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HCI - Chapter 3 - Computer in HCI

This document discusses various components of computers that are important for human-computer interaction. It describes different types of input devices like keyboards, mice, touchscreens; output display devices like CRT, LCD, and digital paper; virtual reality technologies; sound output; and environmental sensors. It also discusses computer memory including RAM, ROM, hard disks, and solid state drives. Finally, it briefly mentions the effects of processor speed and computer networks.

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233 views

HCI - Chapter 3 - Computer in HCI

This document discusses various components of computers that are important for human-computer interaction. It describes different types of input devices like keyboards, mice, touchscreens; output display devices like CRT, LCD, and digital paper; virtual reality technologies; sound output; and environmental sensors. It also discusses computer memory including RAM, ROM, hard disks, and solid state drives. Finally, it briefly mentions the effects of processor speed and computer networks.

Uploaded by

Pro Nebyu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3- Computer In HCI

 Introduction
 Computer I/O Devices

 Text entry devices


 Positioning, pointing and drawing
 Display Devices
 Virtual reality and 3D interaction
 Paper: printing and scanning
 Memory
 Processing and Networks
Introduction
 To understand human–computer interaction we need to
understand computers!
 The user interface:-refers to the part of a computer and
its software that people can see, hear, touch, talk to
 The user interface has essentially two components: input
and output
A computer system comprises various elements, each of
which affects the user of the system.
input devices, output devices , memory, Processing devices, …
Introduction…
 How many computers in your house?
PC, Mobiles, cable/satellite TV, DVD Player,
Video Camera, Fridge, HiFi/amplifiers,
microwave, cooker, washing machine, central
heating, security system
 How many computers in your pockets?

PDA, phone, camera, smart card, card with


magnetic strip, electronic car key, USB
memory, …
Input Devices
 Are parts of computer that allows user to feed
inputs to computer
 Several input devices are there:
 The alphanumeric keyboard
 Handwriting recognition
 Speech recognition
 The mouse
 Touchpad
 Digitizing tablet
Input devices

 1. Keyboards
 Most common text input device
 Usually connected by cable, but can be wireless
 Layouts of keyboards
QWERTY,
Alphabetic,
Dvorak
chord keyboards,
phone pads,
Text entry devices: Keyboards…
 QWERTY
 Standardised layout
Text entry devices: Keyboards…
 Alphabetic
 keys arranged in alphabetic order
 not faster for trained typists
 not faster for beginners either!
Text entry devices: Keyboards…
 Dvorak
 common letters under dominant fingers, home row uses all five
vowels and the five most common consonants:
 10-15% improvement in speed and reduction in fatigue
 a typist can type about 400 of the English most common words
without ever leaving the home row. (100 with QWERTY)
Text entry devices: Keyboards…

 Chord keyboards
 only a few keys, letters typed as combination of key presses
 Compact size – ideal for portable applications
 Fast - once you have trained
Text entry devices: Keyboards…
 Phone pad
 use numeric keys with multiple presses
2–abc 6-mno
3-def 7-pqrs
4-ghi 8-tuv
5-jkl 9-wxyz

hello = 4433555[pause]555666
Text entry devices: Keyboards…
 Numeric keypads
 for entering numbers quickly:
 calculator,
 telephones
 ATM Machine

7 8 9 1 2 3

4 5 6 4 5 6

1 2 3 7 8 9

0 . = 0 #
*
calculator ATM
telephone
Text entry devices:
 2. Handwriting Recognition
 Text can be input into the computer, using a pen and a
digesting tablet and the computer taking this form of
input and converting it to text
 natural interaction by human hand
 Usually, used in
 PDAs, and
 tablet computers

 3. Speech recognition
 One talk to computer, the speech recognition system convert
the sound into text
 speech-based system, phonetic typewriter.
Input devices: Positioning, pointing and
drawing
 4. The Mouse
 Handheldpointing device
 Very common & easy to use
 5. Touchpad
 small touch sensitive tablets
 ‘stroke’ to move mouse pointer
 used mainly in laptop computers

 6. Touch-sensitive screen
 Detect the presence of finger or stylus on the screen.
 works by interrupting matrix of light beams, capacitance changes
or ultrasonic reflections
 direct pointing device
Output Devices

 Are parts of computer that conveys


the results of its computations and
requirements to the user.
 Bitmap displays – resolution and color
 Cathode ray tube
 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
 Digital paper
Output Display Devices

 1. Bitmap displays
 Screen display is made of vast numbers of colored
dots or pixels in a rectangular grid.
 Resolution
number of pixels on screen (width x height)
e.g. HDTV 1024 x 768, PDA 240x400
density of pixels (in pixels or dots per inch - dpi)
 Aspect ratio
ratio between width and height
 4:3 for most screens, 16:9 for wide-screen TV
Display Devices: Technologies

 2. Cathode ray tube


 The cathode ray tube is the television-like computer screen
 Stream of electrons emitted from electron gun, focused
and directed by magnetic fields,
 used in TVs and computer monitors
electron beam

electron gun

focussing and
deflection

phosphor-
coated screen
Display Devices: Technologies…
 3. Liquid crystal displays (LCD)
 Smaller, lighter, and flat plastic screens.
 Utilize liquid crystal technology and consume far less
power than traditional CRTs.
 Thin layer of liquid crystal is sandwiched between two
glass plates
 Top plate transparent and polarised, bottom plate
reflecting
 Light passes through top plate and crystal, and reflects
back to eye.
 Found on PDAs, portables and notebooks, digital watches,
mobile phones, HiFi controls
Display Devices
 4.Digital paper
 These are thin flexible materials that can be written to
electronically
 Keep their contents even when removed from any
electrical supply.
for large banners that can be reprogrammed or
slowly animated
As the technology matures, the aim is to have
programmable sheets of paper that you attach to
your computer to get a ‘soft’ printout that can later
be changed
Display Devices

 Large displays
usedfor meetings, lectures, etc.
Technology:

Plasma – usually wide screen

Video walls – lots of small screens together


Projected – RGB lights or LCD projector
Virtual reality and 3D interaction
 Virtual Reality (VR):- is the use of computer technologies to create
simulated environment.
 Virtual reality systems present a 3D virtual world
 Many PC games are themselves virtual.
 The 3D mouse: has 6 degrees of freedom/movement:
 x, y, z
 up/down angle (pitch),
 its left/right orientation (yaw) and
 the amount twists about its own axis (roll)
Virtual reality and 3D interaction
 Data glove
 fibre optics used to detect finger position and bending
 VR helmets
 detect head motion and possibly eye gaze (controlled looking)
 (i)they display the 3D world to each eye and
 (ii) they allow the user’s head position to be tracked.
Virtual reality and 3D interaction
 Whole body tracking
 accelerometers strapped (attached) to limbs
 Track different kinds of whole body movement
 white spots (colored mark) are stuck at various
points of the user’s body and the position of these
tracked using two or more cameras
 3D displays:- 3D impression is produced by using
effects such as shadows, occlusion
Sound output

 sounds offer an important level of feedback in


interactive systems
 Telephone keypads often sound different tones when
the keys are pressed successfully
 Alarms, warning sounds, etc

 Avast antivirus talks that threats have detected

 Auditory signals such as beeps, bongs, clanks,


whistles and whirrs are all used to varying effect
Environment and bio-sensing

 Sensors in our environment:


 controlling automatic doors, energy saving lights,
Measuring temperature, movement, location
(GPS, global positioning, in mobile devices),
pressure sensors
 Sensors used to capture physiological signs
such as body temperature, blink rate,
typing rate
Paper: printing and scanning
 Printing
 computer systems have made it easier to produce paper
documents
 Printers take electronic documents and put them on paper
 It is so easy to run off many copies of a letter (or book),
 All printing technologies build the image on the paper as
a series of dots
 dot-matrix printers, ink-jet and bubble-jet printers, laser
printer
 Scanning
 scanners reverse printing process by converting paper
printed doc to the bitmap image
 Optical character recognition can convert the page right
back into text
Computer Memory
 As human memory, computers have different memory
 By analogy with the human memory, computer memory are
grouped into short-term and long-term memories (STM and LTM)
 Short-term Memory – RAM=primary Memory
 Random access memory (RAM)- volatile
 Read Only Memory (ROM)- non-volatile

 registers
-store intermediate result of CPU
 Long-term Memory – Secondary Memory
 Magnetic disks: magnetic media E.g. floppy disks, hard disks
 Optical disks - use lasers to read and sometimes write E.g. CD, DVD
 Solid State Memory - uses integrated circuit assemblies. E.g. A USB flash

 Speed and capacity of memory largely differs


Processing and Networks
 Designers tend to assume fast processors, and make
interfaces more and more complicated
 The size of processor and memory affects the processing
speed of computer
 Effects of finite processor speed

 speed of processing can seriously affect the user


interface
 two sorts of faults due to processing speed: those
when it is too slow, and those when it is too fast!
Thank You!

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