ECOLOGY

NAME: PASCUA, JOY GABUYA

Choose the best answer

1. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms
and their environment is called
a. economy.
b. modeling.
c. recycling.
d. ecology.

2. All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an)
a. biome.
b. population.
c. community.
d. ecosystem.

3. Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

a. Communities make up species, which make up populations.
b. Populations make up species, which make up communities.
c. Species make up communities, which make up populations.
d. Species make up populations, which make up communities.

4. What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
a. carbohydrates
b. Sunlight
c. Water
d. Carbon

Figure 3-1

5. The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are
a. consumers.
b. decomposers.
c. producers.
d. heterotrophs.
 6. An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is
called a(an)
a. heterotroph.
b. consumer.
c. detritivore.
d. autotroph.

7. Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

a. chemosynthetic bacteria
b. algae
c. trees
d. photosynthetic bacteria

8. An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an)

a. heterotroph.
b. chemotroph.
c. autotroph.
d. producer.

9. Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals
are called
a. decomposers.
b. omnivores.
c. autotrophs.
d. producers.

10. What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?

a. carnivore
b. herbivore
c. omnivore
d. detritivore

11. What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex
interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?
a. food web
b. an ecosystem
c. food chain
d. a population

12. What animals eat both producers and consumers?

a. herbivores
b. omnivores
 c. chemotrophs
d. autotrophs

13. Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic
level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest
is
a. used in reproduction.
b. stored as body tissue.
c. stored as fat.
d. eliminated as heat.

14. The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
a. the water cycle.
b. the condensation cycle.
c. precipitation.
d. evaporation.

15. Which of the following is NOT recycled in the biosphere?

a. water
b. nitrogen
c. carbon
d. energy

16. Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
a. photosynthesis.
b. transpiration.
c. burning of fossil fuels.
d. decomposition of plants and animals.

17. Organisms need nutrients in order to

a. utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
b. carry out essential life functions.
c. recycle chemical compounds.
d. carry out nitrogen fixation.

18. The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
a. energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle.
b. energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available.
c. nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles.
d. energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat.

19. The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular

region is the region’s
 a. weather.
b. latitude.
c. ecosystem.
d. climate.

20. All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT

a. latitude.
b. biomes and ecosystems.
c. transport of heat.
d. shape and elevation of land mass.

21. The greenhouse effect is

a. the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
b. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range.
c. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
d. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back
into the atmosphere.

22. Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT

a. plant life.
b. soil type.
c. rainfall.
d. temperature.

23. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
a. average temperature of the ecosystem
b. type of soil in the ecosystem
c. number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem
d. concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

24. During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave its
usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due to
a. its need to find different foods to eat.
b. the change in an abiotic factor in its environment.
c. its need to find a new habitat.
d. the change in a biotic factor in its environment.

25. An organism’s niche is

a. the way the organism uses the range of physical and biological
conditions in which it lives.
b. all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment.
c. the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive.
d. a full description of the place an organism lives.
26. Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a. have different habitats within the tree.
b. eat different foods within the tree.
c. occupy different niches within the tree.
d. can find different temperatures within the tree.

27. An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called
a. competition.
b. sybiosis.
c. mutualism.
d. predation.

28. No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
a. because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem.
b. unless the species require different abiotic factors.
c. because of the competitive exclusion principle.
d. unless the species require different biotic factors.

29. A symbiosis in which both species benefit is

a. commensalism.
b. mutualism.
c. predation.
d. parasitism.

30. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an
example of
a. mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the
insect pollinates the flower.
b. parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower.
c. commensalism because the insect does not harm the flower and the
flower does not benefit from the relationship.
d. predation because the insect feeds on the flower.

31. The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called
a. population growth.
b. ecological succession.
c. climax community.
d. climate change.

32. What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?

a. Primary succession is slow and secondary succession is rapid.
b. Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins
on newly exposed surfaces.
 c. Primary succession modifies the environment and secondary succession
does not.
d. Secondary succession begins with lichens and primary succession
begins with trees.

33. Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation?

a. tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
b. tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
c. tundra and desert
d. boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrub land

34. A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its
a. average precipitation and temperature.
b. characteristic ecological community.
c. distance from the equator.
d. specific geographical location.

35. One of the main characteristics of a population is its

a. change over time.
b. geographic distribution.
c. dynamics.
d. habitat.

36. Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?

a. immigration and emigration
b. increased death rate and immigration
c. decreased birthrate and emigration
d. emigration and increased birthrate

37. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called

a. logistic growth.
b. growth density.
c. exponential growth.
d. multiple growth.

38. As resources in a population become less available, population growth

a. declines rapidly.
b. increases slowly.
c. reaches carrying capacity.
d. enters a phase of exponential growth.

39. In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population
a. reaches carrying capacity.
 b. grows quickly and few animals are dying.
c. growth begins to slow down.
d. growth stops.

40. A biotic or an abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is
a
a. carrying capacity.
b. limiting nutrient.
c. limiting factor.
d. growth factor.

41. All of the following are limiting factors EXCEPT

a. immigration.
b. competition.
c. predation.
d. human disturbances.

42. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
a. death rate may rise.
b. birthrate may rise.
c. death rate must fall.
d. birthrate must fall.

43. Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT

a. competition.
b. predation.
c. crowding.
d. disease.

44. Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?

a. earthquake
b. disease
c. emigration
d. parasitism

45. A disease resulting in the deaths of one-third of a dense population of bats in a cave would
be a
a. density-dependent limiting factor.
b. result of exponential growth.
c. density-independent limiting factor.
d. nutrient-limiting factor.