Chapter 13 - Reproduction in Humans

Suggested answers
Ch 13 Reproduction in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 13-38)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1-10 D A B C B D A C A A
11-20 B D A D D
Short questions (p. 13-40)

16 a
Part Number
Contains smooth muscle to move sperm 4
Adds a liquid secretion to sperm before they are released 3
(1) x 2 b A - scrotum
It keeps testes cooler / at 35°C so sperm can be made / sperm live longer. (1)
C - erectile tissue
It can be filled with blood. (1)
B - penis
It becomes erect / stiff / rigid so it can reach high in vagina / the top of vagina / the entrance
of uterus. (1)
Effective communication (1)
17 a i Acrosome releases
enzymes / proteases (1) which
digest the protective layer of the
ovum. (1)
ii The protective layer (1) thickens / hardens / changes in structure. (1) b Sperms are produced by
meiotic cell division (1) which involves independent assortment of chromosomes. (1)
Homologous / pairs of chromosomes (1) separate independent of each other. (1)
18 a i umbilical cord (1)

ii carbon dioxide (1) b i
uterine (1) ii
abdominal (1) c i
mammary glands (1)
ii antibodies (1)
Structured questions (p. 13-41)

19 a 25.7 / 25.50–26.00 µm (1) b These enzymes can break down
protective layer and (1) allow the entry of sperm nucleus / DNA
into the ovum. (1) c Mitochondria provide ATP / release energy /
carry out respiration (1) for the movement of sperm. (1)
d This increases the chance of reaching the ovum / egg / fertilization (1) because
sperms have to travel long distance / not all sperm viable / many sperm do not survive.
(1)
20 HKCEE Biology 1995 I Q1c

1. (c) (i) (1) diameter = 53 (50 to 55) × 0.03 mm (1)
= 0.159 mm (0.150 mm to 0.165 mm) (no unit, no mark) (1)
(2) because cell A contains food store (1)
(ii) (1) * ovary (1)
(2) * testis (1)
(iii) (1) fertilization (1)
(2) It forms a zygote ) which will develop into a
new individual )
OR
It combines the genes from both parents )
to result in genetic variation in the offspring ) any TWO point (1) + (1)
OR
It restores the diploid chromosome number )
which has been reduced to half by meiosis during )
gamete formation / so as to maintain the chromosome )
number of the species constant )
(iv) The penis becomes erect (1)
and it is inserted into the vagina (1)
Semen is then ejaculated (1)
Total : 11 marks
21 HKCEE Biology 2006 I Q7

7. A. 4th to 8th March (1)
There is a great drop in the thickness of the uterine lining in this period (1)
B. 12th to 21st March (1) / at least 2 days including 17 or 18
The rise in body temperature indicates that / Uterine lining is thickened and ready for
implantation (1)
ovulation occurs at around day 17 (1)
Also, sperms and the egg can survive for a couple of days in the female reproductive tract (1)
If sexual intercourse occurs in this period, there is a high chance of pregnancy.
Effective Communication C 1
C. This method only allows her to detect ovulation when there is a rise in body temperature (1)
But it fails to predict the fertile period before ovulation (1)
OR
Exact date of ovulation is difficult to predict, as ovulation may be irregular.
Therefore cannot accurately predict when the fertile period starts.
Total: 8 marks 22 HKCEE Human Biology 2005 I Q2b
23 HKCEE Biology 2002 I Q2a
2.
(a)
(i) It forms a physical barrier (1) to prevent sperms from meeting the ovum (1)
(ii) AIDS / hepatitis B, C or E / gonorrhea / syphilis (accept other correct answers) 1
(iii) Menstruation will still occur (1) because the operation does not affect the production
of the female sex hormone by the ovary 1
and the transport of the hormone by blood 1
Under the influence of the female sex hormone, the uterine lining will get thicker 1
and shed off later
Effective communication (C) 1
(iv) Title (T) ½
Drawing including cell outline (D) ½
Two chromosomes shown i.e. haploid, chromosomes as single thread 1+1
Total: 10+ 1 marks

Essay (p. 13-43)
24 a Any four from: 1m x 4
Midpiece of sperm contains mitochondria which supply ATP to the tail
for motility.
Acrosome contains digestive enzymes released when membrane rupture
which digest the protective layer of the ovum.
Haploid nucleus of sperm can enter the ovum and fuse with nucleus. b Breakdown of
membranes 1m decreases the diffusion distance. 1m
Presence of villi 1m provides large surface area for exchange. 1m
Slow movement of blood at exchange surfaces 1m allows more time for exchange of
materials. 1m
Transport proteins present 1m for active transport of ions 1m
Blood circulating in placenta 1m maintains the concentration gradient. 1m
(3m for features, 3m for reasons)
Reading to learn (p. 13-44)

1 Condoms (1) and vasectomy (1)
2 Both vasectomy and IVD prevent the transfer of sperm to the female body. (1)
However, contraception achieved by IVD is reversible while vasectomy is permanent. (1)
3 Testes (1)
Testes are the organs which produce male sex hormone. (1)

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Suggested answers

Short questions (p. 13-40)

18 a i umbilical cord (1)

Structured questions (p. 13-41)

20 HKCEE Biology 1995 I Q1c

21 HKCEE Biology 2006 I Q7

Total: 10+ 1 marks

Reading to learn (p. 13-44)

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