Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

5 Column subjected to combined compression and

bi-axial bending

5.1 Scope

Design of a Hot Rolled Hollow Section in to resist the compression IS Code

and bending about both the axes shown in Figure Cl. Ref.

P Mz My

3000 B
mm y

D z z

y
P Major axis Minor axis
Figure 5.1

5.2 Design Force and Moments at Ultimate Limit State

Column
Design Axial Compressive Force, P = 187.62 kN Load data
from STAAD
Design Moment about z-z axis (major axis) Mz at Bottom = 47.59 kN-m analysis
Mz at Top = -61.41 kN-m
Design Moment about y-y axis (minor axis) My at Bottom = 13.88 kN-m
My at Top = -26.7 kN-m
Total Length of Column Lz = 3m
Ly = 3m
Effective Length of Column KLz = 1.2x 3 = 3.6 m Table 11
KLy = 1.2 x 3 = 3.6 m Cl. 7.2.2
(Assuming one end restrained in translation and rotation, other end retrained IS 800-2007
in translation but free under rotation)
 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending
5.3 Selection of suitable section

Plastic Section modulus, Zp,reqd = M x mo = 61.41x 10^6 x1.1= 217906 mm3
fy 310

Section Proposed SHS220x220x8 @51.97 Kg/m

Type of Section: Hot rolled Cold formed

5.3.1 Section Properties

Depth of section h= 220 mm

Width of section bf = 220 mm
Flange thickness tf = 8 mm
Web thickness tw = 8 mm
Weight of section w= 51.97 Kg/m
2
Area A= 6619.2 mm
Moment of Inertia in z-z direction Izz = 48949887 mm4
4
Moment of Inertia in y-y direction Iyy = 48949888 mm
Elastic Modulus in z-z direction Zzz = 444999.0 mm3
3
Elastic Modulus in y-y direction Zyy = 444999.0 mm
Radious of gyration (z-z ) rzz = 86.0 mm
Radious of gyration (y-y ) ryy = 86.0 mm
Plastic Modulus in z-z direction Zpz = 521702 mm3
Plastic Modulus in y-y direction Zpy = 521702 mm3
.
5.3.2 Material Propreties
2
Yield Strength of material fy = 310 N/mm Table 3,
2
Ultimate Strength of material fu = 450 N/mm IS 4923: 1998
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel E = 200000 N/mm2 Cl. 2.2.4.1
2
Shear Modulus G = 76900 N/mm IS 800-2007
Poisson's ratio of Steel µ = 0.3
 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

5.4 Partial Safety factors for Resistance

Yield Strength γmo = 1.1 Table 5

Buckling Strength γmo = 1.1 (Cl 5.4.1)
Ultimate Strength γm1 = 1.25 IS 800:2007
Bolt Shop Fabrication γmf = 1.25
Field Fabrication γmf = 1.25
Weld Shop Weld γmw = 1.25
Field Weld γmw = 1.5

5.5 Cross Section Classification

b= 220-2x8= 204 mm Figure 2

d = 220-2x8= 204 mm &
ε = (250 / 310 ) = 0.90
Table 2
b/tf 25.5 < 29.3ε IS 800:2007
Flange is Plastic
d/tw 25.5 < 84ε
Web is Plastic
The section is Plastic & Class 1

5.6 Resistance of Section to Combined Yielding

(Bending and axial force)

Factored Axial Load, N= 187.6 kN

Axial Strength for Yielding, Nd = Ag.fy /γmo Cl 9.3.1.1
Nd = 6619.2 x 310 / (1.1x 1000) = 1865.4 kN
Therefore, n = N/Nd = 0.101 and
For hollow secton aw = (A-2b.tf) / A ≤ 0.5 Cl 9.3.1.2
af = (A-2h.tw) / A ≤ 0.5 IS 800: 2007
aw = (A-2b.tf) / A = (6619.2-2 x204 x8)/ 6619.2 = 1.00 > 0.5
Therefore, aw = 0.5
af = (A-2h.tw) / A = (6619.2-2x 220 x8)/ 6619.2 = 0.47 < 0.5
Therefore, af = 0.47
 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

For Plastic Section βb = 1

Mdz = βbZpzfy/γmo = 1x521702.2x310/(1.1x10^6 ) = 147.0 kN-m Cl 8.2.1.2

Mdy = βbZpyfy/γmo = 1x521702.2x310/(1.1x 10^6 ) = 147.0 kN-m IS 800: 2007

Mndz = Mdz (1 - n ) (1 - 0.5aw ) ≤ Mdz Cl 9.3.1.2 (d)

Mndy = Mdy (1 - n ) (1 - 0.5af ) ≤ Mdy

Hence Mndz = 147.03 x (1-0.101) x ( 1 -0.5 x 0.5) = 99.1 kN-m

< 147.0 kN-m
Mndy = 147.03 x (1-0.101) x ( 1 -0.5 x 0.47) = 101.1 kN-m
< 147.0 kN-m
For safety against overall yeilding the following equation need to be satisfied.

 My 
1 2 Cl 9.3.1.1
 Mz 
      1 .0 IS 800: 2007
M 
 ndy   M ndz 

For Rectangular tubes (SHS/RHS) α1 = α2 = 1 . 66 Table 17

 6
(1  1 . 13 n 2 ) IS 800: 2007
α1 = α2 = = 1.66/(1-1.13 x0.101^2) = 1.680 < 6
Therefore,
1  2
 M y   M z 
     
 M 
 ndy   M ndz 
= (26.7 / 101.12)^1.68+ (61.41 / 99.14)^1.68 = 0.107 + 0.448 = 0.55 < 1
Alternatively, My
N Mz
  1
Nd M dz M dy
Cl 9.3.1.1
Therefore,

N M z M y
  
Nd M dz M dy

= (187.62 / 1865.42)+ (61.41 / 147.03)+(26.7/147.03 ) = 0.70 < 1

Section is safe against yeilding to Combined compression and bending.

 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

5.7 Buckling Resistance of member

(Combined Bending and axial compression)

(i) Determination of Axial Forces Pdz, Pdy

Effective slenderness ration in each axis

KLz / rz = 41.9 and KLy / ry = 41.9 Cl 7.1.2.1

Therefore, non-dimensional slenderness ratio about the two axes are, IS 800: 2007

λz = { fy (KLz/rz)2 / π2E }0.5 = {310 x 41.9^2 /(3.14^2 x200000)}^0.5

λz = 0.526

λy = ( fy (KLy/ry)2 / π2E )1/2 = {310 x 41.9)^2 /(3.14^2 x200000)}^0.5

λy = 0.526
For Hollow Section
Buckling class for buckling about axis z-z & y-y = a Table 10

Hence, αz = αy = 0.21 IS 800: 2007

Φ - values ----


  0 .5 1     0 .2    2 
Φz = 0.5 [ 1 +0.21 x (0.526 - 0.2 ) + 0.526^2 ] = 0.673 Cl 7.1.2.1
Φy = 0.5 [ 1 +0.21 x (0.526 - 0.2 ) + 0.526^2 ] = 0.673 IS 800: 2007

 - values ---- 1
  1
 1 .0
    
2 2
2

z = 0.916 and χy = 0.916

2
fcdz = χz .fy / γmo = 0.916 x 310 / 1.1 = 258.2 N/mm
2
fcdy = χy .fy / γmo = 0.916 x 310 / 1.1 = 258.2 N/mm
Pdz = Ag.fcdz =
6619.2 x 258.2 / 1.1 = 1212.64 kN Cl 7.1.2
Pdy = Ag.fcdy = 6619.2 x 258.2 / 1.1 = 1212.64 kN IS 800: 2007
 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

(ii) Determination of Mdz & Mdy

For Hollow Rectangular section, Resistance to lateral torsional

buckling need not to be checked separately.

Mdz = 147.03 kN-m

Mdy = 147.03 kN-m

The interaction equations to be satisfied are

P Cmy M y M
Check No. 1:  Ky  K LT z 1.0 Cl. 9.3.2.2
Pdy M dy M dz IS 800: 2007
Check No. 2: P Cmy M y C M
 0.6 K y  K z mz z 1.0
Pdz M dy M dz

(iii) Determination of C my , [Equivalent moment factor for bending

about z-z axis ] Table 18

ψz = Mz2/Mz1 = 47.59 / -61.41 = -0.775 IS 800: 2007

C my  0.6  0.4  0.4

C my = Max of (0.6 + 0.4 x -0.775 ) and 0.4

Max of 0.29 and 0.4

C my = 0.4

(iv) Determination of C mz , [Equivalent moment factor for bending

about y-y axis ]

ψy = My2 /My1 = 13.88 / -26.7 = -0.520

C mz  0 . 6  0 . 4  0 . 4

C mz = Max of (0.6 + 0.4 x -0.775 ) and 0.4

Max of 0.392 and 0.4
C mz = 0.4
 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

(v) Determination of CmLT, [Equivalent moment factor for bending

about z-z axis]

ψz = Mz2/Mz1 = 47.59 / -61.41 = -0.775

C mLT  0 . 6  0 . 4  0 . 4

C mLT = Max of (0.6 + 0.4 x -0.775 ) and 0.4

Max of 0.29 and 0.4
C mz = 0.4

(vi) Determination of K z , K y and K LT

Clause 9.3.2.2
IS 800: 2007
K y  1   y  0 . 2 n y  1  0 . 8 n y K z  1   z  0 .2 n z  1  0 .8 n z

0 . 1 LT n y 0 . 1n y
K LT  1   1
C mLT  0 . 25  C mLT  0 . 25 

ny = P / Pdy = =187.62/1212.64 = 0.155

nz = P / Pdz =
 z   1
=187.62/1212.64 = 0.155

Ky = 1+(0.526-0.2)x0.155 = 1.06

Kz = 1+(0.526-0.2)x0.155 = 1.06

LLT = 0.7 L As both flanges are restrained for SHS or RHS Section Cl. 8.2.2
LLT = 0.7 x 3000 = 2100 mm &
Table 15
0 .5
1 . 1 2
E   L / ry 
2
 IS 800: 2007
M  1  1  LT  
cr
L LT / ry  2



20  h f / r y 
 


hf = 220 -8 = 212 mm

2 0.5
1.1x3.142 x200000 1  2100/ 86  
M cr  1    
2100/ 86 2

 20  212/ 86  

Mcr = 8840.8 kN-m

 Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section

Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression

and bi-axial bending

 LT   b .Z pz . f y / M cr  1 . 2 Z ez . f y / M cr

λLT = Min of 1 x 521702.2 x 310 / (8840.8 x 10^6) = 0.01829

and and
1.2 x 444999 x 310 / (8840.8x10^6) = 0.01872

λLT = 0.019 < 0.4

KLT = Maxm. of 1-0.1x0.019x0.155/(0.4-0.25) or 1-0.1x0.155x (0.4- 0.25) Cl. 9.3.2.2

Maxm. of 0.999 or 0.998 IS 800: 2007

KLT = 0.999

Check No. 1:---

P C my M y Mz
Ky  K LT 
Pdy M dy M dz

0.155 + 1.06 x 0.4x26.7 / 147.03 + 0.999 x 61.41 / 147.03 = 0.65 < 1

Check No. 2:---

P C my M y C mz M z
 0 .6 K y Kz 
Pdz M dy M dz

= 0.155 + 0.6x1.06x0.4 x 26.7 / 147.03+1.06 x 0.4 x 61.41 / 147.03 = 0.21 < 1

Both creteria are met, therefore SHS220x220x8 in Yst 310 steel

is adequate against combined effects of buckling.