SVKM J.V. Parekh International School Grade: VI Div: Subject: Physics Topic: Gravity Name of The Student: Roll No

SVKM J.V.
PAREKH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Grade: VI Div: Subject: Physics Topic: Gravity
Name of the Student: Roll No:_____________
A force is a push or pull acting upon an object as a result of its interaction with
another object.
Unit of Force
S.I. system C.G.S

newton(N) System
dyne
IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 1

There are a variety of types of forces. Variety of force were placed into two
broad category headings on the basis of whether the force resulted from the
contact or non-contact of the two interacting objects.
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS
• Gravity is the force that acts at a distance.

• All objects that have mass exert a gravitational force on any other object with mass.
• The bigger the mass and the closer they are together, the bigger the attractive force between them.
• Earth which has a greater mass attracts almost everything

For example :
If an apple is falling towards the Earth, the Earth is pulling the apple downwards, at the same time
the apple is pulling the earth towards itself with the same amount of force.
We do not see the Earth moving towards the apple because the Earth’s mass is much greater than
the mass of the apple.
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE BETWEEN EARTH & MOON
• The force of gravity between Earth and Moon is strong because they both have
large masses.
• Remember that not only Earth is attracting the Moon towards itself but the
Moon is also attracting the Earth with an equal force but in opposite direction.

MASS
The mass of an object refers to the amount of matter that is contained by the
object.
The mass of an object (measured in kg) will be the same no matter where in the
universe that object is located.
Mass is never altered by location, the pull of gravity, speed or even the
existence of other forces.
For example, a 2-kg object will have a mass of 2 kg whether it is located on Earth,
the moon, or Jupiter; its mass will be 2 kg whether it is moving or not (at least
for purposes of our study); and its mass will be 2 kg whether it is being pushed
upon or not.
WEIGHT
The force of gravity acting upon an object is sometimes referred to as
the weight of the object.
Weight is related to the pull of the Earth (or any other planet) upon that matter.
The weight of an object (measured in Newton) will vary according to where in
the universe the object is.
Weight depends upon which planet is exerting the force and the distance the
object is from the planet.
Weight, being equivalent to the force of gravity, is dependent upon the value
of g - the gravitational field strength.
On earth's surface g is 9.8 N/kg (often approximated as 10 N/kg for all calculation
purposes+).
On the moon's surface, g is 1.7 N/kg. Go to another planet, and there will be
another g value. Furthermore, the g value is inversely proportional to the
distance from the centre of the planet. So if we were to measure g at a distance
of 400 km above the earth's surface, then we would find the g value to be less
than 9.8 N/kg.
A 1.0-kg mass is suspended from a spring scale in an effort to determine its
weight. The scale reads just short of 10.0 N - close enough to call it 9.8 N.
Mass refers to how much matter is present in the object.
Weight refers to the force with which gravity pulls upon the object.

Note:
1. The gravitational field strength on the surface of moon is six times less
than gravitational field strength on the surface of earth
2. The gravitational field strength on the surface of mars is three times less
than gravitational field strength on the surface of earth
Mass Weight
Definition- Definition-
1.Mass is amount of matter Weight is the Gravitational
contained in an object force(force of gravity) acting on an
object
2.Mass is measured in – 2.Weight is measured in-
SI system-Kilogram (Kg) SI System-newton(N)
Or CGS System- gram(g) CGS system-dyne
3. Mass is same at all the places. 3. Weight changes from place to
place.
4.Mass is measured by Pan balance 4.Weight is measured by force meter,
or beam balance Newton spring meter or by Formula
W=mg

Numericals based on Mass and weight.
1) Jack’s mass is 40 kg. Calculate his weight on to the surface of the Earth.
Solution. m=40kg
g=10 N/kg (for calculation purposes)
W=mxg=40 N X 10N/kg=400N
Ans-Weight of Jack on surface of earth is 400N
2) Shuban’s mass on earth is 28kg, He went on to moon. What will be the

mass of shuban on moon?
Solution. m= 28kg (On surface of earth)
On moon , m=28kg
Reason- Mass is defined as matter contained in an object and matter
remains same at all the places. Hence Shuban’s mass will remain same i.e.28
kg.
3. Sirish weight is 550N on surface of earth. Calculate his mass?

Solution-Weight on surface of earth (W)=550N
g = 10N/kg
W=mxg
550N=mx10N/kg
550/10=m
m=55kg
Ans : mass of Sirish is 55kg.

Gravitational field strength (g)
• The gravitational field strength tells you how many newtons one kilogram weighs or how much force of
gravity exerts on each kilogram of mass.
• Approximately, for objects near the Earth’s surface,

g = 10 N/kg
Changes in gravitational field strength ‘g’

• Near the surface of Earth, gravitational field strength is the same.
• But if you further away from the centre of Earth, then value of g becomes slightly less.
For example, to the top of a very high mountain, g becomes slightly less.
• The value of g on the moon is about 1/6 th of its value on Earth.
Showing force of gravity on diagrams’

The rules for drawing forces are :
• The direction of the arrow shows the direction of the force.
• The length of the arrow is to scale, to show the size of the force.

Measuring weight
• Weight is a force.
• So you use a newton meter to measure the weight of an object.
Weightlessness
While the actual weight of a person is determined by his mass and the
acceleration of gravity, one's "perceived weight" or "effective weight" comes
from the fact that he is supported by floor, chair, etc. If all support is removed
suddenly and the person begins to fall freely, he feels suddenly "weightless" - so
weightlessness refers to a state of being in free fall in which there is no perceived
support. The state of weightlessness can be achieved in several ways, all of
which involve significant physical principles.
Eg:

Q1. A team of astrophysicists sends a probe to Jupiter. The gravitational field strength of Jupiter is 27 N/kg,
and the probe is 1200 kg. Calculate the gravity force (weight) of the probe on Jupiter.
Q2. For each force, write contact or non-contact.
a) Gravity pulling you toward Earth
b) Hitting a ball with a bat
c) Static electricity pulling up your hair
d) Two magnets repelling each other
e) Pedaling a bicycle Pulling a door open

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SVKM J.V.

PAREKH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

S.I. system C.G.S

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 1

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS

• Gravity is the force that acts at a distance.

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 2

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE BETWEEN EARTH & MOON

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 3

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 4

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 5

2) Shuban’s mass on earth is 28kg, He went on to moon. What will be the

3. Sirish weight is 550N on surface of earth. Calculate his mass?

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 6

• Approximately, for objects near the Earth’s surface,

Changes in gravitational field strength ‘g’

• The value of g on the moon is about 1/6 th of its value on Earth.

Showing force of gravity on diagrams’

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 7

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 8

Q2. For each force, write contact or non-contact.

a) Gravity pulling you toward Earth

b) Hitting a ball with a bat

c) Static electricity pulling up your hair

d) Two magnets repelling each other

e) Pedaling a bicycle Pulling a door open

IGCSE/ GRADE 6 / PHYSICS Page 9

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