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BIOLOGY – Assignment
Chapter : Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production & Microbes in Human Welfare

1. Pure line breed refers to 10. Statins are obtained from

1) Heterozygosity only 1) Streptococcus 2) Mucor Javanicus
2) Homozygosity only 3) Monascus purpureus
3) Heterozygosity and linkage 4) Clostridium butyricum
4) Homozygosity and self-assortment 11. The term ‘aquaculture’ means
2. Himgiri developed by hybridisation and selection for 1) Aspergillosis 2) Inland fisheries
disease resistance against rust pathogens is a 3) Marine fisheries 4) Both 2 & 3
variety of 12. Breeding crops for improved nutritional quality is
1) Chilli 2) Maize referred to as
3) Sugarcane 4) Wheat 1) Biomagnification 2) Biome
3) Biofortification 4) Biomining
3. By which of the following methods, new and better
varieties of plants can be formed 13. Green revolution in India was possible due to
1) Selection 2) Grafting 1) Better irrigation, fertilizers and pesticide
3) Hybridization facilities
4) Hybridization followed by selection 2) Exploitation of high yielding varieties
3) Intensive cultivation
4. Cross between unrelated group of organisms is
4) All of the above
called
1) Hybridisation 2) Test cross 14. 33 percent of India’s GDP (Gross Domestic
3) Back cross 4) Heterosis Product) comes from
1) Industry 2) Agriculture
5. Desired improved varieties of economically useful
3) Export
crops are raised by
4) Small-scale cottage industries
1) Migration 2) Biofertilizer
3) Hybridization 4) Natural selection 15. Hisardale is a new breed of ___A____ developed
in Punjab by crossing ___B___ and ___C___.
6. The latest method in plant disease control is Here A to C refers to
1) Chemical control 1) A–sheep, B–Bikaneri ewes, C–Marino rams
2) Biological control 2) A–chicken, B–Dorking, C–Sussex
3) Use of fertilizers 3) A–chicken, B–leghorn, C–Plymouth rock
4) Use of disease resistant varieties 4) A–cow, B–Jersy, C–Brown swis
7. Domestication of honey bees is called 16. India’s wheat yield revolution in the 1960s was
1) Sericulture 2) Apiculture possible primarily due to
3) Horticulture 4) Pisciculture 1) Increased chlorophyll content.
2) Semi dwarf verities
8. When breeding is between animals of the same
breed it is called ______________, while crosses 3) Quantitative trait mutations.
between different breeds are called __________. 4) Hybrid seeds.
1) Out-breeding; inbreeding 17. Emasculation is a part of
2) Inbreeding; out-breeding 1) Clonal selection 2) Mass selection
3) Out breeding; cross-breeding 3) Hybridization 4) Pure line selection
4) Cross-breeding; inbreeding 18. Which of the following is not used for crop
9. Yogurt and buttermilk are produced with the use of improvement?
1) Saccharomyces 2) Penicillium 1) Inbreeding 2) Introduction
3) Lactobacillus 4) Aspergillus 3) Hybridization 4) Mutations

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 2 Biology Assignment
19. Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are varieties of 3) Homozygous diploid plants
1) Wheat 2) Rice 4) Development of new species
3) Millet 4) Tobacco
30. Which of the following variety of wheat, having a
20. In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection high protein content, has been used as a donor for
(of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for improving cultivated wheat?
all genes in a given crop is called 1) Himgiri 2) Atlas 66
1) Cross-hybridisation among the selected 3) Sonalika 4) Kalyan Sona
parents.
31. High yielding rice varieties which were developed in
2) Evaluation and selection of parents.
India, are
3) Germplasm collection
1) IR - 8, Ratna 2) IR - 36, IR - 8
4) Selection of superior recombinants.
3) Ratna, Jaya
21. In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue 4) More than one option is correct
culture the best method is
1) Embryo rescue 2) Anther culture 32. Match the Column I with Column II.
3) Meristem culture 4) Protoplast culture Column I Column II

22. Protoplasts of two different species are fused in A Atlas 66 (i) Mustard
1) Micropropagation 2) Somatic hybridization B Pusa Gaurav (ii) Flat bean
3) Clonal propagation 4) Organography C Pusa Sawani (iii) Wheat
23. The technique of obtaining large number of D Pusa sem 3 (iv) Bhindi
plantlets by tissue culture method is called 1) A – (i), B – (iii), C – (iv), D – (ii)
1) Micropropagation 2) Macropropagation 2) A – (iii), B – (i), C – (ii), D – (iv)
3) Plantlet culture 4) Organ culture 3) A – (iii), B – (i), C – (iv), D – (ii)
24. A collection of all the alleles of all the genes of a 4) A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (i)
crop plant is called
33. The IARI, New Delhi has released vitamin C enriched
1) Germplasm collection
1) Spinach and bathua
2) Protoplasm collection
2) Bittergourd and mustard
3) Herbarium 4) Somaclonal collection
3) Carrots and pumpkin
25. Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by
4) Lablab and broad bean
1) Only bacterial cells
2) Only gymnosperm cells 34. Source of carbon and energy in a tissue culture
3) All plant cells 4) All eukaryotic cells medium is generally
26. Which of the following is most commonly used for 1) Sucrose 2) Glycine
creation of genetic variation? 3) Vitamins 4) Agar
1) Polyploidy 2) Hybridisation
3) Mutation 4) Genetic engineering 35. Resistance to YMV and powdery mildew was
induced by _______ in mung bean.
27. Hardening in tissue culture is 1) Mutation breeding 2) Mass selection
1) Keeping at 30-50°C temperature for about 30 3) Hybridisation 4) Tissue culture
minutes
2) Acclimatisation of tissue culture plants slowly 36. Single cell protein can be obtained from
before growing in the field 1) Unicellular organisms
3) Plunging the vials into water at 37-40°C 2) Plants
4) None of the above 3) Animals 4) None of these
37. The root of any genetic breeding programme is
28. Somaclones are obtained by
1) Cross hybridisation among the selected parents
1) Plant breeding 2) Irradiation
2) Selection and testing of superior recombinants
3) Genetic engineering 4) Tissue culture
3) Testing, release and commercialisation of new
29. Tissue culture technique can produce infinite cultivars
number of new plants from a small parental tissue. 4) Genetic variability
The economic importance of the technique is in 38. Mark the correct one
raising
1) Saccharum barberi was originally grown in
1) Variants through picking up somaclonal South India
variations
2) S. officinarum had thin stem
2) Genetically uniform clones identical to the
original parent 3) S. officinarum had higher sugar content
4) S. barberi had higher sugar content and yield
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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 3 Biology Assignment
39. Hidden hunger can be defined a 48. Bacterial blight resistant variety of cowpea is
1) Majority people are unable to buy enough 1) Pusa komal
fruits, vegetabies, legumes, fish and meat and 2) Himgiri
thus suffer from deficiency 3) Karan rai
2) People are unable to buy healthy drink item 4) Pusa snowball K-1
and thus suffer from deficiency
3) People are unable to buy vitamin and minerals 49. MOET is a programme for
medicines and thus suffer from deficiency 1) Cattle improvement
4) All of the above 2) Fishery improvement
40. 250 g of Methylophilus methylotropus can produce 3) Apiculture imprisonment
about 4) Sericulture improvement
1) 5 tonnes protein 2) 5 tonnes protein
50. Artificial insemination is practiced in all the
3) 20 tonnes protein 4) 25 tonnes protein
following animals except
41. Atlas 66 is a variety of Wheat rich in ____ content. 1) Goats 2) Cow 3) Poultry 4) Buffalo
1) DNA 2) RNA
51. Match the following (w.r.t. resistance to pests and
3) Protein 4) All the above
diseases)
42. Objective of plant breeding is not only to increase Column I Column II
crop yield rather it also aims for introduction of
disease resistance. Which of the following crop is A. Pusa Shubhra (i) Hill bunt
made resistant to stem borers by low nitrogen and B Himgiri (ii) Aphids
sugar content and high aspartic acid?
C Pusa Swarnim (iii) Black rot
1) Cotton 2) Maize 3) Wheat 4) Rice
D Pusa Gaurav (iv) White rust
43. Plant breeding is branch of biology concerned with
developing superior varieties having 1) A – (iv), B – (i), C – (ii), D – (iii)
1) Disease resistance 2) A – (iii), B – (i), C – (iv), D – (ii)
2) Higher yield 3) A – (iii), B – (i), C – (ii), D – (iv)
3) Improved nutrient quality 4) A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (iii)
4) All of these
52. Which of the statements about breeding is wrong?
44. The conventional method of breeding for disease 1) By inbreeding purelines cannot be evolved
resistance is 2) Continued inbreeding, especially close
1) Hybridisation 2) Mutation inbreeding reduces fertility and productivity
3) Selection 4) Both 1 & 3 3) Cross-breeding allows desirable qualities of
45. If we were to list the traits that the breeders have two different breeds to be combined
tried to incorporate into crop plants, the first would 4) Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes
be that are eliminated by selection
1) Resistance to pathogens 53. Organic acid firstly produced through fermentation
2) Tolerance to high salinity is
3) Increased crop yield 1) Propionic acid 2) Lactic acid
4) Increased tolerance to insects, pests and 3) Citric acid 4) Oxalic acid
extreme temperature
54. The first antibiotic to be isolated was
46. Pusa Sadabahar variety of chilli was produced for
resistance against 1) Terramycin 2) Streptomycin
1) Hill bunt 2) Curl blight black rot 3) Neomycin 4) Penicillin
3) TMV, leaf curl and CMV 55. In cheese manufacture, the micro-organisms are
4) White rust used for
1) The souring of milk only
47. Select the correct statement
2) The ripening only
1) Inbreeding depression is the result of
3) Development of resistance to spoilage
continuous mating of related individuals of
different species breed for 10-12 generations 4) Both 1 & 2
2) Inbreeding depression is the result of 56. Roquefort cheese is produced with the help of
continuous mating of individuals of different 1) Yeast 2) Rhizopus nigricans
breeds 3) Aspergillus niger 4) Penicillium roquefortii
3) Only interspecific hybridization helps to
overcome inbreeding depression 57. Acetic acid is produced with the help of
4) A single outcross often helps to overcome 1) Albugo species 2) Acetobacter species
inbreeding depression 3) Aspergillus species 4) Lactobacillus species

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 4 Biology Assignment
58. Given below is the flowchart of sewage treatment 67. What are the advantage of gobar gas over
Identify A, B, C and D and select the correct option conventional utilization?
1) More efficient source of energy
Primary Sludge 2) Used as good fertilizer
Primary Treatment 3) Reduces the chances of spreading of
Secondary
Effluent  
 Large pathogens
treatment
aeration tank 4) All of the above
68. Baculoviruses are excellent candidates for
A
1) Species-specific narrow spectrum pesticidal
Biogas
Se dim entation
applications.
formation D C   B Flocs
2) Species-specific broad spectrum pesticidal
applications.
1) A – Mechanical agitation; B – Increased BOD 3) Species-specific narrow spectrum insecticidal
C – Activated sludge; D – Aerobic sludge applications.
digesters 4) Species-specific broad spectrum insecticidal
2) A – Mechanical agitation; B – Reduced BOD applications.
C – Activated sludge; D – Anaerobic sludge 69. Parbhani kranti is a variety of ________ and shows
digesters resistant to ________.
3) A – Microbial digestion; B – Activated sludge 1) Cauliflower, Mycoplasma
C – Reduced BOD; D – Anaerobic sludge 2) Flat bean, Aphids
digesters 3) Bhindi Yellow mosaic virus
4) A – Microbial digestion; B – mechanical 4) A. esculentus, Leaf curl virus
agitation, C – Reduced BOD; D – Aerobic
sludge digesters 70. Match the microbes in column I with their
commercial/industrial products in column II and
59. Glucose fermentation by Yeast yields choose the correct answer.
1) Ethanol + CO2 2) ethanol + H2O
Column I Column II
3) Methanol + CO2 4) H2O + CO2

60. Sewage purification is done by A Aspergillus niger (i) Ethanol

1) Microbes 2) Fertilizers B Clostridium butylicum (ii) Statins
3) Antibiotics 4) Antiseptics
C Saccharomyces cerevisiae (iii) Citric acid
61. Select odd one w.r.t. biofertilizer
1) Aulosira 2) Anabaena D Trichoderma polysporum (iv) Butyric acid
3) Glomus 4) Lactobacillus
E Monascus purpureus (v) Cyclosporin A
62. The solids which settle after primary treatment of
sewage are called 1) A – (iv); B – (v); C – (ii); D – (i); E – (iii)
1) Primary sludge 2) Activated sludge 2) A – (v); B – (iv); C – (i); D – (ii); E – (iii)
3) Flocs 4) Total solids 3) A – (iii); B – (iv); C – (i); D – (v); E – (ii)
63. BOD refers to 4) A – (iii); B – (iv); C – (v); D – (i); E – (ii)
1) Bacteria Oxygen Demand
71. Flemming, Chain and Florey were awarded the
2) Biochemical Oxygen Demand Nobel Prize in 1945 for the discovery of
3) Biochemical Operation Demand 1) HIV 2) CT scan
4) Biological Organism Demand 3) Penicillin 4) Staphylococcus
64. A common biocontrol agent for the control of plant
diseases is 72. The ‘clot buster’ produced by Streptococcus and
modified by genetic engineering is
1) Baculovirus 2) Bacillus thuringiensis
1) Streptokinase
3) Glomus 4) Trichoderma
2) Penicillin
65. Biofertilizers include 3) Strepsils
1) Nitrogen fixing bacteria 4) Cyclosporin A
2) Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
3) Both bacteria and cyanobacteria 73. Methanogens convert
4) Bacteria, cyanobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi 1) Methyl alcohol into methane
2) Formic acid into methane
66. Biogas can be a good substitute for
3) Acetic acid into methane
1) Fuel wood 2) Petroleum and oil
4) All of the above
3) Coal 4) Charcoal

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 5 Biology Assignment
74. Mycorrhiza promotes plant growth by 83. Which of the following biological agent can be used
1) Serving as plant growth regulator. for the control of insects?
2) Absorbing inorganic ions from soil. 1) Nucleopolyhedrovirus/NPV
3) Helping the plant in using atmospheric 2) Phytophthora palmivora
nitrogen. 3) Cactoblastis 4) Monascus
4) Protecting the plant from infection.
84. Which of the following serves as an important
biofertiliser in paddy fields?
75. Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful
microorganism as 1) Cyanobacteria/BGA
1) Bioremediation of contaminated soils 2) Fungi
2) Reclamation of wastelands 3) Rhizobium 4) VAM
3) Gene transfer in higher plants 85. Statins are used to inhibit enzyme
4) Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens 1) Lactase 2) Glucoisomerase
3) Streptokinase 4) HMGCoA reductase
76. Which one of the following is an example of
carrying out biological control of pests/diseases 86. IPM stands for
using microbes? 1) Intrinsic mitochondrial proteins
1) Trichoderma sp. against certain plant 2) Inner layer of plasma membrane
pathogens 3) Internal photorespiratory metabolism
2) Nucleopolyhedrovirus against white rust in 4) Integrated Pest Management
Brassica
87. The puffed up appearance of dough, which is
3) Bt - cotton to increase cotton yield by avoiding used for making foods such as dosa and idli is
bollworm
due to
4) Lady bird beetle against aphids in mustard
1) Invertase
2) CO2 gas produced during fermentation
77. Which one of the following is not true about
antibiotics? 3) Methyl alcohol
1) First antibiotic was discovered by Alexander 4) Lactic acid
Flemming.
88. The agriculture sector of India employs
2) The term ‘antibiotic’ was coined by
1) 60 % of the population.
S. Waksman in 1942.
3) Some persons can be allergic to a particular 2) 70 % of the population.
antibiotic. 3) 30 % of the population.
4) Each antibiotic is effective only against one 4) 62 % of the population.
particular kind of germ.
89. The Bacteria used for the commercial production of
78. The amount of oxygen required by the microbes in SCP is
the decomposition of organic matter is called 1) Pentadiplandra brazzeana
1) Chemical oxygen demand 2) Fusarium graminearum
2) Biochemical oxygen demand 3) Brassica napus
3) Total oxygen demand 4) Methylophilus methylotropus
4) Dissolve oxygen
90. The given figure represents a typical biogas plant.
79. The technology of biogas production was Select the correct option for A, B and C
developed in India mainly due to the efforts of respectively
1) IARI and KVIC 2) ICAR and IVRI
3) RRI and ICAR 4) IRRI and KVIC

80. Activated sludge acts as inoculum in

1) Primary treatment
2) Secondary treatment
3) Tertiary treatment 4) All of these

81. Bottle juices are clarified by the use of

1) Pectinases 2) Lipases
1) A is the inlet for cattle dung
3) Xylanases 4) Both 1 & 2
2) C is the outlet for the release of biogas
82. Select the odd one w.r.t. component of biogas 3) B is the chamber which contains leftover slurry
1) CH4 2) CO2 4) All of these
3) H2 4) SO2
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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 6 Biology Assignment

ANSWER KEY
1. (2) 11. (4) 21. (3) 31. (3) 41. (3) 51. (2) 61. (4) 71. (3) 81. (1)
2. (4) 12. (3) 22. (2) 32. (3) 42. (2) 52. (1) 62. (1) 72. (1) 82. (4)
3. (4) 13. (4) 23. (1) 33. (2) 43. (4) 53. (2) 63. (2) 73. (4) 83. (1)
4. (1) 14. (2) 24. (1) 34. (1) 44. (4) 54. (4) 64. (4) 74. (2) 84. (1)
5. (3) 15. (1) 25. (3) 35. (1) 45. (3) 55. (4) 65. (4) 75. (4) 85. (4)
6. (4) 16. (2) 26. (2) 36. (1) 46. (3) 56. (4) 66. (1) 76. (1) 86. (4)
7. (2) 17. (3) 27. (2) 37. (4) 47. (4) 57. (2) 67. (4) 77. (4) 87. (2)
8. (2) 18. (1) 28. (4) 38. (3) 48. (1) 58. (2) 68. (3) 78. (2) 88. (4)
9. (3) 19. (1) 29. (2) 39. (1) 49. (1) 59. (1) 69. (3) 79. (1) 89. (4)
10. (3) 20. (3) 30. (2) 40. (4) 50. (3) 60. (1) 70. (3) 80. (2) 90. (1)

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. Answer: (2) 15. Answer: (1)
Sol. Genes by an individual Sol. It is a cross breeding technique where superior
2. Answer: (4) males of one breed are mated with superior
Sol. ‘Himgiri’ developed by hybridisation and selection for females of another breed. It allows the desirable
disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety qualities of two different breeds to be combined.
of wheat. It is resistant to leaf/stripe rust and hill bunt. 16. Answer: (2)
3. Answer: (4) Sol. Wheat yield revolution possible by semi dwarf varieties
Sol. New and better varieties of plants formed by 17. Answer: (3)
Hybridisation and selection Sol. Promote cross pollination and avoid self pollination
4. Answer: (1) 18. Answer: (1)
Sol. Interbreeding between individuals of different species Sol. Breeding of individuals
5. Answer: (3) 19. Answer: (1)
Sol. Hybridisation used as improved desired varieties Sol. In 1963 several varieties of sonalica, kalyam sona
6. Answer: (4) high yield disease resistance
Sol. In plant disease control by use of disease resistant 20. Answer: (3)
crops Sol. Germplasm collection is the first step of plant
7. Answer: (2) breeding programmes. genetic variability is the root of
Sol. The maintenance of bee colonies in man made any breeding programme. In many crops pre-existing
8. Answer: (2) genetic variability is available from wild relatives of the
Sol. When breeding is between animals of the same crop. Collection and preservation of all the different
breed it is called inbreeding which is for 4 - 6 wild varieties, species and relatives of the cultivated
generation, while crosses between different breeds species (followed by their characteristics) is a pre
are called outbreeding. requisite for effective exploitation of natural genes
available in the population.
9. Answer: (3)
21. Answer: (3)
Sol. Lactobacillus is Lactic acid bacteria group
Sol. Meristem culture is done for the development of
10. Answer: (3)
virus free plants. Meristematic tissue cell can be
Sol. Statins are low blood cholesterol agent taken either from shoot or root tip.
11. Answer: (4) 22. Answer: (2)
Sol. The term ‘aquaculture’ refers to the systematic Sol. The manipulation of cellular genomes by protoplast fusion
method of cultivation of aquatic organisms to obtain
23. Answer: (1)
maximum yield of best quality. It includes
‘pisciculture’ (fish farming) both inland and marine. Sol. With in short place, short period to produce large
number of plant lets
12. Answer: (3)
24. Answer: (1)
Sol. Biofortification is the most practical aspect to
improve the health of people and is undertaken for Sol. Collection of all the alleles of all the genes
improved nutritional quality of the plants by the 25. Answer: (3)
breeding of crops with higher levels of vitamins and Sol. Cellular totipotency is exhibited only by plant cells
minerals or higher protein and healthier fats. where in the plant cells retain the ability to
13. Answer: (4) reactivate and form the new dividing cells.
Sol. Better irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides facilities, 26. Answer: (2)
high yielding varieties Sol. Creation of genetic variation by hybridisation
14. Answer: (2) 27. Answer: (2)
Sol. Agriculture is producing food feed, fiber by Sol. The acclimatisation of plant formed by tissue
cultivation of plants culture before growing in the field to make it strong
to adapt in new environment.

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 7 Biology Assignment
28. Answer: (4) and Zinc increases the risk of disease, reduces like
Sol. Genetic variation present among plant cells during span and reduce mental abilities.
tissue culture is called somaclonal variation. The term 40. Answer: (4)
somaclonal variation is also used for the genetic Sol. It has high rate of biomass production and growth
variation present in plants regenerated from a single 41. Answer: (3)
culture. This variation has been used to develop Sol. It has been used as a donor for improving
several useful varieties against resistance to diseases cultivated wheat.
and pests, better yield, better quality etc. 42. Answer: (2)
29. Answer: (2) Sol. Maize crop is resistant to stem borers by low
Sol. The method of producing thousands of plants nitrogen
through tissue culture is called micro-propagation. 43. Answer: (4)
Each of these plants will be genetically identical to Sol. Plant breedings used for disease resistance, high
the original plant from which they were grown, i.e., yield, improved nutrient–quality
they are somaclones. Many important food plants 44. Answer: (4)
like tomato, banana, apple have been produced on Sol. Selecting genetic variability and crossing 2 varieties
commercial scale using this method. with desirable characters is the main step in
30. Answer: (2) convention technique
Sol. Wheat variety atlas 66 having high protein 45. Answer: (3)
31. Answer: (3) Sol. Increased food production is the central theme of
Sol. Semi–dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR–8 and plant breeding
Taichung native–1. The derivatives were introduced 46. Answer: (3)
in 1966. Later better yielding semi–dwarf varieties Sol. Pusasadabhar of chilli resistance against to chilly
jaya & ratna were developed in India. mosalic virus, TMV, leaf curl
32. Answer: (3) 47. Answer: (4)
Sol. Atlas –66 is a wheat variety having a high protein Sol. Out crossing is the practice of mating animals
content has been used as a donor for improving within the same breed, but having non common
cultivated wheat. ancestors on either side of their pedigree upto 4–6
Pusa gourav – resistant against aphids generations
Pusa Sawani – resistant shoot and fruit bores 48. Answer: (1)
Pusa sem3 – resistant against jassids, aphids & Sol. Himgiri (wheat) is made resistant to leaf and strip
fruit borer. rust, hillbunt. Karan rai (pusa swarnim ) is resistant
33. Answer: (2) to white rust. Pusa snowball K–1 is cauliflower
Sol. Vitamin A and iron and calcium enriched spinach. resistant to black rot and curl blight black rot.
Vitamin C and iron & calcium enriched bathua. 49. Answer: (1)
Vitamin A enrich carrots and pumpkin Sol. Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technique. Here
Protein enriched broad beans and lablab cow is administered with FSH and other hormones
34. Answer: (1) to induce more ova and fertilize them. At 8–32 cell
Sol. Nutrient medium for tissue culture should consists stage recovered and transferred to surrogate cows.
of a carbon source such as sucrose including So that desirable calfs are born in them.
inorganic salts, vitamins, aminoacids and auxins, 50. Answer: (3)
cytokinins etc. Sol. =Poultry is without artificial insemination
35. Answer: (1) 51. Answer: (2)
Sol. Mutation is the process by which genetic variation Sol. Pusashubhra → Black rot, Himgiri → Hill bunt,
are created through changes in the base sequence pusaswarnim → Whiterust pusagaurave → Aphids
within genes 52. Answer: (1)
36. Answer: (1) Sol. Inbreeding is mating of individuals closely related
Sol. Microbes like spirulina, methylophilus by ancestry. Inbreeding is used in developing pure
methylotrophus, mushrooms can be consumed as lines or homozygous lines.
food because of rich nutrition. 53. Answer: (2)
37. Answer: (4) Sol. Lactic acid is first organic acid in fermentation process
Sol. Genetic variability studies help in knowing different 54. Answer: (4)
distinguishable characters and helps in selecting Sol. It is a first antibiotic obtain from penicilliumnotatum
the best among them. It includes germplasm collection 55. Answer: (4)
38. Answer: (3) Sol. Lactic acid bacteria help in souring milk. Ripening
Sol. Saccharum barberi was originally grown in north of cheese is done by bacteria (Propionibacterium
India, but had poor sugar content and yield. shermanii) or moulds (Penicillium roqueforti).
Saccharum officinarum had thicker stems and 56. Answer: (4)
higher sugar content but did not grow well in north Sol. Roquefort cheese is produced with the help
India. These two were crossed to obtain a variety Penicillium roquefortii.
having desirable characters to grow in north India
57. Answer: (2)
and having good quality.
Sol. The bacterium, Acetobacter aceti is used for the
39. Answer: (1)
production of acetic acid in industries. It is mainly
Sol. Three billion people suffer from micronutrients, used in pharmaceutical industries, colouring agent,
protein and vitamin deficiencies. Diet lacking insecticides and plastics.
essential micronutrient like Iron, vitamins A, Iodine

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 8 Biology Assignment
58. Answer: (2) Sol. Certain bacteria, which grow an aerobically on
Sol. Diagram cellulosic material produce large amount of
59. Answer: (1) methane along with CO2 and H2, called
Sol. Yeast is the unicellular fungi in anaerobic process methanogens and one such common bacterium is
to produce ethanol + CO2 Methanobacterium.
60. Answer: (1) 74. Answer: (2)
Sol. Sewage treatment by biological treatment by microbes Sol. Fungi form symbiotic associations with plants
61. Answer: (4) (mycorrhiza). Many members of the genus Glomus
Sol. Lactobacillus is present in milk form mycorrhiza. The fungal symbiont in these
62. Answer: (1) associations absorbs phosphorus from soil and
Sol. Primary treatment involves physical removal of passes it to the plant.
particles from the sewage through filtration and 75. Answer: (4)
sedimentation. All solids that settle form the Sol. Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful
primary sludge and the supernatant forms the microorganism for biological control of soil borne
primary effluent. The effluent from the primary plant pathogens. Trichoderma harzianum is a
settling tank is taken for secondary treatment. fungus that is also used as a fungicide. It is used
63. Answer: (2) for foliar application, seed treatment and soil
treatment for suppression of various disease
Sol. BOD refers to the amount of oxygen that would be
causing fungal pathogens.
consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of
waste water were oxidised by bacteria. This is a 76. Answer: (1)
measure of the organic matter present in the waste Sol. Trichoderma is fungi to control plant disease
water. The greater is the BOD, more is its polluting 77. Answer: (4)
potential. Flocs are masses of bacteria associated. Sol. Antibiotics is effective only against all kind of germ
With fungal filaments to form mesh like structures. 78. Answer: (2)
64. Answer: (4) Sol. BOD is decomposition of organic matter required
Sol. A common biocontrol agent for control of plant oxygen by microbes
diseases is Trichoderma. Trichoderma is a free 79. Answer: (1)
living fungus that exert biocontrol over several plant Sol. IARI and KVIC used in development of Biogas
pathogens for the control of plant diseases. It is the production in India
natural method of pest and pathogen control. 80. Answer: (2)
65. Answer: (4) Sol. Activated sludge contains bacterial flocs which is a
Sol. Biofertilizers are of three types: nitrogen fixing starting culture. It is even used to produce biogas.
bacteria, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria and mycorrhiza 81. Answer: (1)
66. Answer: (1) Sol. Pectinases dissolve cell walls of the pulpy tissues
Sol. It is firewood which makes fruit juice clearer.
67. Answer: (4) 82. Answer: (4)
Sol. Gobar gas used for source of energy, good Sol. CO2, CH4, H2 and H2S are major gases.
fertilizer, reducing pathogens 83. Answer: (1)
68. Answer: (3) Sol. Genes nucleopolyhedrovirus includes
Sol. Baculo viruses are species–specific narrow Baculoviruses. Which are species specific, narrow
spectrum insecticidal applications spectrum insecticidal and non–pathogenic on non–
69. Answer: (3) target insects.
Sol. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus in behind 84. Answer: (1)
(Abelmoschus esculentus) was transferred from a Sol. Blue green algae are autotrophs widely grown in
wild species and resulted in a new variety called paddy fields which fix atmospheric nitrogen and
parbhani kranthi. also add organic matter.
70. Answer: (3) 85. Answer: (4)
Sol. Matching Sol. HMG – CoA reductase is needed for cholesterol
71. Answer: (3) synthesis
Sol. The best-known discoveries of Flemming are the 86. Answer: (4)
discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the Sol. Beneficial insects are being conserved
antibiotic substance penicillin from the mold 87. Answer: (2)
Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared Sol. The puffed up appearance of dough the production
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 of large amount of CO2
with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain. 88. Answer: (4)
72. Answer: (1) Sol. 62% of population are agriculture sector of India
Sol. Streptokinase (tissue plasminogen activator) is an employs
enzyme obtained from the culture of some 89. Answer: (4)
haemolytic bacterium Streptococcus which is Sol. Methylophillus methylotrophs is a bacteria to
modified genetically to function as clot buster. produce single cell protein
Therefore, it helps in clearing blood clots inside the 90. Answer: (1)
blood vessels through dissolution of intravascular Sol. B is gas holder C is outlet for sludge/Slurry below B
fibrin during myocardial infarction. is digester.
73. Answer: (4)

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