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    Optics Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Atul Rai
    This document provides formulas and concepts related to optics: 1) Lens maker's formula and lens formula relate the focal length and refractive indices of lenses. The power of a lens is defined as the inverse of its focal length. 2) Formulas for spherical mirrors relate focal length to radius of curvature. Mirror equation and magnification formula describe image formation. 3) Simple and compound microscopes are described using magnification formulas involving objective and eyepiece focal lengths and distances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Optics Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Atul Rai
    5K views1 page
    This document provides formulas and concepts related to optics: 1) Lens maker's formula and lens formula relate the focal length and refractive indices of lenses. The power of a lens is defined as the inverse of its focal length. 2) Formulas for spherical mirrors relate focal length to radius of curvature. Mirror equation and magnification formula describe image formation. 3) Simple and compound microscopes are described using magnification formulas involving objective and eyepiece focal lengths and distances.

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    This document provides formulas and concepts related to optics: 1) Lens maker's formula and lens formula relate the focal length and refractive indices of lenses. The power of a lens is defined as the inverse of its focal length. 2) Formulas for spherical mirrors relate focal length to radius of curvature. Mirror equation and magnification formula describe image formation. 3) Simple and compound microscopes are described using magnification formulas involving objective and eyepiece focal lengths and distances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5K views1 page

    Optics Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Atul Rai
    This document provides formulas and concepts related to optics: 1) Lens maker's formula and lens formula relate the focal length and refractive indices of lenses. The power of a lens is defined as the inverse of its focal length. 2) Formulas for spherical mirrors relate focal length to radius of curvature. Mirror equation and magnification formula describe image formation. 3) Simple and compound microscopes are described using magnification formulas involving objective and eyepiece focal lengths and distances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Fo rm u l ae S h e et fo r O p ti c s w w w .c o n c e p t s - o f -p h y s i c s . c om | pg.

    1
    h i
    1 1 1
    1 Reflection of Light Lens maker’s formula: f = (µ − 1) R1 − R2

    normal f
    Laws of reflection: (i)
    incident i r reflected 1 1
    Lens formula: v − u = f1 , m= v
    u
    Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same
    plane (ii) ∠i = ∠r u v

    Power of the lens: P = f1 , P in diopter if f in metre.


    Plane mirror:
    d d Two thin lenses separated by distance d:
    (i) the image and the object are equidistant from mir-
    ror (ii) virtual image of real object
    1 1 1 d
    = + − d
    F f1 f2 f1 f2
    I
    f1 f2
    Spherical Mirror: O
    f
    v
    u
    3 Optical Instruments
    1. Focal length f = R/2
    Simple microscope: m = D/f in normal adjustment.
    1 1 1
    2. Mirror equation: v + u = f
    Objective Eyepiece
    3. Magnification: m = − uv
    O ∞
    Compound microscope:
    2 Refraction of Light
    u v fe
    speed of light in vacuum c
    Refractive index: µ = speed of light in medium = v
    D

    v D
    incident reflected
    1. Magnification in normal adjustment: m = u fe
    sin i µ2 µ1 i
    Snell’s Law: sin r = µ1 2. Resolving power: R = 1
    = 2µ sin θ
    µ2 ∆d λ
    r refracted
    fo fe
    real depth d d0
    Apparent depth: µ = apparent depth = d0 d I
    O Astronomical telescope:

    Critical angle: θc = sin−1 1


    µ
    µ
    θc

    1. In normal adjustment: m = − ffoe , L = fo + fe


    1 1
    2. Resolving power: R = ∆θ = 1.22λ
    A
    δ
    Deviation by a prism: i i0 4 Dispersion
    r r0
    A
    µ Cauchy’s equation: µ = µ0 + λ2 , A>0

    δ = i + i0 − A, general result Dispersion by prism with small A and i:


    sin A+δ m
    1. Mean deviation: δy = (µy − 1)A
    µ= 2
    A
    , i = i0 for minimum deviation
    sin 2 2. Angular dispersion: θ = (µv − µr )A
    δ µv −µr θ
    δm = (µ − 1)A, for small A Dispersive power: ω = µy −1 ≈ δy (if A and i small)
    δm

    i0 i
    A µ0
    Dispersion without deviation:
    µ1 µ2 µ A0

    Refraction at spherical surface: (µy − 1)A + (µ0y − 1)A0 = 0


    P O Q
    u v Deviation without dispersion:
    (µv − µr )A = (µ0v − µ0r )A0
    µ2 µ1 µ2 − µ1 µ1 v
    − = , m=
    v u R µ2 u

    Get Formulas www.concepts-of-physics.com Get Our Book



    c 2019 by Jitender Singh Ver. 2019 1

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