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    Lecture 4MORTAR

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    Ermiyas Alhegn
    A mortar is a mixture of sand, a binding agent like cement or lime, and water. It is used to bond masonry elements like bricks together and distribute vertical forces. There are several types of mortar including mud, lime-sand, cement-sand, and cement-lime-sand mortars. The properties of mortar depend on the materials and their proportions, with workability and strength generally increasing with more cement. Mortar must be accurately measured and mixed to achieve the desired properties.

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    Lecture 4MORTAR

    Uploaded by

    Ermiyas Alhegn
    30 views24 pages
    A mortar is a mixture of sand, a binding agent like cement or lime, and water. It is used to bond masonry elements like bricks together and distribute vertical forces. There are several types of mortar including mud, lime-sand, cement-sand, and cement-lime-sand mortars. The properties of mortar depend on the materials and their proportions, with workability and strength generally increasing with more cement. Mortar must be accurately measured and mixed to achieve the desired properties.

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    lecture 4MORTAR

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    A mortar is a mixture of sand, a binding agent like cement or lime, and water. It is used to bond masonry elements like bricks together and distribute vertical forces. There are several types of mortar including mud, lime-sand, cement-sand, and cement-lime-sand mortars. The properties of mortar depend on the materials and their proportions, with workability and strength generally increasing with more cement. Mortar must be accurately measured and mixed to achieve the desired properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views24 pages

    Lecture 4MORTAR

    Uploaded by

    Ermiyas Alhegn
    A mortar is a mixture of sand, a binding agent like cement or lime, and water. It is used to bond masonry elements like bricks together and distribute vertical forces. There are several types of mortar including mud, lime-sand, cement-sand, and cement-lime-sand mortars. The properties of mortar depend on the materials and their proportions, with workability and strength generally increasing with more cement. Mortar must be accurately measured and mixed to achieve the desired properties.

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    MORTAR

    Definition
    A mortar is a
    mixture of sand
    with a binding
    agent (generally
    cement and/or
    lime), to which
    water is added in
    previously
    determined
    proportions.
    Uses of Mortar
     It bonds masonry elements together in all
    directions (vertical and horizontal joints).
     It allows forces to be transmitted between
    the elements and notably vertical forces
    (i.e. the weight of the elements themselves,
    or applied forces).
     It enables these forces to be distributed
    across the whole surface of the masonry
    elements.
     As a wall plaster and constituent of
    concrete.
    Types of Mortar
    There is a large number of mortar
    types used in the construction
    industry.
    1. Mud mortar
    2. Lime-sand mortar
    3. Pozzolime mortar
    4. Cement-sand mortar
    5. Cement-lime-sand mortar
    1. Mud mortar
    The most elementary mortar
    Is made from soil mixed with water
    It may be suitable for laying soil
    blocks
    Is not recommended for fired bricks
    If exposed to the weather will quickly
    be eroded by rain
    2. Lime-sand mortar

    Lime and sand mortar is traditional


    material
    use of lime results in a relatively
    workable mixture
     slow hardening makes it less
    attractive than cement mortars
    3.Pozzolime mortar

    Naturally occurring volcanic ashes


    may contain siliceous material which
    can have a pozzolanic reaction with
    lime.
    4. Cement-sand mortar
    The traditional mortar material for
    building work was lime, but later to an
    increasing extent Portland cement
    replaced it.
    While the use of lime results in a
    relatively workable mixture, rapid
    development of strength as well as
    stronger mortar is most conveniently
    obtained with Portland cement.
    5. Cement-lime-sand mortar

    In order to combine the advantages of


    both lime and cement, mortars are
    prepared with appropriate proportions
    of Portland cement, lime and sand,
    which is known as compo-mortar.
    Materials for mortar
    Sand:
     should be well graded, that is the particles
    should not all be fine or all coarse.
     should be clean, free from dust, loam, clay
    and vegetable matter
    Water
    Clean water is important for the same
    reasons, as is clean sand; any impurities
    present will affect bond strength between
    the paste and sand.
    Proportioning of the component
    materials
    In proportioning the component materials
    the following points must also be
    considered:
    The mixture must be workable so that it
    can be placed and finished without undue
    labor. (Workable)
    Since Portland cement is the most costly
    ingredient in the mixture the proportion
    used should be as small as its consistent
    with the attainment of desired properties.
    (Economical)
    Properties of mortar
    Some of the properties of mortar are:
    1. Workability
    2. Strength
    3. Water tightness
    Factors affecting the properties of
    mortar include:

    The amount of mixing water


    Properties of the binder used
    Cement content; fineness and
    composition
    Characteristics and grading of
    the sand
    Workability
    For the same proportions, lime-sand mortar
    invariably gives better workability than
    Portland cement-sand mortar
    At times plasticizers and air-entraining
    agents are used in order to improve the
    workability of cement-sand mortars,
    especially when they are lean (i.e.
    containing less amount of cement) mixes.
    Strength
    Strength of mortar is affected by a number
    of factors, which include the quality of the
    ingredients, their proportion, the curing
    method and age.
    The compressive, tensile, shear and
    bending strengths of cement mortar
    increases with an increase in the cement
    content, and this is true irrespective of the
    grain size distribution of the sand.
    The strength of mortar increases with age
    Water Tightness
    At times mortar is used in parts of
    buildings exposed to dampness or
    moisture and might be required to be
    watertight.
    With the cement content, materials,
    and workability all constant, strength
    and degree of water-tightness
    increase with the density of the mix.
    Batching and mixing
    Materials used for making mortar
    should be accurately measured,
    Cement is usually measured by
    weight in cement bags where as lime
    and sand are measured by volume.
    50 Kg cement=35 liters
    Box size:40cm X 35cmX 25cm
    Cont’d

    Few examples of mortar proportions


    by volume for different purposes:
    For masonry:
    Cement mortar 1 cement: 3-4 sand

    For bricklaying:
    Lime mortar 1 lime: 3-4 sand
    Test For sand
    Natural sand shall consist of natural,
    manufactured sand or combination of
    both.
    The testes are
    Grading requirement
    Organic Impurity
    Silt and clay content
    Soundness test
    cont

    Fineness Modulus
    Chloride content
    Sulphate content
    Unit weight
    Specific gravity
    Water absorption
    Moisture content

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