Civil Engineering Nov 2020 Review Innovations Algebra 1

Exponents: Quadratic Equation: 6. If 1/8 and –2/3 are the roots of a quadratic
m n
(a ) = a mn 2 equation, what is the equation?
1. Ax + Bx + C = 0
Answer: 24x2 + 13x – 2 = 0
m n m+n
2. a a = a
Quadratic Formula 7. In the equation 3x2 + 4x + (2k – 5) = 0, find k if
am the product of the roots is 4. Answer: 8.5
3. = am − n
an −B  B2 − 4 AC 8. Find the quadratic equation whose roots are the
4. a1/n = n a x=
2A reciprocals of the roots of the equation Ax2 + Bx
1 + C = 0. Answer: Cx2 + Bx + A = 0
5. a−n = n
a Roots of Quadratic Equation 9. In a quadratic equation problem, one student
6. ( a  b)m = am  bm made a mistake in copying the coefficient of x
−B + B2 − 4 AC
x1 = and got a root of 3 and 4. Another student
2A made a mistake in copying the constant term
Logarithm
−B − B2 − 4 AC and got a root of –2 and 5. What is the original
1. If b x = n , then x = log b n x2 =
2A quadratic equation? Answer: x2 – 3x + 12 = 0
2. log b xy = log b x + log b y
10. A meeting of several transport group leaders
3. log b ( x / y ) = log b x − log b y Properties of Roots was held to decide whether they should strike
4. log b xn = n log b x B or not. It was arranged that during the
Sum of the Roots: x1 + x2 = −
5. log 10 x = log x  common logarithm A counting, those in favor should remain
C standing and those against should sit down. In
6. log e x = ln x  natural logarithm Product of the Roots: x1 x2 =
A due course, the acting chairman announced
where e = 2.71828…  approximate
that the motion is carried by a majority equal to
x
 1 exactly a quarter of the opposition. A man
e = lim  1 +   exact Problems: protested, saying some of them could not sit
x →  x
1. If 8x = y , then what is 2 5 x − 3 equal to in terms down because there were not enough chairs.
7. Change-base rule:
of y? Answer: y5/3/8 So, the chairman decided that those who
log y x = ln x /ln y = log x /log y
2. Find the value of x in (3^5)(9^6) = 3^(2x). Note: wanted to sit down but couldn’t, will raise their
8. log b b = 1 right hand. He counted a dozen and then
The expression ^ means power.
9. log b 1 = 0 A. 8.5 C. 9.5 announced the motion is lost by a majority of 1.
B. 9 D. 8 How many transport leaders were in that
meeting? 207
Inequalities: 3. The logarithms of the quotient and the product
1. a > b iff -a < -b of two numbers are 0.352182518 and
2. If a > 0, then -a < 0 1.556302501, respectively. Find the first
3. If -a < 0, then a < 0 number?
4. If a > b, c < 0, then ac < bc
.
5. If a > b, c > d, then (a + c) > (b + d)
x ..
6. If a > b, c > d, and a, b, c, d > 0, then ac > bd x
7. If a > 0, b > 0, a > b, then 1/a < 1/b 4. Solve for x from (a) x x = 10 Ans: 9

5. Solve for x from the following equations:

iff = if an only if xm xn = 100,000; xmn = 1,000,000; xm / xn = 10
Answer: 10
:
Civil Engineering Nov 2020 Review Innovations Algebra 1
For Practice: 13. Mike saves 20% of his income. If his 22. Find the fifth term if the sum of the first n terms
1. If 3x = 54, then 3x – 2 is equal to: expenditure is increased by 35%, how many of a series is 3n+2 – 6.
A. 6 C. 8 percent must his income be increased so that he A. 1434 C. 1458
B. 5 D. 9 may save 10% of it? Ans: 20% B. 1442 D. 1426

2. Solve for x from x − 1/x = 0 14. Two students attempted to solve a problem 23. Find the valve of 102x + 1 if 10x = 4.
which reduces into a quadratic equation. One, A. 180 C. 160
A. 1, −1 C. 1, 1/2
in simplifying, made a mistake in the constant B. 175 D. 170
B. −1 D. −1/2, −1
term and had -2 & 6 for his roots. The other 24. Find the 1987th digit in the decimal equivalent
made a mistake in the coefficient of the first- to 1785/9999 starting from the decimal point.
3. Solve for x from x + x + x + x + ... = 5.
degree term and had -3 & 5 for his roots. What Ans: 8
Answer: 20 is the correct quadratic equation? 25. Shureka Washburn has scores 72, 67, 82 and 79
Answer: x2 – 4x – 15 = 0
(b 2 − 4b + 16)(b 2 − 16) on her algebra tests. Use an inequality to find
4. Solve for x: x = .
15. Mang Andoy has lived one-fourth of his life as
b 3 + 64 the scores she must take on the final exam to
Answer: b – 4 a boy, one-fifth as a youth, one-third as a man, pass the course with an average of 77 or higher,
and has spent 13 years in his dotage. How old given that the final exam counts as two test.
(x y z ) (x )
−3 −1/2
2 3 −2 −3
yz 3 is he? Ans: 60 A. greater than or equal to 81
5. Simplify: . B. greater than or equal to 51
( xyz −3 )−5/2 16. Solve for y from the following system of
C. greater than or equal to 61
Answer: 1/x2y7z3 equations: x2 – yz = 3; y2 – xz = 4; z2 – xy = 5
Answer: 1/6
D. greater than or equal to 71
4(52 n + 1 ) − 10(52 n −1 ) 17. In the equation kx2 – 54x + 32 = 0, find the value
6. Simplify . Ans: 9
2(52 n ) of k if one root is 8 times the other root. Ans: 9
7. If the product of the roots of the quadratic 18. If it were two hours later, it would be half as
equation x2 + 2a2 x + a = 0 is equal to 3a + 6, find long until midnight as it would be if it were an
the sum of its roots. Answer: -18 hour later. What time is it now? Ans: 21:00

8. What is the value of k in the equation kx2 + 9x + 19. Find two numbers such that their sum
8 = 0 if the equation is to have only one root? multiplied by the sum of their squares is 5500,
Answer: 81/32 and their difference multiplied by the
difference of their squares is 352. One of the
9. How many significant digits are there in
numbers is… Answer: 13
0.001040050? Answer: 7
20. Ernie’s average in 6 subjects is 83. If his lowest
10. Solve for x from the following: xy = 12; yz = 20;
grade is disregarded, his remaining subject is
zx = 15. Answer: 3
84. What is his lowest grade?
11. Evaluate the log 6 845 A. 76 C. 79
A. 5.912 C. 3.761 B. 77 D. 78
B. 4.348 D. 6.348 21. Instead of multiplying the number by 17, Fred
12. If log x 6 = 1.2925, what is the value of log x 11? divided it by 17. If the answer he obtained was
1, what should have been the correct answer?
A. 1.65 C. 1.42
A. 289 C. 287
B. 1.73 D. 1.51
B. 291 D. 285