennas
except a rhombic, and the reason for not
trying a rhombic is because of the terrain have no meaning. Even with laboratory
at this location. The most outstanding eq uipment gain readings must be taken with
antenna on one band was the four element a grain of salt. Suffice it to say that w ith
circular b eam that was the brain child of the Duo Vee Beam fifteen over nine reports
K8CFU.· fro m Europe on fifteen meters w as ob tained
The au thor could find no antenna that and twenty over nine in South America o n
could eq ual this circular quad on one band. ten meters, all with an Apache runn ing
But two b and opera tio n was desired and as ninety watts inp ut .
soon as the oth er elements were added, the \ Vith a ground wave signa l a FIB ratio
original one lost its punch. The handbooks shows 24 dB. Note that this FIB w as ground
may aga in say there is no interaction but wave as a skip signal w ill cause t he FIB
when "S" units go down, something is ratio to vary depending on the angle 'of the
causing it. The desire for a two band beam arriving wave. The sketch shows the dimen-
with no interaction w as the reason for sion for a desig n fo r 10 and 15 me ters.
experimenting and the result was the Duo This antenna can b e designed for o ther
Vee Beam. The accompaning sketch is self bands by the use of the formula 1f4 w ave
explanatory for building the beam. All the 246
tubing ca n be obtained in a hardware store
len gth equals H and the tuned by adjust-
FM z
along with the aluminum flat stock. The ing the telescoping tubing in the e lements.
two inch twenty foot aluminum boom is a Of course your ro tor indicator will read
piece of irrigation tubing. The damps are the opposite direction on fift een if the t en
TV type clamps. meter side is set to com pass directions but
No value of gain ca n be given as none this p oses no problem, so study the sketch ,
was made for the simple reason that without build yourself a Duo Vee Beam and I'll
laboratory eq uipment the readings would be looking for yo u ,vith the strongest sig na l
· Ar ch iba ld Doty, Jr.• Box 5 13, }"ranklin, }(ich iga n . on the band, Hi. . . . Kl UFQ

MAY 1968 33

a
 Computer Design of Beam Antennas
J. D. Cameron WA4WWM
Box 139C, Rt. 2
The purpose of this article is to acquaint
Amherst, Va.
the reader with the technique of using a
machine to help make a decision, or even
to make the decision for him. Computers
are used in the business world to make
marketing decisions, and in the Pentagon, The future computer will be instructed and
cost analysis is employed to justify major will answer in speech, but today we type
decisions on the defense of the country. our instructions.
Marry articles have presented to the Most of us who like to dream of antennas
readers the problems arising in the com- on high towers have limited funds, so there
puter age, with forecasts of dire results to is a height of the tower, in conjunction with
the average man. This article hopes to the number of elements in the beam, which
persuade readers who have doubts about the will give best results for our money. The
value of computers, how such machines can question we want answered is, for a vari-
be used for helping us reach decisions, even able height and variable beam size (number
on the merits of antenna systems, a favorite of elements), what is the best value in terms
for discussion at the amateur radio club. of gain per dollar, and is there an optimum
The capability of the computer to do height and number of elements we could
arithmetic at fantastic speeds is used in use for each band. For this article, we shall
various "languages" where the user com- consider 7 MHz, 14 MHz, 21 MHz, and 28
mands the machine to do his bidding. One MHz amateur bands, heights from 20 feet to
common language is called "Fortran", and 100 feet, and beams of the close-spaced
a set of instructions makes a program. We Yagi type from one (a rotary dipole) to
can instruct the computer with a Fortran six elements. Individuals have different ideas
program to do fast calculations on the merits on construction techniques, but for amateur
of various systems, provided we realize that home-built antennas we have an idea of
initially it knows nothing about the subject the approximate cost of an antenna with
and we must prime it with knowledge. If a tower. Based on our knowledge, we then
the final result is wrong, it is not the fault derive a formula which seems to be reason-
of the machine, but of the programmer. able. Undoubtedly, the formula used will
A relatively new development in the use not agree with the experience of many
of computers is in the principle of sharing amateurs. However, the principles used can
an expensive machine among many cus- he exploited to suit individual ideas, so your
tomers. The new techniques in computer own formulae for gains and costs can be
design have allowed the calculations to be substituted. The cost Formula is a little
made in less time than a teleprinter will complex, as the tower cost increases with
type out the answer. So it is possible for height and also with beam size, requiring
a large computer at a central location to greater strength for a heavier load.
be asked questions by a person many miles First consider power gain relative to a
away, using ordinary telephone lines to 20 M dipole at 33 feet, or a half wavelength
carry the conversation between the com- high. As the number of elements increases,
puter and an inexpensive teletype terminal. the gain increases. As the height increases,
This can be located in an office or even the gain increases. A s the frequency
in a home a considerable distance away. increases at that height, the gain increases.
This leads us to your home in the not-so- To simplify the formula for gain we shal!
distant future, where your wife will use a assume a linear relationship. So we have
distant computer to help her do her shop- Gain = Height x Elements x Frequency
ping! Your children will have been taught divided by a factor A. A 20 M dipole at
how to carryon a conversation with a 33 feet is our reference. Therefore, 1 = 33 x
machine. In fact, programmers today are 1 x 14 "'" A, A ~ 470. To check A, assume
working towards the ultimate language, II dB gain for a 5 element beam at 66 feet
which will approximate normal conversation. high on 14 MHz.

34 73 MAGAZINE
 11 d B is a power gain of 12. Therefore, its memory. The process is repeated up to
12 = 66 x 5 x 14 -T A, A = 390. Select a six elements. The best value for the first
value of 400 as reasonable. Now we have freq uency of interest, 7 MHz, is then
G = ( F x H x N ) 1400 as one fonnula for printed. Similarly, the m aximum dB per
our p rogram . The equation for the cost of d ollar is printed for 14 MHz, 21 MHz and
the tower plus the beam comes from personal 28 MH z. We shall See lines of print inform-
experience and can b e varied to suit the ing us of frequency, number of e lements,
individual. In this example, the final result height, gain in dB , and cost for the best
was derived, Cost = 60 x Height x Square value at that frequency.
root of elements plus 600 x Elements all di- Note that the figures shown apply to
vided by frequency. single beams on towers, so it should be
\Ve shall break down the system cost into obvious that we shall get better value for
beam , tower and rotator. A reasonable our money by using a tri-band beam on
500N one tower.
formula for the beam cost is F For ex-
Don Gordon, W4VTI, pointed out that
ample, a 3 element b eam at 14 Me comes a n extension of the program would b e to
to $ 108, and at 28 Me would b e $54. Some simulate the cond itions when we have
ingenuity will give a 7 Me 3 e lement beam limited funds available, a common occur-
for $216. T he tower must be stronger as re nce! He rewrote the program to find out
the beam size increases at a give n height, the best beam size versus height for fixed
so a fac tor involving N is used in the costs, selecting $300, $400, $500 and $600.
tower fo rmula, with an estimated cost of The co mparison in value now is limited a t
50 x Hx VN a fixed cost in each case, and the print
F . For examp le, a 50 foot tow- has an add itiona l column, allowable cost.
er to hold a 14 Me 3 element beam would The print-out is now frequency, number of
cost $3 10. Adding 20% to the total estimated e le ments, height, ga in, true cost, and maxi-
mum allowable cost. The p erformance in
cost for a rotator gives the final formula.
ga in is compared to a half-wave rotary
dipole at a half wavelength high, so the
(500 N + 50 H x V N) x 1.2 dipole on 7 MHz at 24 feet has a loss of
Cost -
F 3 dB with reference to a height of 66 feet.
If yon have $600 ava ilable for a 28 MHz
Therefore, for the comp ute r, hearn, using amateur construct ion tech-
niques, the comp uter shows a 6 element
60 x H x V N
- + 600N beam almost 3 wavelengths high with a gain
C - of 15 dB over a dipole a t 16 feet.
F
\Ve have seen how the computer can give
Val ue can be defined as performance answers ra pidly when primed with knowl-
versus cost, or in this case, decibels of gain edge. Knowledge is gained by learning, and
for ou r dollars. Transfer the gain into in the average human bei ng is a long, slow
decibels by a logarithmic func tion to suit and somet imes painful p rocess. But the
our form ula, and we get, V ~ Log G.lC. comp uter can be rapidly ed ucated, or re-
\Ve are interested in the maximum value ed uca ted . Suppose in our case we do not
obtained from 7 ~lH z to 28 MHz for all agree with our ed uca ted machine. \Ve ca n
comb ina tions of heights from 20 feet to erase the knowledge we primed it with, in
100 fee t in steps of 2 feet, with antennas othe r words, alter the formulas we had.
from one to six elements. Among DX antenna enth usiasts there is
E ach new calcula tion of V is compared
always the old argument of height against
with the previous, and the larger of the
beam size. Some b elieve in height, others
two selected. First, at F =7 MHz for a range
of heights from 20 feet to 100 feet, the believe in large b eams. Our program so far
best value in dB p er dollar is found for can he seen to favor large b eams at medium
a dipole (one element). Then the computer heights for best value for the dollar. For
goes through the next loop calculating the those who disagree, we can re-educate the
best value for a two element beam at all comp uter by emphasizing the value of
heights, comparing with the previous best heigh t. Instead of a 3 dB increase on
for a dipole, and storing the maximum in d oubling the height, we can assume a 6 dB

MAY 1968 35

I
increase. We now incorporate a new formula beam at 88 feet, or five elements at 100
for gain. A 6 dB increase is 4 times the feet.
power, so power increases as the square of Consider the time required to calculate
height. The gain Formula is now re-written, all the values by conventional means, then
G= ( F xH )2 x N / A.Again we knowG = 1 compare our first print-out of maximum
for a dipole at a h alf wavelength high. Recal- values taking 11 ~ seconds and the second
culating for A gives the value of 220,000. print-out taking less than half a minute of
We prime the computer with this new computer time!
formula and run the program again. The The whole conversation with the computer
results are shown to suit the height-oriented for the two programs is shown, but no
OX chaser. attempt is made to explain details. For
Note that a new formula for gain does those interested, books on Fortran are easily
not allow us to compare the actual dB obtainable. You can substitute your own
shown in the gain column from one program formulae to determine values for quad
to another. Gain comparisons .should be antennas, and the computer can then answer
made only within the formula used. For the old question, yagi versus quad! The
example, in the list of 28 MH z antennas result will vary, of course, depending on the
at $300, $400, $500 and $600, we see that individual amateur's formulae, and the total
the increase in gain is 6 dB from $300 out- result of this article will probably b e t o
lay to $600, while at 7 MHz the increase have more heated discussions in the club
is from -8 dB to 0 or plus 8 dB for a 7 MHz room.
rotary dipole increasing in height from
24 feet to 60 feet.
We can now draw some conclusions from System-Fortran
the four programs. The first gain formula, New or Old-New
which emphasizes the large beams, shows New Problem Name-Antval
that at 7 MH z we must be prepared to invest Ready.
a large sum to get the best value from the
Tape
antenna system, $1386 for a large 5 ele-
Ready.
ment beam at 50 feet high. The second
formula for gain, which is oriented to suit 100 Print "Fortran for antenn a cost vs, perform ance"
the height-conscious amateur asks for even 110 Print 10
more money for a 3 element beam on 7 MHz 12010 Fermet (IHI4X4HFREQ4X4HELEM4X4
at 100 feet high, quite an antenna! HHGHT4X4HGAIN4X4HCOSTI
130 DO 4 F = 7, 28, 7
The favorite OX b and is 20 Meters, so
140 Z = 0
our two best values there are of interest. 150 DO I N = 1.6, I
The first formula gives a 3 element beam 160 DO 2 H = 20, 100, 2
a t 40 feet for a cost of $425. The second 170 G = F*H*N/400
formula, which emphasizes height, shows 180 C = (60*H*SQRT(NI + 600*N}/F
almost the same cost for a rotary dipole 190 V = (LOGF(GIl/C
100 feet high. It is a debatable p oint which 200 IF (Z - V)3, 3, 2
of the two would give the strongest signal 2103Z=V
at a remote location. 220 P = N
Now let us examine the systems available 230 Q = H
for the fixed costs of $300 to $600. Our 240 R = 4.3*(LOGF(GII
250 S = C
new gain formula should not make any 260 2 Continue
difference in the inexpensive 7 MHz 270 I Continu e
antenna, but the higher frequencies will be 280 Print! 5, F, P, Q, R, S
height oriented again. The 14 MHz antenna 290 5 Format (S IB)
for $600 in the first instance is a 4 element 300 4 Continue
beam at 50 feet, and in the second case 310 End
is a 2 element b eam at 84 feet. For $300,
Key
the choice is between 2 elements at 34 feet Ready.
and a rotary dipole at 60 feet. At the
highest frequency we have considered, 28 Run
MHz, at the maximum allowable cost of Wait
$600, we can choose between a six element ANTVAL WI MON 12/1 1/67

36 73 MAGAZINE
Fortran for Antenna COlt Performance
VI.
I Freq Elem H9ht Ga in Cod
7 5 50 6 1386
14 3 40 6 425
21 3 30 6 234
28 2 30 6 133
At line No. 3 10: Stop End . Ran 69/6 Sec.

Sydem-Fortran
New or Old-Old
Old Problem Name-ANTCST EXCLUSIVE POLY tri QUAD
Wa it. Z/pGLAS ANTENNA KIT
Ready. TElESCOPIC 2 eleme nt, •• ttl-band , • •
FIBERGLASS power gain co mparable to 3
lid SPREADERS el yagl • .. l o wer ,a ng le of
radiation . • • greater capt ure
ANTCST 13 ,22 WI MOW 12/11/67 area .. • mo re efficie ncy ,
100 Print "Bed Antenna Ga in for Fixed Cod" .8 Zip Glas Spreaders (13 ')
110 Print 10 .2 Universal Starmounts
120 10 Fo,mat (I HI 4X4 H FREQ 4X4 H ELEM
• 1 Boom /Mast Adapter
4X4HHGHT4X4HGAIN4X4HCOST4X4HMAX$j
• 1 Instruction Manual
130 DO 8 F = 7. 28, 7
140 R = Q
150 DO 7 M = 300, 600, 100
160 DO 3 N = I, 6, I
Glasdram at -
Ic s-c o n tl n -
uous strands
95
170 DO I H=20, 100, 2 of fibergla ss
180 G = F*H'N/400 stm utt e n e -
ously woven , 3.1 Kit $ 89.95
190 IF (G-R)I, 1.2 wo und a nd 4 .1 Kit $119.95
200 2 C = (60'H'SQRT(Nj +
600'Nj/F dra w n-t hen
Impregnate d
210 IF (M -C) I, 4, 4 Not Ready For Tri -Band?
w ith ep oxy
220 4 R = G; P = N; Q = H ; S = C res ins. • . . you get the same qual ity
230 I Continue with POLY duo QUAD
ONLY Kit s (15-10) starting as lo w
2"0 3 Continue
260 D = 4.3·LOG(RI $ 5!!..2 as $54.95 and 10 meter
POLY mono QUAD Kits.
270 P,int 6, F, P, Q, D, S, M
280 6 Fo,ma t (6181 The Spreaders with the U1tra·Ylolet Shield
290 7 Continue ••• greater flexural strength ••• superior to anything on the
300 8 Continue market ••• more durable ••• each Zip Glas section Is final·
dipped in rich, sky-blue epo xy palnt ... this final coat te-
310 End slsts all types of weather deteriorat ion •• •blocks out even
the sun's destructive rays •• •adds year s to spreader life.
Run

ANTCST 13,25 WI MON 12/ 11 / 67 Exclusive Unlvera.1

Bed Antenna Ga in fo r Fixed Cost . ONLY Starrnount
Fre q Elem Hght Ga in Cost Max$ $ 8!!..2 At last, a spreader mount
7 I 24 -3 29 1 300 that grows .•. you can start
with a 2 "
7 I 36 - I 394 400
boo m, later
7 2 26 0 486 500 a d d m or e
7 2 34 0 583 600 e lemen ts
14 2 34 3 291 300 on a large r boom without dls-
14 3 36 5 395 400 carding your orlginal St ar-
Fit s mount • . • dle-ca st of ce rro-
14 4 38 7 497 500
2" t o 3" slo n resista nt alumi num alloy
14 4 50 8 600 600 . •• equally rug ged alumi num
boo m
21 4 32 8 297 300 al loy b oo m/ mast adap te r
21 4 50 10 400 400 co mplete wi th hardware.
21 6 46 II 493 500
21 6 60 12 591 600 For further specifications pl u s complete
28 4 50 II 300 300 list of kits and IndivIdual compon ents , write • • •
28 5 60 13 394 400 POLYGON PLASTIC CO.
28 6 70 14 495 500 Division of PIlls/ Steel Products, Inc.
28 6 88 15 590 600 D ept . 16808, 64 Indu str ial Park
Walkerton, Ind. 46574, P hone (21 9) 58&-3122
At Un. No. 3 10: Stop End, R.n 169/6 So e.

MAY 1968 37

a
 170 G = IF"H I t 2"N/220000
-.... " .
'- -. '. Run
. Anyval 13,47 ¥II ¥led 12/27/67
Fortran for Antenna Cost vs. Performance
I Freq Elem Hght Gain Cost
7 3 100 8 1741
I
14 I 100 9 471
21 I 70 9 228
28 I 54 10 137
At line No . 310: Stop End, Ran 72/b Sec.
VANGUARD
MOOEL SOl
Made III USA.
SHIPPING COLLECT
COMPLETE WITH LENS
180 G = IF"H} t2"N/220000
SUB·MINIATURE SOLID STATE Run
TV CAMERA ANTCST 13,41 ¥II ¥lED 12/27/67
FOR CLOSED CIRCUIT OR AMATEUR TV
THE VANGUARD 501 is a completely automatic Best Antenna Gain for Fixed Cost
closed circuit television camera capable of trans- Freq Elem Hght Gain Cost Max$
mitting sharp, clear, nve pictures to one or more
TV sets of your choice via a tow-cost antenna 7 I 24 -8 291 300
eable (RG·59U) up to a distance of 1000 ft. without 7 I 36 -5 394 400
the need for accessories or modifications on the
TV sets. The range can be extended indefinitely by 7 I 48 -2 497 SOO
using line amplifiers at repeated intervals or I:'y 7 I 60 0 600 600
using radio transmitters where regulations permit.
There are hundreds of practical uses in business,
14 I 60 5 300 300
home, school, etc. for any purpose that requires 14 I 82 7 394 400
you or anyone chosen to observe anything taking 14 1 100 9 471 500
place anywhere the camera is placed. Designed for
continuous unattended operation, the all-transistor 14 2 84 10 594 600
circuitry of the 501 consumes only 7 watts of 21 I 94 12 297 300
power.
For compfete specifications 21 2 84 14 396 400
send for our IIIusfrated catalog. 21 3 82 15 491 500
VANGUARD LABS 2I 3 100 17 580 600
196·23 Jamolca Ave. Dept. H Hollis, N.Y. 11423 28 2 84 16 297 300
28 3 90 19 398 400
28 4 96 20 497 500
28 5 100 22 586 600
At Line No. 310: Stop End, R.o 182/6 Sec.
... WA4WWM

,.

-- -
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TIME PAYMENT PLAN AVAILABLE
WE MAINTA IN THE LARGEST STOCK OF USED
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WRITE FOR LATEST COMPLETE LIST

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TDONICS
NEW- I n c o r p . / 3455 Vega Avenue
Cleveland. Ohio 44113

M A Y 1968 39
 A Primer of Basic Antenna Theory
Robert L. Nelson K6ZGQ/5
100 Morning Valley Or.
San Antonio, Texas 78227

Antennas are a very popular subject ciency, capture area and effective height.
amo ng radio amateurs today, as they have These are subjects of which ver y few
been almost from the beginning of radio amateur s seem to have a good grasp today.
science. In fact, of all the pieces of equip- Much is heard about antenna "gain"
ment an amate ur owns the one he probably especially, but few seem to have an exact
spends the most time talking about, both on understanding of what they are speaking
and off the air, is his ante nna. There are about. Perhaps this article will help to clear
at least two good reasons for this. First, up a little of the confusion.
the antennas themselves are pretty simple,
at least from the standpoint of circuitry. Antenna reciprocity
They conta in no transistors or vacuum tubes An antenna can basically be thought of
or other amplifying, osci llating, modulatin g as a device for converting energy from one
or detecting devices, the exact operations form to another. when an electromagnetic
of wh ich are difficul t to comprehend . ( E ~t) wave strikes a n antenna we find that
Antennas are usually simply pieces of wire electrica l power is ava ilab le at its terminals.
or tubing with perhaps a transformer On the other hand, when we apply elec-
thrown in for impedance matching. Thus, trical power to the terminals of the antenna,
they are at least easy to visualize. we find that an EM wave is radiated by
The second reason for the great deal of the antenna. Thus, the antenna is capable
attention antennas get is their performance. of conver ting electrical energy to EM
Every ham who has b een around very long energy, and EM energy to electrical energy.
knows that there is no easier way to improve This property of working b oth "backward
his sta tion's capab ilit ies than to improve his and forward" is called "reciproci ty" and is
antenna. when a significant change for the cha racteristic of antennas.
better is made in the antenna, the improve- Now because the an tenna is only a go-
ment in the sta t ion's ab ility to communicate between for conversion of electrica l to EM
is immediately apparent, on b oth transmis- energy and vice-versa, a complete under-
sion and reception. Seven hundred dollars sta nd ing of even basic antenna theory can-
(the us ual p rice of a storebought kilowatt not be had without also obtaining some
amplifier these days) spent o n an a nte nna basic knowledge about E~l fields, and elec-
insta lla tion will do worlds more good for trical circuits as applied to antennas. Con-
the amateur than will a similar amount seq uently, in this a rticle we sha ll first dis-
spent on a bi g "pair of shoes" for the CllSS some thin gs about EM fields before
excite r. turning to ante nnas themselves. Later we
Also, antennas are popular because they will discuss b asic antenna circuitry.
arc easier to homebrcw than most pieces
of eq uipment, and easier to make operate Electromagnetic fields
properly after their construction. Most of us realize that it is EM fields
Thus, the ante nna deserves its popularity. or "waves" that provide the invisible link
And if this is so, then the simple theory b etween transmitting and receiving sta tions
behind the antenna deserves to be under- in a radio communica tions system. But the
stood by us all. So, the reason for this fact is that no one, even the professionals,
article. These few p ages will discuss the knows just what an E~t field is.
very simple theory of antenna gain, effi- F or several tho usand years men have

40 73 MAGAZINE
known that, after being rubbed, certain moving EM field is the distance the wave
subs tances, amber for instance, would moves during one cycle. For our one
attract other bodies. This was a form of megahertz wave above it is 300,000,000
action at a distance. and came to be called divided by 1,000,000 or 300 meters. This
"electric" a ttraction . Other substances, such relationship between frequency and wave-
as lodestone, could also attract matter at a len gth can be expressed algebraically:
distance, but did not require rubbing. This
sort of attraction became known as "mag- (1 ) c = f~,
netic" to differentiate it fro m electric where: C - speed of light
attraction from which it ap peared to be - 300 million meters/ second
different. These sorts of attraction remained f - frequency, Hertz
a puzzle for thousands of years and to some
x. - wavelength, meters.
degree are still puzzling. But thanks to the
work of James Clerk Maxwell, e ngineers
and physicists today have a mathematical Power d ensity
grip, at least, on the elusive phenomenon If you drop a stone in a quiet pond, small
of electromagnetism. Maxwell's theoretical waves will radiate away from the point
work showed that there was a very definite where the stone struck the water. E ach
relationship between electric and magnetic wave will h ave a circular form around the
fields, and that they were really parts of the starting point, and will move away from
same natural phenomenon. Eventually he the source. Thus we can say that the waves
was ab le to express the relationship between have a circular wavefront.
the elec tric and magnetic fields as a set Now if we visualize a "point source" of
of two mathematical expressions which h ave E~I energy situated in space it is easy to
come to be known as "Maxwell's Equations:' imagine that EM waves will radiate away
These equations have been the foundation fro m the source, and form a spherical wave-
upon which most all mathematical EM front. The surface area of this spherical
theory has been built since. wavefront will of course depend on its dis-
tan ce from the p oint source. From high-
The Trave ling wave school geometry we remember that:
As far as radio systems are concerned S = 4~r',
the most significant feature of EM fields
is their ability to move, that is, to transport where: S surface area of sphere, me-
energy from one place to another. These ters (m')
fields are called "tra veling waves" and are ~ - 3.14
composed of two components, an electric r = radius of sphere, meters.
field component and a magnetic field com-
ponent. If a person were ab le to stand in Then if the p oint source were to radiate
one p lace and watch an EM wave pass b y a certa in amount of e nergy every second
he would see the energy in the wave (i.e. , p ower), the EM power would be dis-
alterna tely in the electric and magnetic tri b uted over an ever increasing surface area
Form. Actually, the transformation of the as a particular wave radiated away from
energy from one form to the other is grad- the source. Notice that the total p ower is n ot
ual (sinusoidal) and is comp lete only at an d iminished , it is just spread over a greater
instant each cycle. and greater area as we move further and
The speed with which the transformation further from the source.
of the energy takes place is known as the The amount of electromagnetic power
frequency of the wave. For examp le, if the conta ined in a unit of surface area on the
transformation from electric to magnetic wave front is termed the "power density"
and back to electric (one complete cycle) of the EM wave, and depends on the dis-
takes place once every millionth of a second, tance from the source :
the frequency of the wave is 1,000,000
cycles per second , or one megahertz. ( 2) D = P
Electromagnetic energy in the form of a 411'"? '
traveling wave moves at a tremendous rate
of speed, about 300,000,000 meters per where : D - power density, watts/rn"
second . The wavelength of a particular P - radiated power, watts.

MAY 1968 41
 Thus we see that as the wavefront moves E'
away from the source, the power density (5) D - 377' and
decreases with the square of the distance
from the source. This decrease of p ower (6) D - 377H' .
density is termed "spherical divergence". It
means that the EM wave is diverging or Summary
spreading out as it moves away from its \Ve have now discussed the very b asic
origin. elements of EM theory necessary to an
As we can see from the above, a very understanding of an tennas. The concep ts of
convenient way of measuring the amplitude point sources, electric an d m agnetic fields,
of an EM field is to measure its p ower frequency, wavelength, power density and
density. Power density is today one of the field stre ngth have been exp lained. Power
most commonly used m easures of E;\I field density and electric and magnetic field
magnitude. strength are particularly important to
understand , because they are what We
Field strength measure in order to determine the am pli-
We mentioned above that the EM field tude of an EM field. Making a measurement
is made up of two components-the elec- of either D, E or H is equivalent to
tric field and the magnetic field. Since the specifying all three, hecause they are all
EM field is capable of transmitting power simp ly related by Equations (3) to (6). We
from one place to an other it seems re ason- are now ready to push on to an tennas them-
able that the power must be embodied in selves.
the two field components, and indeed this \Ve mentioned before that an antenna
is the case. Thus if we were to increase was a reciprocal device-that it worked
the power level (and consequently the both forward and backward. This means
power density), there would necessarily b e that the theory for both transmitting and
a corresponding increase in the strength of receiving antennas must be identical. Thus
the electric and magnetic field components. it is only necessary to discuss one type,
The mathematics which governs the rela- either transmitting or receiving, and the con -
tion between the power density, electric clusion s will be found to hold for both. F or
field strength and magnetic field strength the purposes of this a rticle we will discuss
is quite simple : the antenna from the transmittin g p oint of
view, b ecause it is easiest to visualze. Later
( 3) D = EH, we will have some comments about the re-
ceiving antenna.
where: E - electric field strength ,
volts /meter
H - magnetic field strength, Antenna equivalent circuit
amperes/meter. \ Vhen an antenna is attached to the
output terminals of a transmitter. power
This eq ua tion holds so long as the point flows from the t ransmitter ou tp ut to the
of measurement is at least a few wave- antenna and is radiated electromagnetically.
lengths from the transmitting source, which The antenna loads the transmitter, the
is a reasonable assumption in radio systems. same as an impedance would. Thus the an-
There is also a very simple relation tenna could b e represented, as far as the
between the electric and magnetic field transmitter is concerned , by an impedance.
strengths: Almost always the antenna is tuned to res-
( 4) E = Z.H, ona nce (or nearly so) a t the operating fre-
quency, so that the impedance it presents
where : Z. intrinsic impedance of to the tra nsmitter is purely resistive. T hen
space the inp ut impedance of the antenna is
- 377 ohms- purely res istive, and the antenna could be
represen ted by the simple equivalent cir-
You have probably noticed the similarity cuit of Fig. 1.
between Ohm's Law and Equation (4) In Fig. I , R is a res istance equal in value
above. Now if we combine Equations (3) to the antenna input impedance. The trans-
and (4), we obtain two other simple mitter knows not whether an antenna of
expre ssions for EM power density: input impedance R, or a simple resistor of

42 73 MAGAZINE
 'NT<'" panson to R r • In the extreme case of a
perfect radiator, R1 would b e zero and
Fig_ I. Simplest antenna
1'1 equiva lent circ uit.
then " would be eq ual to 1, or 100%.
\ Vhen R 1 increases from zero the efficien-
cy drops, and if R1 sho uld equal R r , f or
examp le, then 'I] would b e only 1~, or
R ohms is connected to its outpu t tenni- 50%.
nals.
The Isotropic antenna
Radiation efficiency An isotropic a nte nna is one which radi-
Actua lly in a p ractical antenna not a ll ates eq ually well in all directions. It is sim -
of its input power is radia ted as E ~ l signal ilar to the point source which we discussed
energy. Some is also radiated as heat, due before. Such an antenna is a convenien t
to losses in the antenna structure. (Hea t reference to use for m easuring the "gain"
is just another fonn of E ~ l energy. It is "in- of another antenna, although in reality there
coheren t" and at an extremely high fre- is no antenna which is truly isotrop ic.
quency. ) Losses in an antenna structure stem
from several sources : dielectric losses in Antenna gain
supporting insulators, resistive losses in the When discussing the "gain" of an antenna,
antenna syste m cond uctors, losses due to leak- it sho uld b e emp hasized that there are two
age currents over insulators, losses due to cur- kinds of ga in- power ga in and directive
rents ind uced in nearby conductors and the ga in (sometimes called directivity). The
grou nd, and corona loss. T hese losses can two a re related b y a simp le expression
be minimized b y proper design and loca- which includes radiation efficiency:
tion of the antenna.
In order to represent the splitting of the (8) G, = " G"
antenna input p ower into two parts. we w here : C, - antenna power gain
split R into two parts and represent the Cd = antenna di rective gain .
antenna a s in Fig. 2. Here n. rep resents
the portion of the input p ower that is ra- Suppose, for examp le, that an antenna
diated as useful signal power, and is called the with a radiation efficiency of 50% had a
"radiation resistance". R 1 represents that directive ga in of 4 (6 db ). Using Equation
portion of input p ower which is lost as heat, (8) then, power gain would b e ~ times
and is called the "loss resista nce". 4, or 2 (3 db). But wha t do these terms
In order for an antenna to be a good power ga in and d irective ga in mean?
Any antenna wh ich is not isotropic h as
some directive gain . The directive gain is
Fig. 2. Antenna eq uivale nt circuit.
" only a measure of t he ability of the an te nna
indudn g effe ct of losses. R, is the
radi ation resistance, R1 t he loss re- to radiate in one direction to the exclusion
sistance. of others. In other words, directive ga in is
" a m easu re of the shape of the "radi ation
p attern" of an antenna, as compared with
radiator, it should have very low R1 in the circular shape of the radiation p attern
relation to R r, or in other words. by f ar of an isotropic antenna.
the greates t p ortion of antenna inpu t power Power ga in, on the other hand , includes
sho uld b e radiated as u seful signal. The not only the shape of the radiation pattern,
"radia tion efficiency" of an an te nna is ex- b ut a lso the size of the pattern , or, in
pressed mathematically like this: other words, it measures how e ffectively

(7)
R, + R, the antenna radiates in a particular direc-
, tion.
" = R, An example should serve to make the
where : ." - radia tion efficiency above concepts clear . In Fig. 3 we h ave
R, - radiation resistance, oh ms the rad iation p atterns (in two dimensions)
RI loss resistance, ohms of three antennas-a 100X efficient iso-
tropic antenna (antenna A). and two di-
If we desire to maximize this radiation ef- rective arrays, each with a directive gain
ficiency, we wan t R 1 to b e sm all in com- of 4 . One of the directive arrays, antenna

MAY 1968 43
 ANT "01"

SPECIAL --
, , ... -- ... ,,

TV CAMERA , . ., •

PARTS KIT Fig. 3. Radiation patterns of three antennas, one

isotropic.
ONLY
B, has a radiation efficiency of 1m, and
the other. antenna C. an '1 of only 25%.
$99.95 Notice that the shape of the patterns of an-
tennas B and C is the same. only the size is
different. Also note that in the favored direc,
including vidicon and lens! tion, antenna C is no more effective a radia-
tor than the isotropic. Nonetheless it has di-
To me.t th e many requests for .. low-priced
solid date TV camera tit, we have made avail. rective gain, due to its ability to radiate
able from our fadory stock the following parts better in the favored direction than in others.
which you can assembl. at very little additional Antenna B, on the other hand, has the
expense into e supe rb TV eemeee. Included in same directive gain as antenna C, since the
the kit are the following :
1) Completely assembled and tested video shape of its radiation pattern is the same.
amplifier plug-In circuit board with a 10- But its efficiency is four times greater, and
transistor 6 MHz bandwidth amplifier and thus, as shown in the diagram, is a much
keyed clamp with adlustable pedestal and more effec tive radiator in the favored di-
sync mixer.
2) Completely assembled plug-in sweep cir- rection.
cuit board with 8 transistor and 5 diode The power gain of antenna B is, from
horllontal and vertical sweep generators Equation (8) :
and amplifiers featuring exceUent linearity
and more than enough drive for f " vidicons. G, (antenna B) = "G, = 1x4 = 4 (6db ).
3) Excellent quality defledlon yoke and
focus coli with beam alignment magnets and For antenna C, the power gain is:
raster positioning adiustment. Also included
Is the vidicon tube clamp and tarCJet con- G, (ante nna C) = ~ x4 = 1 (0 db ).
nector.
4) Camera tested vidicon excellent for The G p , Gd and ~ for the three an-
amateur use and matched to the deflectIon tennas is surrunarized in Fig. 4.
assembly above.
5) Good quality Fl.9 or better achromatic
lens with matchinCJ lens mount. ........ •, • , C
Note: All items are brand new except vidicons ~E" GAIN, Op
•
which we guarantee will work with the parts kit
supplied when assembl ed according to the sche- OI"E~l::
calN. G
, • •
matic and ad justed accord ing to normal pro. ItAO....T ION
E" 1C1OCf. R
, , ,~

cedure. Since step-by-step instructions are not

available. we recommend this kit only to those Fig.... A summarization of the power gain. dlree-
who can follow a schematic.
tlve gain a nd radiation efficiency for the antennas
Due t o the low price and limited quantity, we
cannot sell the above components separately. of Fig. 3.
When our present stock is exhausted , it will cost
at lea st $160.00 to repeat th is offer. Order now Power gain can also be thought of as
to avoid disappointment. the power density of the EM wave radiated
by a directive antenna in its favored di-
rection, divided by the power density ra-
VANGUARD LABS diated by a 1000; efficient isotropic anten-
na in the same direction. In Fig. 3 antenna
Dept. H B gives twice as much field strength in the
196·23 Jimilci Ave., Hollis, NY 11423 desired direction than does the isotropic
antenna. And since power density. from

44 73 MAGAZINE
 Equation (5) , is pro p 0 r t i o n a I t o field
stren gth squared , it gives four times as much
power density. Thus its power gain is 4.
- - " ,

Antenna C, on the other hand, gives iden- ·9"(J'

tically the same field strength, and th ere-
fore power density, as the isotropic, and '1 j~ ,j:
thus its power ga in is 1. From this it can .• .~
'''''-
- -.,!-:::,
).
be seen tha t power gain can b e determined
.-. -

from an antenna's radiation pattern.

]I
c=J
At this point let's look at a p ractical ex-
ample of power gain versus directive gain.
A three-element yagi, optimally designed
and ad justed, has a m aximum directive gain
FTux-400
of about 11.7 (10 .7 db ). H owever, if load- LOOKING FOR THE FTdx 400?
ing coils or traps are added to the elements Scott ' Radio Supply invites you to see the finest
to decrease their size, or provide for a uto- 5 Band Transceiver available today. Complete
ma tic b andswitching, the efficie ncy is de- coverage 80 through 10 meters with a 500 W
creased due t o losses in the wire from which power rating. Features a double convers ion, V z
microvolt receiver, built in power supply, VOX,
the coils are wound. If the efficiency is de- 100 KC and 25 KC calibrators, built _in cryst al
creased to as little as 80% (not an un- oscillator which offers four selectable channel
realistic figure in the case of tri-band beams), positions, offset tu ning tor both receive r and
the power gain will suffer by about 1 d b . transmit functions. side tone and break in keying.
Other than a match ing speaker at $1 4.95. all the
Of course this small p rice has been paid usu al accessories are built in to the FTdx 400
for added flexibility in the antenna system. at only $599.95.
No rmally power ga in and directive gain
are measured with respect to an isotropic
ante nna, as we h ave done in t he examples SCOTT RADIO SUPPLY. INC.
above. H istorically this h as not always 266 Alamitos Ave. • long Beach , Calif. 90802
been the case, h owever. In the earlier days
of radio, gain was most often measured with
respect to a h alf-wave dipole antenna, and
this is still done today in the amateur ra-
dio community. The gain (either power or
directive) is less when mea sured with re-
spect to a dipole than with respect to an GET YOUR NEW
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good measure here because it includes b oth
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~
In a receiving system, the important type ca INC
of antenna gain depends on noise, and its Dept. 8,4844 W. FullertonAve.
Chicago, III. 60639
 origin. If the largest p ortion of the receiver
outp ut noise originates in the receiver it-
self, p ower gain is necessary in the antenna.
T his is normally the case in the frequency
range above about 30 MHz. But if the out-
BTl LK-2000 put noise originates external to the receiv-
in g system, such as is the case with atmos-
LINEAR pheric no ise b elow 30 MHz, then only d i-
AMPLIFIER rective gain is necessary in the antenna.
Normally b elow 30 M Hz we amateurs u se
For 55B, CW, RTTY an antenna with high power gain for both
Maximun legal input receiving and transmitting, since it allows
Full loading SO-10M us to get by with only one an tenna. W hen
Rugged Eimac 3-TOOOZ transmitting th e power gain is necessary to
Dependable operation
system effectiveness, but fo r receiving it is
Easy to load and tune
not, although it certainly does no harm. By
No flattopping with ALe
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Distinguished console
Instant t ransmit anyway) we could use a physically much
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BTl AMATEUR DIVISION
Summary
Hofstrom Technical Products Some important conclusions can now be
4616 Santa Fe , Son Diego, Ca. 92109 stated from our study of antenna gain. First,
when speaking of antenna «gain" two
things m ust be stated fo r clarity-the type
of gain referred to, power or directive, and
the reference, isot ropic or dipole. Second,
, high radiation efficiency, w hile always de-
sirab le in a transmitting antenna is not
~-LJ!J" necessary for receiving antennas b elow
_. ~M 30 MHz where the large majority of the
CAMP ALBERT BUTLER INVITES receiver output noise originates outside the
HAM RADIO ENTHUSIASTS OF ALL AGES
antenna. W ith low efficiency both the signal
PREPA RE FOR YOUR ADVANCED
A N D EXTRA L I CENSE I N A DD ITION T O and noise are red uced proportionate ly in
GENERAL CLASS TICKET the antenna, and therefore the signal-to-
T H IS SUMMER I OUR 8th S EASON noise ratio is largely unaffected.
NOVICES, TECHNICIANS AND C.B. 'en
ESPECIALLY TAKE NOTE Receiving Antennas
This ee-ed Amat eur Ita dlo Call1P, Y.M.e.A. owned and operated
cal! accommoda te 60 campers . There Is no age I1mlt. We have So far as trans mitting antennas are con-
had campe rs trom 7 through 'l4 yea n of age. I t lB fer)' h elpfUl If
you can copy sw um or have . Novice or Tec hnician ticket but It cerned, we have now covered the basics,
Is not r,ecenary. T ime Is divided between radio classes 'In code
Bnd theory and th e usua l camp ecu vtue s. such as HWlmm lne but for receiving antennas we have more
a rchery, riflery, hiki ng , etc. Golf pr ivileges are Included at t he
beautiful New River Coun try Club course work to do. W hile the antenna p arameters
Enti re UatT consists or lice nsed hams 'who a re Instru ctors In
s lectr lcal englnee rinll In some o r our fin est colleges e nd unlv er-
we have specified and described above for
sines. Cam p opens A UIl. 3 sn d closes Aug. 17. Tuition of
117.'1.00 I ncludes til camp expens es : room. meats, noteboob. text_
tran smitting antennas are also adequate for
books. and Insu ra nce. Send tor our hrochu re. receiving antennas, two other unique t erms
1-----·-----------------
e. I
L. Pete". K4DNJ
have come into great usa ge t o describe re-
I Gen~1'al ."iIlCrtfa1'lI I ceiving ante nnas, capture area and effec-
I Gllvl.. Roth V.M.e.A ., Elkin, North Carolina tive height.
Please I"nd me t he Bookll.t and Application Blan k tor the 1
1I Camp Alber t B utl er Radio Ses81on. I
1 NAME I Capture Area
CIT -
!
I ~~~~ES·S··· ..······································..···................................. W hen using an antenna for receivin g p ur-
I p oses, it is usually desirable to know the
I Y ····· ······ STATE ............ ZIP
amo unt of signal p ower available fr om the
46
13 MAGAZINE
antenna output, to be supplied to the re- Large capture area is essential if a VHF
ceiver input. From the power density of antenna is to be highly effective for receiv-
the EM field of the signal we know the ing purposes. But Equation (9) sho ws that
amount of power per unit area in the field. capture area decreases with the square of
If we knew the effective capture area of wavelength . Therefore. as we go to higher
the receiving antenna, then, we could find frequencies, and consequen t shorter wave-
the power available from the antenna le ngths, power gain must be rapidly in-
simply by multiplying the power density and creased if we are to maintain a respectable
capture area together. Thus, the capture capture area. The result of all this is that
area is the ratio of the power available at high ly effec tive VHF antennas are just as
the antenna terminals to the power density physically large as those for the lower fre-
of the intercep ted EM field. Cap ture area quencies, despite the shorter wavelengths.
is related to the power gain of the antenna, They must be in order to develop the pro-
and the wavelength of the field by: portionately higher power gains necessary
to maintain a high capture area.
Capture area is coming to be used more
( 9) and more today as a measure of VHF and
UHF receiving antenna effectiveness. His-
where : A = antenna capture area. torically, however. antenna «e f f e c t i v e
Let's take a simple example. Say the wave- height" came first, and we will explain that
length is 7.1 meters and Gjl of the an- next.
tenna is 8 (9 db ). T he capture area then Effedive height
. 8 7.1 x 7.1 32 Th Back in the d ays when regular AM broad-
IS x 4 x 3 .14 = square meters . en
cas ting was getting its start, the amplitude
if the p ower den sity of the EM field striking of an EM field was most often specified by
the antenna were 2 nanowatts per square its electric fie ld strength, E . Power density
meter. the power available at the antenna was very seldom used. Consequently, an an-
terminals would be 2 x 32 == 64 nanowatts. tenna «transfer function" was needed which
--------------------------------------------,
I I

iI 73 SUBSCRIPTION BLANK II
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I in postal rates, o bvious ly 73 is g oing to ha ve to ra ise the subscri ptio n ra tes soon. I
I They are still the same fo r now. I
I
I $ 5 one yea r $3 VHF Ante nnas
I
I $ 9 two yea rs $3 Pa ram etric Amp s
I $12 t hree yea rs $1 Transistor Ckts
I $50 LIFE $1 Diode Circuits
I
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$ 3 DX Handbook $3 RSGB Data Hand book

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-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
MAY 1968 47
 was based on field strength rather than
UGHTSI ACTIONI CAMERAl power density. The term settled on was
"effective height", and it was defined in
terms of the voltage measured at the an-
tenna terminals with no load connected
across those terminals (the open-circuit
voltage):
( 10)
antenna open-circuit tenninal voltage
L - electric field strength, E
- antenna effective height.
SMILE ••• You're on TV This cho ice has turned out to be a bit
ambiguous for two reasons. First, for a given
Just thlnld Televising your family and ...fatlv" on field amplitude, it gives only the voltage
1M living room TV s.t with YOUR OWN TV CAMERA..
'nferested?? No motter wh eth.r you',. considering a available fro m the an tenna. Ths is ambig-
camela built primaril y from lunltbox pclrts or from a
complete kit, ATV RESEARCH hal lu st what you n••d. uous for a given antenna because it depends
Over 8 different tube C1nd transistor models to ••Iect
from. STARTER KITS $18.95 up • •• MAJOR COM4
on where the antenna is fed. If the feed
PONENTS KITS "8.2.5 up • • • COMPLETE KITS terminals of a dipole antenna, for examp le,
(transistorized & prin ted (Irevit) $149..50 up.
Get stgrted ' n this FASCINATING HOBBY today by
are located at its center the open-circuit
w riting for (I copy of our NEW 1968 (ololog , It ·con.. voltage is much lower than when the ter-
lolnl a comprehe nsive listing of kils, lenses, vidicon
tubes, triplx iI, focus/deflection coils (bot h regular and minals are located a good deal off center.
.Iow sean); pi",. pfo"s , automa tic light kit. , charts, And besides, it takes power to drive a re-
. tc. PleaM Incl ude 1~ to cover COlt of moiling.
'dabll,h.rI deal.r Inqul,•• Invl,.rI. cerver anyway.
Second, the term "height" has proved to
P.O. BO X /ilr;"ilM fi)1<!~1<!/ilr.)(?flIl O.k,la CllY. be unfortunate because it implies how high
453 .5 W U 'LJ l.A1~~Wl.A1~Ln.J Nebr. 68731
the antenna is above ground, which con-
notation is purely incidental. A much better
SPACE AGE KEYER word here would have been "length", and
indeed it is now coming into wide usage.
An amateur fre quencies and higher, an-
Only tenna capture area is gradually replacing
$67.50 the usage of effective height, especially
among professionals . Its usage among ama-
teurs should also be encouraged, but the
old term is still hanging on with real te-
nacity.

Conclusion
This article sho uld have given you a basic
insight into antenna theory. The knowledge
you have gained will enable you to interpret
antenna literature more wisely, and this in
• Plana r epi ta xial in tegrated circuits for reli- turn will mean better antennas at your sta-
abi lity. No tubes- No se p ara te tran sistors. tion for the dollars you have to spend .
• Precision feather-touch ke y buill-in. . . . K6ZGQ ! 5
• Fully digital-Do r-da sh ratio always per-
fe ct;
• No p ola rity prob lems-Floating contacts
sw itch l-amp. CLUB SECRETARIES NOTE
• Rugg ed so lid construction-will not walk. C lub m embers would d o we ll t o g , t thei r club
• Send QSl or postcard for fre e brochu re. $ec ret" rle s to d rop " lin e t o 7l and uk fo r t he specte l
cl u b subscript io n $che me th"t we have ev o lved. This
plan not o nly sav es each dub m ember money , it a lso
brings badl y needed lo ot into the c lub treasury, If d e.
sired . W rite : C lub Finagle , 7J Magazine, Peter Boro
PALOMAR Ugh. New Ham Shlr, 03458.

ENGINEERS
BOX 455, ESCONDIDO, CAL. 92026
 1968 HAMFEST
AT 73

C01ne on up
JuLy 6th and visit
New Hampshire

Mountain for one of the p anoramas of a

lifetime. W e'll see the beautiful Old Man's
Foot Basin . W e'll stop off at Clark's T rading
Ever since our last h am fest, in 1965, every- Post and see and hear some of the old time
one has been after us to have a repeat music boxes and see the trained bears.
performance. The editorial in F eb ruary ex- \ Ve'U visit the historic Morse Museum and ,
plained some of the reasons for the delay. if we can work it in, climb through the
T his year we are going to do it again. caverns of Lost River.
July 4th comes on Thursday this year, so New York is just a little over 300 miles
we will schedule our H amfest for Saturday, of turn pike driving away, so those that h ave
July 6 th. W e'll try to h ave lots of enter- to get back can m ake it Sunday evening.
tainment for you on Saturd ay. \Ve'll have For the rest we can drive or take the cog
more details on this later, but it looks as if railway to the top of Mount W ashington on
the VHF gan g will have a chance to bring Monday m ornin g. The more athletic can
their 144 and 432 MH z antennas for a start from th e cog railwav station at the
measurin g contest r un by Leger Labora- base and climb the mountai~.
tories. I expect that Andre of Vanguard will
This will b e an outing that the whole
be up here with all of h is latest prod ucts;
family will enjoy. T here are m any beauti ful
plus many other 73 advertisers.
picnic spots near Peterborough and we show
w e'll organize an auction of gear, so bring
them on a special m ap th at we h ave printed
stuff you want to sell and lot's of monev
of the Xl onad nock region of New H amp sh ire.
to grab the bargains. Last time thousand's
You can get one of these m aps when you
of dollars worth of gear changed h ands and
arrive or send us a SASE and we will send
I'm afraid the b uyers got some incredible
you one right away. T his m ap also shows
bargains. points of interest in this area, restaurants,
Saturday evening I will show some of the etc.
slides of m y DXpedition to those interested
Mobileers will want to try their luck from
in seeing some pictures of weird places.
the top of P ack Monadnock , just 3.5 miles
Early Sunday m orning we will form a
east of the 73 h eadquarters. You can drive
caravan heading north into the White Moun-
right to the top of thi s mount ain and get
tain s, about 100 miles away. There we will
a straight shot right into Boston and down
visit some of the tourist attractions that have
m ad e New H ampshi re th e most visited to New York.
tourist state in the E ast . \Ve will see the At any rate, if you can get away for a
famous Old Stone F ace , the great New couple of d ays or so, why not join us up here
Hampsh ire Man of the Mountains. \Ve'U at 73 for a couple of d ays of fun and sigh t-
see and walk up through the Flume. W e'll seeing around New H ampshire?
• • • W 2 NSD /I
take the tramway to the top of Canon
49
MAY 1968
 Norma n B. Watson W6Dl
550 1 Via d el Va ne
Torran ce, C alifor nia

Triangular Loop Beam 7 thru 28 MHz

Introductio n Antenna d esign crite ria
The writer, returning to amateur com- The following criteria for an amateur
munications after thirty years away from antenna were traded off in evolution of the
it, found antennas a source of interest . Ac- triangular-loop -beam :
cordingly, during two years wh ile part of
spare time available was being spent in ob- • Operation on 7 thru 28 MHz bands
taining an extra class license and building • Rotary beam to maximize effectiveness
a tilting tower, a research program was car- • 3 to 5 dB gaio 0 0 7 MHz and 8-9 d B
ried out oriented to a few long-wire antennas, gain on 14, 21 and 28 MHz as com-
such as the rhombic, and to beam antennas. p ared to a dipole
Calculations and literature re search cover- • KW power capability
ing log-p eriodic dipoles an d monopoles, • Hi gh radiation efficiency
helices and phased arrays together with ex- • Withstand 85 mph winds coupled
perimentation led to design of the antenna w ith ice loads
described herein. This antenna incorporates • Turning ra dius of 17 feet maximum
on a 28 foot outrigger boom, four triangular • Minimum weight and cost com men-
loop elements comprising a two-element surate with design capable of amateur
beam on 7 MHz and four-element beams on constructio n.
14, 21 and 28 MHz. Apertures and gain of
a number of element configurations are Loo p Bea m vs Helix
compared and experiments with square and The multiple loop beam antenna is merely
trian gular loops are covered . a special case of the axial mode h elix an-

6' 11-112"
"I 14 '0"

'><n"_
6' IHI2'

'<Hn'
-
12-5/8
I-~"- """'- OZ· I- ,.,. - .".

FLANGE

'l /
( SEE DETAILI

;::: I ""'=ll: , I
t:c: I

om. "~
5I!e' 01" HRS
14 1 PLACES
~.
........
..'" .J
1- 1/2 "00rc• •06!!i
"""'"WALl..
"'"
••
LEFT EXT ENSION . 30" LG STEEL TUBING RIGHT EXTENSION
CENTER SECTION

-~ I {~' f
V 8" BLACK PIPEl
!lIS" HRS ' - - - - -

.- ..
( 21171&4" 0lA--
V I.,':'.
-.i..
H IlE>"
,.",,'

tiIOT -OI P GALVANtZE

" L L PIlRTS f
I ,,'
l
V~~
L".J ~

FLANGE DETAIL SECTION .....

Fig. I, TrU$S boom eenstructlen deta ils

50 13 MAG AZIN E
 tenna in which the helix p itch is zero. The space ch arge around the antenna increases.
other extreme of the helix is a straight wire, If one were to select a beam a ntenna ele-
when the helix is stretched out until its ment from only the data of Table 1, the I II
diameter becomes zero. The multiple loop wavelength loop would be the logical
p arasitic antenna and the axial mode helix choice; however, the H2 wavelength loop for
when b oth of one wavelength in circumfer- 14 MHz on a 28 foot boom requires a clear
ence exhibit equivalent gain when the boom tu rning area of 23 feet which is more space
length is less than about ~ wavelength. For tha n many of LIS have available. The turn-
longer boom lengths the helix outperforms ing radius criteria of 17 feet Incidentall y
the parasitically driven antenna. For the resulted from consideration of space avail-
able on an average metropolitan area lot
less than ~ boom lengtb , the greatest dif- to swing a beam without invadin g neighbor-
ferences apparent between the two antennas ing air space or encountering obstructions
are that the helix has a bandwidth of al- when working with it on the tower.
most 1.7 to 1 of the design wavelength
(much hroader than the loop ) and the loop
has a better front to back ratio than the Square vs triangular loop
helix. The q uestion arises: How do the trian gu-
The helix requires a ground plane of 0 .8 lar and square loops compare in perform-
wavelength d ia meter behind it to be really ance? T able 1 shows that the triangular
effective. If one considers use of the helix loop of one wavelength periphery has 96.5
for 14 MHz a ground plane 56 feet in di- per cent the gain of the sq ua re loop. Com-
a me ter b ecomes a real structural problem parison of the patterns and gain of the two
for the amateur. The parasitic loop beam loops on near and D X signal reception
antenna uses a reflecting loop instead of over a six month p eriod of time revealed
the ground pl ane and is somewhat easier to the following information. The triangular
build. loop when oriented with one trian gle apex
The writer, in extrapolating axial mode down and fed at the lower apex ( horizont al
helix d ata for the one-wave-length pitch polarization ) has two major lobes concentric
circumference helices and comparing it with with the loop axis in the horizon tal plane
var ious data for performan ce of p arasitic and broadside to the loop plane. Since it
beams, concluded that a fou r-element para- is a single loop, it radiated in two directions
sitic loop antenna using loops of one-wave- like a d ipole and it has two main lobes in
length in circu mference and a b oom length each of these directions about 20 off the
0

of 0.4 wavelen gth should turn out an honest loop axis. \ Vhen oriented with one apex
10.5 d B gain as compared to an isotropic of the loop-up and fed either at the top
radia tor or about 8 d B more th an a dipole. apex or th e center of the lower horizontal
A boom length of 0.4 wavelength at 14 leg of the triangle (horizontal polarization )
~IH z was therefore adopted as meeting the one broad lobe can be de tected at right
d esign criteria. This boom length is 0.2 angles to the loop plane in two directions.
wavelength at 7 ~I Hz and is satisfactory for Th is pattern is similar to a dipole.
a two-elemen t fold ed dipole beam having a The square loop (horizontally polarized)
gain of about 3 dB over a dipole. exhibited two lobes in the horizontal p at-
tern about like the triangular loop orien ted
Element apertures, gain and with one apex down . Los Angeles stations
radiation resistance about 10 miles away could b e comple tely
Many a mate urs are aware that the gain nulled with either the single, square or tri-
of an antenna is proportional to its "cap- a ngular loop, alt hough the trian gular loop
ture area," (also called aperture, intercept seem s to be slightly better than the square
area, or cross section ). Apertures and gain loop in front to side ratio and also slightly
of several element confi gura tions are tabu- b roader in pattern than the square loop .
lated in Table 1 together with radiation re- One othe r point of interest was noticed and
sistance. In comparing antennas or antenna that is that the triangular loop is better
elements it is well to bear in mind that as than the square loop on QSB when oriented
the radiation resistance of the antenna in- wit h one apex straigh t up.
creases, the power radiated to a distant The diamond configuration sq uare loop
point as op posed to the power stored as a and th e triangular loop were also mounted

MAY 1968 51

•
 " 0' VERTICAL
".

--- .....,...
!lOOIlI. 101/4'0.0. • .0&5
WALL WELDED ST EEL
"".", "

11' 6 " 1... ·DI A

STE EL
ORl'ltN ELEMENT
14,2 1, 28 MH,

E 'Ie;.. 3
EVE f3 REDOI
3'0'

FIRST DIRECTOR
14.21.28 MH'
~I~FOR
I..... OIA ROPE

SECOND DIRECTOR
14,21.28 MH,
1------ ",' - - _
IV32" DRILL
DRIVE'" ELEMENT FOR 5/16" 8Ol.T
r... OUTRIGGER B REDOI
TURNBUCI<LE AHOtOR
(, REDOI

Fig. 2. Outrigg er Boom Details

on a tilting fixture and gain was measured F = (.)'C. A/39 1

at va rious angles of inclination of the plane Where: F wind force on structure
of the loop to the vertical. T he tilting op- in lbs
eration originated from a desire to see if the " = wind speed in mph
one wavelength diamond loop really acted C. - d rag coefficient which
like a rhombic as has been hypothesized in should be taken as 1.7 for
some diamond quad articles. It does not amateur antennas or tow-
from the author's measurements. The effect ers
of tiltin g: up or d own from an initial posi- A - Area in square feet of an-
tion w ith the loop vertical is to decrease the tenna in a vertical plane
low angle ra diation of the antenna because (that is at right angles to
the horizontally radiating aperture is de- a horizontal wind force)
creased. Also. the one wavelength diamond
loop is not a uniform traveling wave an - Using an 85 mph wind criteria for the an-
tenna like the rhombic or the helix; it is tenna yields a force per square foot of ve r-
simply a resonant, standing wave ra diator tically disposed antenna area of:
and its gain over a dipole results from the
F = (85)' (1.7) ( 1) /391 = 31.5 #/sq. ft.
larger aperture of the one-wavelength of
wire (see Table 1) . \ Vind loads for va rious wind velocities are
tabulated on Tahle 6.
Wind loads Antenna boom design
The primary structural load on the multi- Three commonly used designs for beam
loop beam is wind force . For practical de- antenna booms are ( in their order of in-
sign purposes the win d force on an an- creasing complexity of construction): ( 1)
tenna or tower is given b y: the self supporting type fabricated from

52 13 MAGAZINE
 TABLE I
ANTENNA PARAMETERS

Effective Gain Over Radiation

Aperture Isotropic Resistance
Antenna Element (Square Directivity Source (ohms)
Wavelengths) • ( DB.)
Isotropic Source 0.08 1.0 0
112 Wavelength Linear 0.13 1.64 2.15 73
I Wavelength Linear 0.142 loB 2.55 93
11 12 Wavelength Linear 0.15B 2.0 3.0 106
1J2 Wavelength (Open End)
Folded Tri<1ngularly 0.126 1.59 2.0 75
I Wavelength Triangular
Loop 0.145 I.B3 2.63 140
IIh Wavelength (Open End)
Folded Triangularly 0.2 2.51 4.0 110
r Wavelength Square Loop 0.147 1.86 2.7 140

• Directivity = Maximum effective aperture divided by maximum effective aperture of isotropic source. An
isotropic source is one which radiates power equally in all directions.

6061-T'1 aluminum or mild steel tubing; (2) wind forces by 30 per cent over a square
tubing strengthened with outrigger tension loop, a structure such as shown in Fig. 1
members consisting of solid rod . steel cable is required for a 28 foot boom. The com-
or nylon rope and (3 ) the truss. As an ex- plete antenna weighs 65 lbs. using this
ample of strength of the tubin g hoom and truss. The Fig. 1 structure was built by
of the wind forces which are exerted on the author for this antenna as a first ap-
the loop antenna, a two-element quad on a proach. 11 required 70 hours to build the
10 foot boom of 1.5 diameter x 0.058 wall boom whi ch was forthwith completely
steel tubing is stressed to the bending point ruined by the galvanizer when handled
of the material (elastic limit ) in a steady with a bundle of heavy tower sections. Time
state wind of 60 mph (calculated) . was not immediately available to make a
In section 3.0 it was stated that a 0.4 second truss, therefore, the outrigger con-
wavelength long boom is required for a struction was utilized at a sacrifice in boom
Four-element loop antenna to achieve the weight. The design shown in Fig. 2 uses
8.0 dB gain stated in the design criteria of three outriggers attached to the boom three
section 2.0. At 14 MHz the 0.4 wavelength feet from the end so that the boom carries
is 28 feet. Applying the wind load of 3 1.5 a combined bending and column (compres-
lbs/ sq ft for an 85 mph wind to design of a sion ) load . This boom required 30 hours to
28 foot long steel tubing hoom to support build and the resultant antenna weighs 77
four square loops reveals that a 4 inch a.D. lbs. 11 is designed for 85 mph wind loads
x 0.134 wall is required and th at the an- and an 80 Ib total ice load.
tenna will weigh 190 lbs. While the tubing
boom is simple to construct, 190 lbs weight Element spacing trade-offs
is excessive for many tow ers, including the Any multi-band beam represents a com-
author's home brew tilting tower. Truss promise between element spacings for the
construction is attractive as a means of re- various bands in terms of antenna gain and
ducing weight because the truss places di- bandwidth. The basic trade-off factors are
reet axial tension and compression loads on as follows :
the framework members ( elimination of
bending loads ) and thereby achieves a max- • An element spacing of 0.12 yields
imum strength to weight ratio. If one uses maximum gain for up to three ele-
the triangular loop to decrease loop weight ments on the beam.
by 25 per cent over a square loop and loop • With a fourth element added a spac-

MAY 196B 53

•
 TABLE 2
ELEMENT SPACING

Spacing for Actual Spacing in Wavelengths

Mexl mum
Gain 7.15 MHZ 14.17 MHZ 21.25 MH Z 28.7 MHZ
(Wave lenqthsl ,= 137.5' ,= 69.4' x = 46.2' =
x 34.2'
Reflector to
Driven Elem ent 0.1 18 0.204 0.1 18 0. 177 0.238
Drive n to
First Director 0.12 0 .12 0 .18 0.243
First Director t o
Second Director 0.3 0. 167 0.25 0.338

iog of 0.3 wavelength between first

and second directors seems to yield
optimu m gain.
• As the element spacing is increased
grad ually over a practical range from DRILL 9152 " OIA FOR
1/4" BOLTS-(4 PLACES)
0. 12 to 0.2 wavelength the gain drops
and the antenna bandwidth increases.
• D ecreasing director spacing and in-
creasing reflector spacing from the 0.12
w avelen gths op timum will reduce gain
and increase front to h ack ratio.
Table 2 shows the element spacing used
by the author for a 7, 14, 2 1 and 28 M Hz
band com prom ise; two elements on 7 and
four elements on the other bands.
2", 2 " , 118" STEEL
Element wire lengths A NGLE , 4 "LG
(2 REDO- CUT AS

\ Vire lengths of one wavelength driven ele-

TOP VIE W
""""
ments can be calculated from 1 ~ 11800 /£
where 1 = length of wire in inches and
f = resonant frequency in MHz.
Sufficient b a n d w i d t h fo r th e amateur SOC KET FOR TOP
bands covered by the an tenna is obtained QUT RIGGER
/ " 1-1/4" 0.0. , .065
when the reflector wire length is made 5 ¥' WALL. 2" LG
( TYPICAL OF 5)
per cent longer than the driven element;
the first director is mad e 2..5 per cent shorter
than th e driven element and the second
director is made 2.5 per cent shorter th an SOCKET SOCKET FOfl
_ _ _ SIDE
the first director. FOR SlOE
OUTRIGGER _~ OUT RIGGE R

Table 3 shows 'w ire lengths and frequen-

cies used b y the author. Wire len gths were
calculated and strung on the frames with
no attempt made to tun e th em since the
loop at its resonant frequency has very CEN TER POST TO
...-ROTOR- WELO TO
little indu ct ance and any extraneous capa- UNDERSIDE OF
AN GLE IRON
citance, introduced from measuring equip-
ment or the human b odv. , is sufficient to
throw it off frequency. The accuracy of the END VIEW

wire length formula had b een checked pre-

viously in building the single loops and the
wire length va ria tions for reflector and di-
rectors resu lted from tabulation of much Fi g . 3. C e nter Post To Boo m C onstruction

54 73 MAGAZINE
 TAILI 3
WIRE LENGTHS IN INCHES

Frequency-Band
28.7 MHZ
7.15 MHZ Dipole 3~ Folded
Element 14.17 MHZ loop 21.2S MHZ Loop
-2
Refl ector 846 883 582 635
Driven 806 833 555 602
1st Dir 812 541 586
2nd Dir 792 528 572

data by others. The two 7 MHz elements

are not loops; they are H: wavelength wires
I iM"ITYPICALJ

1-114" K.o1S' WALL.-...J

folded into an equilateral triangular shape. STEEL Tl.IllHG .-
The 7 MHz antenna uses the two end
spiders on the boom. The 14 and 21 MHz •
antennas use one-wavelength loops and the
28 MHz antenna uses l~ wavelength wires
folded into an equilateral triangular shape
with the upper ends separated. A 6 inch
spreader is needed between legs of the 7
and 14 MHz wires on the two end elements
to keep them separated; ~ inch diameter
lucite works well. Fig . 4. See Text.

Feed point impedances parallel which yields a 100 ohm section.

All driven loops of the ante nna are fed Lengths of the J: wavelength matching sec-
at the center of the bottom, horizontal wire. tions from the antennas to the switch are:
Dependent upon height of the antenna and 7 MHz-24.75 ft; 14 MHz-12.32 ft; 21
proximity to surrounding objects, imped- MHz-8.21 ft ; 28 MHz-6.08 ft .
ances of the antenna will be found to be The above method of antenna feed re-
close to the following: 7 MHz-45 ohms; sults in close matching across the bands, a
14 MHz-50 ohms; 21 MHz-80 ohms and low SWR and the feed to the antenna is
28 MHz-55 ohms. Many methods of feed balanced for low noise reception of DX
have been published and will not be re- signals. If an antenna switch is used it is
.
Important ' the
that it switch both sides of
peated here . One fact is very pertinent con-
cerning feeding loop antennas; that is, in transmission line completely isolating the
relation to nearby sources of RF interfer- driven elements not in use. Switching of one
ence the loop will respond only to the mag- wire, such as the center conductor of un-
netic component of the interfering field if balanced coax with all of the shields of
it is balanced. (That is, it will not respond the coax antenna feed lines remaining con-
to the electrostatic field and will therefore nected, results in degraded performance
pick up less interference with balanced over complete isolation.
feed.) The feed system used by the author
uses double shielded 125 ohm twin lead Construction notes
coax from the transmitter to an antenna Both the truss boom of Fig. 1 and the
switch at the top of the mast. The switch outrigger boom of Fig. 2 are constructed
completely isolates those antennas not in
use. The 75 ohm, twin lead ~ wavelength
1--- L -----I
lines (not shielded ) run from the antenna
selector switch to the 7, 14 and 28 MHz .
antennas. A ~ w avelength line from the
switch to the 21 MHz driven loop is formed
from three pieces of 300 ohm TV lead in Fig. 5. See Text.

MAY 1968 55
 in three pieces for ease of handling, gal-
vanizing and assembly of the wire on the
frames. The center post used can be any
size suitable to match your rotor or ex-
tension mast. The 1~ a.D. x 0.065 wall low
carbon tubing shown in Fig. 1 is only
strong enough to extend six inches from
the rotor and still meet the 85 mph wind
load design criteria. The spider construc-
tion for both types of boom is shown in
Tables 4 and 5. The l~ a.D. x 0.065 wall
tubing used for the spider is cut back for
8 inches along the tubing center line to re-
ceive the fiber glass arms which are fastened
in place with two hose clamps per arm.
The detail of the cen ter post to boom
construction of the outrigger boom is shown
~ in Fig. 3. The outriggers are 30 inches Ig.
6061-T6 aluminum as shown in Fig. 2.
I The outriggers fit loosely in the sockets of
Fig. 3 so that the outriggers will not he
i
,
loaded eccentrically. A }4 inch diameter ny-
lon rope is used for tension members and it
slides through the bushings in the out-
riggers. The author made the bushings of
nylon, but they can be any non-rusting ma-
terial. One 916 inch turnbuckle is used in
A 73 mind boggier • • • • each tension member, positioned at one end
WE CAN'T ADD! of the boom for a tilting tower or the cen-
ter of the boom for non-tilting towers. All
Life Subscription to 73 $50 stainless steel hardware was used by the
Hammond Classic Edition author except for the aluminum turnbuckles.
World Atlas $25
Life Subscription Plus World Atlas $55
With our money inflating at 4% per year TABLE 6
(cumulative) , our subscription rates will be go-
ing up soon. QST and CQ have already raised
theirs. Our LIFE rate will be going up too. HoriIontal
Perhaps this is a good time to take advantage Force on
of OUf very low LIFE subscrip tion rate of only Antenna or
$50. Our early LIFE subs cribers are already Wind Tower
getting a free ridel It doesn't t ake long. Velocity (MPH) {Pounds psfl*
The Hammond Clasic Edition World Atlas
is one of the finest in print, beautifully bound 30 3.9
with antique white covers and morocco-grained 35 5.3
ba ckbone. embossed with rai sed bands and 24- 40 7.0
carat gold stamped . This book sells in stores 45 8.7
everyw here for $25. It has 400 pages , is 9%"
x 12;~" an d the hundreds of maps are printed 50 10.9
mostly in four colors. 55 13.3
This special offer may be cancelIed at any 60 15.7
time.
Our present LIFE subscribers may avail them- 65 18.4
selves of this fabulous Atlas for just $5. \Ve 70 21.3
don't want to d iscriminate against our present 75 24.3
Lifers.
80 27.8
Send $55, your name, address. call, and zip
code. Please sen d one of our address labels if 85 31.5
you can, it could speed UD your Atlas by a
couple of weeks. Send to 73 Magazine, Peter- *Take <!Irea as largest cross section of member. For
borough, N. H. 03458. Foreign subscribers should example, tubing cross section equals di<!lmeter x
add $5 extra for postage and handling. length.

56 73 MAGAZINE
Advantages if this antenna can be summar- " CHOICE OF THE OX KINGS"
ized as follows:
• It provides a four-band rotary beam
capability.
• Directivity and discrimination against th.CUBEX
rear and side signals is excellent on all
bands. F ront-to-side ratio better than /
the quad and gain is equivalent.
• It is less susceptible to QSB than the
square loop.

(1'8 EKG~A~S
• Cost of arms is reduced along with an-
tenna weigh t and wind load area over
the sq uare loop.
• Appearance is good. QUAD KI-TS
• It will stay up .
• If fed with a balanced line, it is very 2 ELEMENT-3 BAND KIT SPECIAL
quiet on reception. CON TENTS

Disadvantages are:
• 8 Fib . rslalS Arms_skyblu. color
• 2 End Spiders (1 ec, cast in s s )
• 1 Boom/Mast Coup le r -h.d.
al u mi n u m
$59.95 ONLY

• It req uires 1.3 feet m ore t urning space • 16 Wrap lock Spruder Arm Clamps Add $3 .50 tor PPD
• 1 CUBEX QUAD Instruction Manual Frt. Cont. U.S.
(ra dius) than the square loop (with 28
2·3·4 or m o re elem ent Qu ad s a va ila b le
foot boom). Wr ite f o r FREE B ROCH UR E 'G 'a Pr ice Li st
• It is more sensitive to interference be-
tween ground and sky waves than a CUBEX COMPANY
plain wire. (Also true of the square P.O . Box 131 , Altadena, California 91001
Phon e: (213 ) 798-8106
loop.) YO U CAN'T SAY " QUAO" B ETTER THAN " CUBEX"
• H ams will knock on your door and tell
you that part of your quad has fallen
off.
. . . W 6DL. THE DURA TOWER
Designed specifically
References: for the Radia Amateur
J . D. Kra u s , Ant e n n a e • 30, 40, 50 Foot Tilt Up Towers.
T N ma D. Electronic and R a d io Eng tnee elng
Langford Smith, Radiot ron Ds aig ne ra H andbook
J a s ik, A nte n na E ngineering H a nd book • bO, 70, 80 a nd 90 Foot Tilt O ver
H en ney, R ad io E ngineerin~ H and book Towers.
Editors and Engineers Lt d. T he R a dio H a ndbook
L T. a n d T . Corpo ra ti on R ef eren ce D ata for R adio • All Models Self Supporting.
E ngin eers
Numerous fur l.'i{tn and domestic pap er s • All W eld ed Construction Using 55,000
PSI Heavy Wall Ste el Tubing.
• W ill Support Any Quad Or Tri Band
Beam.
RTTY PRINTERS • Completely Inte rcha ngeab le Parts-
Special Sale! Start with a 30 Foot Towe r a nd Add
1ii:;;;;::
..
M ODEL 31-A m a de by
T e letyp e Co r po r atio n .
O n Up to 90 Feet Using All Parts Pur-
Model 28 t ype ke y board . cha sed.
Weighs und er 20 pounds .
Uses standard 5/32" t a p e . Buy direct and save
Built-i n end of line indi-
cator fo r w o r k ing with a lot of money.
page printers . Very small,
very light . A C-DC m otor.
See page 34 -35 of HAM_
RTTY for desc ri ptio n o f
this r are model.
Write Dura Towers Sales
Just a few available. 574.50 FOB. Box 322, Angola, Indiana 46703
RADIO BOOKSHOP far camplete drawing5 and
Peterborough, New Hampshire 03458 literature.

MAY /968 57
 8;11 Malloch WA8PCK

The Selcal 1179 Temple Drive

Yardley, Po. 19067

An RTIY character recognizer Tom lamb K8ERV

1066 Larchwood Road
Mansfield, Ohio 44907

,if'l'" -
The Seleal is sort of an electronic stunt all, they work! Their cost is far below e ven
box. It receives RTTY characters directly junk box prices.
from the loop , w ith no machinery running.
It recognizes four ( or more) characters, in Logic
the p roper sequence. An output relay closes
to tum on yo ur printer or o ther device. It The Seleal is built entirely of three t yp es
then recognizes receipt of four letters "N", of logic. Eaeh will be described to a llow
sent at the message end , to turn off your the reader to follow the Selcal operation.
printer. \Vhile the characters must be re- See the reference list at the end of the
ceived in the p roper sequence, the Selcal a rticle for more infor mation on logic. This
does not distinguish between upper and logic series operates on two voltage states :
lower case. Fig. 1 shows how the Selcal is high ( H) voltages-over O.S-will turn on
hooked up. any gate; low ( L ) voltages- u nder .43-
The basic syste m is very versatile, and insure all gates are off. Levels between .43
will be th e basis of further RTTY logic sys- and 0.8 would give erratic operation and
tems such as regeneration, series-ta-parallel are not used. The logic symbols do not show
conversion, and speed conversion. the B + (3.6v) or ground connections.
The system is digital, u sing inexpensive
Motorola integrated circu it (Ie) logic Inverters
blocks. This logic is designed to operate in The simp lest type of logic is the inverter,
practically any combination, with voltages, shown in Fig. 2. T his is just a resistance-
switching times, etc., fi gured out for you, co upled amplifier designed so that in the
eliminating much circuitry detail. Best of "on" state the output is less than 0.43 volts.

58 73 MAGAZINE
 Flip-flops
PRINTER MOTOR
The J-K is an unusual but most versatile
type of F F u sed in modem digital systems.
RCVR '00' It is also called a "master-slave", or "clocke d"
flip-flop . Its symbol a nd operation table are
SEC AL shown in Fig. 4. The inputs are : Set (S)
and Clear (C) (sometimes called the J and
K inputs), toggle or trigger (T) and pre-
Fig. r. Conn ecting the SELC A L into your RTTY sy s ~
t ern to tu rn on yo ur printer when your call letters set (P). The outp uts are (1) and (0), some-
a re received . times des igna ted as (Q) and (Q). These out-
The inverter h as a small "logic gain," or pu ts are alwa ys in op posite logic states ;
fan out, meanin g one stage will drive several that is, when one is hi gh the other is low.
succeed ing stages. A buffer is simi lar to The preset func tion is not shown in the
an inverter but h as a greater fanout capac- truth ta b le. W hen the (P) lead is high, the
ity, and is availab le in b oth inverting and (I) outp ut is forced low, regardless of t he
noninverti ng circuits. The 11C789P Hex In ~ states of the other inputs. \ Vhile the inte-
gra ted-circui t J ~K con tains th e equiva lent
verter contains six independent inverter
of 15 transistors, t wo independent circuits
stages fo r only $ 1.081
are containe d in the Motorola MC790P for
+
on ly $2.00.
The J-K can b e connected for several
different logic functions. Fig. SA shows the

~
' J-K used as a common b inary co unter, or
, , 00'

, , divide-by-two circuit. This divider will be

use d to count down the oscillator frequency
Fig. 2. Inverter logic. in the SelcaI.
Fig. 5C shows the clocked flip-flop op-
Nor Gate eration. F or this u se the (S) and (C) in-
puts must be in op posite states, so an in-
The next logic t ype used is the nor gate, verter is used as shown. The output logic
shown in Fig. 3 . It is obvious that if any
input is high, a transistor will b e saturated
a nd the common output will b e low. Only if *STATE AFTER TRIGGER PU LS E

all inputs are low can the outp ut b e high.

, ' I
S C (I) *
The nor gate is a most universal function, , t, ,

and nearly all digital computer circuits and r t, , t,

systems can b e buil t from combinations of , 0 L REVERSES

H H NO CHANGE
this logic type. In the Selcal we will u se
the nor gate as a coincidence recognizer. SYMBOL TRUTH TABLE
\ Vith varyi ng h igh and low signals on all
inputs, there will b e an output only a t the Fig. 4. J -K flip-fl op
instant all are low.
SY MBOL CIRCUIT TRUTH TABLE
states d uplicate the inp ut states after the
clock pulse. This FF is seen to be timed,
or "clocked." It will be used in this m ode
III the Selcal Shift Register. The truth t able
m F ig . 4 shows all modes of operati on .

Basic operation
The Selcal is b asically a series-to-p arallel
converter. The five character-informat ion
pulses, mark or space, are b riefl y stored
OUTPUT HIGH in a five-stage shift register. The desired
ONLY IF ALL
INPUTS AR E LOW character is recognized by a coincidence
SYMBOL CIRCUIT circuit. T he state of recognition is stored
Fig . 3. Nor g ate. in a flip-flop . When all four characters

MAY 1968 59
have been received, the output relay is the register, which then contains all of the
closed. five 1 information pulses.
Lets see how the register stores the letter Since both (H) and (L) outputs are avail-
J, which is Start-M-M-S-M-S-Stop. The first able from each SR stage, we can select
logic level seen by the register is the start that lead of each SR that is low for a J.
pulse, a space. This (L) input is inverted Only for this J (upper or lower case) will
to a (H) and applied to SR 5 lead (S). the all-low coincidence exist. These selected
After the clock pulse, the (1) output also low outputs are now fed into a nor gate.
becomes (H), which we will define as the Recall that the output of a nor gate goes
space condition of the flip-flop. The next high only when all inputs are low. It is
signal pulse (one), is a mark, which makes the nor gate that actually recognizes the J.
The high pulse output is fed into a char-
s acter-I FF, that flips and thus remembers
" <>---Ir that the J has been received. See Fig. 7.
To detect the next call letter, say K,
another nor gate is independently connected
to the SR outp uts that will give all lows
(A) with a K. The output of the character-I
----- - --------- - - - - - FF feeds a low to the character-2 nor gate
so that the first character must be received
before the second gate may look for its
+5.6 S P •
letter. This prevents the Selcal from respond-
ing to your call letters in an incorrect order.
When both the J and K have been re-
ceived, the third nor gate is free to look
for the th ird letter, say L. When received,
'------'_ ' - - 0 '" the third gate gives a high output which
(8) turns on the print FF and the print relay.
-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The printer is now on and receives your
message.
CLOCK
To turn you r machine off, the sender ends
5 I ..2:6T the message with "NNNN". The letter N
\ / '- r is recognized just like the I, with a properly
connected nor gate. The gate feeds a two-
stage binary counter which turns off the
print FF when four N's are received.
OUTPUT FOI..l OWS INPUT
AFTER TOOGlE PULSE
The Selcal circuit is complicated by the
lei lack of the exact logic needed. Several nor
gates are paralleled to get enough inputs,
Fig . 5. App lications for the J-K fli p-flop. A J. K dl-
and buffers and inverters are used to in-
vider is shown in Ai a set-reset flip-flop in Bi and a
master-slave o r docked flip.f lop in C.
crease fan-out or driving power. Note that
the A-B signal lines carry the same pulses,
SR 5 lead (S) low. The next clock pulse the split being just to prevent device over-
now does two things. At this point SR 4 load. The abbreviations listed in T able 1
sees the space condition of SR 5 and dupli- will be used in the following detailed dis-
cates its output, making SR 4 (1) low. cussion of operation.
The start p ulse has been passed from SR
5 to SR 4. Also the output (1) of SR 5 Seleal operation
is changed to high, following the input sig-
Turn on
nal. At the next clock pulse, the input is
a mark (pulse 2). After this clock, SR 5 At the beginning of a start pulse, a high
and SR 4 are in a mark condition, SR 3 occurs on the m-s line, setting the start FF
in a space. The shift register now contains (Fig. 8). In this "set" condition, the start
the start and first two information pulses FF places a low on the divider preset leads,
of the letter J. These pulses continue to en- allowing them to operate. The oscillator in-
ter the register from the left. Finally the verter raises the voltage on the 6.8 k re-
start pulse is pushed out the right end of sistor to high, starting the clock oscillator.

60 73 MAGAZINE
 .LL.LL ....
CLOCK PlA.SU

, , t , ,,~ , ,t , ,,~ , ,!
r L... r r L... r t

, '" c ol~ c 0 t e o J. c o• , ofi.

TIME

'" '" '"' '"' '"

CHAFIACTEA .~ .
[NTIERIHO REOISnlt

~
• ~

( t .. ) NltCATE
• •
ARROWS
CONDITION WITH ·~· IN "' EGlSUlt
• • U>
, CHAl'lACn "
NOft GATE
I

01'0l'I
''''''''ALL"''' seceet ee /
°LO· ON PflOP£It \/
OWtACTE It
t
ou,
I
• • -H I " K L M···
Fig . 6. A shift register connected to provide an output when IlIn RITY letter "J" is applied to the input.

The clock is a multivibrator that generates Now back to Fig, 8. Assume the call
5.5 ms (181-Hz) square waves as shown K8ERV is being received. To prevent casual
on line 2, Fig. 9. These p ulses are divided copy reference to "E RV" from operating
by two, five times, by the dividers 01-05. the printer, the code will be "ltrsERV",
These waveforms are shown on lines 3-7 which already exists in the callsign. The
of Fig. 9. lirst character "letters" (Itrs) enters the
Recall that a nor gate has a high output shift reigster as described earlier. At the
only if all the inputs are low. By properly time of the decode pulse, the ltrs marks and
selecting the clock and divider outputs, a spaces are contained in the register. The
set of low leads can be found for each CI nor gates are connected to the five SR
single clock pulse. As an example, lets see output leads that will give all lows. The
how the single decode pulse is obtained. Cl gates will now recognize the Itrs char-
At the decode time, (line 11), 02 and 03 ac ter and give a high output to the CHI
leads (1) are low, but 0 4 and 05 leads F F. This high , with the decode pulse, causes
(1) are high. By selecting the (0) leads the CH I FF to set, remembering that char-
of 0 4 and OS, we obtain all low inputs for acter one was properly received.
the decode gate. 03 is not needed. Only
at one particular time will the above con- ceccce LEADS
FROlil SHI FT M GISTER
ditions exist. so the decode nor gate gives ! • \
an output pulse only at the proper decode
WJ,
time.
In this way, nor gates connected to the
, , , CIAClJrr
..
divider outputs produce properly timed set, -, \ / /
shift, and end pulses. The end pulse resets
the start FF. ending the Selcal sequence s , 0"

for one character. The "reset" start FF \/ \ / ON

PA INT
stops the clock oscillator and presets the
dividers, making them ready for the next
0 c 0 -, " ~

operation. The hit gate looks for a spacing

signal partway into the start pulse. If a
mark exists at this time (non-RTTY signal),
PIl1NTER
CXiIm'Ol. L...
n
the hit gate resets the start FF. terminat-
Fi9. 7. The sequential selector. This circuitry is con-
ing the operation. This resets the circuit nected to the output of the shift re9ister shown in
after a false start from noise. The set-shift- Fig. 6 so that the letters of your call sign will tum
not gate suppresses unwanted set and shift the printer on only if they are in the correct se-
pulses. quence.

MAY 1968 61

,
 t DECOOf "
,, • •0
",
~~r
~ ,
0 • •
0'
5- "C>'> , '"'r
~

.;~
"L.,
C J;V
I DEC I

, • "r,
I, ..
_I '
r
0 ~
O<COOE

~
"
~

1/
,
~2
•0
,
, , "·1 -"

:i, :~

. •,, .., "

0 <, r-, , "r,
..,
•0 ,, ~
0
"" .
s
0'
, c ./ "1/
,c ,
:h :J., l-Ji::rl
, • "r, •
."1/ . ... ,
SET SHl'T
_I ' 0
" • 0 ,
"
1-" ,I, " • 'r C
,I lri,
-0

,I •
,, ser
~ , "r, •0
I » ,.,
0
~
~
,
,."' .,
""
•
:J.,
r e
:J., .-i , 1li
,IT ,

~
~
9~SHI"T l~ ,..
~, » • W" -0

, ...,.
HIT A
ca I ~"
•
, ;n
DECODE B '
14 1'...

1/
0"
I
•
TAN TAL.UM
&.8 k
1
m
, » Or---- ,
1/ t,IIARK-
SPACE

n +--··-··:
15~ . TAHTALUtoi
c, II''' • <,
I TT Y SEL.l
MAGt£T I ,,
,
0
->
0" • 00 - ,
, "
.., 1/
;:J I
,
•
r
-0

'.&k
START
" I••
,
i it:
eLK 0
0

Z.:~k;'
r
0
<,
->
I ....
! - /-;:- I•• ri,
0
, .,
""
I'I'IEO esc """....
"" '"
i!!i<
I••
gVEII

I• I
• " ,
' M
L.~!:.. .._.. j " -0

1 .>0 I r
, ,, o o~
•, 0
~ L.IO
.... k,, e
II +:SAi
0
0
0
0

" 0
o
0----OR
NO.&8

I ,_. M " 0 0
V32" DRIL.L

"'COO< •
PIN LOCATIONS DRILLI NG LAYOUT

62 73 MAGAZINE
 I DEC A Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of the seleel. Relay KI is
a 12V Sigma 65FI-12DC. Transistor 01 may be any
high-gain silicon transistor such as the Motorola
-N ,).t>-......
/ "I" P NZ MPS3393. The message light is a Sylvania 12ES.
-/ S T C
, a , Switch S2 is an eptlenal "omit first eherecter switch".
I DEC 8

SA2 -0
I~~, The CH I FF low output (lead (0) ) is
fed to the character-2 nor gate, permitting
SAl-0
it to look for, and recognize the next char-
I~
I':: "
acter, "E", As the decode pulse transfers
the "E" recognition into the CH 2 FF, it
also resets the CH I FF, which insures that
ses-e
SR4 - 1 1Jj" ~.
.'\):>....- ,
- "'i•
,I ...... II
rc """'"
characters will be recognized only in the
SR'-I " ./ V POW£A REl.AY proper sequence, The "E" makes the CH2
'* 00 HOT CONNECT a+
F F output (0) low, and the following "R"
TO THESE PACkAGES makes the CH3 FF output low. This low,
"'.., -t:;:::::::::::-:---::~::::::::;] plus the SR lows from the "V", and the
inverted decode pulse (a low pulse) place
all low inputs on the C4 gates, The high
output from C4 sets the print FF, turning
..,
•, •
.......
65Fl-l2DC:
on the output relay and your printer. The
Selcal has recognized the last four char-
0
P P" I"'" ....-R " acters of the call K8ERVI Any wrong char-
5
,
II
r c
Jt, :
n,
ac te r will interrupt the sequence and reset
'--.-1 the logic, preventing turn-on.
.U

"',- :=~-:;;:
saa- " .~ Turn off
, The print FF will now remain on until
reset by a switch or by the reception of
NNNN, a commercially used disconnect se-
see-
SR4-
K
,, ~-8 )J>- ." quence. This section operates by reccgniz-
ing and counting consecu tive "N's. The
SR' -
fourth N received gives an output through
DECODE 8 the 4N gate which resets the print FF, Any
character other than N operates the N-not
see-
, ga te which resets the FFs, destroying the
• C3-A ,,~
"',- ... ./ count. The Selcal must see four consecutive
N characters (or upper case equivalent)
. somewhere in a sequence, to tum off.

12 ee-e '
. All-call
1!J{ ./
An important addition by K00JV permits
all Selcals to turn on with one particular
calling code besides your selected call let-
ters. Since recognition circuits exist for both
"ltrs" and "N", an all-call code requiring
a minimu m o f a d d i ti o n a l logic is
·'LtrsN LtrsN LtrsN". This code, besides being
the easiest, will not occur in normal text.
The use of six characte rs decreases the
chance of false turn-on from noise.
Fig. 10 shows the all-call addition. This
is a counting arrangement similar to the
4N turn-off, except that the sequence "LtrsN"
is counted until all three pairs are received,
turning off the print FF. The counter is

MAY 1968 63
 . .. '
- .--
....
-.'. - PRESENTING THE ALL NEW
AMECO PT
ALL BAND TRANSCEIVER
PREAMPLIFIER
• 6 THRU 160 METERS
•
• • FEEDS 2nd RECEIVER
Model PT, with built-in power
supply, transfer relay, connecting
cables, wired and tested.
'" ".
.•
'~t ""'?

/.,
Q(.'T

Amateu r Net . .. . . .....$49.95

• A frame grid pentode provides low noise figure with ability to handle strong signals,
greatly improving the sensitivity of the receiver section of a transceiver.
• A unique built-in transfer circuit enables the PT to by-pass itself while the transceiver
is transmitting. The PT also feeds the antenna input of a 2nd receiver as well as
muting it.
AMECO
DIVISION OF AEROTRON, INC.• P. O. BOX 6527 • RALEIGH, N. C. 27608

INPUT II START , , • , sros

01-1 3 s-l- nLJ,-lcJ"'L-S,-SLI"LFLS-'L,LIlLJ,_ _

ca-r • ---l,--- _ _ - - _ - - __ , - - - , _ - - _--.J"--- _

0 3-1 :I

.., ,
r I

START·FF 8~ ""- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J END

, _--'n_ _---'n'----_---'n'----_---'n'----_---'n'----_ _n _

'"'" '0 l'----_---'n'----_---'n'----_---'n'----_ _n _ _ ---'n I--

DECODE 11
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--'Il'-----_
Fig. 9. Timing chart fer the Seleel.

64 73 MAGAZINE
reset by any character other than "Ltrs"
or "N" .

Message light
This circuit can be included to lock on
a pilot light when a message is received .
This alerts the operator to look at the copy.
The print FF output pulse is used to trigger
a small SCR that locks on a low current
lamp. The lamp is manually reset by a
momentary, normally open push switch .

Construction
The integrated circuits used in the Selcal
are the Motorola RTL (Resistor-Transistor-
Logic ) 700 or 800 series, in a plastic dual
in-line package. T hese differ only in p rice
and temperature range, the 700 types cover-
ing I 5-55"C and the 800 types covering
0-75 °C. Data sheets are available from
Motorola.•
These logic blocks may be laid out in
ONE MILLION
any order. \Vhile Ie sockets are availab le, DOLLARS
they are expensive and unnecessary. One way
to mount the Ie 's is to drill holes in a Your ama teur station will look like a mill ion
plastic sheet, insert the IC leads in the holes, dollars with one of these bea utiful 18" diameter
and wire to th e pins. An other way is to world illum inated globes sitt ing on the desk.
mount the blocks on their backs, u sing a n Besides dressing up the hamshack, one of these
adhesive, or d ouble fa ced tape , and again globes makes pointing your beam a cinch. No
w ire to th e pin s. L e ave plent y of room for m ap can give you the "feel" of the world that
the wires, there a re severa l h undred of you get with a globe. If you are going to get a
them! The easy way is to u se the p air of globe you might as well get a good one. This
circuit boards from K0 0JV· , at $ 10.00 a H ammond globe sells in the stores for $25 and
se t, u n d rille d. W e strongly recom mend small is a bargain at that price. Through some fina-
(# 26) colored Teflon wire to prevent solder- gling we can let you have one of these globes for
in g iron d ama ge in t he rather cramped the same $25 and add a two year subscription
wiring space. T he cheapest T eflon seem s to 73 to sweeten the deal. Good in U.S. only.

Table I 18" Hammond Illuminated Globe __$25

I Inverter, or inverted . Two Year Subscription to 73 $ 9
SR Shift register or stage.
N Used in the 4N discon nect ci rc uits. World Globe Plus Subscription $25!
C Che-eeter: letter bein g recog nized . --------------------------------------------
CH Ch a nnel; memory for a c ha racter. De ar 73:
FF Flip-flop. YES, se nd me o ne of those 18" illuminated glo bes,
Not Circuit op erating o n all chara cters except plus a two year subscription to 73. Postpa id .
I }.
"'·S Marl-space.
name ca ll
Set Pulses togg ling SR5.
Shift Pu ls es t ogg ling SR4-SRI.
address
Hit Non .RnY pulses.
D Divide r st a ge (by two ). city state zip
High Voltage ove r 0.8.
_ne w subscription renewa l or extellsion of old sub
Low Voltage und er 0.43.

MAY 1968 65
to be the Knight brand available from Allied with (1), and spaces with (0), omitting
radio, at about 5c a foot. the stop and start pulses. The first in-
The power supply must provide 3.6V formation pulse (after the start pulse) will
± 10% at about 600 rnA. The design shown eventually be in SRI , so the chart is ac-
in Fig. 11 has excellent regulation and tually reversed from the normal characte r
neg ligible ripple to about 90 line volts. Its construction. Since N is S-S-M-M-S, it be-
performance is better than needed but not comes SRl- (O), SR2-(0), SR3-(1), SR4-( 1),
expensive. Z1 is a group of forward biased SR5-(O). Enter your letters in rows C2, C3,
diodes of any silicon type, used as a low- C4. Now transfer this decode to the C2,
voltage Zener. 2 2 is optional, being a group C3, C4 nor gates in Fig. 8. C l is done
of one-amp diodes used to limit the voltage for you for "Ltrs", Connect each nor gate
in cnse of any type of supply fa ilure. The lead to the indicated SR output lead. The
Seleal can be operated from two flashlight SR outputs may feed more than one nor
batteries for testing, using a voltmeter in input. This is the reason the non-inverting
place of the outp ut relay. buffers are used.
The power supply and front panel layouts The simplest method of decode wiring
are not critical The only controls really is to permanently connect the decode leads.
needed are the on and off switches, but
But two other methods are more versatile.
all sorts of pilot lamps and other goodies can Fig. 13 shows how twenty inexpensive
be added as described. slide switches can be used to set in the
Decoding four characters at will. This scheme permits
fairly rapid changes in the decode set. A
Setting up the letters you wish to receive piece of cardboard with holes that accep t
is don e b y hooking the particular characte r
the slide levers in a particular decode setup
nor gates to the p roper SR outputs. Cha r-
can be used to check the settings.
acter 1 is shown set up for "Lt rs". The N
gates are , of course, wired for N's, although A still faster decode change can be ob-
any repeated cha racte r could be used. To tained by using a multi-pin connector as a
constr uct the decode chart (Fig. 12) for patch board. Each decode group is wired
any character, replace the character marks to a separate plug and inserted into the
.. --, I
" __ ..., "'--"'1 ...... __ 1 t ... _ ....,
,,I "
... .a._J..,
I I I ' I J- I
, Cl-A , CI- B I I N-a r N-A I I I N I
\ */ \ \ */
\,1
)('
'/
I

'X
\
-:» I
'./ t
1
\
,
'l"II; 1
I

'f ~ ~--,
;f " : 9 : - : 9 f
: f 1"' ---'r- - -
1...
•I ~

..\J-, 7
.Js
I
I 9 · - - - - - -- . . - - ....
'I'-'L 7 I
--...,
, ,
I " ' CHl l
I
"
,f I
I ,
__ -l PRINT
,,J ,
I
:
•
.X
..C
I
Jc
l___,
l ) l6
o ~ - - - - - ., ..
I
I
:
I
OOTT EO POItTIOH
IS PART l)f' F IG. 7
__ .J
L •
r---,--I
I I I I I
, I I I
I
II... ' __ I1 ,
1 1
..
•
I
I ,
I

, , , I' ,
"'"
" "
LTR$
\"'/
, SOLID ~TlON 1$
\:',, "- , ALL - CAU. CIIlCUlTItY

rh,
, ,0 ,,!-
rh ,
, , I" .
r r
, c oi!-
,c 0•
rh
rir "" "',
.!-
Fig. 10. All-ca ll circuitry which may b e added to the ,,"- "
./
ba sic Selcel shown in Fig. 8. This c ircuitry permits
the pr inter to be tuned on by sending •
" LtrsNLtrs-
0
rt IN V ?

NltrsN ". This is pa rtic ula rly useful for turning on all
the machin es of an RTIY net.

66 73 MAGAZINE
socket in the Selcal. Twenty-five pins are
required for a three-letter decode, thirty pins SAVE $140
for four letters,
The Selcal turns on the printer motor .. '.
when its code set is received. If fed with
'
-- -, "
continuous rando m noise, eventually the
Selcal will receive its code and give an
unwanted tum -on. A three Jetter decode for
commercial or experimental copy can be
ob tained b y grounding the C2 output lead,
as shown in Fig. 8. This is not recommended 1
for unattended copy due to the increased
possibility of noise turn-on. \ Ve suggest the BRAND NEW MODEL 501
PRODUCTION LINE REJECTS
Selcal be teamed up with an auto-start sys- ONLY 5139.95 FOB Hollis, N.Y.
tem, such as in the IT I L to inhibit the CReqular net price If pemc:t $279.95 )
noise fed to the input. Our T V Camera production has expanded
to the point where we can p roduce 2 new
cameras in the ~2 hou r or so it might require
for u s to troubleshoot rejects : therefore we
Adjustment are m a king the rejects a vailable at consid-
erable savings. These a r e new complete with
The only adjustment is the clock oscilla- a ll parts including vidicon and lens. b ut will
n ot h a v e the VANGUAR D la b e l and since
tor freq uency. Temporarily turn on the clock t hey a r e sold as-is they are not guaranteed.
by shorting the Selcal input. Connect a The t rouble may only be a w rong r esis t or
or wiring e rror. or it migh t contain a com-
scope to either clock outp ut. Using the line bination of e r r o rs-i n any case it 's a r eal b u y
for anyone who k n ow s T V cameras.
frequency for comparison, adjust the 2.5k We have only about a dozen a vailable a n d
pot for l BO-Hz outp ut. If a scope is not since im p r o ved p roduction control is reducing
the n umber of rejects , this offer m a y not be
available, set the pot in the cente r of the repeated . Schematic included with or der .
ran ge that gives p roper Selcal operation.
The power supply ou tp ut should be from VANGUARD LABS
Dept. H, 196·23 Jamaica Ave. Hallls, N,Y. 11423
3.3 to 3.9 volts. It can be varied sligh tly
b y changing the lOO-ohm resistor from 50-
200 ohms. If greater shift is needed, change

Construction of the Se'.

CQJ used by Bernie
W7AHW/4. The con.
neetcr a nd plug are
used for decoding pur·
poses as describ ed in
the text.

MAY 1968 67

•
 the number of diodes in Z1 ' Caution, do
not operate into the logic with 2 1 discon-
nected. A 6-ohm, 5-watt resistor can b e
used as a supply load to simulate the Seleal
I when "tuning up," If a Variac is available,
Radio Amateur I
I
I
Emblems engraved
with your call letters.
o Gold I run the line voltage down until the output
o Rhodium I sta rts to drop. This should be about 90 volts,
I
I
I
I ";
o ca ll lett ers
I bu t depends on the gain of the 40310. Lower-
ing the value of the 270-ohm resistor will
re duce tlrt-, re quired input voltage, but too
I t: - $5.00 Ea.
low a value will reduce regulation and may
I ,~"'~ ,~! overload the 2N3904.
I ~~" ' o Gold
If wired correctly, the Seleal should take

! ltil -- \~1~ o
off when connected as in Fig. 1. Note that
o Rh odium
the Selcal relay will not handle a printer
mo tor load, and must b e used only to drive
!:z ~9:YZ; call letters
$5.00 Ea.
a suitab le m otor relay, such as the REM
84-9Q.3 ($3.05).
I ------------- I Connect your printer into the local loop
I
I
I
All i!lu$lratior'ls
ore actual sra e .
(0o Gold
Rh odium
I
I
I
an d send your call letters. The Selcal relay
shou ld turn on. If it by any chance does,
I I you have made abo ut 350 p roper connec-
I
I ;; ~) call letters
I
I
tions! Now send any letter excep t N, t o
reset the all-call, and then send " NNNN" ,
I 7::k,'- \ $5.DO Ea . I and h ope it turns off. If not, don't despair,
1 ---'_-------- : a troub leshooting guide follows.
I
Two or more emble ms at Illinois residents add 5% tax. I
the same t ime $4.00 each. Trouble shcctinq
I
Amt. enclosed $; _ I
First check to see if the start FF and
Name' _ I clock oscillator are being keyed. Hook a
I
Address' _ I scope or headphones through a l OaD-ohm
I isolatin g resistor to the Clk-l output. Send-
City & state' Zip' _ I
I ing any letter should produce a burst from
Rush Order To: RADIO AMATEUR CALLBDDK, Inc. I the oscillator. Ground the Selcal input and
J ~~~F~I~~~n_~Y~.:.~~a!o.:. ~:o~~~6~~J check for proper outputs from each divider
an d from the set, shift and decode gates,

,,
,,
.... FUSED
----PLUG
- - -, I
, ~--------------< ."
I 1-- ~ :
: ~ 0' -0-,~ s
RCA ~0!10
(HE AT SINK)
----~---<._--o+ 3.6
: IZO VAC
l
:
: _ ,,
,I
L
0--;0,,"'
IA I
----'
oJ
,,
: (7) I A DIODES
"
."
SII..
I
I
IN SERIES
{OPTIONAl.
DIODES I CLA MP
1 P ROTECTION}
::t,
,w ::t,
+
,,
,
,,
Fig. II . The power sup ply for th e Selcel. This unit 1000"1
asv
MOT.
ZN3904 '00
rir
provides good regulation eve n when th e line voltag e
dip s down to 90 volts.

68 73 MAGAZINE
 You can always be on the air-Hail , Snow or Hurricane!
Brings in OX and stations all over th e U.S. This is
a quality product. Operates 40 thru 2 meters.
Not an ordinary whip a nt e n- Schedule s have be en ef·
na-the counter-poise con- ficiently maintained over
verts it from a base-load ed t he p ast 5 years from
whip to a highly e ff i c ie nt mot els, hotels, apartments,
center-load ed antenna wit h a ca mps a nd boats. Parts
very low SWR on all frequen- a re ve ry rugg ed; ncn-shef-
•
cres, t erable nylon base. The
machine parts are nickel.
40, 20·15·10·6·2 Meters plated brass. This is th e
Very Low SWR most effi cie nt porta b Ie
Folds to 19 inches antenna ever built.
Weighs only 2 pounds Patented
Complete for 6 Frequencies

PORTABLE ANTENNA $29.95

DPZ CORPORATION P. O. BOX 1615 • JUPITER, FLORIDA 33458

as shown in the timing chart. Any logic DECODE CHART

b lock pin, except B -t-, may b e conne ct ed
SR 5 4 3 2
to B -t-, or grounded, to force a circuit on
LTR S
or off, with ou t harm to the logic.
Now check the shift register by sending
a "letters" character. \ Vith a voltmeter see
that all the SR-1 leads are low (less than
0.43 v ), and that a ll the SR-O leads are
high (over 0.8\'). Send an N and check • o , 0 0

for lows on SR3, 4-1, and on SRl ,O,5-0. Any Fig . 12. The decode c ha rt which is used in setting
letter should leave its p roper pattern in up the Seleel for receiving your call fetters . In use
the shift register. If the hi gh er number SR is fully d iscussed in the text.
stages work, but the lower ones don't, che ck ing the fourth N, only at the decode time,
th e wiring and logic at the p oint of signal <.1 0 pins 3-13 go low, but a scope is needed
loss. to see this. The 4", gate output briefly goes
Now send any letter not in your code set. high, resetting the print FF and turning
A meter should show high s on all of the the relay off. With the exception of the
chara cter FF (0) leads. Your first code 4 :"l system, most of the Selcal functions
character (Ltrs) sh ould make CHI -O go hold their states after decode, so t hat a
low. The second code ch arac ter will reset vo ltmeter is all tha t is needed for testing.
CHl-(O) to high aod make CH2-(0) low,
etc. Use
Check the 4N gate as follows. Send any In operation, the receiver, tuning unit,
letter other than "N". All four inputs to the and Selcal are left running continuously,
4N gate should be high. The fir st N will or connected to a time clock. The sender
place a low only on 4N pin ] 4. The second should transmit your call several times to
~ should make only 4N pin 2 low. The insure reception and turn -on . After his call,
third ! t will m ake both pins 2-]4 low. Dur- it is helpful t o include the time in G~IT,

MAY 1968 69
 " , " HB GAiM "MAW,,,, )"1 ,

Top view of th e Selcal

buHt by W7AHW .

followed by an extra line fee d to separate parts of interest to you. However, for 75
the messages. After send ing the message, or 100 WPM monitoring, the Selcal clock
he sho uld return the carriage to the left, must be changed.
and send 8-10 N's. If conditions are p oor, The RTTY Journal of January 1967 h as
send extra N's to insure turn-off, any n ot information on the Miami Weather Station,
needed will not be copied. Automatic CR- WBR-70, on 14.395 MHz. A few hours of
LF systems are very convenient for any un- copy may show some particular parts of
attended autostart or Selcal operation. interest. Set up the Selcal to decode the
While autostart is not useful for monitor- appropriate heading and you are in business.
ing continuous commercial \stations, the Sel- F or example, the Weather Satellite predic-
cal is, and can be used to select only those tion s are preceeded by "TBUS". The 4N
SRI-l turn-off is sent regularly.
We would like to acknowledge the help
S!l1-2 -<>
of these RTTY'ers Harold Quinn, KQlOJV
SR2-1 for his circuit suggestions, his All-Call d e-
velopment and his circuit boards; Tru Boer-
SR2-o -<>
TYPICAL koel, K8JUG for parts list and kit he makes
CHARACT ER GATE
M SR3· 1 availab le on request; \) and the many on
•~ C the autostart net who patiently listened to
the groaning birthpains of the Selcal.
SIM-I . . . K8ERV, WA8PCK
-<>
*Te chnic al I n f or m a tion Cen ter , Motorola Semt -ec nduc-
tor P r odu ct s , Inc., B ox 95 5, Phoenix, Arizona 8 5001.
SR:H

SR5-0 - - o "Harold Quin n, 6605 Mardel Ave n ue, St. L ou is , Mia -

sou r i 63109 .
Fig_ 13. By using slid e switc hes in the input to the
character ga tes , vari ous turn-on cod es ma y be used *Tru Boerkoel. K8JUG, 19 5 B r-endy wy ne D r ive, Con -
with the Se lcal. sto ck P a r k , Michigan 49 32 1.

70 73 MAGAZINE
 Hello there . . .
My name is Romey a nd I'm here to
give yo u a preview of STEL LAR'S
Suitcase Station. I t's just in the ex-
p erimental stage now , but if you
hams want it a nd will tell me what
features you'd like in it, we plan to
make it available as a package at a
la ter d a te. If you sen d me your ideas,
I'll see that you get a merchandise
certifica te for each one we u se. Write
me at Department M for further in-
form ation. 73 es 88.

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

stellarmndustries
DIY. DF STELLAR I. Inc,
10 GRAHAM ROAD WEST
ITHACA, N. Y. 14850
_ _ ,..;;;
S A L ES AND SERVICE TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 607 273-9333
"~1Or" ";"";;<_ _ ...L
Your headquarters in Central New York for new a nd used ham g ear-sales a nd service. Mail
orde rs welcomed.
Hours : 9:00 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Mond ay t hroug h Frida y 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M . Saturda y

Hardware Store VERTICAL ELEMENT

(ALU MINU M TUBING )
Ground Plane Antenna W. B. Cameron WA4UZM
One of the classic vertical antennas for
VHF work is the ground plane, and one
of the classic problems is how to assemble
it mechanically. Lacking machine tools to
make special parts. this can seem formidable,
but the attached exploded drawing shows NYLON CouPLING
FOR PLASTIC PIPE
how to assemble a sturdy ground plane (SCREW INTO
f LOOR FL ANGE)
q uickly from parts available in any well
stocked hard ware store. The size of pipe ( 4) STAN.ESS STE£L
MACHINE SCREWS
frU
and fittings to be used is not critical, and
can be detennined by what is available.
For a 50 ~IHz ante nna a reasonable size is I
3/4 inch pipe and the aluminum tubing of
(4)HOAIZONTAL ELEMEN TS
such diameter to make a firm drive fit into (ALUMINUhI TUBING)
the nylon coupling. For a high wind area
the pipe might be a 1 inch or one could use
1> inch to make a light portable job" In addi-
tion to quick assembly this construction per-
mits q uick disassembly merely by unscrew- '''''"
''''''''
ing the pipe mast and loosening the four
bolts that hold the horizontal elements in ,
place. For optimum match to a 52 ohm line 1
the horizontal elements may be bent down
( 4) STAINLESS
STEEL MJTS
(i!# PIP£
M" ST
about 30 degrees. This is best checked with
a standard SWR bridge.

MAY 1968 71
 Ke n Sessions K6MVH
4861 Ramona Place
O nta rio , California
9 1762

ARE PHONE PATCHES LEGAL?

Probably every amateur th at h as connected when there is no direct connection to the
a phone patch to his ra d io system has ex- telephone or line! A case in point is the Car-
p erienced the fleeting and cursory twinges terfone , manufactured by Carter E lectronics
of guilt that accompany each soldered con- Corporation in Dallas, Texas. The Carter-
nection. O r the flas h of anxie ty each time fone, ~ cradle arrangement onto wh ich an
he sees a telephone company truck parked ordinary handset m ay be placed, couples
near the QTH. th e handset audio to a mobile radio system .
Are phone patches legal? The device m akes no electrical connection
M a rry self-res pecti ng commercial p roducers to the phone and requires no handset modi-
of amate ur radio gear include comp lete p ack- fications. Yet, in 1965, the FCC advised
aged hybrid telep hone p atching units in their Carter that the Carterfon e device violated
basic equipment lines. Following a logical the provisions of Tariff 132. An FCC ex-
line of reasoning, then, an amateur might aminer confirmed this finding later, and h eld
well assume th at phone patches are indeed that the d evice was an "attachment" within
legal. Xone can say that phone p atches are the meaning and intent of the original rul-
unlawful, but they're not exactly legal, either. ing.!
Xot quite yet. An interesting outcropping from the Car-
Indications are that they will be, how- ter Electronics case was a recommendation
ever-and very soon . by the FCC examiner that the Carterfone
Not too many amateur radio operators are he allowed despite the ruling. He said the
familiar with the little-publicized prohibitory tari ff was an unwarranted restriction of a
mandate called T ariff 132, and FC C edict telephone user's right to use his phone «in a
which gives telep hone companies a broad way that is privately beneficial without being
range of freedom in rate-setting and rule- publicly detrimental." This official assertion
making. Among other privileges, telephone is extremely significant to amateurs with
companies have the right to estab lish price phone p atches. Man y of us have been think-
sched ules and ba n "telephone attachments" ing that the phone patches were frowned
an d "foreign equipment" that might tend to upon because of rate-jumping, a fallout of
degrade telepho ne p erformance. a telephone/radio marriage.
The truth is, there's nothing illegal about The Carter case served to bring general
the phone p atch, itself; it's the amateur's in- reappraisal of the tariff regulations by the
terconnection of it that causes all the prob- FCC and the Justice Department. As a result,
lems. If the phone company would make the the Common Carr ier Buerau of the FCC h as
connection or give a blessing to the installa- recently recommended that T ariff 132 be re-
tion before it is done, all wo uld he well. The wri tten to permit wider use of telephone at-
manner in which the official government rul- tachments. The recommendation was sec-
ing is written and interpreted m akes it an onded by the Justice D epartment. The con-
offe nse to attach anything to a telephone or sensus was that the tariff's restrictions tended
telephone circuit. Thus, as the law stands to p lace the telephone companies in mono-
today, a busy telephone user can't even p olistic positions with respect to the supply
legally connect a shoulder rest to the hand- and installation of p eripheral telephone-de-
set. pendent equipment.
Just wha t constitutes an "attachment" has The telephone companies hav e b een
been the sub ject of man y litigations in U.S. pl agued with their share of "monopolistic
courts. Surprising though it might be, a de- practices" problems, anyway, and probably
vice m ay be considered an "attachment" even will not be able to prepare any overwhelm-

72 13 MAGAZINE
 ing stum bling blocks to a new F C C ruliug
on a ttachements. T wo large telephone com- LEARN RADIO CODE
p an ies were recently under heavy fire from
the Private Communication Association for
unfair restrain t of trade. T he p e A went so
THE EASY WAY! • N. B••k. T. R••d
far as to accuse the two giants of acting in • No Visual GimmIcks
te DIs'ract Yev
contempt of court by "flagrantly violating" • JUl' LIs,en And Leant
provisions of an antitrust injunction filed by !aled o n modem P lychol~lcal
technlql,l e l-Th ll COl,lrle will tab
the U.S. Government in the U.S. District you b eyond 13 w .p.m. In
LESS THAN HALF THE nM£1
Court of New Jersey ( Civil Action 17-29, Album eOnt.ln, tllr.. 12" Allo available o'n magnetic ta~
24 January 1956 ) .2 T he PCA complained LP'. 2V. Ilr. Instruellon See y e v r d eale; n owl
that the telephone companies were not re-
stricting their business to "common carrier
comm unica tions service" and were engaged 206 EoJ1 flon. S.r.... FIOI'8nca.. Colorado
in leasin g of intercoms, alarms, public ad-
d ress eq uipment, and sim ilar not-too-closely-
related systems.
All these events weigh heavily in favor of oscillatoifmonitor
the FCC reversing the "no attachments" man- eo sensitive br_dbond RF d eteuor
g lvel ol,ldlble tone s lgnol In th e
date, because a more liberal ruling would prel ence of ony RF fi eld from 10mw
to 1 kw ond IOOkc to 1000mc
invite open competition from manufacturers ea CWmonltor with positive " Rf"
of terminal phone devices. The way thin gs s w it c h uses only 8"pickup ontenna
ond NO connect ion to rig or key
are now. not even the phone comp anies can ea code practice osclllotor wi th
C1dju uable ton e & bl,lllt in speake r
legally connect most equipment, since this e h igh go in 4 trons ls to r c ircl,l lt
..owered by long lif e AA pence ll
takes them out of the realm of direct "com- 95
mon earner . . "
. comm urucatrons. e16gol,lge ell,lminl,lm cabinet i n
white & black e p o :o; y finhh, 3 112 "
by :" 3... " by 1'.... '~ weight 8 aune e s
12 ( bo tf Inel)
ppd I,I so &ea n

So how does all this affect th e amate ur elLOX US mode and guarante ed n y rei add 5"
se n d eerl c k or m.e,
ta :o;
with his harmless litt le phone patch? Very the James research company
profoundl y! Already the restrictions on phone 11 schermerhorn st., brookl n n.y. 11201
patches are relaxing. Telephone comp anies
acknowledge the fact that amateurs are at- and maintained within 1.0 dB of this value
taching audio patching circuits, and they regardless of tran smitting and receiving con-
are beginning to realize that these devices dition s. A standard as rigid as this is a little
pose no major threat to their overall incom e. too much for A~l. Telephone companies do
One Southern California amateur ( D onald get upset when audio is patched into a line
xli lbury, W 6YA N ) has been operating a full y at a high enough level to intermodulat e with
automatic phone p atch from his mobile sta- ad jacent wire-pair signals. Use of F~1 as-
tion in conjunction with a radio repeater for sures a relatively constant audio level at the
years in the Los Angeles area under the receiver almost without regard to the strength
cogni zance of Pacific Telephone Company. of the received signal. ,/
He received «imp lied" p ermission, he says, My own remotel y controlled telephone sys-
when he was requested by th at company to tem was given FCC sanction-also by imp li-
use a particular tone frequency for telep ho ne cation-w hen it was licensed after a d etailed
control to avoid the possibility of interfer- d escription of the automatic phone p a tch
ence with other telephone circuits. was submitted with the official application.
An a utomatic phone p a tch is a standard Today, the amate ur who connects his
telephone system (consistin g of dialin g and phone patc h runs the risk of a hand-slappin g
answering cap ability) operated fro m a re- from his local phone comp any. It's highly
mote location. such as in a car or from a unlikely he'll get its blessing tomorrow. But
portable transceiver. It should be noted that if the FCC recommendations are followed,
automatic phon e patches are compatible only the am ate ur would have the right to connect
wi th FM. Levels for automa tic patching must a phon e p atch or any other similar device
be set for 0 dB ( 1 mW into a 600 ohm line) . as long as it proved non detrim ental to the
phone's principal fun ction ; and th e phone
1. Staff Art icle. " F CC W e ijths Wider Use of Te le llho ne
At ta ch ments;' Elect r onic Des la n . 8 November 1 ~67. companies would be sadd led with the task
2. S ta ff Column. " Hot L ine," Commun ications Ne ws,
of "showing cause" for d enial of thi s right.
Decem ber 1967 . . . . K6MVH

MAY 1968 73
Amateur Radio and Public Service
During my recent visit to the Sah ara Am- A similar situation , in that it also in-
ateur Radio Operators Co nvention in Las volves public service, was also b rought to
Vegas two aspects of amat eur radio public mind at SAROC. No doubt those of you
service were b rought to mind. One of the who read the ham m agazines regularly are
exhibitors was a local h am club who had fam iliar with W CARS or the W est Coast
as a p art of their display a sign obviously Amateur Radio Service. This is a group
intended to b e displayed along t he high way of several hundred amateurs, as I under-
approaching the area in which the club op- stand it, in the western states who monitor
erates. T his sign listed frequencies that are the frequ ency 7255 k Hz, essentially d uring
m onitored b y members of the group w hich the daylight hours every day. They have
travelling ham s m ay use to contact some- a roll call at noon, so that the members
one for assistance. This is not a new idea have a chance to get together. However, the
by any means. but it is one which I feel important p art of their work is that b y
deserves more wide-spread usage and pub- monitoring this frequency continuaIly, they
licity. I know there are many areas of the have been able to assist in any number of
country in which local h am s do monitor emergency situations which h ave come up.
one or more Frequencies for just such a It seems to me th at a similar arrangement
purpose. It seem s to me th at wherever this could be extremely b eneficial in other p arts
is don e it would be to the benefit of all of th e country and, again, I am going to
hams to h ave these signs conspicuously pu t myself on the line as a guinea pig to
posted on the m ain highways. As a further see what can b e developed. I feel that an
aid, I can visuali ze a nati onal directory, East Coast Amateur Radio Service such as
arranged geographically, listing frequencies I have described could probably operate on
monitored ; the purpose for this monitoring; the same frequency as this frequency should
and by whom the m onitoring is done. As give reason abl y good coverage up and d own
I visualize it, this directory would h e similar the eastern part of the nation w hile at th e
in format to the AR RL Net D irectory, but same time h e far enou gh removed to avoid
I thi nk, at least in the beginning, there mutual interference with the \ Vest Coast
would not b e a need for cross referencing, Amateur Radio Service. If one or more serv-
but merely the geographical listing. As an ices such as this were to be set up in the cen-
attempt to get this p rogram going, I am offer- tral part of the country . it is my feeling that
ing through this editori al and similar in- perhaps a different frequen cy should be
form ati on to b e sent to the editors of th e chosen. H owever, I can not do all th ings
various amateur radio m agazines to compile in all places and would hop e that som eone
thi s informat ion as m y time and th e facil- else will pick up the ball in other area s of
ities available to m e permit. \Vh en th e di- the country. For my p art , however, st arting
rectory is read y, it will then he m ade avail- on or about F ebruary I st, I will try to moni-
able to anyone interested . I would hope tor the frequency of 7255 kH z at least during
that in tim e the preparation of this di- normal working hours and will try to in-
rectory could be done under the auspices stitute a roll call at least once during that
of an amateur radio club. I would expect tim e.
that there will be a sm all charge for those As I was told at SAROC. one man
w ho desire a copy, but this charge in tum started the \Vest Coas t version just by get -
should not b e hi gher th an necessary to cover ting on th e air everyday and having a call-
the costs of publication . In any event, I will up . If it can b e don e in the \ Vest, w hy
b e appealing in the near future through not in the E ast as weIl? Those of you who are
various publications and perhaps b y d irect interested in this project, look for WB2QGK
Jetter to some clubs, for information to be on 7255 at noon everyday. If I am not
included in this directory. My only hope is at work, look for me under my home call,
that others will find this informati on to be of \ V9 C FP. at the same time. I expect to talk
value and will see fit to co-operate with me personally to other am ateurs in this area
in this venture. in the hope that they will be able to assist

74 73 MAGAZINE
 Put your signal where it counts. Use the ult ima te
in Ham beams - - - th e Mosley TA.36 with Kit
TA·40KR added to radiati ng element. Employ s
4 operating elements on 10 meters , 3 op erat in g
e leme nts on 15 meters, 3 operat ing e le ment s
on 20 meters. SWR i s 1.5/1 o r be tter a t re so na n t
frequ encies o ver a ll 4 bands . Co nstr uc t ed of
hecvy-wo ll aluminum for ma x imu m s tr ength.
Rated for full power.
Write for detailed specifications and perfo rman c e
data an t he Masle y TA- 3640. 73-b.

me in this project and I hope further t hat

b y spre ading the word on the air and through
DON/T ORT!
publications that in the not too distant Iu-
ture an East Coast Amateur Radio Service
LT·5 W he n you lea ve yo ur QTH
will be d eveloped th at will be able to do p ut yo ur LT·S portabl e 40-80
the same good and public service that is meter C W tra nsmitter in yo ur
now b eing done in th e western part of our
eceketl
country.
If you are interested in working with SEND FOR FREE
me on e ither or b oth of the above projects, $24.00 KIT
DATA SHEET
please don't hesitate to contact m e either $35.00 WIR ED
on the ai r, by m ail, or by phone. If you OMEGA ELECTRONICS COMPANY
know of anyone currently undertaki ng IMb3 Roselle St. • Sa" Die g o, Ca lif. 9212 1
either of these projects, please let m e know,
as I hav e no d esire to step on anyone's
toes. I just want to get the job done. It CONSTRUCT YOUR
is important to remember that public serv- EQUIPMENT THE
ice is one of the b asic principles of h am
rad io and in this d ay of diminishing h am EASY WAY-USE
p opulation and increasing d anger of losing THE UNIT CHASSIS
some of our frequencies, it certainly b e- Wire and test th e s ubchassis out-
hooves all of us who are ham s to p articipate side where every t hing is a cces-
3%:" x Ih " RACK PANEL si ble. Assemble t he subc hass is
in wha tever we can . 10" Depth $5 .00 PPC into the unit chassis and you
Check or M.O. No CO D hav e a professional pac kage.
... D avid G. Flinn W2CFP NYC Res. Add 5%
Excer-pted. from Comtuct NYS Res. Add 2% ) " x 6V: ..
Volume III xumber .. IIhhaur.
DEVICES
BOX 136 10463

MAY 1968 75
,
 Tani C. Allen WA4HRX
Army Radio Station
La Plata , Ma ryland 20646

Microfilm Your Magazine

There have been a coup le of good articles You then have th e "Where to find it" in-
in 73 about wh at to do to reduce the huge formation at your fin gertips, It will save
pil e of magazin es you h ave on h and and to vou time and frustrati on. It is much easier
increase your chances of find ing a partic ular to look at a shor t film strip than to go
article you want." th rough several back issues.
But even with these fine ideas I st ill find
myself having to look through most of the Techniq ues
magazines to find the article I want. The If vou have chosen any of mv ideas
• • •
annual indexes h elp, but even with those I or have thought of one better, let's begin .
still have to search a lot. The first thing you need of c~urse is a
Another p rohl em I have encountered is camera. Both 35mm and 16mm cameras
maga zine portability. I am in th e Army and are classed as m icrofil m cameras. I use a
move around quite a bit, four tim es in a 3,;mm camera and get very good results.
year and a half. I use my magazines and You will need a place to work which is
other books a lot and I need them with well lighted such as a room with a high
me. I needed a way to have the information wattage ceiling light. I use no direct light
witho ut the pound s. or Hash on the m aterial b ecause the glare
I have reduced my electronics library from the glossy p ages will over expose the
from m any pounds to a few ounces b y film . Believe me , a ligh t meter is of no use .
using microfilm techniques from the TV I use a camera sett ing of 1/8 second and
spy shows. I get two pages of informa tion f stop (leos opening ) 8. You will prob-
per frame of 3.:imm film. Thus, a total of ably have to use about a half roll of film
72 pages of information on a 36 exposure and experiment to And the correct sett ings
roll of film is possible. The weight is about for your p art icul ar camera a nd favori te
an ounce including the film storage can. type of film. Use ooly black and white film
There are many approaches to filming your and he sure to keep a log of your shot s
articles. The first approach is to film the for comparison with the negatives after
individual 73's or other electronics maga- developing.
zines. This gets you away from t he pound-
age hilt you still have the "Article, article.
whore's th e article?" q uestion .
I have been categorizing my articles .
This method is tim e consuming hut very
rewardi ng in the end. I1's nice to p ick up
a small can Iahled "Microfilm Vol. J. Co-
axial Cable Handbook , Parts I , :?, and 3,":!
and not have to go to three different issues
to get the information . I have given a
p arti al list of m y favorite categories in
Table 1.
The third id ea is the least expensive and
the least tim e consuming. You can film only Before . . . After
the annual Ind exes and the indexes of the Next , lay a ma gazine on the floor or any
magazines of the current year. This may. bac-kground you choose and de termine the
as all the other methods, be kept up to closest d istan ce you can get and still h e in
date from tim e to time h y sp licing your perfect focus. I can get only abou t 2 .75 feet
new film strips to the one already started . witho ut a close-up lens. Th is is adequate

76 73 MAGAZINE
 for most of your work, but a d ose-up lens
will give you m ore detail with less m agn ifica-
tion of the fi nished shot. If yo u don't h ave
one I sugges t the method used by
QUADS
K6 UGT,3 or if you prefer, you may order (.V )/, IJ ovt.v f)fRf"'CT TO rut: ."llU T H "Rj
a 13 inch close-up lens f rom Edm und Sci-
FIBERGLASS SPREADERS each $ 7.00
entific Co. for $ 1.10.
Yon will need a w ay t o keep your material QUAD KITS from 39.9S
Hat w hile photographin g it or part of it 6 METER QUADS from 23 .95
m ay he b lurred . COMPLETE QUADS from A9.95
A tripod is very h elpful in keepi ng a
fixed focus and holding th e camera steady.
But it is not really necessary unless vou ~k'lIt1"e PRODUCTS
have several articles to do at one time. .
,106 BO~ AIR , TE"IPl E TER RACE . FLA, 336 17
If you have a pile of m agazines to photo-
graph at one time, you will save yo urself a
Table I
lot of time b y havin g all the m agazines Volume I
open to the art icles yo u wan t to photograph Coa xial Cable Handbook, Parts I. 2, and 3
before y O I1 hegin.
Volume II
After you h ave taken a ro ll of RIm you Integrated Circuits
may do one of two things. You may t ake
Vol ume III
it to the local drug store to h ave it d eveloped
43 2 Mh z Eq u ipment
or you m ay do it yo urself with a Kodak
home developing kit. I p refer the do-it- Vo lume IV
vourse lf wav. 144 Mhz Equi pm e nt
. . In either case vall
. onlv' want
the negatives, no prints. and yo u want them Volu me V
in a strip. un cut. If you have microfilmed 50 Mhz Eq uip m e nt
only the ind exes as in the third method I Vo lume VI
described. you may want to moun t the VH F Test Equi pment
nega tives in slide mounts to view wi th a
Vo lu me VI I
slide projector. You can buy t he m ount s UHF Equ ipm e nt
in a camera shop and mou nt th em your-
self. If vo Vo lume VII!
. u h ave several articles on fil m , Te st Eq uip ment (G e ne ra l )
as I do, it is best to keep th em in filmstrip
form for convenien t filing and ease on Vol um e IX
viewing. You can get a fil m-strip projector Transistor Eq uip m e nt De sig n
fairly cheap if you shop around. As for Vo lume X
the screen it can be anything frem a w hite Antenna s a nd Antenna De sig n
bedsheet (beware of your XYL ) to a
home brew microfilm reader. Bind them in the binders available fro m
Don't limit yourself to m agazines. After 73 and store t hem in a safe, dry p lace.
yo u finish a logb ook you ca n film it for If you travel around as I do, store them
future reference and n ot h ave to worry in your in-law's gara ge until you settle
about sorting it. You could also m icrofil m dow n again, If you are real good heart ed ,
your "Idea F ile" ("Card-boarding." E d- you can d onate them to your local ham
ward Burke, W6FTA, 73, April. 1967 ) . The cl ub so th at th e newer h ams can b en efit
possibilities are only limited b v yo ur imagin- fro m them .
ation. I am very mu ch pleased with m y m icro-
Besides the advantages d escribed e arlier. fi lm library and I'm sure you will be just
you will find that the RIm will last mu ch as pleased with yours.
. .. WA4HRX
longer than the paper m aga zines. T he fi re
F oot not es
h azard s in yo ur shack will be greatly re-
1. " ~ [a k e The :\[08t Of Ma g-a:till £'s ," Jim Kirk. W6DEG,
d uced h y using film stored in m etal cans 7 3, IJec., ' 6 6. " Oe8li n g- Wit h The In forma tion Ex plo-
instead of b ookcases full of in fla mm able " io n," .Iamea Ashl', ,,'2 DXH, 73, ~[ IlY, ' 6 6
maga zines. ~. "'Seope Pi.... Tr ix," Fred Blseh mn n , K6U r.T, 73,
:\[111'('11 , 'u5
After you m icrofilm your m a gazin es d on't
:1. "Conx inl Cuble H a n d book, " J im Fisk, \\".\6RSO,
go in a m ad r ush to a trash can with th em. 7 3, J u ly, A u a., Sepl .. '6 6

MAY 1968 77
 Mfd. under
TELREX (Paid.) "BALUN" FED "INVERTED·V" ANTENNA KITS
='" "'"- Telrex Pat.
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EASY·TQ·INSTAll, HI·PERFORMANCE lOW.fREQUENCY ANTENNAS
2,576,929

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~ "Mono" Bands from $23.95-Also "Trapped" 2 and 3 Band Kits.
3, 4 or 5 Band "ccnrcet-tnverted-v'' Antennas from $52.95
3, 4 or 5 Band, 5 to 10 OB-"Emplrical-I.V.-Logs"-S.A.S.E.
T~L~~~ ~~R68 TELREX COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING LABORATORIES-ASBURY PARK, N. J. 07712

Breaking the 100,000 MHz Record

lXJ YOO R£A'.D fife; Yfflf! FB, IRI': ..
SIO? Ya,..~E#

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YOV,rc A1St'$,SII>. •.

WI 1',,,,1
..... LEARN CODE
.......
--. est NR 1 & NR 2 (1 tape) f or the prospective Novice, Technician,
General or Amateur Extra First. 3 to 25 wpm.
....... CSt NR 3 & HR 4 (1 tape) for the advanced operato r with a sin-
....... the right way-with cere desire to copy code sounds at rapid speeds. How to copy
..... Code 'Soundlanguagel,
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rj
b' blnd , etc.numerals
scramllled, 25 to 55 and
wpm,punctuation.
Botb ta,pes, ,I,nty of copy-,laln and
"The speci alized language of sou nd" lirings you a complete study Magnetic tape, T" reel , dual trac.k, 2 ~ours. Immediate delivery.
of the International Morse Code. Sati sfied users say-"Complete Send check or money order. (SpecIfy wh tch tepe.I $6.95 each.
YOU R receiving spe ed, master the code now I * * ** *
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Sound History Recordinl, Dept. 13, silx 16015, Wlshinaton, D. C. 20023

78 73 MAGAZINE
 Detriments Can Be Beneficial
1 think it was Will Rogers who said, "I can
USED MODEL 501 TV CAMERAS
see some good in everybody: '
If you will study the two figures in this ' . '.
article, you will see that deep lob es which
generally appear on b eams with high gain ,
" "
-.
•

can be used t o an advantage. In Fig. 1, we

are beaming a powerful signal at station X,
but when we change to receive, we are get-
ting a large amount of signal from station Y
which m akes receiving a bit difficult. MADE
IN U.S.A.
AJI we do to virtually eliminate signal Y
is to turn the beam a bit to the west until $1 60 .0 0 fOB Hollis
that signal is in direct line with the null Each month w e h ave a li mited number of
formed by th e side lob e that is not being used TV cameras w h ich we mak e available to
hams at greatly reduced p rices. These cameras
used. It will be noted that the signal to sta- were rented out fo r t em porary s u rveillan ce
tion X may he slightly atten uated, bu t t he jobs on construction s ites . cou nty f airs, con -
ven tions. etc. All h av e been c hecked ou t a n d
fact that we have, to all intents an d purposes, are gua ra n teed fo r 90 days. Compl ete with
vidicon a nd lens .
eliminated signal Y by placing it in the null,
we have actually gained more th an we h ave
lost. Used Model 501 sole priced
5160,00 FOB Hollis
N Don 't delay. Only a fe w u sed cameras a re
a vailable each mon t h . F or specifications sen d
Y STATION fo r our illu strated catalog.

VANGUARD LABS
Dept. H, 196·23 J a m ai c a A ve. , Ho lli s , N.Y. 11423

w E POLICE • FIRE • MARINE

AIRCRAFT • AMATEUR CALLS
ALL HEW 1968
X LINE TUNAVERTERS!
S CRYSTAL & TUNABLE = ~~:~f~N·~TY
N Tunable plul Crystal
)( STATION contrcll ed he lecll bl.
,I with I . it ch) loll d It atl

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Y STATON
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~En
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.. . . .

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unnrtefl to chan, 1
your ' auto a nd homi
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HI / '\ , UI '
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• Includes cou . mount & & lab or.
s scre.. . • Si1l-- 2Y2 l( SY2 x 4Y. Inch".
• Ntw fE T t ra n. lstor eseu- • Amer ican Made with Amer.
lator & circu it . h an Parts.
This will be of th e maximum good if sta- Models for AM & f M Tunable & Cr)'lbll
BA ND MODEL COVERS OUTPUT PR ICE
tion Y is near and very strong, and station CB & 10 M 27' X 26.9 -30 me 1500 Itc
X is weaker and further away. You are ac- 6 m ct ~s
2 meters
~04 X 50-5 4 mc
1450 X 1401-1-18 me
1500 ke
1500 Ite $52.95 Dlld.
tually making th e null in the b eam act much Police. fin. l,, ) '48 X 33-48 me 1500 Ite Each
Mar ine (1 U64 X 150-164 me 1500 Itc Leu emu!
like a notch filt er in a communications re- Ai rcraft 1828 X 118-128 mc l ~OO Itc
Moder. fo r AM & F M Tu nab le only
ceiver. The null is very pronounced and you Mar in. Mar ine 2.0-2. 85 mc 5.50 Ite $1 9.95 Plld.
SW & WWV SW L 9.5-16 me 1500 Ite $1 9.95 ppd.
can get an immense amount of rejection Coupl1ng Loop & Ext. Ant enna for use with
through this method . .More important. is the home and Transistor Radio, •••••.• .• • . ••••. $3.9.5 Plld.
)foblle Bathry Eli minator, 12V to llY .• • • • • . . $4.9.5 PDd.
fact that it doesn't cost a dime. That's pretty Crystals- State Exact Lb tenl ni I"·J Cll. •• ••• • • • $.5.1 0 Plld.
nice in this day and age-someth ing for almost Order from: Fast A IR M Ai l add $ .85 ea .
nothi ng. HERBERT SALeH &: CO. ltfarkt ting Division of
Wood. boro 76. Texas }'S39S T ompkins Radio Products
. .. Bill Roberts W 9HOV

MAY 1968 79
 Full Break-in for the Galaxy III or V
Since I like C\V and also like to operate C. A. Bierbaum, W0JHD
witho ut h aving to move anyth ing but the 2728 Avenue G
Council Bluffs, Iowa 5150 I
key; I was forced to fi nd some w ay to use
my G alaxy III on CW break-in .
This system h as been in use for one an d
one-half years now and is w orking for m e M ake a jum per so that the external relay
and severa l other p eople who h ave tried contacts can be used to com p lete the keying
it with the Galaxy III and G alaxy V. No circuit .
VOX is required as th e VOX is inoperative Now w ith th e function switch in C\ V; key
in the C \V p osition of th e Galaxy. the push-to-talk line for full break-in op-
~o dam age is done to th e transceiver eration. If operation is desired or n ecessary
an d the modification could b e accomplished w here you will be zero beat with your co n-
is as litt le as te n mi nutes. tact, an exte rn al or Remote VFO will be
On th e fro nt w afer (p anel wafer ) of the necessary. The carrier is no longer shifted
fu nction switch near the top , you will find in relation to th e receiver when you transmit.
the lead coming from the push-to-t alk line. Normally this is no handicap as the difference
T wo co ntacts arc jumpered h ere with the is th e aud io pitch or frequency of the re-
lead coming from th e p ush-to-talk lin e being ceived C\V note, which is a kHz or less.
hooked to th e contact used in the tune This system is sim p le and w orks well
posit ion. Th c fu nction switch is used t o witho ut disturbing other fun ctions of this
ground one side of the relay in th e Tune fi ne transceiver. No abnormal wear of th e
an d C\ V p ositions via these contacts. If you relay or associated parts have b een noticed
will simply cut this jumper ; the jumper after one and one half years of operation.
can he re-soldered if original operation is Keyin g is good with no noticeable ill effects
desired. on th e note . Speed is going on the relay
When thi s jum per is cu t; the unit will with about fift y words per minute being
fun cti on normally except in the C\V position. about tops.
In th e C\V p osition all of th e normal changes One clip ( of the dikes ), on e jumper (via
(incl uding carrier shift) will be made; ex- connectors on the b ack panel ) , no holes or
cept that the transceiver is receiving not dam age, and a good time is had by all;
tra nsmitting. . . . W0JHD

110·120 VOLT OXERS and OXERS-TO-BE

A ,C. 1,500- ll"Q tt , eO-cycles, Want to keep up to the minute of what's
Light I'tant jeanbett dr iven
from pickup or small gas happeninq DXwise1 Subscribe to Gus
ellgine. OJ;er a l l'R saws , drills. Browning W4BPD's new weekly OXERS
lights, even 'I'. Y. "' e l g h ~ 2.~
pOllrl,k Gu a ra nte ed . With MAGAZINE. 16 p.ges of OX events, com-
voltmeter. switch. 8mI pulley. ing up DXpeditions, QSL info, pix, etc.
Regular $~f).,'jO, now $~9.50 .
xend check or money order. R~tes, US surface $8.50. US air mail $10,
Virde n Perma -a ut, BGX 7066 S .T . Ama rfl!o , T ex. 79 109 West Indigs $16.50, S. Amorica and Eur-
o pe $ 19. rest of world $28.

The OXERS MAGAZINE

c/o W4 BPO
Route I, Box 161·A,
Cordova, S.C.. U.S.A.

7Sl0 IIlG BEND

ST. LO UIS. MO. 6111.9
( )l4) 6+4_1S00
RENEWAL CODE
The two numbers under your call on the ad.
dress label are the expiration code. We have
tried to mek e it simple. The first number is the
ALUMI NUM TOWERS month that we send you the last copy on your
subscription and the second number is the year.
Sen cl p osl corcl /or Lilerolure 78 would be July J 968, for example.

80 13 MAGAZINE
 R.ffrenl'eS
F=AIRCHIL.C 73 MAGAZINE

RF/IF LINEAR AMP

I 703H RF
FEBRUAR Y 1968

""ca~ CIfl(I,IIT AH'l,. ICATtOq

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U 4-2N364J N PN, 250MC, 3 $OMW Fairc hi ld $1
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 Getting Your Higher Class License
Part II - SSB

Last time around , this study corner for At the beginnin g it must be emphas ized
the new Advanced Class examinations went that th e d iscussion here is not Intended to
into radio waves and propagation. The sub- be exhaustive in detail, man y times the avail-
ject this month appears to be far differcnt- ab le space would be required for th at. It
single sideband- but the two are more closely will, however, more th an suffice for the
allied than yon might think. examinations-and, if you're interested, will
The study-list questions dealing with SSB set you off on th e track of those not-yet-fuIly-
which we're going to examine in this instal- answered exhaus tive questions.
ment arc: \Vhat Are Sidebands? Before we can begin
to answer this questi on, we must define
3 . \Vhat methods are most commonly
several other terms- such as "aud io". Any-
used to genera te single sideband sig-
thing our ears can perceive comes to us as
nals? Draw a block diagram of the
sound waves in air at audio frequency.
fil ter method showing all essential
These sound (pressure) waves correspond
stages. How can a low frequency ssn
to electrical waveforms of the same relative
signal be converted to the desired
intensities and absolute frequencies. An elec-
transmitt ing frequency?
trical sine-wave applied to a loudspeaker pro-
7. what types of emissions can he re-
d uces a " " amI 10
pure ' tone.
ceived with selectable sideband re-
ceivers? Most sounds are no t sine waves of air
pressure, and so their corresponding electrical
8. The ra tio of the peak envelope power
waveforms are not sine waves either. A some-
to the average power in a SSB signal
what advanced math ematical theory says,
is primarily dependent on what?
however, that an y waveform w hich is not a
25. How can SSB signals be amplified with
little or no distortion? sine wave can b e proved to b e iden tical
with one composed of many different sine
44 . How do es the peak envelope power
waves. Because of this, and the fact that it's
input of an amplifier used for CW
not hard to deal with sine waves mathematic-
compare to the PEP of an SSB a mpli-
ally but next to impossible to deal with any
fier when using th e maximum legal d e
power? other representation of the waveforms of
sound, communications engineers for several
Just as we did before, let's re-phrase those generations have spoken of sound in terms
five specific questions into five more general of the band of sine waves represented in the
q uestions wh ich will include the original Fourier equivalent of the actual sound wave-
ones as well as most of the possible variat ions. form.
Perhaps a bit obvious, bu t st ill the best T he audio-freq uency band, for mos t adults,
starting place, is the question "What arc ran ges from a low end b etween 15 and 50 Hz
sidebands?" Next in line comes the more to a high end between 10 and 20 kHz. Most
specific one which will fence in our sub ject of the actual sound energy is concentrated
matter: 'What is meant by 'single sideband' in the frequen cies below 1 kHz. More than
signals?" 20 years ago, researchers in acoustics dis-
Onee we are reason ably sure w e und er- covered that speech could be transmitted ac-
stand what a SSB signal is, we're ready to curately within a band ranging from 300 to
ask «How are SSB signals generated?" By 3000 H z; this is now considered th e "no rmal"
this time we will have definite answers for speech b andwidth.
questions 3, 8, and 44. Two more questions Radiotelephone transmissions of any type,
- "How is SSB transmi tt ed?" and " How is however, do not try to transmit these audio-
SSB received?"-will wrap the suhject up frequen cy waveforms directly. \ Vhile such
neatly. waves can be p ropagated with hu ge antennas

82 73 MAGAZINE
 ..,
----- flllXEIIl
seer
"'" ....
'"
ssor
,'""
.~ " FREO
1rII' :W:ES
.""
SIDEBAMlS

" ..""
TRANSM ITTER RECEIVER .., 1 r-
J8ANO l

Fig. I. This simplified diagram shows how sound waves at the transmitter are converted to an audio-fre-
quen cy band . th en milled with an rf spot frequency for transmission and radie ted . At the receiver, the
process is re ....ersed , result ing in new sound waves which ere essentially duplicates of the originals. Same
pr ocess app lie s t o a ll rad iotelephon e transmission; d etails of the milling vary fr om technique to technique .
SS8 , for instance, eliminates 75"-0 of the transmitted material but holds all information cont ent.

and megawatts of power, the process is the original rf, rather than spot frequency
neither efficient nor practical. All phone positions. These are "sidebands", and every
operation is accomplished by translating the radiotelephone signal must b e involved with
audio band up to the desired spot in th e rf them, since they and th ey alone carry the
spectru m for transmission, and bringing it audio information to th e receiver. Even FM
back down to aud io frequencies for the bene- has its sideband s, surprising as that may
fi t of the receiving operator. This is ac- sound.
complished by the "mixing" process which is At the receiver, the two sid eb ands and
a lso the heart of a superhet receiver. the origina l rf "carrier" a re app lied to a
Wh at is "mixing"? \ Vhen two electrical d etector circuit, wh ich is simply another
waveforms of d ifferen t frequency are applied type of mixer. The rf sidebands and the rf
to any circu it which is not completely free carrier aga in undergo a mixing process; the
of distortion , more th an two waveforms come «d ifference" in this case is a reproduction
out. Among th e "new" waveforms whi ch of the original audio waveform.
emerge is on e whi ch represents the sum Fig. 1 shows the process; it is the same for
of the original fr equencies, and another nCB disc jockeys, military communications,
wh ich represents their difference. A go od F .M, AM , DX, or local work. In every case,
mixer will have no other outputs , a poor the aud io put into the transmitter is con-
one, or a circuit in which mixing is only verted into rf sideb and energy, the rf side-
incidental, will have many others, including band transmitted to the receiver, the received
harmonics of each of the original signals sideband converted ba ck to an audio-Ire-
and of each of the o utp uts, as wen as the q uency waveform, and th e waveform finall y
sum and d iffere nce p roducts between each converted back into sound .
pai r of outputs taken separa tely. If you Wh at Is Meant By "Single Sideband"
imagine this as being quite a mess, you are Signal')? More than 40 years ago, an ingen-
absolutely correct. ious engineer with A.T.&T. noticed that the
If one of th e original waveforms was in mat hematical expressions which indicated
the rf region and the other was a pure sine that sidebands existed also sho wed th at th e
wave of audi o, th e "sum" will b e a new two sidebands which accomp any every
radio frequency above the original rf b y the «no rmal" phone signal were identical in
freq uency of the original audio, and the every respect but one-their freq uency and
"difference" will be a second new radio p hase relationship to the original "carrier"
frequency w hich is below the original rf signal-and that this one was a simple mirror-
by the same amo unt. These are known as image relationship .
"side frequencies" since they are alongside F rom this, he reasoned that it was a sheer
the original rf in the spectrum . waste of power t o generate and transmit
If th e audio in put to the mixer, however, both the ca rrier and one of the sidebands.
w as a "band" type of sign al rather than a A single sideband , alone, would convey all
sine wave, then th e "sum" and "d ifference" the audi o. It was an ambitious theory-but
frequencies will also occupy b ands alongside w hen it worked as expected, in 1927, it

MAY 1968 83
 •• >-_...u..WJ.
Fi g. 2. Spectru m views of original a udio
ba nd and resulting transmitted RF for nor-
mal AM (top) , DSB, and SSB, assuming
o
carrier freque ncy of 3805 kc for a ll thre e.

proved fo r the first time that the sidebands ".

.~

actually existed, and also established the TRANSMITTED AI' CCAAAIEI'l AT 3805 Utr )

single-sideband t echnique for radiophone

communicatio ns. Fig. 3, to illustrate how receiver tunin g
For th e first 20 years or so, single sideb and affects the pitch of the received signal.
was exclusivel y a commercial technique. The important thin g to re member about
Getti ng rid of the carrier an d especially of a SSB signal is that it is the audio signal
the unwanted sideband was a tricky opera- itself, translated directly into the rf spectrum.
tion ; more eq uipment was necessary tha'n Conventional AM phone. on the other hand,
most hams could affo rd in those days. The is a "coding" of the audio into rf. The SSB
only reason the original experiment could signal cannot be permitted to suffer distor-
succeed was the ve ry low transmitting fre-
quency used (below 50 kHz ) , at which ,
an tenna resonance alone provided a suffi- BI'O I
,
0' ,
ciently sharp filter to reject the unwanted ,
sideband and prevent its radiation.
However b y 1948 the time was rip e, an d
O. G. Villard (with othe rs) put W6YT, the
Stamford University club station, on the
0
,
,
"'0 ' 000

air with SSB. \ Vith in a few weeks, the new ,

,,
oro
technique had caught on nationwide. The """,w~ ,,
'50s saw the battle of the sidebands spread ,,
across the HF bands, and by the early
, ,
years of this decade SSB was even a st andard I
operating proced ure on VHF and UHF
0 oc ace
bands.
The cha racteristic of an SSB signal, tuned Fig. 3. Effect of receiver mistu ning on sse sig nal
in on an ordinary receiver, is a "Donald is to shift pitch of all pa rts of sig nal. IOO·cyde tu n-
D uck" or monkey-chatter sound . This re- ing error, bottom, makes all parts of sig nal 100 cps
sults from the total lack of a "carr ier" sig- to o high. This is small error for high-frequen cy por-
nal against which to mix the sideba nd . In- tions. but is IOO-percent error for lows. Result is el-
most unintelligible sig na l. W ith DSB , result is worse
stead , the sideband mixes with its own -some of wron9 sideb and gets into output.
strongest components, or with any nearby
carrier th at happens to lie in the AF region
around the sideb and itself. tion at any st age after it is generated, or the
\ Vhen a locally-supplied "carrier" from individual freq uencies with in the band will
the receiver's BFO is provided , however, and mix with each other to cre ate sum and
the re ceiver is carefully tuned, there is the difference products which were not origin-
original aud io. If you don't like the tone of ally present. These sum and difference pro-
the other guy's voice, you can move the ducts not only cause annoying and illegal
tuning just a trifle an d shift his voice an interference to other operators ( who know
octave or more. it as "buckshot" ) but can themselves mix
Figs. 2 & 3 shows the spectru m representa- with each other to introduce add itional dis-
tion of the original audio signal (speech) , tortion back into the original signal.
this same audio translated to rf b y normal The single sideband signal must b e pro-
AM, as a SSB signal (with the missing tected against distortion from th e time it
carrier and sideb and dotted) , and as re - is originally generated until it is once again
covered in the receiver. Both p erfect tuning returned to the aud io range; this requires
and mistuning of the receiver are shown in not only carefully operated linear amplifiers

84 73 MAGAZINE
 in the transmitter, hut specially designed exact power of a SSB signal at any instant
detector circuits-product detectors-in the is determined b y the voice w aveform which
receivers. Development of such circuits is it is carrying, since the signal is the voice
one factor in the rapid rise to prominence waveform translated up into rf. Our voices
of SSB. range from no sou nd at all , during pauses
In all of this discussion, the emphasis has between words, up to rather explosively
been on the direct electrical differen ces intense sounds as those which form the
which mark a SSB signal. Were these the words "boy" or "plow". The power level of
only differences, hardly anyo ne would be the SSB signal at its most intense or "peak"
willing to use SSB. These direct electrical value is known as the "peak envelope
differences, however, produce some startling power" .
operational differences which make SSB You cannot read the peak envelope power
appear almost 10 times more powerful under of an SSB signal from any meter, since the
difficult operating conditions than ordinary meters respond far too slow ly. If you moni-
phone at its best. tor power output of a transmitter with an
One of the differences is the fact Ihat since oscilloscope, you can measure peak envelope
only one sideband is transmitted, only half the voltage and from this read ing calculate the
spectrum is necessary. This tends to reduce p ower.
interference between competing signals, and F CC regulations, however, require that
permits use of extremely selective receiving p ower input to an amateur transmitter be
techniques which also combat interference. d etermined b y metering the voltage and
A second difference also due to the presence current applied to all stages which deliver
of only one sideband is the fact that all the power to the antenna. They recognize that
legal power is carrying voice; in conventional d c meters cannot respond to the vari ations
AM, only half the legal power is carrying in level of a SSB signal, which are due to
voice-and that half is split between two the variations in sound intensity of your
essentially identical signals. In other words, VOIce.
a SSB transmitter can put out around 700
watts of talkpower on the average. \Vhile F or this reason , the regulations state that
the maximum power input as read by meters
an AM rig can produce only an effective 175
having a «~ -seco n d time constant" shall
watts or so. All the rest of the power in the
AM signal is either furnishing carrier or never exceed 1000 watts. The key phrase
is «J~~seco n d time constant", an d that includes
duplicating this 175 watts of effective voice
power. almost all high-quality meters. It means
Probably the greatest advantages offered that when voltage or current changes, the
by SSB, though, is its elimination of the meter read ing will follow it within ~ second
steady carrier signal. This signal, in AM Thus the meter needle never keeps up with
the voice peaks, but does record average
operation, is essentially the same strength
as w ould be produced b y the same trans- rather than peak power.
mitter opera ting CW with the key held The ratio of peak envelope power to
down. It has approximately 4 times the average power in a SSB signal depends
power of the accompanying voice sidebands. primaril y on the characteristics of the opera-
Two AM stations of approximately equal tor's own voice, and may range from abou t
strength, opera ting 2 to 3 kHz apart, 1.2-to 1 up to more than 2-to-1. 1£ your
will drown each other out with a beat note voice is such that the ratio is 2 to 1, then
eq ual in frequency to their frequency separa- you will be able to p roduce a legal 2000
tion. Two SSB signals of eq ual strength at watts of peak input p ower while the average
the same spacing cause little interference to upon which the regulations are based re-
each oth er; an operator listening to one will mains within the limits. If your voice pro-
h ear the other only as superimposed duces a 1.2 to 1 ratio, you can get only 1200
"monkey chatter" on top of an intelligible watts peak input while remaining in the legal
signal. kilowatt limit.
Elimination of the carrier and eoncentra- This is a notable bonus for SSB operation
tion of all the power into the sing le sideband when compared to either C\ V or AM opera-
offers a few more bonuses, and these are tion. A C\ V transmitter is not permitted to
important from a legal (licensing ) stand- run more than 1000 watts input under key-
point as well as for general operation. The down conditions. This limits its peak input

MAY 1968 85
power to 1000 watts regardless of the aver- In the "phasing" method, not one but two
age; when sending a string of mostly dits, balanced modulators are employed. The rf
the average power would b e about 500 watts. signa l is phase-shifted by 90 degrees between
An AM transmitter is limited to 1000 watts the oscillator and one of the balanced modu-
input in the absence of modulation . Addition lators, and is applied to the other modulator
of 100% modulation brings the peak input up without any phase sh ifting. Similarly, the
to 1500 watts ( 1000 watts carrier and 500 audio signal is shifted in phase by 90 degrees
watts in th e sideb ands, contributed by the before its application to one of the modulat-
modulator ) hut this is still less than the pos- ors, and is applied to the other with no phase
sible 2000 watts with SSB. Especially when modification. Phase relationships in the mod-
you consider that only 2050 of the AM rig's ulator circuits make one pair of sideb ands
1500 watts are useful and the rest are mere- (eithe r both lowers or both uppers) identical
ly taggin g along for the ride. in phase at the outputs, while the other ( un-
Despite the possible d-to- I advantage in wanted ) pair is 180 degrees out from each
peak p ower enjoyed b y SSB in comparison other. The unwan ted signals then beat •each
with C\ V, th e dits and dah s retain the advan- other's ene rgy ou t, while the desired side-
tage of maximum transmission range. This band components assist each other on through
comes about because C\ V ma y be received th e tran smitter. Either pair can be selected
with only 50 Hz bandwidth in. the receiver, by reversing connection of the two audio
while SSB requires a minimum of 2.7 kHz, paths to the two balanced modulators. Fig. 4
some 0540 tim es as great. The 4-to-l power shows a block diagram of this "phasing"
advantage is cancelled out exactly when C\ V technique.
is received w ith a 67,s-cps bandwidth . Cut- In the "fil ter" method, the rf signal is ap-
ting th at bandwidth in half gives CW a 2-to-l plied to only one b alan ced modulator. The
a dva n tage in effective received signal resulting double-sideband-less-currier signal is
strength, and each additiona l h alving of band- passed through · an extremely sharp filter
width douhles C\V's power advantage. which passes only one of the two sidebands.
For voice operation, though, no other tech- In the "phasing" technique, the original rf
nique can approach SSB's effectiveness. The signal can be at any frequency from the low
nearest competitor is wide-band FM , which if region up to VHF, and the only part of
requires receivers even more specialized than the generator which requires adjustment (b e-'
those for SSB and is also illegal on the HF' sides, of course, th e various tun ed circuits)
hands. is the rf phase-shift network. In th e «filter"
How A re SSB SignaL, Generated? Single technique, though, the original rf signal must
sideband signa ls may b e generated in any
of three ways . The two most common meth-
ods are by fil tering out the unwanted side- """
band, and by p hasing ou t of unwanted com- ~<-

p onents. The other method, known only as ""'"

.~'"
,....,
""-

...
MOO
SHIFT ER
"the third method", combines parts of both '- "..---
the filter and phasing t echniques, and is so "'"
!!Kl.

critical in operation that it is almost never

used. .--"- L-

Regardless of the method used, the starting ."

." '"
; 90 ·
SUM
NETWORK u
point is always an rf signal which is modu- ,-'.----
lated by th e aud io which is to he tran smitted. ,,'
No rma lly, the carr ier is elimina ted during the
"'
''"' '"
ON"
modulation process b y use of a "bala nced
.--:"--
"' ••• ~
RF-9O" U NU R
modulator". This is a circuit which accepts "'"
SHIFTER
as its inputs an rf signal and an audio signal,
one of wh ich is applied in push-pull and the Fig. 4. Bloc~ d iagram of phasing method of gener-
other of which is applied in p arallel, and ating SSB signa l. W ith phase relationships as shown,
lower sid eband signal is g enerated; to get upper
from whi ch outp ut is taken in push-pull. The
sideband , move either (but not both) phase-shift net-
resulting phase reversals of the rf signal as wcr]; to fe ed opposite modulator. Success depends
it mixes with the audio signal cancel out the upon careful adjustment of all controls; up to 40 db
constant-phase carrier comp onent and leave suppression can be obtained but 30 db is more usual
only the two sid ebands figure in practice.

86 73 MAGAZINE
 1\ .I "
.I AUDIO

"
DS8 FlFJ .I SSB AT
BALANCE D
MODULATOR NO
FLTER
; j3kHr BANDWIDTH
CARR IER
'"
OF .I MIXER OPERATING
FREQUENCY

FI)C IED
OF OS<
OF
'".
Fig . 5. Blod diagram of filter method of generating SSB signal. Either upper or lower sideband can be
g ene rated by modifyinq frequency of RF oscillator to prop erly position DSB signal at filter input, with re-
gard to filter's passband . Filter's rejection helps eliminate carrier and makes adjustment simplier than
with phasing method, but careful operation is still necessary.

be at such a frequency that the desired side- a sum output in the 20-meter band, and a
band matches the passband of the filter rather difference output on 75 meters. from the same
precisel y. Early RIter techniques could not 5-Mc VFO. The inversion caused by using
achieve the required selectivity at frequen- the difference frequen cy is the reason old-
cies very much above the audio range-one timers on SSB considered LSB standard on
of the firs t popular SSB filters operated at 75, and USB standa rd on 20. Anything lower
17 kHz! Mech anical filters raised the fre- than 9 MHz required LSB, and anything
quency up to the normal if region around 455 above USB. With improvements in operating
kHz, and development of crystal lattice net- and construction techniques in the past few
works has since raised the filter frequency as years, you can now find either sideband in
high as 9 MHz. Regardless of the frequency, use on either band.
it is fixed for anyone generator by the filter llow Is SSB Transmitted? Transmission of
frequency. In practice, phasing units are usu- a SSB signal neither begins nor ends with
ally also adjusted at fixed frequency. generation of the signal itself. Before being
Since the signal is at a fixed frequency applied to the SSB generator, the audio is
when the carrier and unwanted sideband are normally shaped for maximum effectiveness.
shaved off, some means of moving it to the Broadcast quality is not the objective; com-
desired operating spot must be provided in munications punch is. To meet this end. the
any practical gene ra to r. This normally bandwidth of the signal is usually limited to
consists of a stable VFO and a mixer which the effective 300-3000 Hz range. Often, some
is very like a receiver's product detector. Out- measure of volume compression is applied-
put of the mixer is then amplified as much although this will change the peak-ta-average
as desired (or to the legal li mit) by linear power ratio, by trimming the peaks back and
amplifiers. Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a boosting the normally weak parts of the syl-
typical filter-method SSB gene rator including lables.
the VFO and mixer stages. For the phasing method, frequency limit-
The VFO and mixer operate to transform ing is necessary; the phase-shift networks
the SSB signal to some other part of the rf operate well only within this range. In the
spectrum in just the same way as a normal filter technique, the limiting will be done
modulator or a receiver's mixer move audio by the filter anyway. Despite this, the audio
up to rf or vice versa. The mixer in a SSB is normally shaped at an earlier stage in order
generator is operated wi th particular care to concentrate power where it will be used.
so that no distortion products are introduced, Many operators begin the frequency-shaping
but the output always contains both original at the microphone by using a mike which
input frequencies, their sum, and their dif- responds primarily to the speech range and
ference. The "sum" frequency has the same tends to reject other frequencies.
characteristics as the original SSB signal, but The processed audio signal goes into the
the "difference" frequency is inverted and SSB generator, regardless of the sideband-
becomes the "opposite" sideband. One of generation scheme employed, and a SSB sig-
the favorite frequencies for generation of a nal at final operating frequency comes out.
SSB signal in the early days, and one which This signal is, however, rather puny; about
is still widely used, is 9.0 MHz. This permits the most produced by typical SSB generators

MAY 1969 97
is around one watt. To compete with the big tomatic load control" circuit which has gained
boys, amplification is necessary. wide popularity. In the speech-processing
And since distortion of any type is taboo portion of the transmitter, a compressor cir-
with SSB, the rf amplifier used must be of cuit is included. The control signal for this
the "linear" variety. Now "linear" is a word compressor is taken by rectifying and ampli-
with almost as many different meanings as fying the "hash" which appears in the final
it has users. The most general meaning is grid circuit as the grid draws current. Thus
"distortion-free". Any type of rf amplifier can when grid cu rrent appears, a control signal
be operated in a manner which makes it is applied to the compressor to reduce the
"linear" in this sense , but some types are easi- input signal level. This negative feedback
er to linearize than others. prevents distortion by automatically reduc-
For instance, to make a class C amplifier- ing drive whenever the input signal level is
typical of AM and CW fin al stages-operate excessive. Of course, like all "automatic"
as a linear, considerable special circuitry and d evices, it can be overloaded-but used with
careful adjustment is necessary. The net ef- some intelligence, it is a powerful aid.
fect is a sort of cross between an amplifier The main factor which prevents distortion
and a modulator, but it can be made to do a when the SSB signal is amplified in the trans-
good job if you have enough patience. The mitter, however, is the proper tuning and ad -
technique has been d escribed in detail else- justment of the amp lifie r stage. All adjust-
where; the idea here is to look at all the lin- ments must be on the nose for proper per-
ear amplifie r techniques but none in extreme formance: sloppiness which would never be
detail. noticed with most AM or C\V rigs results in
A properly adjusted class B amplifier-an a SSB signal which fills the band with "buck-
amplifier which is operated exactly at the shot" and can rapidly earn you a pink ticket
cutoff voltage-will reproduce the envelope for spurious radiation.
and frequency content of a SSB signal with- Grid bias must be at the proper level. T oo
out distortion, and so it too is linear. much will result in Intermodulation (third-
The class A amplifier-one in which plate order) distortion, and too little will restrict
curre nt is never cut off d uring the opera ting the amplifier's ability to handle high-level
cycle-is easiest of all to make linear. If signals. Drive must also be proper. Too little
grid bias is ad justed so th at plate current hurts only your output power: too much re-
remains constant through the syllable cycle, sults in flat-topping and consequent splatter-
and if drive to it is kept within bounds, it's ing over th e spectrum. Coupling to the load
difficult to make one of these distort. Un- (either next stage or ant enna ) must be cor-
fortunately, only about 20 to 25 percent of rect, so that the load reflects the proper im-
the de power comes out as rf, so they're not pedance back to the amplifie r plate. All of
the most efficient approach to the p roblem. these adjustments interact strongly with each
Most transmitter designers settle for the other. As a result, the only way to be sure of
class AB 1 app roach . This is an amplifier ad- proper operation is to tun e up with an oscillo-
justed to operate midway between class A scope.
conditions and those for class B; no grid
curre nt flows, and plate current rarely is re- To tune up with a scope, connect the
duced to cutoff (never in a properly operat- scope to the transmitter output (throu gh a
ing design ) , but plate current does vary coupling link, not direct ) and ap ply a two-
through the cycle. With no signal input, tone test signal to the input. \Vith a phasing
most amplifiers of this type are adj usted to rig, all you need do is insert carrier. \Vith a
dissipate the maximum power possible with- filter rig it is ofte n easier to apply two sine
in the tube ratings. As signal is app lied , plate waves of different frequency to the mike jack.
current rises-but dissipation decreases. Even- The scope should display a perfect bow-tie
tually, with continually increased input, the pattern if op eration is correct. Too much bias
point is reached at which additional input makes the diagonals of the bow-tie concave.
results only in distortion rather than in in- Too little bias, or too much drive, flattens the
creased output. Normally, though, grid cur- peaks. Too little loading makes the diagonals
rent is d rawn just before this point is reached . concave. For additional details on interpreting
The fact that most class AB} amplifiers the pattern, refer to any of the SSB h and-
are still distortion-free when grid current books. The important point to remember at
sets in can be used to advantage in the "au- this stage is that SSB signals may be ampli-

88 13 MAGAZINE
 .1 ., •1 as a «selectab le sideb and " receiver since it
" :MII(ER
"I "
"' '" PJ
AUDIO
can select either sideb and of a normal AM
signal.
A selectable sideband receiver can receive
OS, a ny type of signal which can fit within its
"" 3-kHz passband; it is not limited to just sin-
gle sideb and signals. The selectable sideband
(AI receiver ca n receive C\ V, SSB, DSB (double
Fig. 6. Block diagrams of (Al a communications sideband sup pressed carrier) , or A11 signals
receiver for AM/CW use only and (B) a selectable- interchan geably. It may b e ab le to receive
sideband receiver for AM/SSB/CW use. narrow-band F.\.I or PM signa ls as well, al-
though as a rule special detector circuits are
necessary for these «angle-modulated" (FM
AM aET or PM ) signals.
-,: Whether SSB, DS~I , or A11 signals are
"
,
,MiXER
.1
•1 "
....., being received on such a receiver, the tech-
nique is similar. The receiver's BFO is ad-
~
PRODUCT
justed to a point just outside one edge of the
cer passband, and the receiver is then carefu lly
tun ed until the signal becomes intelligible.
OS< -----
SlOEBANO
sa.ecr
,ro If an AM signa l is being received, the receiv-
er is tuned for zero-beat (or the BFO may
(BI be turned off) . This effectively shaves the
unwanted sideband from a DSB signal, tu rn-
ing it into an SSE signal at the receiver in-
stead of at the transmitter.
fled without distortion onl y b y a properly d e-
signed and p roperly operated «linear" ampli- C\ V signals a re tun ed in by the same meth-
fier. Either p oor d esign or poor operation will od except that th e BFO m ay be ad justed to
introduce distortion , and conseq uent illegal some other p oint on th e passband, depending
operation . upon your own p ersonal preference in beat-
H rnv Is SSB Received? Once transmitted, note pitch - Some operators like relatively
the SSB signal must be received. While al- high notes, aro und 1 kl l z, while others prefer
most any receiver can be u sed ( it's a matter low pitches. from 50 to 200 Hz.
of record that one-tube regenerative «bloop- A good AC C system is also essential in a
ers" have successfully copied SSB ) . most op- receiver for SSE use, since the signa l varies
erators consider a reasonab ly good sup erh et at such a rap id rate. Normal Ave won't work
with sharp selectivity, a slow tunin g rate, and right; it cuts in and out far too rapidly, pro-
exceptionally stab le oscillators the minimum ducing a "thump" each time it cuts in and
for serious SSB use. permittin g noise to roar up b etween syllables
Importance of stability is directly due to of a w ord. F or sideband use, a "fast-attack"
the small margin of error for reinsertion of the "slow-release" system is necessary ; th is one
supp ressed carrier; a mistake of as little as 20 acts rapid ly when signal strength increases,
Hz-cthat's the same tolerance broadcast-band but holds gain down for some time after th e
comme rcial stations must keep- is clearly aud- signa l goes down (as long as 1 second in
ible. Much more scrambles the voice beyond many cases ). This permits the receiver gain
recognition . The slow tuning rate is impor- to match the average rather than the peak
tant for the same reason ; a jeweler's delicate levels of the SSB signal.
touch can substitute for th is, though - Selectivity, stab ility, slow tuning, and good
The selectivity is necessary in order to take Ace are all essential to SSE reception . Yet
ad vantage of the capab ility present in the all of th ese are wasted for long-session use
SSB signal. If the receiver's accep tance b and unless the actual d etector circuit of the re-
can be trimmed d own to just the width of the ceiver is properl y d esigned. Today's receiv-
one sideband in whi ch you're interested , ers almost invariably include "product d e-
then all possibly inte rferin g signals near the teeters" for SSB use; the older breed , wh ich
sideb and but not actually in it will be re- is still with us in large numbers, did not.
duced or elim inated. Such a receiver is known The p roduct detector is simply a name for

MAY 1968 89
~--------------------I a type of low-distortion mixing circuit which
accepts two radio frequencies (normally the
1
I
BUCK-TEN BAGS ! I
if and the BFO ) and produces only the sum
and difference outputs, without adding inter-
I SILICON DIODES I modulation distortion or other forms of gar-
I 12 20 40 SO 100 240 I bage to the audio output.
I PIV AMP AMP AMP AMP AMP AMP AMP I By contrast, the older diode or peak enve-
I 50 .25 .50.55 1.50 I
I 100 .1 2 .25 .35 .75 .80 2.00 lope d etectors produced distortion levels as
200 .1 5 .30 .50 1.00 1.05 1.50 2.50 I
400 . 18 .35 .70 1.25 1.30 3.00 I high as 15$ of the au dio signal itself. This
500 .20 .50 . to 1.50 1.60 2.00 4.00 difference didn't have much effect during
600 .24 .65 1.00 1.75 1.90 " .40 I
800 .30 .75 1.10 2.00 5.00 I short listening sessions- b ut during contest
1000 .] 5 .90 1.40 2.]5
operation, for instance, it made the difference
2N&7Q Germ Audio. Gain over 100 10/$1.10 I hetween keeping the top of your head in
FET's mostly C610·C615 types, w/spec she.t ]/1.10 I
200 miniature glen diodes, unchecked 200/1.10 place and hlowing it clean off your scalp I
2N424 MESA 80 watt ] /1.10 To sum up reception requirements for 88B,
CK.722, a rea l value 6/1.10
Figure 6 shows block diagrams of ( A) a com-
VARACTORS u p.rlmutal pad: w/sh••t 20/1.10
2N2875 20 Watt Planar 4/LIO munications receiver for AM /CW use only
2N697 Hi Iraq 2 watt TO-S 15/1.10 and ( B) a selectable-sidehand receiver for
2N69' Hi Iraq 2 watt TO·5 15/1 .1 0 AM /SSB / CW use - Note that the sideband
VARACTOR 40 Watt . Im to MA--4060A whir. ea . 4.00
IN251 SlIlean diode, UHF mixer 20/1.10
receiver contains all the required functions
TO·5 511. power mb 2N4'8-2N546·2NS4' 10/1 .10 for the other two types of reception, and
TO·] Mix, 20·50 watt, 2N155·2N2SS B/LIO merely adds a few new ones.
MICRO TRANSISTOR Planar Epitaxial w/sht 25/1.10 N ext: One of the most important areas
FLY SPECK transistor , micro miniature B/LIO
MICRO DIODE silicon 20/1.10
of any license exam d eals with transmitter
I 2N706 HI freq . 400 mc 7/1.10 design and ad jus tment techniques. N ext
I BI·SWITCH m.ke I.mp d immer etc. w/sh..t 2/1.10 time we'll get into the first of three looks
I 2N I417 Audio silicon NPN 15/1.10 at this key sub ject. D on't go away . . . •
I 2N670 Silicon udio 10/ 1.10
I 2N I059 NPN G ermanium AF 10/1.10
2N'1l PNP G ermanium AF B/L10
2N404 Populu type PNP switc hin9 &/LIO I
2N414 PNP IF Germanium '/1.10
2N990 Germ. RF futory branded 6/LIO I
60 WAIT silicon 2NI208-2NI209·2NI210 types 3/1.10 I
" WAIT silicon Mew 2N49B 4/1.10 I
ZENER • 6 volt .2 amp 4/1.10 I GET YOUR NEW
GERMANIUM diod es C levlte EM-I 20/1.10 I
INB2 HI freq. mixer diode 25/1 .10 I ISSUE NOW!
TO·IB HI-freq. swltchin9 RF transistors 25/1.10 I Over 283, 000 QTHs
TO·S HI freq . switchln9 RF t ransistors 25/1.10 I in the U.S. ed ition
BI·DIRECTIONAL Silicon transistors 15/1.10 I
2N223 PNP germ AF, 900d gen. purpose 6/1.10 $6.95
I 500 uufd Mica fe.d·thru button 15/1.10 I Over 135,000 QTHs
I IBM MEMORY CORES w/spec sheet 2oo/LIO I in the DX edition
RESISTOR - MIX 100 units 1/2 w.tt 100/ LlO I $4.95
I DISC CERAMIC CAPACITORS, mixed 100/1.10
I 2000 volt I .mp d iode ea/ .80 See your favorite dealer or
I 3000 vo lt I . mp diode "/1.20 order dire ct (add 2S e for
I REED SWITCH mlnl.ture 91aSS 6/1.10 ma iling in U.S., Possess ions
I PHOTO-eElL resistive type 211.10 These valuable EXTRA features & Cana da . El sewhere add
I PHOTO.CEll, g enerates electricity 2/LIO Included in both editions! SOC).
I SILICON DIODES Ph amp mixed volta911 15/1.10 e QSL Managers Around the e Radio Amateurs' Prefixes
GEIGER COUNTER chassis, less tube 04.S0 World! by Countries!
INFRA RED viewing tube, see In dark, w/specs 4.50 • Census of Radio Amateurs e A.R.R.L. Phonetic Alphabet!
AIR FORCE throat mike w/str.p .60 throughout the world!
• Radio Amateurs' License • Where To Buyl
MICROPHONE, small spy type w/experiment sht 3/1 .10 Class! • Great Circle Bearings!
All above mat-rial shipped postpaid I.. the • World Prefix Map! • International Postal
e International Radio InfOrmation! .
U.S. S.ad 2Sc for lal'ge catalOtl of rna..,
Amateur Prefixes • Plus much more!
marl' l.. terestl"9 It-ms.
Abo.... tro..slston rna, be lIlarked or u..mo ....d.
vnn FOk RAOIO AMATEUR II6CC k
~
JOHN MESHNA JR. FkII ca INC
19·A Allerton St.• Lynn Mass. 01904 BkOClIl/k!! Dept. B,4844 W. Fullerton Ave.
--------------------- , ~._.' >
Chicago, III. 60639

90 73 MAGAZINE
 WE REALLY CAN'T SERVICE BY MAIL
BUT WE CAN BY PARCEL POST
W e. want to thank the fellows that wrote to us in response to our ad in
73. The mail has been heavy and, to our surprise, from all over the country.
Some fellows wrote, giving the symptoms of their equipment and asking
what might be done to fix it. W e can fix anything we can get our hands
on, but diagnosis by m ail is beyond us. Perhaps the T echnical Advisory
Group of 73 can help with this.

THE PROCEDURE
1. Pack up the equipment you want repaired, calibrated or aligned.
Include all cables, accessories. instruction books, schematics, probes,
or whatever. Include also a description of what is wrong. This can
save a lot of time.
2. Ship the works to us. Insure it.
3. ' Ve will take a close look at it and send you a writte n estimate
of the repairs needed and the cost. This estimate will not be exceeded.
4. W hen we get the go ahead fro m you we will service your equip-
ment, bill you for it, and return it. In no case will the bill be for m ore
than the es timate . In most cases it will be less.
5. Our work is guaran teed. If we don't do what we said we'd do
then we'll make it right at no further charge to you.

If you've got something that needs fixing why not bundle it up and send it to us
for repairs? We charge hem-type prices for fixing ham gear. We can not only get
your rig working again, we can align your receiver, perk up your transmitter, find and
replace any weak tubes or transistors, calibrate your receiver and test equipment.

• Have you blown that meter on your YOM? • Receivers should be aligned
• Is your receiver making strange noises? at least every two years.

• Is your transmitter • Your two-way mobile giving miseries?

giving you troubles? • Your CB rig need help?
W e are an authorized distributor for Cushcraft antennas, for Rohn towers and
AR speakers. You really should call us for prices on these.

Test Equipment
We BUY - SELL - RENT - LEASE

LEGER LABORATORIES
Groton Street, East Pepperell, Mass. 01437 Phone 617.433·6771

MAY 1968 91
-

Technical Aid Group

If you have a question which can be Richard Tashner WB2TCC, high school
answered adequately through the mail, student, 163-34 21 Road , Whitestone, New
look through the following list of TAG York 11357. General.
members and write to one whose specialty J. J. Marold WB2TZK, 01 Division, USS
covers your problem area. Be sure to ex- Mansfield DD278, FPO San Francisco, Cali-
plain your problem clearly and write leg- fornia 96601. General.
ibly. Enclose a Self Addressed Stamped Ira Kavaler, WA2ZIR, BSEE, 671 East
Envelope for a reply. Do not ask a mem- 78 Street, Brooklyn, New York 11236. SSB
ber to design a piece of equipment for you. transmitting, color TV, computer program-
The purpose of this group is to assist the ming and systems, digital, radio and remote
ham with problems he encounters in the control, rf transmission lines, dipole design,
course of building or trouble shooting. audio amplifiers, linear and class C rf ampli-
John Allen, KIFWF, highschool student, fiers.
51 Pine Plain Road, Wellesley, Mass. 02181. Fred Moore, W3WZU, broadcast engineer,
HF and VHF antennas, VHF transmitters 4357 Buckfield Terrace, Trevose, Pa. 19047.
and converters, AM, SSB, product data, and Novice transmitters and receivers, HF and
surplus . VHF antennas, VHF converters, receivers,
Bert Littlehale, WAIFXS, 47 Cranston AM, SSB, semiconductors, mobile test equip-
Drive, Groton, Conn. 06340. Novice trans- ment, general, product data, pulse tech-
ceivers, test eq uipment and homebrew pro- niques, radio astronomy, bio-medical eiec-
jects gone wrong. tronies.
Theodore Cohen W9VZLl3, BS, MS, PhD,
Bob Groh WA2CKY, BSEE, 123 Anthony
261 Congressional Lane, Apartment 407,
Street, Rochester, New York 14619. Special-
Rockville, Maryland 20852. Amateur TV,
izes in VHF / UHF solid-state power ampli-
both conventional and slow-scan.
fiers, but will be glad to make comments
on any subject. Walter Simciak, W4HXP, BSEE, 1307 Bal-
timore Drive, Orlando, Florida 32810. AM,
Jim Ashe W2DXH, R.D. 1, Freeville, New SSB, Novice transmitters and receivers, VHF
York. Test equipment. general. converters, receivers, semiconductors, mobile ,
G. H. Krauss, WA2GFP, BSEE, MSEE, test-equipment, general.
70-15 175 Street, Flushing, New York 11365. James Venable K4YZE MS, LLB, LLM,
\ViII answer any questions, de to microwave. 119 Yancey Drive, Marietta, Georgia. AM,
state-of-the-art in all areas of communica- SSB, novice gear, VHF, semiconductors, and
tions circuit design, analysis and use. Offers test equipment.
help in TV, AM, SSB, novice transmitter
and receivers, VHF antennas and convert- J. Bradley K6HPR /4, BSEE, 3011 F air-
ers, receivers, semiconductors, test equip- mont Street, Falls Church, Virginia 22042
ment, digital techniques and product data. General.
Charles Marvin W8WEM, 3112 Lastmer Wayne Malone W4SRR BSEE, 8624 Syl-
Road, RFD # 1, Rock Creek, Ohio 44084. van Drive, Melbourne, Florida 32901. Gen-
Will help with any general amateur prob- eral.
lems. Bruce Creighton WA5JVL, 8704 Belfast
Stix Borok WB2PFY, high school student, Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118. Nov-
209-25 18 Avenue, Bayside, New York ice help and general questions.
11360. Novice help. Douglas Jensen, W50G/K4DAD, BAt
Clyde Washburn K2SZC, 1170 Genesee BS, 706 Hwy 3 South, League City, Texas
Street, Building 3, Rochester, New York 77573. Digital techniques, digital and linear
14611, TV, AM, SSB, receivers, VHF con- Ie 's and their applications.
verters semiconductors, test, general, prod. Louis Frenzel W5TOM, BAS, 4822 Wood-
uct data. mont, Houston, Texas 77045. Electronic

92 73 MAGAZINE
keyers, digital electronics, IC's, commercial Roger Taylor K9AL D , BSEE, 2811 W est
equipment and modifications, novice prob- Williams, Champaign, Illinois 6 1820. An-
lems, filters and selectivity, audio. tennas, transistors, general.
George D aughters WB6AIG, BS, MS, 1613 Michael Burns Jr. K9KOI, 700 East Vir-
Notre D ame Drive, Mountain View, Cali- ginia Avenue, Peoria, Illinois 6 1603. AM,
fornia. Semiconductors, VHF converters, test SSB, receivers, transmitters, digital tech-
equipment, general. niques, novice help , general.
Glen H. Chap in, W6GBL, 3701 Trieste Jim Jindrick WA9QYC, 801 Florence
Drive, Carlsbad, Calif. 92008. HF and VHF Avenue, Racine, \Visconsin 53402. Novice
antennas, novice transmitters and receivers, transmitters and receivers, general.
VHF converters, semiconductors, receivers
John Perhay WA0DGW /WA0RVE, RR
A~I , SSB, general, surplus.
#4, Owatonna, Minnesota 55060. AM, SSB,
Tom O'Hara W 60RG, 10253 East Nadine novice transmitters and receivers, HF re-
Temple City, California 91780. ATV, VHF ceivers, VHF converters, semiconductors,
converters, semiconductors , general ques- mobile, product data, general. Has access
tions. to full specifications on almost all standard
Steve Diamond WB6UOV, college student, components presently catalogued by Amer-
Post Office Box 1684 , Oakland, California ican manufacturers.
94604. Repeaters and problems regarding David D . F elt WA0EYE, television engi-
legality of control methods. Also TV, novice neer, 4406 Center Street, Omaha, Nebraska
transmitters and receivers, VHF antennas 68105. Integrated circuits, transistors, SCll's,
and converters, receivers, semiconductors, audio and rf ampli fiers, test equipment,
aud product data. television, AM, SSB, digital techniques,
Orris Grefsh eim WA6UYD, 1427 West product data, surplus, general.
Park, Lodi, California 95240. TV, HF an- Tom Goez K0GFM , H q Co USAMAC,
tennas, 5SB, VHF antennas and converters, Avionics Division, APO New York, New York
receivers, semiconductors, and general ques- 09028. HF antennas, mobile, airborne com-
tions. munications equipment, particularly Collins
Hugh Wells, W6WTU, BA, MA 1411 18th and Ben dix gear, AM, F M, or SSB-HF,
Street, Manhattan Beach, Calif. 90266. AM, VHF, UHF, general.
FM receivers, mobile test equipment, sur- Robert Scott, 3147 East Road, Grand
plus, amateur repeaters, general. Junction, Colorado 81501. Basic electronics,
Howard Krawetz WA6WUI, BS, 654 measurements.
Barnsley Way, Sunnyvale, California 94087. PFC Grady Sexton Jr. RA11461 755,
HF antennas, AM general. WAIGTT /DL4, Helmstedt Spt. Detachment,
Carl Miller WA6ZHT, 621 St. Francis APO New York 09742. Help with current
Drive, Petalum a, Calif. 94952. Double side- military gear, information from government
band. Technical Manuals.
Howard Pyle W70E, 3434-7th Avenue, Sgt. Mich ael Hoff WA8TLX, Box 571,
S.E. , Mercer Island, W ashington 98040. 6937th Comm. Cp., APO New York 09665.
Novice help. Help with all types of RTTY both com-
mercial and military. Also data techniques.
Ronald King K80EY, Box 227, APO Covers conversion of military RTfY equip-
New York, New York 09240. AM, SSB, ment.
novice transmitters and receivers, HF re-
ceivers, RTTY, TV, test equipment, general. Eduardo Noguera M. HKINL, EE. RE,
Post Office Box Aereo 774, Barranquilla,
Charlie Marnin W8WEM, 3112 Latimer Columbia, South America. Antennas, trans-
Road, RFD 1, Rock Creek, Ohio 44084. mission lines, past experience in tropical
General technical questions. radio communications and maintenance, HF
M ichael Wintzer DJ4GA /W8 , MSEE, 718 antennas, AM , transmitters and receivers,
Plum Street, Miamisburg, Ohio 45342. HF VHF antennas, test equipment and general
antennas, A~l , SSB, novi ce gear, semicon- amateur problems. Can answer questions in
ductors. Spanish or English.

MAY 1968 93
,

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT
ALL VANGUARD CONVERTERS NOW USE
RCA DUAL GATE MOSFETS
FOR BOTH THE RF AND MIXER STAGES

•
, ••
., , --' ,..,

I .~

prices start at $19.95

The performance and fe a t ure s of our ne w co nverte rs are so spe ctacula r th at t hey ca n
only be fu lly described in our new ill ust rate d catalog which is available FREE. Send
for it tod ay a nd se e ou r e ntire line of converters, pre-amps and other communications
equipment.
VANGUARD now makes t he best converters. Buy one and be convinced.

VANGUARD LABS 196·23 Jama ica Ave . Dept. H

Hollis, N.Y. 11423

CORRECTION
YOUR CALL
I n the VHF Remote Control article (Ap ril,
Ple ase c heck yo ur ad dress la b el a nd make sure
that it is correct. In cases where no call letters page 32 ) please change the 35 second timer
has been fu rnished we have had to ma ke one up. in Figure 7 to a 3.5 second tim er. Also, on
If you find that you r label has an EE3*&* on it the voltage control relay, connect points two
th at mea ns we do n't know yo ur c all a nd would and three with a jumper. T his is fairly, but
a p precia te havinq it.
not completely obvious from the diagram.

D . E. Hausman, VE3BUE, 54 Walter Arthur J. Prutzman K3DTL, 31 Maple-

Street, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. \Vould wood, Dallas, Pennsylvania 18612. All ph ases
like primarily to help Canadians get their of ham radio. Can assist with procurement
licenses. Would be able to help with Novice of parts, diagram s, etc.
transmitters and receivers. William G. Welsh W6DDE, 2814 Em-
Frank M . Dick WA9JWL, 409 Chester p ire Ave ., Burbank. Calif. 91504. Cluh li-
St., Anderson, Indiana 46012. W ill answer censing classes and Novice problems.
queries on RTTY, HF antennas, VHF anten-
nas, VHF converters, semicond uctors, mo- Ralph J. Irace, Jr. , WAIGEK, 4 F ox Ridge
bile, gen eral, and microwave. Lane, Avon, Conn. 06001. Help with Novice
transm itters and receivers and novice theory.
Gary De Palma, WA2GCV / 9, P.O. Box
1205, Evanston, Ill ., 60204. Help with A~l, Iota T au Kappa Hadio Fraternity WiYG,
Novice transmitters and receivers, VHF Mu ltnomah College, 1022 S.W. Salmon St .,
converters, sem icond uctors, test equipment, Portland , O regon 92705. T h is group of
digital techniques and all general ham radio amateurs will answer any technical
questions. questions in the field of electronics.

94 73 MAGAZINE
 GLOBAL IMPORT COMPANY
TRANSKEY(Tl\1) MYSTERY PYRAMID LAMPl
Still Going Strong JET WATCH LIGHT UP THE HAM TABLE

Keyer
H a s b een sold around t he wor ld
and
to com merc ial s h ip oper ators a n d Monitor
ama teu rs. The n e w 'I'ra n s -Kev
( T M) is a n ew develop ment (or
h a m r ad io by lice n s ed h ams . A
h ighly s e ns iti ve relay d riv e n by
a bl ocking osc illa tor offering va r -
ia b le s peeds f ro m a f ew wor ds to 50 w pm.
6" high pyram id. Tel escopic
is b u t o ne i nte r esting f e ature . Th is e lim in a tes arm extends 15". Turn it on -
w o r ri es a b ou t v olta g e polarity o r potential.
The keye r and a ccompan y ing m onitor a r e both off , hi or low. Uses stan da r d
penlig h t cell powe r ed or a n ext e r n a l 6 v o lt ONLY GE bu lb. No need t o h eat the
s ource can be u sed. The k e y cont acts are a d- My s t e ry jet s econ d hand
justab le. A s in KIe s w itc h on the back c baRltes a ppears to be sus- whole room. Focus light where
operation f rom a u tom a tic (self complet in g pended i n spa ce. Cale n - you want it. Choose your color
dots and d&llhes) t o eemt-autom a t tc or "bug" d a r watch g ives date
o pera t io n [ no n-se l f completing) . No r ewtri nz also. W a te r res istant, - Br ig ht r ed , white, blue,
req u i r ed 8 S o n s om e k eye r a. Not a kit I Ready an ti-ma gne ti c. A real
to operate as code practic e un it o r w ith r ht' ! conve rsat ion item. Buy
beige or green. \Vt. about 2
Variable to ne cont rol. Dimensions o l keyer: t hem by t he dozen Ibs!
3 % x 5% x 1%. ... Kever- se t weig h s 2 Ibs . cheaper a n d s e ll o r g ive
Dot -spa ce r a t io adj u s t able . them aw a y I Yo ur ama-
teur r adio call letters
MO N IT O R separatel y available for p u t o n d ial lor a d d i-
code p ractice. Uses o ne penlight t iona l $1. One y ear
ONLY
b a t tery. H a s to n e contro l. gu ara n t ee.

,
,
•0 '
-- 0'
0'
0'
0'
o
• •
0 '

"
o
.
=4
HAND KEY & GAS LIGHTER! RADIO-THERMOMETER
A ll h a n d c r a fted w ith b a se of Italia n black o r w h ite CLOCK.HUMIDITY
m a r b le a n d a b ox o f w a lnut. W h en o rderi ng please
s pecify color b a.... e desi red. T he key ca n be u sed for $179~
code p rac t ice w ith a h igh p itc h buzze r o r a g as light.
The key an d its b a s e s it o n a cig a r e t t e box and is
fitted w ith It. g lass cover which d oubles as a n a sh
tray. This beau t. if u l h a n d m e.de t rea.su re comes from
J apan.
Novelty combination- su s-
MO NEY BACK GUARANTEE: R e t u rn ",ny it em in good con d ition pend on wall wit h g old col-
w ith ten days e rter r-eeei jrt f or fu ll r efund.
ored cha in, on stan d or t a ble.
e Ple usein clude $1 f or each item t o h e lp cover p ostag e a n d p a ckin g.
Californ ia r esidents add 6% s a les tax. Round maroon plastic ca bi,
NOTE: The Tra n s-K ey is unccndit fo nally guara nteed one y ear. net with br ass colored front
Nomi n a l s e rv ic e c b a rlte a fte r t hat. A ll keye rs are ser ia l numbered. rim . In one unit you g et an
Dist ribu tors wan ted on all It ems ,
alarm clock, a thermom eter,
a humidity indicator and a
Write to W6PHA, GLOBAL IMPORT CO. s ix tran sistor radio. Uses a
Box 246 EI Toro CA 92630 standar d 9 v battery.

MAY 1968 95
 Robert A. Mauro WB2UHY
/ 50-30 18 Ave.
W hitestone, N.Y. 11357

MONOBEAMS Frequency Spotting the "Sixer"

FOR Here is a crystal frequency spot for u se
MORE with the Heathkit "Sixer" (H W -29A ), using
two wires and a SPDT switch, Easy? You
OX PUNCH bet!
1. Remove the wire between lug 2 of L l.
Cu ah Croft Mo no beo ms com bine supe rio r e le ctrica l and
me chenice! feotures wi th the best q ua lit y mo te ria ls and lug 2 of L2.
a nd warkmonsh ip.
2 . Solder one end of an 8" piece of white,
A2B ·3 10 meter, 3 e leme nt , boom 10' 531 .95
A2B-4 10 meter, 4 e lement, bo om I B' 42.95 insulated wire to lug .2 of Ll.
A2 1· 3 15 meter, 3 element, boom 12' 39.95
A21 ·4 15 meter, 4 e le me nt, boom 22' 59.95 3. Solder one 8" length of red colored in-
A14·2 20 meter, 2 e lement, boom 10' 49.95 sulated wire to lug 2 of L2 .
A I A·3 20 mete r, 3 e le me nt, boom 20' 17.50
4. Connect a third wire (green) to lug 3
THE BIG WHEEL of TH switch.
HO RIZONTAl lY PO LA RIZ ED
360° GAIN ANTENN A 5. Mount SI (SPDT) on front panel di-
2 Meter # ABW. 144 511.95 rectly below the words "The Sixer ."
2 Boy Stocki ng Kit 3.95
4 Bo y Stocking Kit 11 .15 6. Feed all three wires through grom-
VHF·UHF COLINEAR ARRAYS
met U.
l igh t w e igh t High Gain A n t e n n a Systems 7. Connect wires to switch (S I ) as shown
Cl· 116 2 meter, 16 element 511.50 in Fig. l.
Cl -2 16 1114 meter, 16 el ement 14.50
Cl · 416 3,4 mete r, 16 el ement 11.50
GREEN
32 & 64 Element Stock ing Ki ts Available o
WHITE
0--0

MOBILE/FIXED SQUALO '"

o--'=--
Sq uolo is 0 full ha lf wove, hori·
zontolly polarized, omni-directionol Before attempting modifica tion, be sure
ontenna. your rig was engineered after October 9,
ASQ·2 2 meter, 10" square 5 9.95 1964, or m odification might not work.
ASQ -22 2 meter stacked 16.95
A5Q ·6 6 meter, 30" sq ua re 13.95 . . . Wll2UHY
VHF/UHF
YAGIS
Combine e ll-ecr performance
VIBROPLEX
with optim um si ze for ease of ENJOY EASY,
ane mbly a nd mo unti ng at you r RESTFUL KEYING
site. The y can be mounted ver· $21.95 to S43 ,95
tica lly, ho ri zo nt a lly, in pairs, or THE VIBROPLEX
q uad• . CO. , INC .
8]] Bl"OCIdway,
N. Y. 1. N.Y.
A144 ·11 2 meter 11 element 514.95
A 144· 7 2 me te r 7 e lemen t 11 ,95
A220·11 11/4 meter 11 e lement 12.95
A430· 11 'h meter 11 element 10 .9 5
A1 44·20T 2 meter Multi polorized 29.50
ASO-3 6 meter 3 e lement 15.95
ASO-5 6 me te r 5 e lement 21.50
A .50-6 6 meter 6 e le men, 34.95
A 50·10 6 meter 10 e lement 5-'.95
A26-9 6&2 meter 10 e lement 29.95

"HAM STIK" 6 .10 .15.2Q M.ter

Adjusto b le Dipole
MODEL # H~S~
- 1~_~ w ith
Uni ve rsa l Mou nt
Id e al Fo r Small l o h ,

------~$23.50
Apart me nt., Voca tio ni ng
N..

SEE YOUR DISTRIBUTO R OR WRIT E fOR FREE CATALOG

DEPT, A
 MODEL
RTY-3
Imp roved mode l of o ur solid
state RTTY receiving co nve rt-
er. Three shift f r e q ue nci es ,
850, 425, a nd 175 cycles. This
a udio fi lter co nv erte r ha s
p roved itself in many ham
shacks. The circuit is mad e up
of limiter, a mplifie r/filte r d riv-
e r, 3 stage filter, d ete ctor,
Model RTY-3SB filters, tuned for o pe ratio n p ulse shape r, an d s e le ct o r
with SSB tra nsceive rs 179.95 magnet ke yer. 100 volt 60 mao
loo p supply includ ed .
Model RTY-3K same a s Model RTY-3 but
wit h built-in AFS K key er. 159.95 Sti ll o nly 139.95

• INC.
P.O. Box 175 EAST FALMOUTH, MASS. 02536
-----------
I I DON'T ASK! TELL US!
If you heve ~ ny G en . Rad io. H·P, Te kt ronix
I lind othe r military an d co mme rcia l qe er to sell, I
tell us flat out wha t you wa nt for it! You call
I t he shot!
Yo u ne me your own price fo r you r A RC , G RC ,
I
I TED , PRC, VRC, ARN , URR end APN eq uip- I
"Nobody Builds Anymore" me nt. No matte r wha t others promise, we
guarantee to p ay mo re fo r it! BUT YO U I
I GOTTA TEll US TO SEll US! Write, call,
ca ble or te leg raph t oday!
I COLUMBIA ELECTRONICS, Dept, 1 I
I 4365 W. Plco Blvd. , Los Aageles , Calif. 90019
Phone : 1213) 938·3731 Cable: COLECTRON
I
-----------
.. NOW
RAZOR SHARP CW
RECEPTION WITH
YO UR TRAN SCEIVERI

WITH A C--t%//U CWF-I

Betw een Your Headphones
** No Power Required And Your Rig
NEWI
** Plugs Into Phone Jack REQUEST BROCHURE
low Insertion lou Mon ey Back
$19 95
•
* 120 C)'cln Na n ow
2 t o 4 Ohms In, 2K Out
/ -
Guar ant ..
D' PI. 7.-
353 Patti.

Ken Walkey Enrineerlnr

P.O. Box 11446
Gra nada Hills, Ca l. 91344 ~Cl T " O N I O " ' NO . III Wichita, Kin•• 67211
(316) 267·3581
 SOME NOTES ON OUR
REGINAIR 321 QUAD
P erhaps you t oo l ooked a t the fa m iliar "H" pat tern Quad is sel f~ba l a nc i ng; it is, in effect , ita own balun .
of the convent ional 3 band quad a nd w ondered h ow Previou s quad desig n used stubs or ot he r dev ices to
acceptable pe r f o rmance could be had from such a con- ach ieve low VSWR. O ur Q ua d needs no a djustments
figu ration. To La r ry J ohnson, WAIB UN. t his concept of a n y ki nd- no loading coils-and yet reflects less
was a ll w r o ng f or t he e lect rica l spacing between ele- than 1.5 t o 1 V SWR over the entire 10. 15. and 20
ment s va r ied widel y a nd obviously t he r e!li ulti ng ter- meter ba nds. This m ost im porta nt feat ure is obtained
m inal i m pe da nce o f t he drive n e lem en ts varied equally, by m aking the reflector loops very s lightl y l a r ge r ,
Trying to connect o ne feed line t o th ree different im- tu ned to a slig htly lower f reque ncy.
pedances is touc hy and m echan tca ll v difficu lt. The out -
come, it was reasoned, was a const a nt e lectr ical s pac- The meas ured gain of this Qua d is 5.9 db. eompered
ing f o r all t hree bands. This was ach ieved i n the to a eonventtonel dipole; 8.5 db as com pa red t o a n
Reginair Quad by means of a spider type deaig n , the isotropic dipole. The front to back will be 25 db equiv-
hub f or which is illustrate d he re. E ight Inches lo ng, alen t to an average of 4 S u n its on a typ ical rece ive r .
3% inches In diameter, and a t h ick 14 inch wall g ive This Quad is q uickly assembled f rom a complete
ample mechanica l support t o the tour alu mi nu m tubes, package with pre-assembled driven and reflector ele-
which in t um s up port the ins ula tinl!' dowels . This m ents. A ll you n eed do is furnish the 52 oh m feed
a luminum hub is drilled to aeeommodate up t o 1% Inch a nd raise it int o p osition. A light TV r otator, suc h
diameter m as ting, to which the h ub is fa stened with as the AR22R ($33.95) w ill swinl{ it easily. The com -
a lh inch plated s teel bolt. pleted Qua d weighs but 35 pounds a nd requi res 19 f eet
Constant eleetr teet I paclng resul ted in a terminal of a r ea. or 9¥.! feet of radius.
impedance o n each band of 100 oh ms. This Is t ra ns-
formed down to 52 oh ms by a Q section of RGll /U The m ost salie nt fea ture of our Quad is Its fla t
res ponse. Th is is particu larly im porta nt because m os t
cut for 21 megacydes (when matching 2 to I, a Q
s ectio n works ve ry well ove r the octave from 14 to 28 ) . h ams today use transceivers or transmitters t hat can
accom modate o n ly VSWR of up t o 2.5 t o 1 at the
most. Consider your finals and t he longevity of the i r
li fe, a n d yOII can see why. I n a t ypical illustratio n , a
pair of 6HFS's are e m ployed as fi n als in a tra nsce iver
w ith a 400 to 500 watt PEP rating. T he tubes them,
se lves a re TV horizontal oscillator types, with a d is.
e tpa r tc n rating of 30 watts each. Sixty watts t hen is
the mos t yo u can tolerate. The idliDlt cur rent of t he
fina ls is 50 mills t imes 800 volts or 40 wa tts. At 2.5
to 1 te n pe r cent of t he f or wa r d power is com t ne bac k
to r oos t , W ith 250 forward watts from our t ransceiver.
25 wa t ts a re returned. 'I'wentv-ftve and forty equal 65
wat ts- 6 m ore tha n s hou ld be considered s a f e. As you
s lide up a nd do wn in freq uency, think of what is
happening i n your rht- unleS3 you had the good .iu dz ,
ment to opera te at your an t enna 's resonant f reque ncy.
o r bette r yet, the wisdo m to use our Reginair Quad
wher e the VSWR is guaranteed to be less than
1.5 to 1.

Remember too, a quad has m ore than twice t he cap-

tu re area of a similar ra ted beam. In the case of t he
32 1, m ore than 350 f eet of wi re a re used.

To you doubtinlt Tbcmeeee, read what W0KHI had

t o say. "I want to a dd my name to the m any s a tisfied
use rs of your new Quad. This Is t he fin t Quad kit
that I have purchase d that was a ' t rue' kit and not
The bugaboo of s uc k-out , ca used by 10 meter radia- aim ply a do it yourself bunch of q uad parts to horne,
tion from the 20 meter element, h as consistently brew. All the parts u sed in you r k it a re of good qual-
p lagued Quad builders. for VSWR invariably jumped ity and well p ut toget he r ; tbe wi r e used is especially
o n 20 mete rs-the very band where we wanted the appreciated t or ease in Quad asse m bly. I t does g ive
flattest response. After many trials, Mr. John son re- me for the first time an SWR that pleases me; it is
solved t h is problem by inserting a quarte r wave 10 between 1.2/1 and 1.0/1 on all bands,"
meter s ho rted decoupllng s t ub made of RG8/ U, within
the 20 meter dr iven loop. The Reginair 321 Quad 13 ava ilable a t $89.95 in o ne
No baluns need be used with the Reginair 321 Quad. improved m odel using poly vin yl chlor ide t ubing of
The Quad Is a full wave device , not a half wave. As two dimensions and an indestructable ABS sp ider h ub .
a result, the RF currents from both t he sh ea t h and T he s hipp i nlt we ight Is 37 lbs . packed in a cylindrical
the center conductor of the feed balance ou t and no tube 6' long by 6" in diamete r and t herefor e suit a ble
balun o r balancing device is needed. You can prove (or i nexpensive P a rce l P oet APQ m ailing. Delivery
this with 2 RF ammeters. In ot he r words, the Rea-inatr ( rom stock.

HERBERT W. GORDON COMPANY

Woodchuck Hill Road • Harvard, Massachusetts 01451
"Helping Hams to Help Themselves"
98 73 MAGAZI NE
 George Johnson WAIBUN

The 321 43 Raymond Street

Nashua, N.H.

A New Quad Design

3 bands, 2 elements, 1 feed line

In 1965 I moved to the city of Nashua , New ods employed by convent ional quad d esign
Hampshire, into a house which had no a nten- I b egan to u nderstand why so m any p eople
na facilities whatsoever. Having had consider- had trouble with their quads. In a con-
able experien ce with beams in the past, and ventional quad d esign, which essenti ally
knowing th eir limitations, I decided this was sh aped like the letter H , having a boom
time that 1 would put up a Quad. The quad of 8 to 10 feet and cross spreaders on each
had a reputation as being a fine antenna , e nd , the qu ad loops themselves are strung
and yet there was a considerable amount of across the sp readers, with the whole str uc-
discussion on th e air with respect to the ture being supported by a slim m ast and a
relative merits of a quad versus a be am. light rotator. I b egan to understand wh y such
1 decided th at 1 would find out, even if it a quad would wave with the breeze. slop up
mean t doing it the hard way and expe ri- and down and not maintain any fixed elec-
menting all the way through . First, I found trical confi gurati on .
out that there weren't any finel y drawn lines I wanted m y quad to stay Up. and I wanted
on quad design. When 1 talked to most to have a different design . And still in
fellows about quads, everyone seemed to all, I wanted my quad to operate on each of
agree that although th e quad was a fine the 3 high frequency bands most popularly
antenna, they would invariably end up b y used in amateur radio, the 10, 15, and 20
describing theirs from a mechanical p oint of meter bands. I recognized that the physi-
view. F or examp le, «I go t it up, and boy, cal distance b etween the 10 meter sections,
1 had a hard time tuning that thing up; 15 meter sections, and 20 meter sections
but once I managed to tune it , why, it were one and the same. But since the elec-
seemed to work fine:' Then other fellows trical distances were different, this would
would tell me about what happened to their have to result in an odd ball combination
q uad when the first storm came and took of impedances, which would be difficult t o
it away. match. This became more and more app arent
After some study of the construction m eth- as I went to look at the problem of feeding.
It sure is big when put together The 3 different electrical spacings in a
conventional syste m yield 3 different feed
• impedances . The prospect of matching ele-
ments to a single feed line. which was my
goal, seemed very remote. So, looking
around, it became evident that some drastic
revision in my overall concept of a q uad
had to be realized . At about this time, in
various publications, I found evidence of a
boomless type of quad , or spider design,
which h ad spreaders radiatin g from the cen -
ter in a V type of confi gurat ion. Obviously,
the different driven elements and reflec-
tors would provide a different set of
spacings on a frame of this type, and
evidently the boomless hub would be a good

MAY 1968 99
starting point for me. I also realized
that if someone were to put 4 cross-brace
wires between the corners of the loops, it
would pull this type of quad into a more
()()
- #
rigid, boxlike structure, which could put ()(",.
real tension on the loops and prevent any
spreaders from bending individually.
Before I started construction of my first
quad, I decided that I had to build a
crank-up tower. This was constructed out
of 2" x 4" and I" x 6" lumber, actuated by a
hand crank winch. It consisted of a cross-
braced A frame with a T section upper mem-
ber, pivoted in the middle. The whole
thing was mounted on my back porch, in such This is the complete 321 kit
a position that it could be cranked up or
down with the aid of the winch, thus lower- ments and where all of the mechan ical stress-
ing the top of the antenna down into a es stem, or come from. An aluminum spider
double turn-around in my back yard, for hub, illustrated here, was my first attemp t
easy work. This seemed to be necessary if to work out this thing mechanically. Even
I was going to develop any kind of an anten- this was a long time in evolving. I had to
na, for I realized that I would have to plan just how the shape of the holes could be
crank the tower up and down innumerable drilled so as to fit the des ign of the spider
times. This proved to be a modest pro- quad and still at the same time preserve
phecy, for ultimately I had to crank the mechanical stre ng th sufficie nt to take care
tower up and down at least many hundreds of of the job. I made the spreaders, or dowels,
times before I was satisfied with the re- out of a combination of aluminum and wood .
sulting quad. They were, overall, 13" feel. This t ype of
My first attempt at building a quad was to structu re seemed reasonably good mechan-
use all aluminum construction. I found th at ically, and I therefore started experi menting
using aluminum resulted in serious capacitive with various config ura tions of wires, attemp t-
loading effects on the elements in the quad, ing almost any len gth to try to make a quad
to such an extent that their resonant fre- fo r 10, 15, and 20 meters, on the one frame.
quencies were considerably lower, and th at The first attempts used conventional stub
unless the aluminum spreaders were severely tuning. I just tie d all of the elements to-
broken up with insulating material, the radi- gether at the feed point, figuring that prob-
ation pattern was adversely affected. \Vhat lems would develop, and I surely wasn't
I'm trying to say is that th e spreaders them- wrong. The 20 meter section would radi ate
selves, made of aluminum, would absorb rf when I fed 10 meter energy into the 10 meter
energy from the resonant elements, and dis- section. The VS\VR's were humped, and very.
tort the radiation pattern of the quad severe- very poor. More experimentation showed th at
ly. I didn't get anywhere with it , so I turned we were getting pretty close to a consistent
instead to insulating materials for the sp read- 2 to I mismatch on each of the 3 bands.
ers. That is to say. the bes t match available was
My first attempt, for insulation, was to use about 2 to 1. I analyzed the resulting feed
wood for the spreaders. 'M any quads use impedance from such a configuration, and I
bamboo. Fiber glass was, of course, available, found that the q uad was consistently higher
but it seemed to me th at a good solid piece than the 50 oh ms which I h ad planned to
of wood , particularly hard wood, if it were use. Since the mismatch was the same on all
treated properly to prevent weathering, bands, it would seem to prove that at least
would last a long time and could be used. 1 had the right idea in choosing the spider
Then, too, I decided to make the center por- type of design. I needed to find some correc-
tion of my quad out of aluminum tubin g, tive d evice to broadband the resulting q uad.
he avy thick wall tubin g. After all, why not The study of the various publications revealed
take advantage of the strength of aluminum that a Q-match is a good means for attempt-
tubing at the base of the quad, where it ing such a trans fo rmation of impedances.
does not have to carry any electrical ele- And, of course, a Q-match is a relatively

100 73 MAGAZINE
 lowering its band width and thereby narrow.
ing the range of frequencies over which it
could operate effectively. Accordingly, I de-
termined that I would try t o design the re-
Rector without any stubs at al l. The reflectors
were altered and 1 found that we actually had
to make the poles or spreaders longer, to ac-
commoda te a fu ll-sized 20 meter loop , instead
of that which he had been using before . Now
the 20 meter loop was a full 72 feet around.
I w anted, in effect. to have a long enough
reflector and full size dimension so that it
would resonate at ap proximately 13.8 m ega-
cycles on 20 meters. In this concept, which
was subseq uently proven correct, the results
The junior op figured out the more comp licated were outst andingly different in our favor. I n
assembly the first place, all w e did w as to m ake a cal-
broad band device. So this was tried, and we culated length cut, and put the loop on what
found that by cutting the Q m atch section was sup posed to be a theoretically correct
for anyone of the 3 different b ands, w e length . W e ran the q uad up into operating
would obtain a perfect match for that band . position, and someho w it w orked. Further-
\\'e also found that if the Q match section mo re, the front to b ack ratios across the band
were mad e out of RG II cable, which has a were now consistent. That is to say, they were
72 ohm impedance, and we designed this for generally between 20 to 25 dB, whereas in
15 meters, that the match was very good for the tun ed stub version, w e had as much as 7
both 10 and 20 as well as 15 meters. dB of d eterioration at the higb frequency
My next sp ecific goal was to try to obtain end .
the best front to back ratio, or forward gain , The next problem to b e encountered was
for my quad. I realized that this meant that that of suck-out energy on the 20 meter
I had to tune it tip very accurately. I found loop, when the system w as fed with 10 meter
to my surp rise th at tuning the quad was energy. The 20 meter element represents 4
indeed very difficult. My first attempt at tun- h alf-waves on 10 meters, and it w ill absorb
ing th e quad was mad e with a grid dip me- energy in the feed line on 10 meters, unless
ter in the regular, accustomed fas hion. I something is done to kiB the resonance, or
found that the reflector elements h ad to b e somehow make it a poor impedance match
approximately 200 kilocycles low er than the on th e 10 m eters.
low lim it of the amateur band involve d , in My first thought was to try a parallel tuned
order to have a reasonably d ecent VS'VR. trap tun ed to 10 meters and inserted in the
Stub tunin g w as trickier than I had assumed. 20 meter driven element. Sure, this worked
Furthermore , the tunin g w ould move, and afte r a fa shion, but to m ake an impervious
sometimes rather unpredictably, when I raised seal against the w eather, and still h ave it re-
a nd lowered the antenna. So, it was not al- main tuned to its original frequency was most
ways easy to tun e th e antenna in a down po- d ifficult. This trap had to have appreciable
sition and have th e same results w hen it was inductan ce in ord er to reach the Q neces-
p ut u p in an operating position. I d id, how- sary to effectively trap out 10 m eters. This
ever, make the quad this way, and was able meant in tum that a considerable portion of
to get reasonably good results with it, u sing the remaining 20 meter driven loop was be-
just plain conventional stub tuning. T he re- ing wasted and not being used to radiate
sults of this type of tuning meant. however, properly and further reduced the desired
upon close examination. that the front to band width. Not only that, but the idea of
back ratio varied across the b and. It d id n't losing energy in such a trap was agains t my
seem to matter how closel y the reflector w as better judgment. There had to be a better
tuned to the low end of the band , the front way. and there w as. I finall y employed a
to back ratio would seem to deteriorate at th e piece of 50 ohm coax, 5~ feet long, connected
high end of that band. 1 reasoned th at th e with its open end at a point half wave up
stub w as an inductive loadin g center for the from the feed point in the 20 meter loop.
reflector. It was probably raising its Q and This move was the proper one, as proven

MAY 1968 101

from a simple test of feeding 10 meter en- area of the full wave antenna plus its un-
ergy to the 20 meter loop an d then going usual vertical and horizontal configura tion
around with a neon bulb to d etect voltage enables me to hear stations earlier in an y day
points on this loop. Better instru mentation and then ag ain later in the day at the closing
revealed tha t the 20 meter loop no longer of the ~I U F which are not otherwise identi-
served as a 10 meter antenna. fiable on a competitive 3 element beam
At this point in terms of time and progress pointed similarly an d used conc urrently. Even
I had a fine performing antenna- but in line though this Quad design is inherently lim-
with trying to improve still more, fel t a need ited to a gain over a dipole of about 5.9 dB ,
for installing a coaxial balun as a series ele- some other p arameters must be work ing ' for
ment from my main feed line, a broad b and me, for the repo rts indicate marked superiori-
device with lum ped constants. First, I knew ty whenever a test is suggested . Again, m y
th at it would be necessary to establish exist- belief th at the quad could b e mechan ically
ing standards on the performance of the improved has been borne out in practice.
quad as it now was. Accordingly I plotted Evidently other hams feel this way too, for I
frontal lobes and observed that the radiation
was beautifully symmetrical. Reports con-
fi nned th is study. Perhaps I didn't need a
b alun. So I measured the rf with a small
ionized gas stick around the sq uare of the
driven loop. Deionization occurred at the
same equid istant points from center feed. Two
rf current meters inserted at the juncti on or
feed point both read the same current, prov-
ing a gain the fact th at the full wave loop was
in itself a b alun, and there fore needed no
external device to effect radi ation balance!
\Vh at pleases me the most after a year
and a half of experimentation is the unmis-
takable fact that the resulting quad h as singu-
lar merit in that it affords me the lowest
Almost finished and ready to raise
and flattest VSWR over the entire 3 bands
(1 0, 15, an d 20 ) of any antenna 1 have eve r have been ke pt busy making rep roductions
used, includ ing most commercial beams and of this original "Q ueen of the Air" ever since.
d ipoles. The freedom from worry concerning Moreover, there are no traps, baluns, stubs,
hi gh VSWR means that 1 can operate CW or ad justments of any kind necessary t o the
at the b ottom of 20, then mere ly swish up to final Quad. It's simply a case of assembling
the top of the sidebanders without disturbing precut wire loops and precut aluminum and
th e load on the rig. My finals are really pro- wood spre ade rs "before you, too, h ave a simi-
tected with thi s antenna! The front to b ack lar Quad.
is a consistent 25 dB; the greater cap ture The 321 quad is b eing d istributed by the
AHachinq the wire to the spider ends Herbe rt \Y . Gordon Co., Harvard, ~IA 01451.

MOVING?
Every day we get a handful of wrappers
back from the post office with either a chang e
of add ress on t hem or a note th at the sub.
scribe r has moved and left no add ress. The
mag azines are thrown out and just the wrap·
per returned. Pl ease don 't expect us to send
you another copy if you forg et to let us know
a bout your new address. And remember that
in this da y of the ed ra rapid comp uter it
takes sir weeks to make a n address change
instead of the few days it used to when we
worked slowly and by hand .

102 73 MAGAZINE
 ANTENNAS FOR 6 and 2 METERS
From the original "SATURN
'" moblleer to a new 3
half-wavelen9th halo for 2
meters. HI-Par m a" u f a e-
hr.s a quality nne of VHF
antennas Including Halos.
9uads, "Hilitoppers",
Yogis, and Lalll)-John
beams.

HI-PAR PRODUCTS CO.

FITCHBURG, MASS.

ANTENNAS • TOWERS • ROTATORS

NEW • USED • SURPLUS
Hy-Gain Mosley CDR Newtronics
T ristao Kreco
Mylar rope insulators Coax baluns
One-piece to Complete Antenna
Sistems
Also Dea in Surplus-
/ Write for latest I1sf
ANTENNA MART
BOX 7
RIPPEY, IOWA 50235

ToroId Powe r Transformers

Thes. are New alld u"u,ed
1: T-I-Th lJ toroid . .. d esi gned for .. 16 tube 50 •• t t out-
pu t F}l moblle unit. W i lb . chema tIe. 12VDC PRI. uJlnt:
!~1554 ·. or eq,uhalent. D C ou tput of V /DBLR 57:i ~IU It

S3.95
f"-
130 watU . See. # 2 _1 00 ,olla D C b l.... Sec. # 3 CT feed
back wi nd ing for l S US4',. 1" - thi ck . d la.
2 tor $7.00
# T.2-Thll toroid 1"11 des igned for ule In a hybri d F .M.
mobile un u . usmc a Ilncle 8641 tube in t he RF a mp. for
30 wat'" out put . Schematic Inclu ded . 12 VD C prl. usin i
2N155 4'I or eQu l....lent. S ee. # 1 500 Volt! D C out at 70
. attl . S ee. #2 -65 volt! D C bias. See. # 3 1.2 'l'oltl AC for
u fila men t of 8647 tube. see. #4 CI T fnd b.d!: wlndtDi fen
2SI554·1. 1"'- t hick. 2" - dla. . . .•.• $2.8 5 a..-2 tor 15.00
# T . S-H II a powdered i ron core and 11 bu ilt li ke • T V
II,. back trans forme r. {}pentttl at .boot SOO CPS. 12VD C
Pr l. us in g 2:S4U'1 or eQulnl tnt . D C outpu t of V / DB L R
415 volll 9& wa ttl . CI T feed back windin g tor 2S 442'1.
$2.85 ,.. . .. . . .•. .•.• . . . . .. .. .. . . . _. " ..•.. .... 2 fer $5.00
SPECIAL SALE. James Knl.!Ih Irystal & oven 100 KC Pni.
ell lo" cr~I_1 in S taled .i... tUbe wilh oct_I ba.. mount'd
"Yipe,1 1 thought this was my soldering 9un1" I " a lUi V.A .C. oven. Size 5- hllh. 3%- Dia. Will make an
neell,nt Second.ry 5t."dard fOf thl Shack . . • .. N.... $7.95
Ulld •• ••. .•• . . •••.•.. . . . . • . . .. .• . .•••• • . .• . .• .• • . . $4. 95
ALL Prle.. TOWER COMMUNICATIONS
F.D.B. 924 Elm St., Racl.... Wis. 53403

MAY 1968 103

 Dear 73.
Letters
So at long last. the great secret Is out-we now
know the dead truth-the Editor of our favorite mag_
Dear 73, eetne really i8 a woman I Here in Europe the argu-
Anent your comments In current 73 ( F eb ) , I can but ment has raged fast and furious over the local natter
whole heartedly agree: there is abeolntelv no noapect bands as to the sex o f 7 3 '. new Editor. It was
t or any sort o f law and o rd er o n the ham banda, and generally agreed that Kayla sounded atl if it should
it is getting worse. O ur major problem. right now. be a woman's name, but then most 73 readers were
il on e of tllfor('~m~ n t. Same problem on the 11 meter equally s u re that absolutely no feminine hand could
band. I too have heard the millh.mll8h on WIAW'. possibly write technical articles! So, the eoneensue
aignal, the horror that 76 hall become, and the awful of opinion W8..!l that WtEMV must. definitely be a man.
And now we know .• . what a letdown for so many
meeeea on 15 and 20. There are "broadcasters" and
clowns with motor-driven "eroooae" hor-ns, belches, radio amateurs who are sure the XYL could not even
and assorted obece n it les. These are pale when com- be trusted to dust the shack.
pared to the drunks on the air. Dougla. Byrne G3KPO
I feel s t rong ly that we have come too far along the Pderboroush. Ens.and
road we have taken to ever dean h ouBe--nOl without
a greatly st ren g t he ned enforcement division in the Gulp ! I' m glad you ca n't " , t th, d ud in mv . hac k . . .
FCC and a quadrupled budget (or them. The State alon g with bit. of U'i rt , glob. of .aldt r, and part.
of the Art has indeed advanced, but our soc iety 8callt red aU ov,r th t pIau.
s eem i ng ly has regressed. The common attitude seems
to be "the hell with it", and that's it.
Dear 73.
F. C. Hervey W911U
Chilton. Wisconiin In the February 1968 73, W4YM asks why he gets
greater difference in comparing a 2 e le me nt vs a 4
element quad o n transmit than o n receive. The answer
Dear 73. probably lies in the fact that. h is SWR o n r-eceive is
How clever o f you t o p ut your "April Fool" article signifil'antly higher than o n transmit. I would guess
in your February is sue II I'm referring to the hillarioul the quads were tuned up u sing his transmitter so that
article by W4PJG, "How to Get Better Returns from the antennas were matched to his transmitur feed
your QSL". I worked W4PJG on Grand Cayman line. However, the SWR is determined by the im-
Island as ZFl EP and sent three QSLs with SASE pedance of the loa d and when receiving this is the
each time but received nothing in return. I suppose impedance of the receiver input.
the answer Is in the advertisement contained in his Line 1011151"15 will also affect. SWR and if there are
article. "A small contribution anywhere from a dime additional transmi8aion line losses (such 1515 for a
to a dollar II appropriate"-he already has Hic of TIR s witch ) for the receiver 8..!1 ecmpa red to the
my postage. transmitter this will also increase thl!' receiver SWR
I can sug g('l!lt another DXpedition he might under- and impair its »t'rlormance capability.
take l
Forrest WllcoJ: W2CT
Luther D. Miller. Jr. WA3Fl\IO Yorktown Heleht.. N.Y.
W..hin....on. D.C.
Dear 73.
Dear 73.
Throua'h the medium of your magazine I would like
Banzai and tally ho to your Feb. Editorial Ltbee, to thank all those arneteure who handled our radio
tietl. Amen to the fact that amateur radio is in a telephone patch traffic from Korea over the Christmas
s o r ry mess by and large. Agreed that a general house Holtdavs. There were several and o ne in particular
cleaning is in o rder and lonR' ove r d ue. Like you, I I would like t o thank is W7CHZ. who was s o faithful
find myself restrictinR' encouragement to prospective in comina' up on frequen ey daily and handled 900/'.,
amateun and the number o f tests given. We should of our traffic. There were many tears of joy on this
consider the overall value to the S e rvi ce In dealing side of the ocean when the8e patches were completed.
with those who aspire to join us. The Commanding General 2nd Inf. Div. sent out
It appears the only way to clean up the bands is eerttncetes of appreciation to those who handled all
for each of us to do some serious soul searching, patches and believe me, fellows, our hats are oft' to
abandon our inconsiderate and hOJl'gish attitudes, have you.
more reKard for the o t he r fell ow and if necessarv,
place some rt"Strictions o n our band habits and at- Indlanhead Amateur Radio Club HL9TF
titudell. If each of Uti individually abtende to thitl APO San FranclllC'o 96%24
problem of beturing amateur radio as a whole-then
we got it made, friend. Bless that tlmaU percentage Dear 73.
who are a c redi t to the Amateur Radio Service.
On incentive licensing: I am buckling down. studying
G. L. Baker W8GIU!5 for that Extra and find the work and discovery is
Dalhart, Texas recapturing some of the thrlll and fun of amateur
radio. I was quite s kept ica l, but I think it will be a
I lih to think it i.9 th e SMALL ptrrt nta gl w ho ar, feather in amateur radio's eap for the future.
XOT a crtdit to the A.RS . On bad o per a ti n g practices : I am staggered. apalled,
and aghatlt a t thina's I have recently heard on 40 SSB.
The s a ddest was malicious CW QRM of a SSB QSO
Dear 73, consisting of pure ando Saxon 4 letter words. I'm
The article on Operations Deep Freeze by Ralph no prude, but conduct o f this sort ean be the down-
Steinberg moved me to the point of writing this letter fall of amateur radio. Why can't these guys realize
to you. I did thrill to the article very much as I felt that 7
to be a small part of it. The "Getting Your Higher Class License" se r ies
I might s a y that I enjoy 73 very much and part 1 is a s u per b idea and will be a positive contribution
of Getting Your Higher Class License was very In- to amsteur's s el f improvement. Bravo for publi9hing
teresting. I know of no better ham magazine at the an excellent malfazine that is not afraid to face
present. ume. problems extant in ham radio today.
Edward Kovalan K8AVO Doue Hutchinson Kf'DTK
Clarbbure. Wftt VlrJinia Lompoc, California

104 13 MAGAZINE
 Dear 73, T olorldl 88~1H SlIcM 10/13.00
1 A)IP 1000 P lY diodel T OPHAT
The new license program may turn out to be our or EPOXY . . • • •• • • • •. • • . • . . • . . • . . . •• • • • • • •40t.. 10/ $3.15
sa h· atio n. Already, on e can se nse a lessening of the Cop~ r pri nte d ci rcu it boardl 3 J: 5% • . . . •20c" 6/ $1.00
T d etYIII paper tape rolh 11/1 6"
Immediate feeling of resentment which followed it's . .. .... . . ... .. .. 25(1 per roll . ca~e of 40/ $1.50
inception. T he human race thrives on competition and Toy motors 1'l:li to IIV 10,000 R P U 15t .. 115 1.00
that is really a ll that incentive licensing means . Mutrln fan l 4·11/16 - I Q. J: 11,2'" deep 110vae 60 eye $1.95
OhmUe parasitic Iiupprenor # 300 . . . • • • • . . 2!1(1ea 5/ $ 1.00
Robin Gu rds moe K 3U U L 12 FT. ciga rette U,hter cord . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 99t'_
,. deck 11 DOIltion ..a!'ter 11Irltch :SEW . .. •. . . . •. . • . . 7~ M
. 25 lI.FD ae 12.500 YDC 011 eendene er . •. . • • • • • • . . n .75"
Dea r 7!:
COAX CO:\")'"ECTORS
It is with g rea t int erest t hat I r ead you r editor ia l
in the April issue of 73 on t he subject of UFO 's. PL259 .40t! S 0239 . .. .fOt T -Conn $1.95
H a ving been for seve r a l yea n an ecttve investle:ator )1359 40t' PL258 • . . . 85t' U / 175 15t'
on behalf of NICAP in t his area lUI well as being an TYPE X .. l:G· 3,.9A/t: . t:G- 18C/U . t:G -2'C/U . 75t choice
a ct ive ham, you ca n see why your article would be
in ter esting to me. I ha ve kep t u p with th is sub j ect f or ~lETERS X EW
about ten years a nd have read about everyth ing ava il - 60-0 -60 A) l P D C 2t,i.. round Wel tlnlilhoule $2.95
100·0-100 )I A DC Hi" aquare S imolion S6.50
able, both pro and can , on these objects. 0·200 )IA D C 4i%,- IQuare stmoscn $5.95
I cou ld relate many interes ting experiences I have
bad i nvestigating t hese reports , however, since that VAR I ABL E CAP ACITORS
wou ld ta ke too m uch space, I ca n on ly state tha t hav, 12 to 2 U mOl t E. F . J ohnson =15"-1 ' 5 18oo'l"le . . . . • . 52.75
6 to 60 mOl t per lee. butter l'ly 1St!
inR' m a de these i nves tiga t ions and s t u dyi ng the story ,. to 01 0 mmf per see. butttr fly •• ..... .... . . . . .. . ... .• . 15t'
i n dept h, I h ave becom e thoroug hly conv inced on the 4.6 to 51 mOl t dltreren tl al E. F . Johnson ~LA15 7St'
r ea lit y of the ob j ects. 8 eeetten (16 to U Smmtl-(l 6 to U5mmf)-
(16 to 530 mmtl $1 . 50
A g ood fr iend, Jim Rogers, W A4UHK and myself 8 to 30mmt AR CO 403 t rimm er . . . . . • •. . .• 10('11 12/ SI.00
have d iscussed a possible UFO net on severa l cceeet one. 20 to 120mmt per see. bulter1ly
8~ - J: 6* " J: S-d 14" lhatt ,500 YAC $7.50
We came to the concl us ion t hat it would wor k on ly if
we had the backi ng of on e of t he A mateur Radio pub-
lica t ions to get it s t a r t ed. You h ave of course ta ken #9798 2 eec. 190mmr _ 400 mmf 50," EACH
ca re of that problem. = 9793 4 see. t8 0mmt _4 50mmf _35mmr. 35mm r 10/54.00
= 9792 5 let. 180mmr _ S5mmf _S5mmf_ C HOiC E
Both Jim and myself would like to th row our names 3Smmh rsammr
in the pot to help if the net becomes a reality. Neither =9,96 3 ICC. 3i5mmt _3i5mmh 180mrnf
z: 0I6,S 4 lee. 180mmt_500mmt _56mm h56 mmr w /2~"
of us ha ve K W rigs which would probably be needed dial dr um
for net control stations but w ill ass is t in any other
way we can.
VA R IACS G EN ERA L RADI O & OHM ITE 60 CYC.
Input 12lho--out put 0-280... I a mp or
D . H. R obe rt son WA f KLT Input 240y-o ut put 0.28OY 2 a mp
Greenville, S. C. PULLOUTS IN EXC EL L E NT COND IT ION (10 L8 ). .$6.95
MIN IAT U RE MO T OROLA 7 tub_ 455 KC. IF AM P L I F I E R
DISC R I MI NAT OR NE W I N OR IG INAL P AC KAGE
w/D IAG RA M .. . . .... . . .... . •... ... . ... . . . . . . .. . . . $2.S0
STA NDA R D OE S K DIAL TEl.EPHONES excelle nt
DIODE CIRCUITS HANDBOOK work ing eond. . .. . . . . ..... .. . • . •. . . . . . . . . . ..•. • . . . $5.95
An invalua ble referenc e book.
Coyers rect ifiers, m e t e r circuits
R 6. R ELECTRONICS
--- mixe rs , d etectors, m o d u I a t o r s:
pro du cts, FM detectors, noise
li miters, sq uelc h, A GC BFO ' / Q -
mu lt iplier, ntr protectio n A FC
Dept. 7D
1953 S. YELLOWSPRINGS ST.
Var ic:ap tun in g . a udio dl pp~rs , FM SPRINGFIELD, OHIO
modu lator. balanced mods, verse-
to r multipl iers , fiel d-s tren g t h $2.00 minlnu m OI'" der FOB S pring" eld . Ohio. Pl ease add s uf-
me t e rs, wave m eters, RF probes, "cle nt posta ge, we refu nd a il unused a mo unt. Ohio eU ltom.
du mmy loa~s, SWR b rid g e , te eh- ers add 4% la les tal.
ometer, neue q enere tc r, sq uare - SA TISFAC TI ON GUA RA NT EE D ON ALL IT EMS
Wd ye gen, re ners, con t rol ci rcu its ,
yo ltage control , e tc. III d iff e re nt
circu its .
An absalute steal at $1 . DON'T BUY TUBES
73 MAGAZINE UNT IL YOU G ET O U R LO W EST PRIC ES IN THE
Peterborough. N.H. 03458 W O RLD O N BRAND N EW S PECIAL PUR POSE, BRO AD -
CASTING , REC EIVI NG TYPES. ESTABLIS HE D 1'120.
SEN D FOR O U R CATALO G .
R 5 G B UNITED RADIO CO.
RADiO DATA REFERENCE BOOK 56-B FERRY ST. , NEWARK, N.J. 07105
A new edition o f this boo k has just b een
published . It w as compiled by G6J p and
edited b y G 3TRP. This 150 p age hard cover - SURPLUS SPECIAL-
book is crammed with f orm u la s , c harts, no me-
g raphs a n d refe rence m a t e r ia l cover i n g j u s t
about every aspect of amateur r adio . W h e re
w ould y o u go t o find t h e impedance of a TOROID INDUCTO
d i pole vs its diameter? Or d esign and gain 250-500-830-1 000 Mhy.
figu r e s for Vee beams, rhombics. yagts, c o t,
Iinears . .broa d s id e s , s p a c e d d i p ole s. s terbas, 1.00 ea.pastPG id
and varIO US s tac ked beams? It w ould t ake
pages to j us t list the w e alth of material cov-
e red i n t his g reat n e w book . Frequency range to 20 KhZ.
ONLY $3.00! For oscillators and bend-pees t illers.
Order from : CHARTER ELECTRONICS
73 Magazine, Peferborough, N.H. 03458 BOX 88 GLADWIN, MICHIGAN 48624

MA Y 1968 las
 CRAZY·MAN·CRAZY
250 KC IkmO\'ed fro m COI~~ ai r bor ne,
I.F. 11 IHS - I, tra nsceiver. tor technical
ampll fter cha nKe order . Ilu (2 ) 5726 / 6AL5 ,
( 3) 5U 9/GR A6 t ubes ; ( 2) IF cans:
0 ) F - 250 A · G1 meeha nlcal m te e :
AYC & au dio d etector et reut ts.
All enelesed In module 3" wi de,
4 ~ - deep, 3~· hIgh , ..j... 1%- tor
tubes , It' cana, etc. ( 5 LB S ). W lt h
sch ematic and descr iption , . .• . • . • $30.00 ea.
CO .AX F or la tell t MOTO ROLA Mo- Tu es .
S P OT , 5 ohm. 121' DC coil. Ili ndl e 100
T-R l'i a tt ~ RF thru 500 ere. ALLIE D
re lay # R n X -21 or MAG N E CRA FT
#1 20- X 2. H al ~ O -23 1) on I hort
UG5SA/U ; phono ti p on 20 ~
RGSSA / U & phooo -ti p on 1'"
Shielded lead. B R .... ::-.Il :"E W (2
LBS). l fOTOROLA DEALERS-
rt"pladnl' Ihis item. wrtee for quan-
* Price -52 per 25 w o rds for non-commercial ads : 510
per 25 words for bu siness ve ntu res . No di splay od s
mr pT k e . 6 for $20.00 .••. .... $3.50 ea.
or agency discount. Include your check w ith o rder.
HA M MA R. 12 to 100 pt. 20001' vari ab le !.'apad ·
LU ND tor. 35 plate (Ill r otor , 17 st ato r)
:# MCI OOS X 4'" lonll'. I %, '" wid e, I ;\, '" hIgh ,
..j... l ¥.! '" for dual %. ~ shaft; 2 cer am -
* Type copy. Phras e and punctuote uactly a s you wish
it to appear. No ali-capital ads.
Ic " nd pla i n ; 2 hearlngl ; URA!I."D

M IL LEN
:"EW. 2 L B S ) . 4 tor $5 .15 .... . . •
140 pf . 6001' va r iable. 35 pla te , (1 8
$ 1.50 ea.
* Ws poe nsib
will be the ludge of suit o b ilit y of ads. Our ee-
~21140 roto r. 17 slator) ; 1 ~ '" long + l lAt'"
~ct
ility for e rro rs e xtends only to printinq a eer-
ad in a late r Issue .
for dual, threaded "'. lhaft.t : 2 1'"
x l "'~ eeramle t nd pla in: 2 bear -
Ing. enver plated. BRA:"D N EW'
(l IbJ, 4/ 13.t 5 .. $ 1.00 ea . * For $1 e xt ra we can maintoln 0 re ply box for you .

SHAFT COUPLERS If.. " to 1/ 4 "

Na tional # T X- O. I %, '" d ia meter ce-
* We connot check Int o eCilch odvertlser, so Caveat
Emptor • •
r am ic waft r ; 2 In sula ttd met al
coupll nl'l, wUh se t eeeews. BRA:".- n
:"EW. 4 for $1.50 . sse ea. THE KNIGHT RA IDERS VHF Club will hold its
:-;ylon rod, lAt · dlamettr. 11;4'" l ong . Second Annual H am rest o n Satu r d a y , July 20.
" . hole, eacb end 1At ~ dtl'p_ :MIdd le 1968 at We asel Drift P icnic Grove . G arret Mt.
rh t nned to "'" dtameter , ror fln: -
I bm t y. B R.... xn :"EW. 5/$1.00 .. 23e ea. Res ervation , Wes t Patte rson, N .J. f rom 10 a m
w est em New Yor k , comenuon. H amfu t and wha t hare you.
u ntil dark. T h e location is the sa me as last y e a r.
( Even Wayn e GN! en ha s pr omised to be t here ) , n och est er. Man u fa cturers display s , s w a p shop, junque
N .Y" ~fay 11 , 19G8. n r eeeeehcoter e, Wh ite Swan P ark . t a bles , co ntests, door prizes . a nd a good time for
P i tt sburgh. P a .. l lay 19. a ll w ill b e t he o r d e r of the d a y . Picnic t a bles
All or ders , except I n emergtncy, or I' m at a ham fut .
Ihl pped lame day r l"Ctl Vl'd . F or f Tl!l' " GOOD I E " Ih ee l. se nd and barbeque p its a va ila ble. No tick e t s , no fee ,
self-addrl'ssed, slamp.ed eovl'lope------PLEA!'lE. P LE .... ~E Include i t 's free . R efreshm e nts wlll b e a v a ilab le. T a lk
sumclent ror pottage, any n:cl'ls r et urned with order. I earry
pr i n t e (T rutll'n) pareel POSt tnsuraeee. for domestic p u eel in s t ation K 2DEL/ 2 will operat e o n SO.4 MC and
post. F or Items 100 tlta..,.. or 100 lau e for pareel I)UIt. 146.898 MC . Spe cial certifica t e for co ntactin g the
I SUKl'tll bus puttl exprell. P len e adrfs e name ot bus t a lk in s t a tion available . F or m ore details write
lin e . and city. whtre you can pick up t h e sh!p mtnt.
Ca na di an customtn-P I..F.ASl'; add lu mci l'nt for posta gl"- K 2DEL .
$1.00 lint two pOllmls. 30c each a ddi ti onal pound or fraction.
THE AMATEUR RADiO ASSOCIATION of Brem-
B C Electronics erton. I n c ., Breme rton , Washington . will hold its
Telephone 312 CAlumet 5·223 5 annual H amfest on Ma y 18. 1968 a t the Westside
2333 5 . Mlch19an Avenue Chlcaqo, IIl1nols 60616 Improve m e n t C lub . Ticke ts a re $4 per r eserva-
t ion o r $4.50 at t he door and $2.00 for each c h ild .
R e gistra tio n be gins at 1 pm with variou s a ctivi-
OAlo.. 6/G PA23 Control Co nl ole w/one 12"', cne 5· & fou r 3'" ties during t h e a fte r noo n a n d d inner a t 6 prn,
e lect ros tatic SCOPell. F or 110Y60Q" power. . .. .•.. . E X 125.00 follow i ng by drawing of door p rizes. D a n c ing will
Loa d Bank 150A 3 1. 25Y 11 80A SPDT Switch es. ;r.."EW 27.:10
Reflectometer SW ll Bri dgll w / M eler. 30- 1000me. , .. I..'S 8.5Q c o n clu d e the d a y 's festivities. Reservations and
T465/ ALT 7 200\\' X m lt tr 168-352me wy two 6161'1. EX 111.15 f urt her in formation m ay be obtained b y con-
6161 Tu be w /Conn tctor s. 100 watts 10 1200me E X 6.15 tacting e ither the ticket c hai r man , Doug White,
T CS X mltt r /Rt cn Con lrol Box wit h S peake r EX 1.75
R443/ARN 5D 332_3mc R een- w/ll Tu bel . 6 X tah .. E X 6.50 WN7GXL, Box 12, B e lfair, Wash. or Harry Hill.
R IOIA /ARN 6 100- 1150ke Revr. :"l'l'ds 28VDC onl y. l:.."X 27. 50 W7CQI . ARAB Presid ent, 3230 Harren, Bremerton.
I D9 r B / A R N6 :"nl gal on B l'Irl ng I nd!l'I tor EX 1. 50
AS31 3B /ARN 6 S ta t ion SttklllR Loo p. 100-1150Il;e•.. EX 6.25 HEATH HA·20 L inea r $79.00. Surplus BC-611
RT3 16 /A PNI2 160- 234mc T ra nl etl.-tr w /Tubl'l .... EX 12.50
IDI 69C/A P NI2 !'lcoPt'. 3P PI (,RT . DPDT Coax Swl teh LN !I.7 5 H andi-Talki $25.00. SX-42 R eceiver, n eed s work ,
AM 300 I nter1'ono A mp. 111' / 4 T ubes & D yna motor EX 4.75 $45.00. N ew 813 Tubes $10.00@. Ampex o n e inch
PP 336 M a In P ower Supp ly for APRil Rtcel\'er EX 16.50 video tape , 5,000 foo t reel $10.00. You p a y postage.
PP 337/APR 9 K lYS t ron Supp ly for 1':"130, T:-1 131 .. E X 10. 50
ID 226/ AP R9 P a nora mic I nd ica tor w/ Scheml tlc E X 14.50 B ruc e Hilderbrand, 6090 Upland Terra c e South,
S N7C I A P Q 13 Synehronlzer I't /24 Oct al T ubes L'\'" 9. 15 Sea ttle, Washington , 98118.
J39 /APQI 3 J uneltOli Box. 102 Screw T tr mlna h ::\r:W 2. 25
Sa me but ", ISO fl't' t 4-cond . shll'lded tah 't XEW 6. 2:;
R3 r6A /AR R26 H -Tubll 162-114 mc A)flF} [ S upe rhl't .. 22.15 ST. PETERSB URG AMATEUR RADIO CLUB,
P P 468 Powl'r ~upply for R 316A B eeetr er. 401ley L'\'" 4.1 5 INC. will hold their a n n ual Hamfes t a t Lake Mag _
C ~I O ('o nlrol Rar '11"/ 4 Tuhl' 1 fo r R.~ 1 6 A R ('("fr EX 4.50 giore Park . e n t rance gate a t 9th St-eet a nd 38t h
Cabl e C'onn"t' U P I, 259 10 R:"C P a nt l ~ockel L:" ~/l.75
Van eu la l Fa n IS-2 RYDC/ AC (60cy \ 60 cu ft m in. E X 3. 2.~ Avenue So u t h, S t . Petersburg, Sunday. May 19.
OHMIT E Z- 50 R ad io Frequ l'ncy Choke EX 6 /1.00 Ple n t y of par king space. N o c ha rge fo r entering
Scope Xforme r 1 9 .~ O V (ii' 3 m a . 5 F Il Wi nd i n gs . 60c,". N E\ V 4, 7 .~ P ark . All Hams a n d guests c o r d ia lly in vite d .
S Al25 / 11 Coax ial Switch . ~P4T. 211YD C M otor E X 6. 511
~ J P I CR T w / :\[ollnt . Shl el rl . Socket & H>' ('ap LX 4.j.' T h is is a n old f a shioned Hamfest , picnic lu n c h .
Rt. Anl lt Dr lyt w /Gearl . Unitl'rsal. " . SbafU E X 1. 35 swap tab le , and p d zes.
TS 250 A / AP N I T l'l t Sl't .... I Ca hles & Attf1lua lor .. EX 2'?50
Caoa elto.-. P eed - t h r u. 15 on P a nel . T hree P anl'h 1.00 TEST EOUIPMENT, etc. Lar-ge variety. including
BNC fr G"90 /Ul ('oulal Panl'l Socktts EX 6/ 1.0fl
Coax 6" long .... / O:-;C ({;"G260 A IU) P l ug l'Ich l'nd. EX 4/1.00 H _P. 400B ; Sim pson 260 $30. 269 $45. 38 $30; B eck-
Cou 8"' w/I B:"C P lu g & 1 B:"C P a nel Sockcl .. E X 3/1.00 m an counter # 7370 10c p s-10mc $650; T etronix
scope p lug-ins $30 to $12'; ; BC 659 T r a n sc . $10.
E. C. HAYDEN Bo, 294. Boy Saint Louis,
MississIppI, 39520 . Send 25(' fo r la r ge list of t est e q u io m e n t . etc .
PrIces: FOB Bay Saint Louis. Terms : Net, Cash . P a le n E le c t r o n ics . P. O . Box 1536, San Mateo,
c sur. 94401. Phone 341-9 747.

106 13 MAGAZINE
IMMACULATE SR 160 w ide supply a n d cable s .
$175.00. Will s h ip. K7HVE, 103A U niversit y Vil-
lage, S alt Lake City. Utah , 84108. "ARCTURUS" SALE
~6 H6 .. $2.95 '::S '25 /6A ~6 rse : 3/$2.00 '::6AQS. ere
HX-20 XMTR. 80- 10M S SB a n d C W o Pro fe s s ionally =6360.. 3.50 ':: SS~ 2/ H ' .\ . •. . • . . 2.50 .:: 68Q' . Me!
wire d b y C o llin s R a d io Engine er. E x c ellent =668S.. 3.50 = 58 ~' / ~ 0 "A 2.50 =6CG t, 59e!
cc ndx. S110. J a m e s D emler. W0DSU , 1100 W . ':: 0939.. 3.50 .:: IA X 2 se : 5/2.00 = 6J 6 •• sse
= '0 ~5 .. .59 .:: 6 K 3llt : 3/ 1,00 =6Tll .• Silt
G odfr e y Ave ., A p t . 407. Philade l p hia , P a . 19141. .:: rt 88 .. 3 .t 5 :: 12 U:"6 soc : 3/ 1. 49 .::6U8. 7SC
= 2n21.. .4 9 .f: 25L6 59¢ : 3/ 1...9 #12.\U 75!.lC
CALAXY V MODIFICATION KITS: Foot-Switch
CW Operation, exter n a l r eceive r a n ten na ja c k, • T ube carto ns : OA UO etc. etee, $1 .95 per 100. 08 :\".
etc. use. $2.35 per 100. 5U4G B atze, $2. 75 pe r 100.
three extra rela y co n n a c ts , a n d more. $15.00 pp . 5U 4G si ze• .03C each.
Write WB6 NWW. 5349 Abbeyfield St., Long Beach. • Obsole te t ubes: :: U X 200. $1.69 ; #80, $1. 20; # l OV.
69 C
Calif. 90815. • 7 Inch 90 degree T'- bench test pict ure t ube wHh
adapte r. No Ion trap needed. Ca t. .:t7 B P7, $7.99.
DAH -DI TTER ELEC TRONiC KEYEP. . .. N e w • S Ui C'Oll rt>cUtler cetal- based )(II1 jl;- ra nge r eplacemen t. Cor
in tegrated c ircuit a u t o m a tic k e y er. Fully self sue . 5 \' 3, SAS", 5AW ~ . 5T t, 5, · t, 5Z ~. Wit h d lacra m.
Cal. = It l'<"t I , 90C each.
c omp e ting on both dtt a nd d ah . B u ilt in AC s u p - • Sillron reeun er r ep la cement , oclal based, Cor OZi .
p ly a nd k e y ing monitor. Is ola t e d r e ed relay out - t"af. = !tl'<"{ 2 . 99 C ea ch.
put . Completely assem b le d a nd r e ady fo r o p e r a- • 10 s1Ucon r ecun er s, 751) ~IA . , 50 to 300 p. l. v. Caf.
t io n . P r ic e S34.95. O r d er now direct fro m : M &M =3301-' . 9!JC eaeh,
• R CA- H O dell rees t\.rback t rans former. lI tes t u-pe.
E le c t r onics . K e v e r D ept ., 6835 Sunn y b r ook. NE, J'rOtl ut't'. HI K'-. I ncludes schema llc dlacram a pp lica ti on
Atlanta . G a . 30328. for any T ' -. Cat =BR - l $2.99.
• 5 trans lJtor elrt'ult boa rds conta ining u p to 6 t ran .
sb tors. p lul d iodes, reals te rs , eeuac n o rs , e tc. Cat.
WRL's USE D GEAR HAS trial- terms-g uarantee ! ::TSIO, 9flC
75AI-S169.95; G66B-$39.95; 913A VHF Amp .- • Xeed ie!l : nl ues s ueh as .:t AS 22 lapphire. 39¢: dia _
$179.95; A p ache - $99 .95 ; HAl O Amp- $189.95 ; mond, H!-'C .
• Color yokel. ;0 d egree for a ll around color CIlT'I .
HW30/2 'er -$44.50: AF67- $49 .95 ; Rang er 2_$149 .95 ; Ca t # X TlC 78 , $1 2.95. 00 deg ree for a ll r~tangula r 19
2B r e c e iv e r- $179 .95 ; Valiant-$149 .95: HQI00- to 25 Inch eotcr CR T ' s. Cat. # X RCH O. $12.95.
$99.95. Low p rice on hund r e d s more . Free "blu e , • T ra nsis tor ized U. II. F . t une rs used In 1965 to I fl67
T \' sets made hy Ad mir a l. R CA, Motorol a , etc. R emOI"_
book" list . WRL, B o x 919 , Council B luffs , I o w a a bl e gea rln/l: may varr from one make to a nother. N eed
51501. onl}' 12 volts d,c. to function. Xo tIIament \'Oltag", neeJ ·
ed. Jo; U )' re pla ceme nt u nits. Ca t . = U. U. F. 56 7. $ 4.95
516E- l D.C. POWER SUPPLY 35102 Mount fo r • F I)'bu k tran sforme r In orl/l: lnal ca rton. ~f ade by
~ rerlt or T odd . ~Iost ....lth schemat tc draw ing DC un it.
Colli n s KWM-2 bot h $135.00. Exc ellent c o n d ition . Pl e~ se do not req uest spect ne type. Ca t . =506. 99t' eeeh.
M . H alle , 1520 Turc ot Dorval, P . Q ue., Canada . • Kit or 30 tested ge'l"manium diodes. Cit . ~ 100. 99t"
s end Cor ou r f ree cata lo/l: Ihtln.r thousand s oC Similar
514-631-6676. bt>., bllJ"'!l In tu bes, PUll. klU, trand stors, ~In!!n
IlI C. Order under $5.00. add SOC handl1ng cha rge. I neiude
SPRINC A UCTION of the R ocka w a y A m a t eur ~ '10 or dollar eerue oC order Cor posta ae. Canad ia n poet-,
R a d io Club will be h e ld Frid a y e v e n in g. April a /l: e. $1.00 l'llra
26, 1968 a t the A m e r ic a n I rish H a ll. B each Chan - ARCTURUS ELECTRONICS CORP.
n el D rive a t B e a ch 81s t S t .. Ro ckawa y B e a ch. Phone : 201 - UN 4 - 5568
N .Y . Come t o the b e st A uction In t h e N ew York 502·22nd . St., Union City , N.J. 07087 Dept. M73
area . For detailed d irections w rite t o t he Rock-
away ARC. PO B ox 205. Rockawa y Park. N .Y.
11694.
FOR SALE: Lampkin 105 Freque ncy Meter $140.
205 Modulation M eter $140 , Mo d el 15 Teletype
60 w o rds e xcelle n t $40, W 8CJP. 11446 Lakeshore.
Grand Haven, M ic higan. 49417. RADIO TELETYPE EQUIPMENT
TELETYPE ) lODELS 28 ASR, 28 KSR, 28 LPR,
FOR SALE: H e a t h Apa c he TX-l very clean . $90 ; 28 L.4. n p~ 28 LX D. 28 LBX D I, 14. 15 . 19 . P a g e
a lso like n ew H a m m arlund H Q170C $165. KIMWF pri nlers, l'er f o r uto r s , Ue p t·r Coralo r s. T ra nsm it -
L . J . Burns . RFD , Pla inville , Conn . 06062. tcr-dts u-l b u tors, Polar Re la~-s. Co lli ns R ecei vers
ATV OR C L OS E D C I RC U IT CAMERA. new, s e lf 5lJ.3. R ~ 3 8 8, S U 1-. R ~3 9 0A. lIammarlund 5 1'.
r

conta ined power sup p ly. video output . & 3 ~ 6 600JX. Freq uency S h ift Corn-cr iers.
transmitte r $265 .00. W2MCA Ri v oli TV, 287 W . ALl.TRO.~ 'CS· '101r' AU D CO.
M errick Rd ., V alle y Stream. N .Y . 11580 . 516 LO nux 19. Bo st on , ~-[ass 02 10 1 Tef r 6 17~ 7 ,J.2 -0 0 "8
1~8090.

LOS ANCELES AREA- C o m ple t e s t a tio n - H e a t h

SB-301 with a ll filters and Johnson Ranger with
PTT, mike. key , manuals-lik e new , $350 . Phone
2 1 3 -3 23 ~ 3 8 23 .
M & M's Electronic Keyer
the "DAH-DITTER®"
CERTIFICATE will be issu ed b y H e nry Ford
Mu seum to any st at ion tha t w o rks t he M otor City MODE L EK · 1A
R a d io Club station, W 8MRM , d urin g t he 24 h ours
prior t o the Old T im e r s N ight ban q uet . W ork Assembled
O NLY $34.95
W 8MRM on M a y 4 (G M T ) on o r n e ar 3.663. 3.900, a n d Tested
7.070, 14.300 , 50 .1 78. 145.350, o r 146.94 M e . QSL for
c e r ti fica t e. P e t e " Tip p ett. WA8VIF , S e c 'y .. M ot or A ll soli d state wi th space age integrated circuits •
C ity R a dio Club. G r e enfie ld Villa g e , D e arborn. Full y self -c omp leti n g on both Dah and Dit •
M ich. (n o v ice c ontact s b y sched u le .) F ixed 3 /1 Dah/D it rati o fo r p erfect code . Built-
in AC p o w er su pp ly . Full y isolated reed rel a y
FOR SALE: Steward W arner 390A j VR R R e cv . ou t p u t . Bu ilt-in s ide t o ne o sc ill a to r and speaker .
$850.00; RBA 15kc to 600kc r-ecv . S45.00 ; National S p ee d range 5 to 40 WPM .
HFS r cvr. 27mc to 230mc $60 .00 : Heath Imp Brid g e Send y our order direct to:
I B~1 $40 .00 ; 50 w att 6 meter AM XTMR H .B . $35.00 ;
model 15 teletype complete $70 .00. W20AP J . M & M ELECTRONICS - Ke ve r D e pt.
Murray. 40-33 61 si.. Woodside. N .Y . 11377. 6835 Sunn yb rook, N.E,. Atlan ta, Geo rgia 30328

MAY 1968 107

 YOUR SURPLUS WANTED BY HEAT H APAC HE t rans mitt e r f or sale fo r $130.
In excellent condition. Will ship. WA4ZGQ R od-
ney B land , 512 Ro b e r t s St.• A h o skie . N .C . 27910.
THE FASTEST GUN IN THE EAST
BROADCAST TV 1.0. camera, camera chain, s td.
No horsing a round , we 1111 fas l . . . in 24
hours • . • and we PI)' mere. We ' ll swap or R.M.A . sync generator, w /tntertace. D .A .'s , tripod ,
t rade new ecu rpmeot t oo . . . We quote las t le n se s a nd many various associated TV equip .,
100. We also pay for shipping, insull nce , etc . reg. supplies, etc. $1,500. W . K a yle r, 205 Lonsdale
You ca ll fast , now, cottect. for fas t Quote. R d ., P rospect H e ight s, Ill. 60070. 312-259-8791.
S .A .S .E . fo r list .
~
- SPACE ELECTRONICS
dill. of MILITARY ElECTRONICS CORP, PM RB- AF 68-AC-DC SUPPLY $150. Clegg
4178 Plrk Avenue , Bran... Nftl' York 10457, (2 iZ ) CY 9 -0300 66ER $140. New H e a t h capac ito r checke r $20. Y ou
p a y shipping. WB4H NT. 3799 M a cLamar, Mont-
g ome r y, A la. 36111.
"THECOMPLETE HAM STORE" L A B T U NE D RTTY-88MH TOROIDS. $2.50 e a .
WHERE YOUR DOLLAR BUYS THE MOST p .p . 1275, 2125, 2295, 2975 H z . Ask Cor o ther freq .
- R . J e ff r e y , W60XK, 639 Outlook A v e ., Oakland,
Calif. 94605.
All leo d ing lines of erneteur gear :
K L E INSCHM IDT TT76A (t y p in g r e 'pe r f , k e yboard,
We give best trade-in allowa nce TD, & T a b le ) B r a n d new with manual & spar e
for your g ear on new eq uipment: p a r t s $100; 2 KW bandswitch i ng line ar a m p lifie r
u sing a pair of 4-400 A 's w ith CCS powe r s u p ply
C all us for t he best d eal: $350 o r t rade fo r D r ake R-4. Will d eliv er w ithin
100 mile s . W a rre n WA3JYI, 2828 S . S impso n St.
WE PAY CASH FOR HAM & CB RADIOS Phila d elphia, Pa .
CALL OR WRITE
WANTE D: For private collection , r a dio gear ,
BOB'S AMATEUR ELECTRONICS p a rts , catalogues, s park gea r , tubes made b e-
fore 1927. E s p e cially D eFo rest , Fede r a l , G rebe,
927 N.W. lst. St.. OKLA. CITY, OKLA. 73106 K e n n e d y , ear ly A t water K ent , P a r a g o n, M ar-
Phone 40S·CE·5·6387 c o ni. G . Angle , Cle a r Lake , S . Oak . 57226.
FRESNO HA M FEST, Ma y 3-4-5t h a t the T r o p ic a n a
Motel, 4061 N . B la cks t one , Fre s no. T ickets $8
u n til April 27t h, include registr ation, p r i ze s , b a n -
UERYTHING- UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED quet, etc. S e nd to Box 783, F r e sno , Cal. 93721.
S ILIC . RECTl f . 8000 PI V 400 MA. Luge ul er'. rermln.
Invent.• not eereeu : Sla ter ~LA0 8 · 2. l in : r ererse. 2 uA; APR4 CO M P L ET E with 3 t u ning u nits , 2-38 M c
f wd drop, 8.2 f. cc« fll fa. S5 0 to 95 Me . 1-74-320 Mc . A steal for $75. K . R .
Ba kel. ene.pl uL 3:1:3"" :1:1"' hI 0•. PAIR P ostp aid .3 H anc ock , P .O. B o x 299, Endic ott , N .Y . 13760.
MA RCON I FM DEV IATION METE R TF _934, re&,u larU'
f.89U. Hea dl de v. w/ranl\"eli 5, 25, .5 ke. Ha l a ud io moni tor.
Made for ~IlL. 2*- 100 nrc, easily reaches 1000 me on h a r- SB-300; S S B, A M , CW filters plus 2M con v e r t e r;
mon ics; we Inclu de all rnst rucucn e. excellent , $200 o r b e st o ff e r . SASE for o t h e r H e ath
Checked out , ready to use. $249.50 equipment . Edward F . J u row, 20314 H arding ,
Bra nd New VH F rcvr a look Il ke BC- 453 Command but a re O lympia F ield s, IlL 60461.
9-tu be 108· 135 me. 2 uv eens.. 2 rr's, 3 IF's; nosle Im tr :
ave. W /.eh em" Inat ruct .. spu ne knob, & graph to aet tree.
by counting t urns . A. R.C . Type UB , 28, htr EX C E LLEN T C LEG G 66'er , $175. RME 4350, $75.
wirin g ; i # ahpg. wt. . • . . . . . .• .•... $22.50 Must s ell for college expenses. Larr y J enn ings
R32 h nme but w/ IQue!rh : lh ht r wiring , .. ' . $27.50 WA0 P L E , Box 176, Basehor , K ansa s 66007.
R_ 23 / AR C· 5 Command revr 190· 550 i e 14.95
A. R.C . 12 = 22 Command revr M O·1600 i e...•. ...•.. 17.95
L M. 14 Irec . meter•. 01$ 123 i e-:!O me 57.50 SH A C K CLEAN OUT SA L E; I n c r m . Osc. Cha s sis,
TS _321 / UR fre<! . meter 20 -480 me. .001% .....•.•.. 169.50 units tnclue 10Xt a ls from 10 to llMhz ., tube,
BC · 22I', OK .. .... . _$67.50 TS· 175 OK .. ..... . 127.50 toroid step relay, plug, trimmer, etc., $40 Value ,
CLO SIN G OUT Rad io Reeeiyarl 38-4000 me It C RA2Y
LOW P R ICES l Ali for APR - 414YCY · 253 aheet . only S3 ea . Eimac, RCA , Ampex tubes : 833, 6155,
AL L. BAND S S B RCVR BAR GAIN : lIa ll1craften R · U / 7378, 5867, 304TL, 4X5oo , 3X3000, SKJOO, $14 ea ch
ARR -i ., 550 kc to 43 me eentmuous. vcrce. CW o lIe"", gntd . 6166, 3CXI0,OOO, 4-1000 . 549 each RCA D u a l
aligned . (J'td. w/book; 2-RF, 2· IF"s. a-meter : neue X t a l Ovens $1, 3/ $2, 6M o r 10 M FM Xmter-S14 .
lmtr : 3 Ill , 9 non-a u aelecllv1t,. SW54 Rcvr.-$25 , Mohawk RX1 Rc vr.- S99 , T X 86
choices. u n pwr aply .•. 149.50
110 cy pWT ~pb': $.~O. !'l!'lR prodllct det ect or: $20 X m t e r-$59, Walk Ie-Talkle s-$4 ea., TN3B , TNIB
WA NT ED : GOOD LA B TEST EQ UP T & MIL COM MUNI C. Convert-$14 each 6 & 2 M . convert-$9, S o la
TIME P AY P LA N : Any pu rchase LOlSllnlt 2% P I S . 200-300V, 250 ma-$9. $5 f or S u r p rise Box
~160.0nO or mort'. do wn PIl}'lrlcnt onl~' 10% of Miss. P ieces . WA8G FR , 1423 W e st 52, Cleve-
DO NOT ASK FOR CATALOG ! ASK FOR land, Ohio 44102.
SPECIFIC ITEMS OR KINDS OF ITEMS Y OU
NEED! WE ALSO BUY!
DAYT O N HAMVENTION April 27, 1968-Wampler
R. E. GOODHEART CO. INC. A re na Center, Dayton , Ohio, sponsored by D ay-
ton Amateu r Radio Association . QSO i n person
Box l220.GC. Beverly Hills. Calif. 90213 at the n ation's foremost radio event of t h e year .
Phonc \ : Area 213, office 272·S707. messages 27S.S342 Technical sessions . exhibits , hidden transmitter
hunt . Bring the XYL for an outstanding Ladies
Program . Join the satisfied participants w ho re,
TRY US FOR HIGHEST TRADE·INS turn yea r a ft e r year in celebrating Ohio A rna-,
S'Yln 240 -$189. 00--8..an 120-$99.00 teur R adio Week . Watch the H a m ads for infor-
6X 2-Lln. :!OOO PEP-F/C 349.00- T - Bolt
T hunderbolt Lin. Amp. 32S.00- re &,ul ar mation or w rite Dayton Hamvention , B ox 44,
SB300· 249.00--SB400 -295.00 D a y t o n , Ohio, 45401.
IIX ·50-199. OQ-IIQlSO- 249. lJO-H Ql iOA.C - 289-.00
Ll r gel!t . toek of used equ ipment on ha nd
FRE C K RADI O & S UPP LY CO.. IN C. FO R S A L E: N a tio n al N C-300, and 2 mete r con -
38 Bi lt more An ., AsheYl lle, N. C. 2880 1 vert e r , $150. B a r k er & Willia mso n B&W5 100B
Ph . 704· 254·9S51 CLOSED S AT UR DAYS with H e a t h SB- 1O side-band a d a p ter, $110. D a vid
T . T. Freck W4WL Doug Jonel WB41H O Ru th , 256 The U pland s, B erkeley, Calif. 94705.

lOB 73 MAGAZINE
MINT GALAXY III SSB Transceiver, G ala x y 12
VDC Mobile Supply. Turner Mobile M IC. rnstruc, SURPLUS ELECTRONICS
tion ManuaL $295.00. K6UA W Mal Oakes, 356
Yacon, Vista . Calif. Phone 714-724-7584. ARC. [ J 00- 156 Me. trl'lnsceiver-$20.00.
Mea sureme nts model 84 siqnel generotor-
REPLACE TUBES in Health VTVMs with FETs $ 100.00.
and Silicon diodes . Performance i nclud ing 'I'e m.,
perature stability maintained . portability a dded. APR·5 1000·6000 Me. rcvr, J 15 v, 60 cycles .
All components with complete i nst r uctions $10.00. unu sed-$ I00,00.
Send schematic for quote o n other V T V Ms. C ir- Kin-Te l 508.50 Absolute Voltoge Power Supply-
c uits Maximums. 906 Car n egie Avenue, P lai n field,
New Jersey, 07060. $ 100.00.
902·A 2· in ch ceth ode-rev tube , new- $2.95.
SEE MY AD on page 123 of 73 Magazine for Jan u -
ary-will trade for stereo tape dec k, recorder, H u ndreds of other items for the hom e-
35 mm photo enlarger or camera, or what have brewer & experimenter. Send J Oe fo r flyer.
you ? KIABE-Rumford . R .I. 02916.
JEFF-TRONICS
JOB WANTED. French F9WK wants electronics
4252 Pe-clI'i Rd. de-pt, e Cr"nlond, Ohio 44109
job in States. Age 35, 18 years electronics experi-
ence, excellent English. W4BXD will sponsor .
Address A IC Falrnet Bernard . E .R.V. 04-94, 18 HOBBY IUT:
Avord-Atr, France, or W4BXD , J a m e s W . H u d- Just th e tools fOt' work ing on thet equl pmtllt : Comlsh of
one eaeh:
gins, 1213 East Clinton Avenue, Huntsville, A la . 4%· VA-CO Long ~ose Pilon
35801. 4%· VACO Dluone' Cutters
Wire Stripolng &: Cutting Tool
PRINTED CIRCUIT KITS, e tc hing powder, 3 cir- Midget Scre w Driver :
10 Foot Printed Circuit Solde r
c ui t boa r ds, resist, circles and t ape s , $3.50 Only $1.98 Postpaid In U.S .A.
PPUSA48, C a lif. add tax. W lI llam D eane , 8831 Free Tool a nd P art Catal ol Available
Sovereign R d ., San Diego. Cal . 92123. BIGELOW ELECTRONICS
Dept . 733. P.O . BOll; 71 Bluffton. Ohio 4581 7
BLANK PRINTED circuit boards 092-032 t hick-
ness copper both sides , 4" x 8 " . 5 boards $1.50 p lu s
postage. Bill Hayward, 3408 Monterey. St. J o s e ph,
Missouri 64507. VH F- UHF
TRADE SWAN 350 in good working order for Conveners and Preamps for 50 thru 432 Me.
Swan 250 in same condition . J . P . Delaney, 1452 Wrife for liferafure.
Calle Madreselva, Thousand Oaks. Calif. 91360.
Telephone 805-495-5546. PARKS ELECTRONICS
HQ..no $100; DX- ..UO $45; o·n scope $30. All with 419 S.W, First Beaverton, OR. 97005
manuals and in gud condx. WB6PBI , 612 Miller
Ave., P a c ific a . Calif. 94044. LARGEST SELECTION In United State.
WANTED IN GOOD CONDITION: C o mplete set
AT LOWEST PRICES 48 hr. den.ery
Codex T a p e s ; Ham M Ro t ato r ; Millen Grid Dip- Thousands of frequencies In dod.
per; V H F Gear. H al Lami K 4G G V. RR5. B o x 334. !rpes Include HC6/U, HCII/U,
Mobile. Ala . 36608. FT-241 . FT.24J, st, 171 , etc.
SEND 10, for catal09 with oscillator
REWARD for information le a d in g to procurement circuits, Refunded on first order.
on manual on Yuba-Dalmotor mobile linear a nd 2400B Cr)ottaJ Dr.. Ft, II)W'S, FIL " " '
power supply. Roy Brougher, W4IK, 3743 W e s le y
Drive, Montgomery, Ala . 36111.
SBE.]] TRANCEIVER with DC supply and mount. ETCHED CIRCUIT BOARDS
perfect, $200. HR-10 receiver . excellent, $55. DX-20 So\"lce TraM. • • • . • • . . 2.75 :Sovlce ree• . .• . ..• •• . 2.75
Transmitter excellent, $25. David R u sc itti RTTY Encoder •. •.. • . 2.50 RTTY Decode r ..•. . . .. .00
UHF Dlpoen 2. 25 SWR Bridle ..•.•. • . 1.25
WA1FRC, 63 Grant St.• Milford. Mass . 01757 . Lr.b Supply 3.50 144 Converter 5.75
Keyer 95 cr OI C. ~Ion. . 1.25
Se nd order or Catalog request to •••
RETIRED- M o v in g QTH-Must clean o ut. M e t ers
-oil condensers-amplifiers -modultator - dyna _ HARRIS CO.
BOX 985. TORRINGTON . CONN. 06790.
motors-transformers- tubes. etc . Sase. 5 p . list . Corm. Res. add sales tax.
Trite s . WI JJ. 165 Parkway. M e lr o s e . M a s s. 02176.

FOR SALE: 420 Sams PF. coveri ng Nos. 1-620-

$250.00; 13 volumes Rider TV manuals-$150.00;
N .H.I. Radio-TV course, 6 volumes W!VTVM &
chassis-S75 .oo. All FOB. WB2YYX Robert Wendel .
160-20 Grand Central Pkwy ., Jamaica, N .Y. 11432 .
WE PAY CASH
KNIGHT T-1S0A X MTR $75; R -1000A r'cvr, all
extras. $75 ; Mike, xtals. SWR . FS meters. Coax
Antenna Switch . $25; Mint. Steve, 107 wnuem.
Sikeston . Mo. 63801. FOR TUBES
HT.44 WITH PS..IS0-120, $240; Drake 2B with Lewispaul Electronics, Inc.
crystal calibrator. $190 ; selling bot h in excellent
condition. A lso selling SB-33, $140. w orks w ell 303 West Crescent Avenue
w ith H e a thki t M P-I0, $18 . F OB R aile x Lompo c ;
W A 6PG A . RF D A97; you can phone me a t 805- Allandale, New Jersey 0740 I
736-3762 for $1 for le s s at night rates.

MAY 1968 10'1

 WANTED WANTED: TRANSMATCH- M u lle n o r .Johnson--
MILITARY SURPLUS AS TRADE·IN'S What h ave y o u. Sta te p ric e wanted a nd con di-
tion . Ollie E ggen, WA01LY, Crane Lake , Minn.
WE OF F E R new boxed Ameeo, Drake, 55725.
E imac, E-Z 'Vay T owers, Gonset, Ham-
marlund , H y-Gain antenna s, Ham -M MECHANICAL ELECTRONiC DEVICES CATA-
Rot or s, National, SBE, Sonar, Swan, LOG 10<, . . . T eletype Mo d el 14 r eperrcratcr with
Al so recondit ioned ham e q u i p m e n t autom atic tape t a k e up r e w in d er 115VAC60cy .
t aken in a s t rade. Both units new, unused $69.95 . . . ARR27 Re-
ceive r 29 tubes 465-518 MHz w /60 MHz if new ,
' VE NEED unm odified su r plu s equip- u nu sed $35 .. . 1/ 16 la m in a t e d c o pper clad 2 oz.
m ent with prefix ARC, ARN, ARM , 2 sid e s, f or printed ci rc u its 9 ~ ~ x Hf2 $1 .. , 3/ $2 .
APN , APX, APS, APR,B C,FRC,GRC , T r ans is t o r boards bana nza $5.95 . . . Wide b and
UPX , GPM, GRM , PRC, MD, URM, b a la n c e d m od ulator $4.95 . . . 30 MHz IF Assem-
UPA, UP"l , U RC, US M, URR , VR C, b ly $5 .95 . . . Tra nsm itte r TDG w / Mcdu lator
TED, TRC, TS, also Bendix, Collins , e asily converted to 2 meters $49.95 . . . Low p ass
Boont on, Bir d, Mea surements, AR C, filter 0-32 M Hz 52 ohm $9.95 . . . 5K V/ 2K V / I K V
a t 750 mal200ma/250ma P o w er supply. W r it e fo r
GR, Tek t r on ix, Commercial Equipment, d e t a ils . Fertik 's, 5249 " 0", P h ila ., Pa . 19120.
Collins 18S- 4, 17L, 51V, 51Y, 618S,
618T, 51 X, 51R, 51J, and R-278 /GR Re- RTTY GEAR FOR SALE. L ist issued month ly, 88
ceivers, T-217 f GR 'I'ransmittter s, MD_ or 44 M Hy torroids 5 for $1.50 postpaid . Elliott
129 / GR Modu la tors, MT- 686 /GR Racks , Bucha n a n & Associates, Inc ., 1067 M and a n a Blvd .,
Oak land , California 94610.
AT-1971GR Antenna s , Tech Manuals
and Tubes. WANTED: M ilita r y , commer c ial, s u r p lu s, Air-
CLE AN OUT YO UR S HACK by send- born e , g ro u nd, t r ans mitters , receivers , tests e t s .
ing us your list of su r plus f or t r adin g. accessor ie s . Esp e cially Collins. W e pay f r e ig h t
It m ight be worth mor e t han you t hink. a nd cas h . R it co Ele ct r onic s , Box 156, Annan d a le,
Li st what yo u h ave and what you Va . Pho ne 703-560-5480 c ollect.
want . DUMMY LOAD 50 ohms, fia t 80 through 2 m eters ,
Write, Wire. Phone Bill Slep, W4FHY coax con nector, power to 1 kw. K it, $7.95, w i r e d
$11.95. p p H a m KITS , Box 175, C r anford , N ..J.
SLEP ELECTRONICS COMPANY
HAM RADiO CONVENTION : T h e Lockheed Ama-
Drawer 178P, Highway 301 t e ur R a d io Club (W 6LS) will hofd a H a m R adio
ELLENTON, FLORIDA 33532 C o n v ention May 18th a nd 19th a t 2814 Empire
Phone (813 ) 722.1843 A venue , Burbank . T h e d isplays, demonstrations ,
and talks will be of interest t o all hams, as w ell
as to tho se w h o plan to become hams . In a d di-
U. S. CRYSTALS tion to displays o f the latest e qu ipment a n d a c;
c essor tes. t op speake rs will pro vid e excellen t p ro-
Surplus Crystals - Amateur g ra ms b o t h d a y s a n d prize drawin g s w ill b e held
H 20, DC34, C R1 A/A R, FT241 t h r o u g h o u t the 2-da y event. Full p arti cula r s are
HC b/ U an d other misc. c rysta ls available to those w ho r equest it in w riting o r
WrIte for Free Catalog w ho ca ll 848-9340. T his club r e s u ta rt v conducts
U. S. CRYSTALS fre e a mateur radio lic e n sing courses which are
P.O . Box 78397 o pen to e veryo ne who w ant s t o become a h am .
Los Angeles. Calif.
THE ASTRO Amateur R ad io C lub swa p re st Sun -
d a y M a y 19, H u m p h r e y s P ark, L in t o n , Ind iana .
Fre e Lunch. N o C h a r ge . Info r m a tion : .f r . Barnard
WA9RUU, R oute 2, L i n to n , I ndia n a 47441.
:--G j in-I/ //~J : ,?}--, LOUISVILLE HAM KENVENTION. Saturday,
Red ucu Int er fer ence and For ALL Amateur Tfi ni. August 31 a t t he E x ecutiv e Inn, featu r ing D e alers
Noise on All Mak es S hort mitten. Rat ed a t 1000
Wa ve Ru t ln n . Mak es Wat ts A M 2000 SSB P I Net a nd Manufactu r e rs; T e chnic al F oru m s ; Prizes ;
Worl d W id e Recept ion or l ink Direct reed . Co ntests ; Fashions fo r t he Ladies . 648 South
Strong6/". Clea rer on All l ight, Neat , Weatherproof. F ourth Stre et 40202.
Ban ds !
Complete as shown tolal len gth 102 f t. with 96 ft . of 12 ohm
bala nr ed twlnlln e. H I- Imp act molded resonant traps. You
Just tun e to des ired band. Excrl len t for ALL world-w lda
short- wal"t recof vers and ama teu r t ransm itters. F or K OYIC E
AX D ALL CI, ASS ,U I AT EU Rg l xumtna tee ::; sepa ra te an -
tenna s w it h elfe ll" nt perfo rmance proven. I nconsp icuous tor
FlIu y Ne ighborlloods l EASY I :s"ST" T,LAT IO :-l ~ T hol/n l1d s
of lig en.
75 - 40- 20-U- I O meter hands. Complete ... . ..• ... .... $19. 95
41l- 20 . U - IQ mete r, 54 ft. (bn t tor I wl' s ). e cm ptete . . $18.95
S E ND ONL Y $3.00 (ca sh. eh.. mol a nd pay postman hala ncr
COD p lus pc»talH' on a rrl ta l or l end tull p rice for post pai d
de lifery . Fr ee Inf ormatio n.
MIDW AY ANTENNA . Dep t. A· S • Kear ney, Nebr . 688-47

W E PAY H IGH EST

PRICES FO R EL ECTRON
TUB ES AN D SEM ICON DUC TORS
UNITY ELECTRONICS
107 TRUMBULL STREET
ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY 07206
(201 ) 35 1·4200

110 73 M AGAZINE
 *
,---"-'---------'
I SALE
SALE I 1 "TAB" I SALE * SALE I
I_~_--I
X ·Form" J A ll tDV·60C, P,;m4T~ I-In Hiekoek Type Tube C hock .. . . $35

I SALE * SALE I
1_----"'-__1 GE YYZ _I Decad e S. li n. Count&.- . . $25
2500V @ICM a &. Fil , Z@ /' 5 P ira ni Vuuum Ga , es ........ .• . •.. $21
IlOOVCT @ 3OO Ma , e-e
8 A, 5 V @ ) IA &. " ES C" Var. Pu l5e Ten Step Delay Net.
12SV BI... abt 1200 YDC $4 @ . . . 5 /$12 work T O. 5uS EC / ZIOO &:. .05 to .5 .. $25
2.5Y ~ 2A $I @ _•• • •• ••••••• .4 for S2 SCR.SILICON-CO NTROL RECTIF IERSI AM -T IME PROD 500c y F ork &:. Am p. $20
6.3Y @ I" SI .50 @ .. .......•. .4 for $5 " VF C" Vlbretor Feeder Contro ll ed
ZOYAC-&' TAPS/ a, 12, 18. 20V @ 4A $2 @ PRY 16A 25 A PRY 16A 25A Type 5-( S he ko Tab le ) . . . . . . . • . • • • . $50
32y e r / IA or 2X16V @ IA $3@ . 4/'10 50 . 50 .75 400 1.60 1.90 Black LI ght Lamp e & UV Sylva nia .. $2
480 Vet@ 40Ma &. 6.S @ 1.5A eso $1.50 100 .95 1.20 600 1.95 2.15 GE 190T3 /CL·60V /Q· l nfra R Lamp .. $5
10 Vct @ 5A &. 7.5 Vet @ 5A • •. • • • •$5 200 1.1 5 1.30 800 2.85 3. 60 BC746 Ban ta m I watt lell Colli .. . . 3/ $ 1
6.3 Vet 15.5A &. 6.5 Vet @ 2A $4 300 1.40 1.65 1000 3 .70 4 .50
7. 5 Vet @ .lAo $3@ 2/ $5 Unteated " S CR" Up to 2S Amp e. 6 / $2 A NY R EASON ABLE OFFER
Gla ll Diod es IN 3.. . 48. 60 . 64. 30 for SI A CCEPTED VA CUUM EQUIP.
866 C.T./2. 5V/lOA FILAMENT W olch Du o· Sea l I402B Lg Cap Hi
X F M R 10 Ky I nsltd $2 @• . . . . 3 /$5 Vacuu m 140 Llt e/ M & Mt r o Mint &:.
5 U4 SIlicon Tu be •. $I .50 @. 5 f or $5 LN Con 50 lId ated Va • . Co", PMC I 15A
S a ndswltch Cerami c 500W 2 P j6 P os. $2@ 5 R4 S il i con Tub• . . . . . $4 @. 3 far $9 Di th ion " IO N" Pump. & Like New
5 Hy·.-oo Ma Ch ok a SoI @ ••• • • • • • • • • 21 55 866A S ili con T uba .. S IO il) . 2 f.,. $1 8 HiY ac Valwe CYC:V CS21. Li ke New
6 Hy· Soo M. S51i) ...••.•...•. ,_ . . . . 21'6 Tem en al V Ae Yalue . New.
250 Mfd @ 450 W V Lattl yUe $3 @, 5/ ' 10 "TA B" • S IL ICO N ONE AMP DIODES W .E. #2 93 Spr ln. Rel ay Tool . . . . 21 $ 1
Cnds, Oi l IOM ld • 600Y DC 4 $e ~ . 10/ $1
CD J 01A / 6 It Cord PL5S & J K26 •. 2/$1
Cnd l, a ll 6 Mf d @ ISOllY $-I @ • .5 for SI O Faa or, T t l lrd & GMaranlttd Carbor un dum F i ne 6· Stone ..•.•. . • 2/ $ 1
Lin. Filter 200 Amll ll 30 YAC $5. 5 / '20 P iw /Rm s P l w/R ml P l w/Rm s P iv /Rml 5· way Red & Bl eck Bind /nl P os b. 5/$1
DC 3 1/2"' Meter /RD / 800M a sa e , 2/ 15
DC 2 ~ " Meter/RO Il OO Ma S3@ , 50 /35 100170 200 /140 300 /2 10 W r Bu,. StU & Trad t A I If' rJl
DC 2'1.· Mtt &.-/RD / 30Y OC n @ ... 2 /$5 .05 .07 .10 .1 2
Line flit.. 200 A /230 YAC. $5 ~. 5/ 520
DC 4· Meter /RO /On . Ma ll o/. $5 @.2 / S9 W eston 0· 130VA C 3· Rd. . . . . • . . . . . . . $4
80ch t Cera rn ' c 11\'25 Tub• . . . . . . .. 5 /$ 1 El ap sed Tim e Met er s 11 5 VAe 3"' •.•. $6
Sock.t ~ra mi e 866 Tube
Soeket Ceramie 4Xl 50/L oktal
5/ $ 1
4 /$ 1
Va ri a n 0 ·120YA CIIOA & K&D , LN
Var ien 0·I J 5VACI1.5A & K& O. LN 15
I"
XMTTG M ica Cond sr . 006~ 2 .5 Kv 2 / $1 Mi n/ F an 6/ 12 VAC / 60ey &:. Blad e . . 3 / $5
Mi nl ·Recllft\\( 25Ma / 11 5VOC /FWB . 10/$1 Unt ested SC R 25A MP , • ..• 6/$2
W .E. Polar Relay # 255A $4 @, .. . 3/$ 10 Un tes ted 35A MP Si lico n P wr S t ud s 4/ S1
Unt OO$ted 12A MP S il icon P ow S t udl 8/$1
Lc ece_N ov IOO A II 2V3PH Sil Rect .. $ 16
RUS H Y OUR ORDER TODA Y . S ili con P ower Diodee, St uds &:. P . F. • • 250 MFD @4 50WVD C / Lectlytic $3@, 5 / $ 10
QT Y S liMITED SO Pi w 100Pi w 200 P iw 300P l w 500 M F D@2 00 M VO e $ I @. 1/$5
D. C. .0 12@ 25 K V "C O" Hy /
Tor ol d5 88 Mhy New P ck, 7 5c~ • . . • . 4/$2 Ampl 3 5R ms 70 R ml 140 Rm5 2 10 Rml
.25 . 50 . 15 .90
Ca pacit.,. S3@ . 4 /$10
200 KC Freq Std Xb l5 .... . •. • . . . . 4/$2 12 Vaceum . RF / 50MMF / 20KV. $4 ea. S/$ IO
• • 18 .20 .30 . 15 1.00
2 S ide /cu Pr i nt ed Ckt Bd New 91: 12" $ 1 . 80 1.20 1.40 1.90 Mica .0 I M F D / 8 K V RFjXMTG .
Klbon 5A a eset Ckl Brea ker . • . . . .4 /$ 1
2K t o 8K Hea d u b Good Und $2 "."
24.
1. 85
3. 1S
2.90
4 .75
3.50
1.75
4 60
10.45
$2 @ ..... .... .......... ....•... .• 8/ $ 10
West on :45/0.5 % 1I50VDC Lab Meter $27
W E : 15(I/ Low Freq CalT i u Coil l. 5 / $ 1
F ln hh ed Pi eto Xta l5 Bl an b 50/$ 1 D. C. 400 Piv 600 Pi v 100 Piw 900 P iv WSTGHS H iV olte 10 KV Scope ...•.. $35
Li lle F llt u 4 .5 A liiIII5Y AC ..• . 6 for $1 Amps 280R m5 420 Rms 4 90 Rms 630 Rms S P E R RY RF Lab Sco pe .• • . . . . • .• .. $35
Lin e Fliter 5A@ 12SYAC • .. . . . 3 tor $ 1 12 1.20 1.50 1.7 5 2. 50 " A B" / P OTS ASSTO .... ...... • .. . 5/$1
BOlIt Fil ter 400 M a ~ 28YD C .. 8 for $ 1 • • 18 1. 50 Qu er)' Qu ery Quer)' Dri ay Lin n ASSTD /ESC /.4 31S 1
2 .25 2 .70 3. 15 4 .00
Boa l Filt Cf'" In put/ 3A '1i) 30YD e • 6 f or $ 1
Ball en tln e #"300 AC /Lab Mlr•..... $35
"' 60
24. 14.40
5.15 1.50
19 .80
Query
23.40
Quory
Query
In lu l atl on Test/ 0·1 500YDC nonDES $30
R el ay I NT RL O K / P u lu / 1I 5VOC
DPOT $3@ . 3 for $5
C hoh 4 Hy /0. 5A/270 $3 @ •....•• 4 /$ t O Rssi stor Bleeder 50 K / 100W ... . 3 for $ 1
H' 51d Steven s Pred5ion C hoppers •.. $1 2 RCA 2 N408 & 2/1N 2326 Ckt Bd s Ampmtn. 30 /60 / 1201240/ 480A
Hell potl Mu lti Ten-Turn $4 @. 4 for $10 A N Type Temp Com po $3 @. 2 /$5
IN 2326 Can Un " ld or 6 for $ 1
Hellpol Dla15 $3@, 21$5 St nJ 2'( for Catalog
M I CA MTG K IT T0 36. T0 3. TO IO. 4/$ 1 Dlsc ap s .OO I (@ IOOO W VDC 10c @ .. 20/ $ 1
D. C. Power S up ply tl SY / 60 to 800 ANODIZ ED T 0 36 I NS UL AT O R . . . . 5/ SI
CY5. Output 330: T ap 165Y up t o Oicaps . 2l . 0G41ii'1 1000 W YOC 15c @) . 10/ $1
ZEN ERS I Watt 6 t o 200 Y .. 80@, 3/$2 Di sc ap s .03@ 1000 W YO C 15c@ . . .. IO /S I
150 Ma. Cued ........ . .... .• .. . $4 ZE NE RS 10 Wart 6 to 150 Y $I @, 6/ 55 O iecaps .0 1 @ 2000 W Y DC 18c @ .. •. 8/ $1
S T AB IS TO R UP to Te n Watt. 20 for SI O iscap s .00 1 @l 5 K VW DC 2Oc@ . • . . 8/ $1
" Br uni ng" 6" Pa ra llel Rul e@ . ... . • •. $ 1
Di n aps .005@ 5 K VW V OC 25e @ •. . 5/ $ 1
PL259A & S 0 239 CO- AX M&F P ai n 3 /$2 Wanted Te st Sm ( T S) & Equip. Discap s 130 mmG /6 K V 20c .••..... 8/ $ 1
Ph one Pa tc h Xfmrs Au td . ..• 4 fo r $ 1 .02@50 WV De 25 f or SI
FT243 Xlal & Hol der. l ur plul .. 5 for $1 • TR ANSI ST OR S · Se R'S • ZENERS l lI 6 or 12VAC Minlfan &. Bl ade $1
Fu ll Lea ds Faclor)' T est" & GT O I T0 3/PIN LU GS f.,. B &. E .. . . .• 15/$1
1",ltd B indi n g P u b "EBY " • . . . 25/ $ 1 PNP I50 Wa rt /l 5 A m p HiPwr T0 16 Cu e !
Sun ·~ ll l Selenium A u t d .. . . . .• . 10/$ 1 2 N4·U 442. 277. 27 1. OS50 1 U p To TO t' lSI I'AID FOR 3lHTI. TUBES
T0 3611 00W Untested T ra nl h tDrl . 4 /$1 50/ VCBO ... .•.. ....•... $I ~. 7 for $5
2 N218. 443. 174. U p to 80 Y S2@ . 4 for $5 18 Pr t u flt Diod es to 100 Piw ..•.. 5/ $1
Tu be Cla mps Aut d ...•.• .. .• . •• . 20/ $1 MICRO ·MU SWlTC H 3SA AC /DC . 10/ $ 1
.0 1 Mica 600 WV/ l kv test . •....•• 10 / $ 1 PNPI 50 W I2N1 980. 1910 & 2 N408 RCA SHORT L EAD S . 5 for $1
2 N2015 2079 . ... ...... . • • . . . $2 @ . 3/$5
.001 to .006 Miea ll 200 WV / 2 .5 Kv • . 8/ SI PNP 30 Watt / 3A. 2 N 115. 156. 235. 242 Rh eostat & Knob 100 oh m/50 watt 10 / $5
Band P ass F ilters 60. 90. 150 e)"S. . 3/$3 254. 255. 256. 251. 30 1 40C @ .. .. 3 f or $ 1 Insta nt Ma gnetl c Ci rc uit Br e.aker. On e
Be ndb A ut o Syn l " A Y" Ser ies 2 /$ 1 PNP 2N6 70/ 300M W 35c@ •..... 5 to r $1 Amp Xtra P .L. Contacts Pr otect Rig
2. SMH Pi wou nd 500 MA Ch oke 3/$ 1 PNP 2 N61 1/1 W att 50c (@ ..... .4 for $1 $2 @ 4 /$5
MlnlFan 6 or 12 VA C $1. 50 each . .4 /$5 PNP 25 W/ T O 2 N538. 539. 540 .. 2 for $1 Oi l Cndsr 12MFO /2000 W VDe $5@ .3 /$ 10
2 N I038 6/ $1 . 2 N I039 4 for $t Oi l Cndsr Strobe. Ph otofla lh 25 M FD
Beam Indicator SelIYnl 24 VAe .. ' .2 /$5 PNP /T0 5 S l, nal 350MW 25c (@ , 5 for $ 1 2000V G.E. /Pyranol. $1@ 2/$10
Tel etype TLl 47 F eeler Rel ay Ga,• . . 2/ $1 NPN /T05 S ign al I F . R F . OSC 5 for $ 1 Micr o Switch Allort ment 8/ $ 1
F Ule 250 MA /3 A G 50/$ 1. 300 /$2 Fin n ed Heat Si nk 180 SQ". $ I @ . 3/ $2 US N Sou nd Pwr. H&adset &:. M ik e. 2/ $ 12
F i nned S i nk EIIU lw. 500 SQ· . S31ii'1 . 2 /$5 Bar Knobe 12/$1 ; R D Kn obs V,· .. 15/ $1
DON'T C- Writr & S",d Ordrr ! S I L ICO N PNP /T0 5 & TO l8 PCKG
2 N327 A. 332 to 8. 474 t o 9.54 1 to 3.
Neonl 'I. Wa tt . • . . . ....... .....•.. 5/ $ 1
Neon NE5 1 Type ... . . . . . . . . ..• . . IO/ SI
T HE R M IST O R- YA R IST O R _ W.E. 9!5 t o 7 & 1276 t o 9. 35c@ 4/$ 1 VAR IAC /GR 150 watt /l1 5V @400 cYI
us eabl e up to 300 watt / 60 cn or lowu
40A a nd / or 4 1A . . . .. . • . . . . . . . 10 fOl" $1 T 0 3/ 60 to 90 Wart 3 to 6A. UII VAC . . .• . ..•...•....• .•. .•.. $S@. 2/ $5
017 1631 Var istor ....•.•..... . . 10 for $1 to 80 Y. up t , I OOhf e. 2 N2138. .0025 MICA / CM 30 / 500WV .•... . . . 25 / $ 1
0 97966 Varistor ..•........• ... 2 f.,. $1 39. 40 & 2 N1 529 . 30. 31. 2 N25 26. DlVen H /P a d 600 .' 600 ohm : 950 .. 10/55
0 170396 HF P wr Meu . . • . . . . . . 2 for $1 9Oc1Ll •••••••••••• .••••• •••• 8 for 55 Ceram :eon 30 MM F / N080 ....... . • . 25 /$ 1
IC Bu l b Ti me Del. . • . •... •.. . .... 4 /$1 Mica .033/600 W Y/ I KV T est . .... . 6 / $ 1
Mica .0035/ 5 KV / 2.5KV wkl • . . .•. 4/ $ 1
38 /C /2 0259 DB /MTR Bridge $2 ea., 3/$ 5 If'r BM,. S t U & T rad r AI W r// ! Mica .0 1/500 V P osta,,, St am p •. 25 / $ 1

"TAB"
Octa l Sochts Cera m le & Mol ded .. 25/$ 1 Mlea .0 1/ 5 K V wk. I3 A / I MC 5 /55
Scop e Socket s, A u orted . . . • . . . . . . . 5/ $1 TERM S: MonO)' Back Aln ieo Ma, net 1500 Gauu /2 5 l b 21 $2
304T L or 829 J oh nson Socket 2/$1 G uau Oil Cndsr IMFD / 6 KV 3 / $ 10
Yeu . ntte
$5 l Min.
Our Ord24ter-
h
Ch oke ISOMA/I OHy 2/ $ 1
WE BUY l SWAP & S EL L F .O .B. N. Y. C. Add Oil Cndlr 2 x . 12 M K D/600V AC . . 10 / $ 1
S hipll in , Char ges. Rel ay 11 5VAC RB M 3 A/ N D ...... 2 / $2
TRANSISTORS, DIODES, ZENERS I II OX LI B E RT Y ST.. N.Y .C. 10006 N.Y. I nterlock SD 12 YO C / 1.24A &:. 11 5VA C $ 1
Galwonomtr 250· 0 ·250 micro / A $2

I Send 25c f or New Catal og

PHON E 732·6245
Send 2:5( For Catalog
Fa it Chllr 100A / 6 &:. 12V Reetlfler . .•. $9
Batty Ch gr 6 & 12 Y UP to 6 Amp . ... $1

MAY 19b5 III

 From the birthplace of the greatest inventor of all ages, Leonardo Da Vinci, comes
this made-in-Italy-world's most practical for the price,

PRESTEL FIELD STRENGTH METER (M.del 6T4GI

Calib rated from 40 to 860 Megah ertz, fr om 10 to
50,000 Mic rovolts. Noth ing ma ke s it ea sier t o
properly e nd speed ily fi nd the correct place to
o
install TV, FM a nd Co mmunicati on Antennas . You
can measure a nd hear the signals with this 4112
volt ba ttery econom ically powered unit. There is
nothi ng else like it!

Only $120.00
.-----------------------.
I We contin ue to purch ase FOR PROMPT CASH I
I sm a ll and la rg e inventories of electronic eq uip me nt, I
I tubes, se micondu ctors, etc. I
, I
I Wire. write , phone collect' I
1 We pay f r eight on all purchases! I
-----------------------,

Liberty Electronics, Inc.

548 Broadway. New York, New York 10012. Phone 212·925·6000

TELEVISION TELEMETER INDEX TO ADVERTISERS

TELEMETER PAY TV ~_ _
PROGRAM SELECTOR Ai ATV a eseer en. 48
Aerot ron , 64
M&.M , 107
Main Elect ronics, 97
Choice of 3 programs tha t are Alt o, 11 0 Mn hna , 90
tone operated In the VH F b and, Al it ron ics· How ard , 107 Mid way, 110
with provisions fo r d~pos Hln g tile Ant en na Mart , 103 ~ rs sten. 22
a mount or mcner requtred for Aq uadyne , 97 Mosley, 75
each nrostam as Ind ica ted on the Arctur us, 107 Newtrontes. 39
coin register , and that als o shows B C zt ertrenres. 106
a credit balance when an over- Bige low, 109 Omella , 75
payment Is made. A ore-recorded tape will gf re pr ogram In - Bob's Amateur Electron ics, lOB
formation when desi red . W i t h Tub es: 1/ 12BUi, 1/6B Ell, Pa lomar, 48
1/6B A8. 2j6U!!; 4· speake r , coin rnecha-
nlsm, tape magazine, etc. Size: 15 x i x r:
9
5
s14· Ca mp Albert But ler, 46
Charter E lect ronics, 105
Parks. 109
P olygon, 37
'Vt. : 25 Ibs, #" 1001/5 ., . , ,.,.,., Colum b ia , 97 Po ly Pa ks, 8 1
Crab tr l e, 23 Queme nt, 9, 2 1
TRANSCEIVER cebex, 57
cue nerart. 96 R&.R, 105
AF / I:TA - 68 TR A:-<SCEIV E R A ~l
-115 to 152 :UC on any one of D PZ Cor p., 69 Ra d io Call1N"oo k, 45, 68, 90, 96
len preset frequencies, crvstat con- u evtees, 75 Rohn. 5
trolled, P ower output ap prox. 5 Drak e, COVer I V Saleh, 79
watts. W it h T ubes: Tr a ns.: 6AG5 , Dura Tower, 57 Scott, 45
2/6C4 , 3/5763 ; xroc.: 6AtJ"G, C XER Ma gazi ne, 80 Se ntry, 17
2/6 C4, 6 ARG: u cc.: 3/6B U6, Dymond, 27 Skylane, 77
3/6B J6, 6AllG , roA GS, & 12 A1'7.
I Xo err state supplied) 26 Yolt DC D vna mntcr , out put 26,'i E dw~.rd s, 29
sree. 110
Eps ilon, 73 Sound History , 78
YDC and-50 YDC. Size : 9 x g x 16~; w t. : 25 Ills. Spaea ( Mil it ary) , 108
Prfce-e-Used ., . . " , .. , ., ., .". , .... ,.,.,.,., .. , .. . , .$24.95 Ertes , 33 Stellar, 71
Scht'lllatlc: $1,00 I'tuzs : $ 1,50 ea. A nt. Pl ug: 50C Evans, 38 Swan, 12, 13
Fair, 112
LM FREQUENCY METER F r eck , 108 T A B, I II
Tekrad, I I
L.\I 1\" A YY Ty pg FREQ UES CY :\U;TJm : Gateway Tower, 80 'r errex, 3 1. 78
125-20,000 K C crystal calib rated Indl- Globa l Impo rt , 95 Tower, 103
eallng equi pment , het erodrno type ; ac- G:odheart, 108
curacy .0 1 to .02 depending (In tree. W i t h Gordon, 98 United Ra d io, 105
modulation ,'iOO cycle . Yoltage required Un ity, 11 0
12/24 for F i t and 180 @ 5 :\1A / 475 Hafst rom (B Tl ), 46 U.S. Crystals , 110
YDC @ 20 :\fA. W It h 1000 K C cr}"sta l Ha rr is, 109
& t ub es , Also calibration book . Uni ts have been u sed an d Ha yde n, 106 Vanguar d, 38, 44, 67, 79, 901
rna}' ne ed r epteeemont of some switches or minor par ts. Henry, 3 Vlbrop lex, 96
Ot herwise guaranteed ser\·lceable" Si ze : 7¥.l x i¥.l x 8"": H IP ar , 103 Virden, 80
,," t,: 15 Ills. Pr lee (as described aho"e) . " . " . " .. ,. , $24. 95 Wal key, 97
Or W it h All l'a r t ~ , , ",.,., , " $29.50 Inter nat iona l Crystal , COVe1" II
World Ra di o La bs, Cover III
P r ices l" ,O.B" Lima, 0. - 25% D eposj t on C. O.D.'s J AN Crystals , t09
BI G FREE CATA LOG->lend for your eopy today, He]lt, ,3 j a mes Resea rch, 73 73 At la s, 56
Jcnt rcntes, 109 73 Data Hndbk, 105
FAIR RAD IO SALES Leger La bs, 9 1
73
73
Diode Hn dbk , 105
OX Hand book, 26
DEPT, 73 - P, O. Box H05 _ LIMA, OHiO 45802 Lewispa ul, 109 73 Ha mfest. 49
L.l berty, 11 2 73 Su bscr iptio ns, 47

/ /2 73 MAGAZINE
 HERE'S NEW M081LE POWERl

A Complete 80-40 Meter

MOBILE PACKAGE!

I nclud es: 1 ea.: D uo-B ande r 8 4,

D C384 Power Supp ly, one Ban d-
s pan n e r A ute nn a , BDYF Mo unt.
350C m ic, Mic Plug, PL 259 Plug,
A Rea' POWERHOUSE
UG 176/U Reduce r a nd 25' Re S8/u
coax Cab le. {\Il supply cable s arc at a Rea' WRL Bargain Pricef
included.
A GREAT IUC ... Now even Better than Before!
ORDER: ZZMA103 package. $279.95 D e si gned for the Amateur whose intere st is 80 and 40
($14 monthly) mete r SS B. H ere's Powe r (n ow 400 w attsl ) to m ake
good con tacts . . . a Sel e ctive Rece iver ... Sta b ili ty . ••
OR••• C ompactne s s (on ly 5x U Ytl. x10 " ). It was a great value
at the o ld price . Now you get 100 wa tts m ore power
A Complete 80-40 Meter and ca n buy eithe r of these two great packages at
FIXED STATION PACKAGE! $20.00 less! Buy now on our easy m onthl y term s!
Include s 1 ea.: D uo-Bander 8 4. AC48 250 ·400 watts PEP-SS B • Rugg e d -
Re liable Printe d Circ uitry · 2 k·Hx No Other Rig
watt supp ly, 80/40 Duo-Doublet Antenna
kit, 350 mic.• Mic. Plug, PL259 Plug, DC· Dia l Calibration • Dual -Speed offer. ALL
176/U Reducer a nd 100 ft. RC 58/ U coax Ve rnier VFO tuni ng • E· Z One-
cable. Kno b Tun e . Up - "Just Pe ak Out· these Great
put" • Built-in Speaker • Mobile
ORDEH: ZZMAI04 Package. $205.00 Bra cke t supplied • Com bination "'84'"
($10 monthly) " 5" and Ou tput meter • Crystol Feoture.!

r- _•••__•••_ l a ttice Filter.

OHDER: ZZMAI05 Package. $235.00
(Sam e as above with 400 watt AC
sup ply) ($12 monthly), 73-g29
WORLD RADIO LABORATORIES, Inc•
• 34 15 We st Broa d wa y Coun cil Bl uffs, Iowa 5 1501
• Please sh'ip me the fo llowing:
-. 0 Duo-Bander 84 66~IA059 $159.95
o Duo-Bander MOBILE Package ZZMAI03 @ $279.95«
o Duo-Bander Fixed Package ZZMA104 @ $205.00*
o Duo-Bander Fixed Package Z Z ~ I A I 05 @ $235.00*
o Your FREE 1968 HA~ [ Catalog
o M y Check or Money Ord er for $ is attached .
o Charge it to my 'VRL charge acct. # .
*So rry - these reduced prices are without trade. \Vrite us for trade-p rices

Name _
Address _
City Sta te Zip _
" The TR·4 Is the best rig I have ever " Running it with a Mosley " Clas sic" " I'm sure this, like Ihe other Dra ke
known to be made. Glad to own one." beam and proves a most fi ne and nice equip me nt I have, is the lines t money
Dan ranecn a. WA7 fW H transc eiver. Really proud of it." ca n buy. YO U MAY QU OTE ME ON
Tacoma, Wash. Orlando Escudero 0., CE·J-O E TH AT."
Sa ntiago, Chile C. E. (Ed) Duncan, WA48RU
" Finally got what 1 wanted!" Greenville, S. C.
" l ooks good -sounds gOOd -very well •
Rona ld E. l yons, WB2BQX " I'm a rut happy man with it. Does a
Oakh urst, N. J. pl eased with performance."
real good job of getti ng thru."
Wayne M. So renson, WA"ETl
" A superb piece of equipment, no St. Paul, Minn. Jerome D. Lashe r, W2RH l
tomments necessary. Hamb urg, N. V.
C. G. Noakes, GJ UHR/ V02 " Have had Drake 2-B for three years.
Knew that TR-4 was same Good Stuff." " Re places my TR·J."
labrador City, Newfoundla nd D. G. Reekte. VE 6 AFS
Cha rles E. Bishop, WA8FTT Ca lgary Alb erta Canada
" Great rig-First contact was an ONS Columbus, Ohio
in Belgium." " Finest performing gear I hav e ever
Bill Busse, WA9T UM " Just what I always wanted." had the pleasure of operating."
Mt. Prospect, III . Oaniel N. Hami lton, WA4WXQ Milton C. Ca rte r, W2TRF
Ashland, Va. tak ewoco. N. J.
"Best gear 1 have had the pleasure of
work ing with . Receiver is exception. " Why not build a good 6 Meter SSB L " PS Several months have passe d . • •
ally sharp and stabl e." AM Transce iver •• " hurry up, I'm I now employ TR-4 as mobile unit and
Albert V. Mitchell , WA9BUP waiting.'" base station. t have logged more than
Jeffersonville, Ind. Harold A. l ick, WA91Pl 1000 con tacts , many being rare DX. I
Creve Coeur, 111. am looking forward to own ing a se co nd
" Nothing 10 comment, exc ept that my unit to be used stri ctly for mobile .
TR-4 is a real jewel, and 1 am very " Excellent equipment." To date TR -4 has been trouble-free ."
satisfied with it. I would like 10 reo
eetve the catalogue of your products." w. T. Newell, WB6UlU Milton C. Carter, W2TR F
Palm Springs, Calif. l akewood, N. J.
Joe Bra z Ribeiro, PV4UK
Monte Carme la (MG) Brazil "O .K. too J 100. RV·4: 0.K./W·4 : O.K ./ "Well pleased."
l ·4: O.K. Very Goo d!" Rev, Ja mes Mohn , W3CKD
" A very F.B. piece of equipment. Audio lititz, Pol .
very nice, especially on SS B, which is Franscisco Fau Cam pmany, TI -2·FAU
rare ." San Jose de Costa Rica
" I am delighted with Drake gear. This
Thomas F. r otten. Jr. WB 2GZR is the second of yo ur transceivers for
" A beaut iful piece of equipment. My me. I have used a TR·J in my car for
Saratoga Springs, N. Y. second piece of Drake. The lint was about 2'h years - onty trouble : replac-
a 2-B and this sold one friend an R·4 ing a fus e!"
receiver and another a TR-4. We are Guy N. Woods, WA4KCN
Orake·mind ed here in lawn . Many Memphis, Tenn.
thanks."
Charles E. Boschen Jr., WA4WXR
Ashland , Va .

"Asl{ the ham who owns a Dral{e 'TR-4"

... or write fo r details ...

Dept. 358 R. L. DRAKE COMPANY 540 Rich ard St., Miamisburg , Ohio 4534 2