Mecanica de Sold

Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Oscar Santiago Rodríguez Diaz
Mecánica de Solidos
2.021
9.47 The solid shaft is subjected to a torque, a bending moment and a shear stress. Determine
the principal stresses acting at the point A
We calculate static to detect reactions
∑𝐹 = 0 𝐹𝑦 − 800𝑁 = 0 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑦
𝐹𝑦 = 800𝑁
∑𝑇 = 0 𝑇𝑥 − 45𝑁. 𝑚 = 0 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑇𝑥 = 45𝑁. 𝑚
∑𝑀 = 0 𝑀𝑧 + (800𝑁. 𝑚 ∗ 0.45𝑚) − 300𝑁. 𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑧
𝑀𝑧 + 360𝑁. 𝑚 − 300𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑧 = −60𝑁. 𝑚
Let’s calculate the moments of inertia according to the área

𝜋 𝜋
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑧 = 4 𝑅4 = 4 (0,025𝑚)4 = 0,3068 ∗ 10−6 𝑚4
(𝑄𝐴)𝑧 = 0
We calculate the polar momento

𝜋 𝜋
𝐽= 𝑅4 = (0,025)4 = 0,6136 ∗ 10−6𝑚4
2 2
We calculate the normal stress by applying bending formulas
𝑀2 ∗ 𝑦
𝐴=−
𝐼2
−60(0.025)
𝐴=−
0.3068 ∗ 10−6
𝐴 = 4.889𝑀𝑃𝑎
We calculate the shear force. Applying torsion formulas

𝑇𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 45(0.025)
𝑇𝐴 = =
𝐽 0.6136 ∗ 10−6
𝑇𝐴 = 1.833𝑀𝑃𝑎
Diagrama de esfuerzos
𝑥 = 4.889𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑧=0
𝑇𝑥2 = −1.833𝑀𝑃𝑎
Construcción del círculo de Mohr

𝑧 + 𝑥 4.889 + 0
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 = = = 2.445𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
Las coordenadas referidas al punto A y C
A (4.889, -1.833)
C (2.445, 0)
Calculamos el radio
𝑅 = √(𝑥 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚)2 + 𝑇𝑥𝑧2
𝑅 = √(4.889 − 2.445)2 + (− 4.833)2
𝑅 = ±3.056𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐸𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜
The cuts with the horizontal axis are the main forces 1 and 2
1 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 + 𝑅 = 2.445 + 3.056 = 5𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 − 𝑅 = 2.445 − 3.056 = −0.611𝑀𝑃𝑎
Selección del material

𝑦
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑛 𝑁 = 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 1 ≤ 𝑁 ≤ 3
Y= esfuerzo de frecuencia
Se toma el esfuerzo máximo en el círculo de Mohr
Tomando N=2 valor promedio

𝑦
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑁
𝑁 ∗ 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑦 2 ∗ 3.056𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 6.112𝑀𝑃𝑎
Se usa en materiales mayor a 6.112MPa
Tomando N=3 Valor máximo
𝑁 ∗ 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑦 3 ∗ 3.056𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 9.168𝑀𝑃𝑎
Se usa materiales con Sy o mayor a 9.168MPa
You can use a material with higher electrical limit where aluminum or copper
9.92 The solid shaft is subjected to torque, the bending moment and the shear force shown in the
figure, determine the main forces acting on points A and B and the absolute maximum shear force
La estática es la misma
∑𝐹 = 0 𝐹𝑦 − 800𝑁 = 0 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑦
𝐹𝑦 = 800𝑁
∑𝑇 = 0 𝑇𝑥 − 45𝑁. 𝑚 = 0 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑇𝑥 = 45𝑁. 𝑚
∑𝑀 = 0 𝑀𝑧 + (800𝑁. 𝑚 ∗ 0.45𝑚) − 300𝑁. 𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑧
𝑀𝑧 + 360𝑁. 𝑚 − 300𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑧 = −60𝑁. 𝑚
Calculamos los momentos de inercia
𝜋
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼2 = (𝑅)4
4
𝜋
𝐼2 = (0,025)4
4
𝐼2 = 0,3068 ∗ 10−6𝑚4
𝜋
𝐽= (𝑅)4
2
𝜋
𝐽= (0,025)4 = 0,6136 ∗ 10−6𝑚4
2
(𝑄𝐴)2 = 0
𝑄𝐵 = 𝑦(𝐴`)
4(0,025) 1
= ( (𝜋)(0,025)2)
3𝜋 2
= 10,417 ∗ 10−6𝑚3
𝑄𝐵 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 ∗ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜

4𝑅 𝜋𝑅2
𝑄𝐵 = ∗( )
3𝜋 2
Normal bending efforts
−𝑀2 ∗ 𝑦
=
𝐼2
−60(0)
𝐴=− =0
0,3068 ∗ 10−6
Esfuerzo constante por torsión

𝑇𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 45(0,025)
𝑇𝐴 = = = 1,833𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐽 0,6136 ∗ 10−6
Shear transverse force in direction and shear torsional force in B
𝐹𝑦 𝑄 𝐵
𝑇𝑣 =
𝐼𝑡
Diameter is the width of the inertia moment section of the total transverse área
𝑇𝐵 = (𝑇𝑣) − 𝑇 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑇𝑝
𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙=
𝐽
Momento polar de inercia total
Radius being the furthest distance from the axis of rotation

800(10,417 ∗ 10−6) 45(0,025)
𝑇𝐵 = −
0,3065 ∗ 10−6(0,05) 0,6136 ∗ 10−6
𝑇𝐵 = −1,290𝑀𝑃𝑎
Construcción de círculos de Mohr
En A
T𝑥𝑧 = −1,833 𝑥 = 4,889𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑧=0

𝑥+𝑧 4,889 + 0
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = = = 2,445𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
Coordenadas del punto A y C
A (4,889, - 1,833) C (2,445,0)
Radio del circulo
R=√(4,889 − 2,445)2 + (−1,833)2 = 3,056𝑀𝑃𝑎
En B
2=0 x=0 T𝑥2 = −1,290𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑧+𝑥
Prom = =0
2
Entonces las coordenadas A y C en B
𝐴(0, −1,290) 𝑦 𝐶(0,0)
El radio seria R= 1,290MPa
Grafica del circulo

Punto A
Esfuerzos principales en A
1 = 2,445 + 3,056 = 5,50𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 = 2,445 − 3,056 = −0,611𝑀𝑃𝑎
Punto B
Esfuerzos principales en B
1 = 0 + 1,290 = 1,29𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 = 0 − 1,290 = 1,29𝑀𝑃𝑎
The absolute maximum constant effort is now calculated

𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑚𝑖𝑛 5,50−(−0,611)
Para A 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
2 2
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3,06𝑀𝑃𝑎
Para B 𝑇 =
𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑚𝑖𝑛 1,29−(1,29)
1,29𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑚𝑎𝑥 2
= 2
For the selection of the material the same is done, but with the absolute maximum cutting value
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑁 𝑦 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎
(3,06)2 = 6,12𝑀𝑃𝑎
Con N=3
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑁 = 9
(3,06) ∗ 3 = 9,18𝑀𝑃𝑎
Can be used in aluminum or copper where the elastic limit is observed in the material table
Estructura
50 base
50 ancho
10 altura 5mm
espesor
Resultados de análisis
Deformación
Grafica de tensiones

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Universidad Militar Nueva Granada

Oscar Santiago Rodríguez Diaz

∑𝑀 = 0 𝑀𝑧 + (800𝑁. 𝑚 ∗ 0.45𝑚) − 300𝑁. 𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑧

Let’s calculate the moments of inertia according to the área

We calculate the polar momento

We calculate the shear force. Applying torsion formulas

Construcción del círculo de Mohr

𝑅 = √(𝑥 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚)2 + 𝑇𝑥𝑧2

𝑅 = √(4.889 − 2.445)2 + (− 4.833)2

𝑅 = ±3.056𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐸𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜

1 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 + 𝑅 = 2.445 + 3.056 = 5𝑀𝑃𝑎

2 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 − 𝑅 = 2.445 − 3.056 = −0.611𝑀𝑃𝑎

Selección del material

Se toma el esfuerzo máximo en el círculo de Mohr

Tomando N=2 valor promedio

Se usa en materiales mayor a 6.112MPa

Tomando N=3 Valor máximo

𝑁 ∗ 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑦 3 ∗ 3.056𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 9.168𝑀𝑃𝑎

Se usa materiales con Sy o mayor a 9.168MPa

∑𝑀 = 0 𝑀𝑧 + (800𝑁. 𝑚 ∗ 0.45𝑚) − 300𝑁. 𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑧

Calculamos los momentos de inercia

𝑄𝐵 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 ∗ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜

Normal bending efforts

Esfuerzo constante por torsión

Radius being the furthest distance from the axis of rotation

Construcción de círculos de Mohr

T𝑥𝑧 = −1,833 𝑥 = 4,889𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑧=0

A (4,889, - 1,833) C (2,445,0)

Radio del circulo

R=√(4,889 − 2,445)2 + (−1,833)2 = 3,056𝑀𝑃𝑎

2=0 x=0 T𝑥2 = −1,290𝑀𝑃𝑎

Entonces las coordenadas A y C en B

𝐴(0, −1,290) 𝑦 𝐶(0,0)

El radio seria R= 1,290MPa

Grafica del circulo

1 = 2,445 + 3,056 = 5,50𝑀𝑃𝑎

2 = 2,445 − 3,056 = −0,611𝑀𝑃𝑎

The absolute maximum constant effort is now calculated

𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑁 𝑦 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎

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