Ecology

1. Organisms of the same species living in the same environment together

a. Population
b. Community
c. Ecosystem
d. Environment

2. Populations of organisms living in the same environment at the same time

a. Population
b. Community
c. Biotic Factors
d. Habitat

3. What are 3 basic needs for a living thing?

a. Hair brush, ecosystem, and donuts

b. Food, Water, and Clothes
c. Food, Oxygen, and electronics
d. Food, Water, and Oxygen

4. All living and nonliving parts of an environment found in a specific location.

a. Habitat
b. Ecosystem
c. Population
d. Community

5. An individual belonging to a specific species

a. Biotic
b. Community
c. Organism
d. Reptile

6. All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an
______.

a. community
b. habitat
c. population
d. ecosystem

7. An area where an organism finds food, shelter and water in a specific arrangement
 a. niche
b. biosphere
c. biome
d. habitat

8. The study of how living things interact with one another and with their environment.

a. Biology
b. Lithology
c. Ecology
d. Farmacology

9. Occasional disturbances from natural forces such as fire are good for many ecosystems.

a. True
b. False

10. Which of the following represents a typical example of ecological succession in a temperate
deciduous forest?

a. Bare soil, weeds, grasses, shrubs, conifers, deciduous trees

b. Shrubs, grasses, deciduous trees
c. Shrubs, grasses, conifers, deciduous trees
d. Grasses, conifers, shrubs, deciduous
e. Bare soil, weeds, conifers, shrubs, deciduous trees

11. Approximately what percentage of energy will be passed on to the next trophic level in a
typical food chain?

a. 10%
b. 100%
c. 1%
d. 50%
e. 90%

12. Consumers are always heterotrophic.

a. True
b. False

13. Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they

a. reproduce at different times

b. eat less
c. have mutualistic relationships
 d. occupy different niches

14. Competition

a. + -
b. + o
c. + +
d. - -

15. Primary consumers are called herbivores.

a. True
b. False

16. The relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of

a. Mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect
pollinates the flower.
b. Parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower
c. Commensalism because the insect doesn't harm the flower and the flower doesn't
benefit from the relationship
d. Predation because the insect feeds on the flower

17. Where might an ecologist be able to study primary succession?

a. A new island formed by a volcanic eruption

b. A gravel-filled valley that had been covered by a glacier until recently
c. A huge boulder or rock layer on top of a mountain
d. All of the above

18. Exposed rock > lichens and mosses > small herbs and shrubs > black spruce > white spruce
Which is the pioneer? Climax community?

a. Small herbs; black spruce

b. White spruce; exposed rock
c. Exposed rock; white spruce

19. Large organisms like eagles, lions, or salmon are primary consumers of energy while small
organisms like mice, rabbits, and sparrows are secondary consumers.

a. True
b. False

20. Mutaulism

a. + -
 b. + +
c. + o
d. - -
e. + -

21. Succession is made possible because

a. Of changes in the genetic material of species within a community

b. It is a rapid and chaotic process that is very different to control
c. Of evolutionary pressures that select certain species extinction
d. Immigrating species make the environment less suitable for species already there.

22. Producers are always autotrophic.

a. True
b. False

23. All ecosystems use sunlight as their primary source of energy.

a. True
b. False

24. Omnivores consume producers and consumers.

a. True
b. False

25. Comensalism

a. + +
b. - -
c. + o
d. + -

26. Despite the diversity of ecosystems in the world, all have similar trophic levels.

a. True
b. False

27. A species that has an essential role in maintaining an ecosystem structure is called a :

a. Predator
b. Threatened species
c. Keystone species
d. Endangered species
e. Critical species
28. Abandoned farmland usually reverts back to the forest. This process of forest regeneration is
called:

a. Primary succession
b. Secondary succession
c. Climax community
d. Biorestoration
e. Bioeremediation

29. A species may become invasive if___________are absent from the environment.

a. Keystone species
b. Pioneers
c. Introduced Species
d. Limiting factors
e. Zebra mussels

30. Which of the following statements describes the movement of energy in food chains?

a. Energy is the same at each trophic level

b. Energy is recycled at each trophic level
c. Energy increases at higher trophic levels
d. Energy decreases at higher trophic levels
e. Energy is not transferred from one trophic level to another

31. In a food chain, the trophic level that has the greatest biomass is the:

a. Secondary consumer
b. Third order consumer
c. Primary consumer
d. Producer

32. Health and disease can determine a population's

a. life or death
b. hopes and dreams
c. happiness or discontent
d. religious beliefs or politics

33. Today the human population of Earth is

a. more than 10 billion

b. more than 6.7 billion
 c. less than 7 million
d. less than 9.9 million

34. Experts strongly disagree over

a. how to define exponential growth

b. the predicted world population for the year 2050
c. whether the human population will stop growing
d. how much the human population has grown in the last 500 years

35. In most areas of the world today

a. people are richer than ever in human history

b. people are smarter than ever in human history
c. people weigh more than ever in human history
d. people live longer than ever in human history

36. Dramatic growth occurs when a population grows at an ever-increasing rate.

a. true
b. false

37. Today the growth rate of the human population is decreasing.

a. true
b. false

38. Advances in arts and sciences have improved human health and allowed for tremendous
population growth.

a. true
b. false

39. As the human population grows, the demand for natural resources stays the same.

a. true
b. false

40. If population and the demand for natural resources continue to grow at the present rate, the
human population will be too large for Earth to support.

a. true
b. false

41. What is overpopulation?

 a. Area becomes too densely populated
b. Unsustainable land and resource use
c. Growth exceeds space available

42. Which of the following are not characterized by environmental limits of population growth?

a. Food and water

b. Shelter
c. Predation
d. Space
e. Carrying Capacity
f. Logistic Growth Curve

43. Replacement fertility rate is

a. # of children a couple want to have in their lifetimes

b. # of children a couple needs to have enough labor and social security
c. # of children a couple must have to replace themselves

44. How will the declining global fertility help the health of the mother and baby?

a. Age of mother
b. Interval between births
c. # of births

45. What were some of the ramifications and effects of the ONe Child Policy in China? Check
all that apply.

a. Fertility dropped from about 6 to 1.5

b. Uneven sex ratio in the population
c. Family's shift in focus on the community to the individual
d. More girls being born than boys
e. Increase in women's social stature as they gave birth to only one child
f. Increased proportion of the elderly and increased ratio of old-age dependency
g. Increased rate of abortions and infant mortality

46. What is Population Growth Momentum?

a. Population will grow at an increasing rate because of the high concentration of youth.
b. The population will grow even if fertility is at the replacement level because of the
high concentration of youth.
c. Population Growth will stay the same

47. Which of the following is not one of the major ways we see human impacts on the
environment?
 a. Consuming resources
b. Creating waste
c. Taking up space
d. All of the answers reflect the major ways we measure human impacts on the
environment.

48. What is deforestation?

a. Creating new forests

b. Destroying forests
c. Managing forests to preserve their health
d. Reducing the amount of forest being destroyed

49. What is one of the main concerns coming from the impacts of waste humans put back into
the environment?

a. Creating too much pollution, which leads to climate change

b. Deforestation
c. Overfishing
d. Overusing natural resources

50. A discarded material is a waste. Which of the following is not discarding?

a. Inherently waste-like
b. Abandoned
c. Recycled and applied to the land
d. Excluded

51. Hazardous wastes by definition may be all but which one?

a. Listed
b. Toxic
c. Reactive
d. Corrosive
e. Radioactive

52. Medical Waste is a subset of what type of waste?

a. Residual
b. Municipal
c. Hazardous

53. Wastes derived from listed waste are listed unless exempted or delisted.

a. True
b. False
54. Waste minimization includes all but what?

a. Toxicity reduction
b. Reduction in waste generated
c. Reduction in costs
d. Beneficial use of waste

55. Pollution and environmental risks are not explicitly identified in Lean Manufacturing.

a. True
b. False

56. Solid waste can be in which of the following forms?

a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Containerized gas
d. All of the above

57. What happens to plastic waste?

a. It is a biodegradable material so it eventually disintegrates

b. It never fully goes away, it just breaks into little pieces
c. There is no such thing as plastic waste, all plastic is recycled
d. It is dumped in the ocean for fish to eat

58. Why is plastic dangerous for marine life?

a. They mistake it for food and cannot digest it

b. They can get tangled in it which hinders their ability to swim
c. Both a and b
d. It's not dangerous because they use plastic waste for habitats

59. Where does the majority of plastic waste end up?

a. Oceans
b. Burned for energy
c. Landfills
d. Recycled

60. There are many alternatives to single use plastic products.

a. True
b. False
61. What are the two main causes of air pollution?

a. Man-made and Natural

b. Natural resources and waste disposal
c. Natural and waste
d. Man-made and natural resources

62. List two pollutants which result in man-made air pollution.

a. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide

b. Carbon monoxides and nitrogen
c. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
d. Carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxide

63. What are the causes of man-made air pollution and natural air pollution respectively?

a. Waste incinerators and forest fires

b. Swimming and wind erosion
c. Cycling and forest fires
d. Hurricanes and power plant emissions

64. List three effects of air pollution on human health.

a. Insomnia, Rhinitis and cardiac

b. Asthma, Rhinitis and high blood pressure
c. Pulmonary, cardiac and vascular
d. Diabetics, Rhinitis and heart attack

65. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

a. Carbonic acid
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Nitrous dioxide

66. _____________ can cause global warming.

a. Fish swimming
b. Trees growing
c. Volcanoes
d. Mudslides

67. What is the greenhouse effect?

a. Where heat is kept out of the atmosphere

 b. Where heat is retained in the atmosphere
c. Where more light is let into the atmosphere
d. Where less light is let into the atmosphere

68. What could one effect of global warming be?

a. More islands forming

b. Sea level rise
c. More volcanic eruptions
d. More landslides

69. What do greenhouse gases do?

a. They cause more heat to be kept out of the Earth.

b. They cause the sun's light to be kept out of the Earth
c. They absorb and hold in heat.
d. They cause acid rain.

70. Carbon is released from plant tissues back into the atmosphere when plants decompose or
when fossil fuels are burned. The movement of carbon from the air to plants to the soil
and back to the air again is known as:

a. The life cycle

b. The carbon cycle
c. The spin cycle
d. The carbon copy