Mortar

MORTAR
MORTAR
Mortar is mixture of fine aggregate and cementing material with water.
It is used as a binding material for bricks and stone and as a plaster.
Mortar is classified in many ways based on binding agent such as;
 Mud-mortar
 Lime-mortar
 Cement-mortar
 Lime-cement mortar
 Other mortars.
Mortar
Mud mortar: This mortar is prepared with clay
nodules are first collected from the ground. These
clay nodules are wetted with water about 2 days
and then it is kneaded well.
 if need certain fibrous (cow dung) materials are

added to prevent the shrinkage cracks.
Use:
Mud mortar is used for surface flooring, plastering
the internal wall surfaces.
 The life of mud mortar surface depending on

water proofing treatment and weather
conditions and mostly the life of mud mortar
various from 5 to 15 years.
Lime mortar: Lime mortar consists of lime, sand and water. The proportion of lime mortar is
usually 1:3 to 1:4 and enough water is added to make a paste.
Lime used in lime mortar is mostly fat lime or quick lime.
Use:
Slaked fat lime mortar is used for plastering and hydraulic lime mortar is used for masonry
construction.
Lime-Cement Mortar: Lime-cement mortar is also called as gauged or composite mortar.
Cement is added to lime mortar when lime mortar made with fat lime to improve the initial
setting time, strength and hydraulic properties. The usual proportions of cement-lime-
sand are 1:1:6, 1:2:9 and 1:3:12.
The initial setting time of mortar is the time when cement paste starts hardening.
Use: Lime-cement mortar can be used for half brick walling (e.g. cavity walls), in the
masonry to bind stones, bricks and concrete blocks, pointing the masonry joints,
plastering wall surface, outside weather proofing etc.
Pointing is the implementing of joints to a depth of 10 mm to 20 mm and

filling it with better quality mortar in desired shape.
Cement mortar: Cement mortar consists of cement, sand and water. Cement mortar is strongest type of
mortar, therefore it used in construction of structures subjected to heavy loading.
The best type of cement mortar is a mixture of Portland cement, sand, water, and a small amount of lime.
Preparation: Cement mortar is prepared in the following ways.
First clean the dry sand and then spread in a uniform layer platform. On it required quantity of is uniformly
spread;
 Then the whole mass is mixed properly with spades till the whole mass becomes uniform in colour;
Then depression (hole) is made in the middle of the mass and the required quantity of water is added;
The dry mixture from side is placed on the edge of the depression containing water. It is done gradually till
the water is completely absorbed by dry mass.
When mortar is required in large quantity, it is prepared by mixing mechanical mixer.
The mechanical mixer consists of cylindrical rotating container with blades. This rotating container can be rotated by
electric motor or petrol motor engine. Sand, cement and water is putt in to the cylindrical container with proportion and
the cylindrical container can rotate by motor for some time till the mixer has a uniform consistency. The mixed mortar can
poured on pucca platform.
Use of cement mortar: Cement mortar is used for damp-proof course below the ground level, exposed work like
construction of walls, parapets. It is used for pointing the joints of masonry, plastering of surface masonry etc.
Cement clay mortar: It is prepared with cement-clay proportion of 1:1 and the addition of clay can improve
water retaining ability, the workability of mortar and increase its density. This mortar has better covering
power.
Use: This can be used for masonry joints and plastering.
Decorative mortar: This type of mortar is prepared by using of colour cements or pigments and fine
aggregate of appropriate colour.
Use: This type of mortar is used for pleasant outer appearance to the surface of structure.
Damp-proofing mortar: It is prepared with high grade sulphate resisting Portland cement and sand from crushed solid
rock. The approximate composition of this mortar is 1:2.5 or 1:3.5.
Use: This mortar is used for damp-proofing in various parts of the building.
Sound-absorbing mortar: It is prepared with Portland, slag cement, lime/gypsum with sand of 3.5mm light rock
powder/ashes.
Use: This mortar is used for sound absorbing plastering to reduce the noise level.
Fire-shielding mortar: This is prepared with aluminous cement with finely fire brick powder in the ratio of 1:2. This mortar
has excellent fire resistance.
Use: This mortar is used for setting of refractory bricks in the furnace lining where the temperature is high.
X-ray shielding mortar: This is prepared with Portland and slag cement as binding materials with heavy rock powder in
the form of sand of 1.25mm and dust. For increasing the strength of this mortar to add the light weight element of
hydrogen, lithium, cadmium.
Use: This mortar is used for plastering of walls and ceilings of X-ray cabinets.
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MORTAR

Mortar is classified in many ways based on binding agent such as;

 if need certain fibrous (cow dung) materials are

 The life of mud mortar surface depending on

Lime used in lime mortar is mostly fat lime or quick lime.

Pointing is the implementing of joints to a depth of 10 mm to 20 mm and

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