GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

STRUCTURAL DESIGN LAB

Task 1: Analysis and Design of plane frame
The roof of a 8 m wide hall is supported on a portal frame spaced at 4 m intervals. The height of
the portal frame is 4 m. The continuous slab is 120 mm thick. Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2.
Bearing capacity of the soil is 150 kN/m2. The columns are connected with a plinth beam and the
base of the column may be assumed as fixed. Design the column and beam members and a suitable
foundation footing for the columns of the portal frame.
Adopt M-20 grade concrete and Fe-415 HYSD bars.
1. Data
Spacing of portal frame = 4 m
Span of portal frame =8m
Height of columns =4m
Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2
Materials: M20 grade concrete and Fe415 HYSD bars.
2. Characteristic strength
f ck = 20 N/mm2 and fy = 415 N/mm2
3. Design of slab
Provide 120 mm slab with 10 mm bars at 200 mm centres at supports and mid span sections.
Distribution steel is 6 mm Φ at 130 mm centres.
4. Design of portal frame
Effective span of beam = 8 m
8000
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = 𝑑 = ( ) = 666 𝑚𝑚
12
Adopt d = 650 mm arid overall depth = 700 mm, breadth = b = 400 mm. Column section is
assumed as 400 mm by 600 mm.
(a) load on frame
Self-weight of slab = (0.12 x 24) = 2.88 kN/m2
Roof finish = 0.50
Ceiling finish = 0.25
Live load = 1.50
 Total load = 5.13 kN/m2
Load from slab= (5.13 x 4) = 20.52 kN/m
Self-weight of beam= (0.4 x 0.58 x 24) = 5.56
Finishes of beam = 0.92
Total load on beam = 27.00 kN/m
The moments in the portal frame fixed at base and loaded as shown in Fig. are analysed
by moment distribution.
AB = 4 m, BC = 8 m
400 × 6003 400 × 7003
𝐼𝐴𝐵 = ( ) 𝐼𝐵𝐶 = ( )
12 12
700 3
𝐼𝐴𝐵 ∶ 𝐼𝐵𝐶 = 1 ∶ ( ) = 1 ∶ 1.57
600
(b) Relative stiffness
𝐼
𝑘𝐴𝐵 = ( ) = 0.25𝐼
4
1.57𝐼
𝑘𝐵𝐶 = ( ) = 0.20𝐼
8
(c) Distribution factor
0.25𝐼
𝑑𝐵𝐴 = ( ) = 0.55
0.25 + 0.20𝐼
0.20𝐼
𝑑𝐵𝐶 =( ) = 0.45
0.25 + 0.20𝐼
(d) Fixed end moments
𝑤𝐿2 27 × 82
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = − ( ) = −( ) = −144 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿2 27 × 82
𝐹𝐶𝐵 = + ( ) = +( ) = +144 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12
𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 0
 B C

400 x 700 Beam

4m
400 x 600
Column
A D
8m
(a) Portal Frame

+ 114 kN.m

- -
102 kN.m 102 kN.m
- B C -

A + + D
51 kN.m 51 kN.m
(b) Bending Moment Diagram

(e) Moment distribution

B C
A 0.55 0.45 0.45 0.55 D
0 0 -144 +144 0 0
39.5 +79 +65 -65 -79 -39.5
-32.5 32.5
8.9 17.8 14.7 -14.7 -17.8 -8.9
-7.4 7.4
2.0 4.0 3.4 -3.4 -4.0 -2.0
-1.7 1.7
0.47 0.93 0.77 -0.77 -0.93 -0.47
51 +102 -102 -102 -102 -51
 (f) Design moments and shear forces
Service load moments: MB = 102 kN.m and MA= 51 kN.m
Design ultimate moments are computed as:
MuB = (1.5 x 102) = 153 kN.m
MuA = (1.5 X 51) = 76.5 kN.m
Maximum positive service load moment at centre of span BC is:
= [0.125 wL2 - 102]
= [(0.125 x 27 x 82) -102] = 114 kN.m
Ultimate moment at centre of span BC = Mu = (1.5 x 114) = 171 kN.m
The service load bending moment diagram for the portal frame is shown in Fig.
Maximum working shear force at B = (0.5 x 27 x 8) = 108 kN
Maximum ultimate shear force at B = Vu = (1.5 x 108) = 162 kN
𝑀𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵 51 + 102
Working load shear force at 𝐴 = ( )=( ) = 38.25 𝑘𝑁
4 4
Ultimate shear force at A = (1.5 x 38.25) = 57.37 kN
(g) Design of beam section
Mid span section is designed as a tee section.
Factored design moment= Mu= 171 kN.m
Effective width of Flange (bf) is given by the relation:
𝑏𝑓 = [(𝐿⁄6) + 𝑏𝑤 + 6𝐷𝑓 ]
𝑏𝑓 = [(8⁄6) + 0.4 + (6 × 0.12)] = 2.45 𝑚 < 4𝑚
Hence, bf= 2450 mm and effective depth = d = 650 mm
xu = 0.48 d = (0.48 x 650) = 312 mm
𝐷𝑓 120
[ ]=[ ] = 0.18 < 0.2
𝑑 650
𝐷𝑓 120
[ ]=[ ] = 0.38 < 0.43
𝑥𝑢 320
Since the moment value is small, determine the value of neutral axis depth, xu falling within
the flange using the equation:
𝑀𝑢 = 0.36𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥𝑢 𝑏𝑓 (𝑑 − 0.42𝑥𝑢 )
(171 × 106 ) = [(0.36 × 20 × 𝑥𝑢 × 2450)(650 − 0.42 × 𝑥𝑢 )]
 Solving, we have xu = 15 mm < Df = 120 mm
Hence considering the section as rectangular, the area of reinforcement required is
computed by the reaction:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 . 𝑓𝑦
∴ 𝑀𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 [1 − ]
𝑏𝑑𝑓𝑐𝑘
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
(171 × 106 ) = (0.87 × 415𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 650) [1 − ]
(2450 × 650 × 20)
Solving Ast = 973 mm2
Provide 4 bars of 20 mm diameter (Ast = 1256 mm2)
Support section
Factored design moment= Mu = 153 kN.m
The support section is designed as rectangular section and the reinforcement area 18
computed using the equation:
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
(153 × 106 ) = (0.87 × 415𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 650) [1 − ]
(400 × 650 × 20)
Solving Ast= 687 mm2 >Ast.min= 512 mm2
Since the section has to resist shear force also, provide 4 bars of 20 mm diameter providing
an area of 1256 mm2.
𝑉𝑢 162 × 103
Nominal shear stress = 𝜏𝑣 = ( ) = ( ) = 0.62 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏𝑑 400 × 650
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 × 1256
𝑝𝑡 = ( )=( ) = 0.42
𝑏𝑑 400 × 650
Refer Table-19 (IS: 456-2000) and read out the permissible shear stress as:
𝜏𝑐 = 0.47 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 < 𝜏𝑣
Hence shear reinforcements are required.
Balance shear force = Vus = [162 - (0.47 x 400 x 650) 10-3] = 40 kN
Using 6 mm diameter two-legged stirrups, spacing is given by the relation:
0.87𝑓𝑣 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑 0.87 × 415 × 2 × 28 × 650
𝑠𝑣 = [ ]=[ ] = 328 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑠 40 × 103
Adopt 300 mm spacing near the supports, gradually increasing to 400 mm towards the
centre of span.
(h) Design of column section
Section at top (B)
 Moment M = 102 kN.m
Thrust P = 108 kN
Using a load factor of 1.5
Mu= (102 x 1.5) = 153 kN.m
Pu= (108 X 21.5) = 162 kN
Column section is of size 400 x 600 mm
∴ 𝑏 = 400 𝑚𝑚 𝑑 = 550 𝑚𝑚
𝐷 = 600 𝑚𝑚 𝑑 ′ = 50 𝑚𝑚 𝑑′
( ) = 0.10
𝐷
𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑢 153 × 106
( ) = ( ) = 0.053
𝑓𝑐𝑘 . 𝑏. 𝐷2 20 × 400 × 6002
𝑃𝑢 160 × 103
( )=( ) = 0.033
𝑓𝑐𝑘 . 𝑏. 𝐷 20 × 400 × 600
Using interaction curves of SP-16 we get:
𝑝 ∴ 𝑝 = (20 × 0.03) = 0.6
( ) = 0.03
𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐴𝑠 = (𝑝. 𝑏. 𝐷/100) = (0.6 × 400 × 600)/100 = 1440 𝑚𝑚2
0.8 × 400 × 600
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = ( ) = 1920 𝑚𝑚2
100
Provide 4 bars of 20 mm Φ on each face (Ast = 2512 mm2) and 8 mm Φ ties at 300 mm
centres throughout the column.
Same reinforcements are provided at the base section of the column.
(i) Design of foundations
Factored design moment= (1.5 x 25.6) = 38.4 kN.m
Effective depth required for footing slab is computed as:

𝑀𝑢 38.4 × 106
𝑑=√ = √ = 118 𝑚𝑚
0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 0.138 × 20 × 1000

Depth required to resist shear force is greater than that obtained from moment
considerations. Hence adopt overall depth of 300 mm
Effective depth = d = 250 mm
Area of reinforcements are obtained by computing the parameter:
 𝑀𝑢 38.4 × 106
( 2) = ( ) = 0.614
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 2502
Refer Table-2 of SP: 16 (Design Tables) and read out the percentage steel as:
100𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑝𝑡 = ( ) = 0.178
𝑏𝑑
0.178 × 1000 × 250
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = ( ) = 445 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛
100
Provide 12 mm diameter bars at 150 mm centers both ways (Ast = 754 mm2). Check for
shear.
Shear force acting at a distance of 250 mm from the face of the column is given by:
103 + 79
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉 = ( ) 0.5 = 45.5 𝑘𝑁
2
Ultimate shear force = Vu = (1.5 x 45.5) = 68.25 kN
68.25 × 103
𝜏𝑣 = ( ) = 0.273
1000 × 250
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 × 754
( )=( ) = 0.30
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 250
Refer Table-19 of IS: 456-2000 and read out the design shear strength of concrete 𝜏𝑐 as:
𝜏𝑐 = 0.38 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Since 𝜏𝑐 > 𝜏𝑣 , the footing slab safely resist the shear stresses.
The details of reinforcements in the portal frame are shown in Fig.
 2 # 20 4 # 20 2 # 20
120 700
4 # 20
# 6 – 300

# 6 – 300 400
400
Section – Y Y
4 # 20

8 # 20
X X 4 # 20
4m

400

600
Section – x x

600

1m
300

2100
# 12 – 150 both ways

Reinforcement details in portal frame