How To Experience God

How to Experience God
A Handbook for Evangelical Mystics
John Boruff
Foreword by Mark Virkler
Unless noted, all Bible quotes in this book are taken from
The Holy Bible, New International Version, © Interna-
tional Bible Society 1973, 1978, 1984. Used by permis-
sion.
Verses marked KJV are taken from the King James Ver-
sion of the Bible.
Verses marked NKJV are taken from The Holy Bible,

New King James Version, © Thomas Nelson, Inc. 1982.
Used by permission.
Verses marked RSV are taken from the Revised Standard

Version of the Bible, © Division of Christian Education
of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the
United States of America 1946, 1952. Used by permis-
sion.
Verses marked NCV are taken from The Holy Bible, New
Century Version, © Word Publishing 1987, 1988, 1991.
Used by permission.
John Boruff’s E-Mail: john-rebekah@hotmail.com
HOW TO EXPERIENCE GOD:

A HANDBOOK FOR EVANGELICAL MYSTICS
Copyright © 2009 by John Boruff
LifeTree Publishing
Dedicated to the glory of God
the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit:
in the Name of Jesus Christ our Lord.
CONTENTS
Foreword by Mark Virkler 5

My Statement of Faith 8
Introduction 12
PART 1: MYSTICAL PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES
1. Worship 38
2. Meditation 47
3. Contemplation 66
4. Spiritual Experiences 85
PART 2: EVANGELICAL MYSTICISM DEFENDED
5. Contemplative Bible Verses 218
6. Alvarez’s Defense of Contemplation 225
7. The History of Christian Mysticism 242
8. 50 of the Greatest Mystical Texts in Church History 267
9. Is Contemplative Prayer a Pagan Practice? 270

A Final Word 292
Further Reading 294
About the Author 340
Foreword 5
FOREWORD BY MARK VIRKLER
How to Experience God is a much needed book. It is a

thoughtful reflection on the place of “experiences” in the
Christian faith. Having come out of a religious belief that
our relationship with God and Jesus is largely cognitive,
John Boruff makes a case from Scripture and from church
history for ongoing direct encounter between God and
man. This book is written for the thinker, one who wants
to fully understand these “mystical” experiences.
Even the use of the word “mystical” is difficult for
many. Although Webster defines it as “the belief that di-
rect knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality
can be attained through subjective experience (as intui-
tion or insight)”—it is a word that most Evangelicals and
even most Charismatics shy away from as we are much
more inclined to gain our understanding of God through
our reason and the Bible, than we are through a direct en-
counter with Him. For some reason we believe our intel-
lect is more trustworthy than our actual experiences. You
know, experiences can lead you astray. However in my
journal, God said to me, “You can trust My voice in your
heart more than you can trust the reasoned theology of
your mind.” Wow! Do I dare believe this? Does the Bible
even support such an idea? Could you find one or several
verses that agree with this? Actually, when I looked I
found many verses which agreed with this. I bet you will
too if you search the Bible with an open heart.
So can we search with open hearts? What a chal-
lenge. With everything being filtered through my mind, I
6 How to Experience God
was not really open to heart responses at all. At one point

in my life, I could not even define what my heart or spirit
FELT like, and yet I was supposed to live and walk in the
Spirit! How in the world could I do that if I could not
even define the sensation? Evangelicalism has a 500 year
old history of making Christianity mainly a rational and
theological understanding about God, rather than an ac-
tual ongoing encounter with Him. In my early days as a
conservative Evangelical, I wrote off dreams, visions, the
voice of God, healings, tongues, and all the gifts of the
Holy Spirit. Actually any direct encounter with Almighty
God was considered suspect as it came through experi-
ences, rather than through my intellect. And I had been
taught to rely so much on my intellect. Well it is time for
everyone to take another look at the Scriptures and
church history and see what God Himself has to say
about direct ongoing spiritual encounters.
I believe if you do this with an open mind and not
through the lens of dispensationalism, you will be amazed
at what you will find. I was! This book will help you take
an open look at the Scriptures and church history. You
will explore intellectually what the Bible teaches about
worship, meditation, contemplation, and spiritual experi-
ences in general. I pray your heart will be open to hear
and receive what God wants to say to you through this
book. A living encounter with the living God sure beats a
theology about Him. I know. I have had both. I pray you
try the ongoing living encounter and see how it feels to
your heart and spirit and soul and body. I believe if you
open up and give it a try, you will be well pleased at the
Foreword 7
results in your life. And if you already live in ongoing

encounters with the living God, then this book will help
give you an increased understanding of the experiences
you are having, and offer you ways of sharing your walk
more clearly with others. Having an intellectual under-
standing of your experiences with God can only help, and
understanding how to steer clear of the New Age move-
ment while having these experiences is a wonderful
blessing.
Mark Virkler
Co-Author of How to Hear God’s Voice
January 2010
MY STATEMENT OF FAITH
God. I believe that there is one God, in Three Persons:

the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is omni-
present—present everywhere in the created universe—
and lives within Christian believers. This is a reality of
omnipresence, not pantheism. I reject the pantheistic no-
tion that the universe itself and nature itself is divine. I
affirm that the created world and the omnipresent Holy
Spirit overlap one another, but still remain distinct from
one another. The omnipresence of God is the teaching of
the Bible and is completely foreign to the Hindu panthe-
ism of India.
Jesus Christ. I believe in the Deity of our Lord Jesus

Christ—that He is the only Son of the Father—God in
human flesh, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His
miracles, in His atoning death through His shed blood, in
His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand
of the Father, and in His return in power and glory.
Scripture. I believe the Bible to be the inspired, perfectly

acceptable, trustworthy Word of God. I deny that any pri-
vate revelations are of equal or higher authority than the
Bible, but rather I affirm that the Bible is exalted above
any spiritual experience, revelation, or prophecy—and it
is the theological standard by which all spiritual experi-
ences should be tested. If any private revelation ever con-
tradicts the Bible, then it should be considered a counter-
feit revelation; however, I do believe in private revela-
tions about topics that the Bible is silent about—provided

that they are in agreement with the general flow of Bibli-
cal morality and Evangelical/Charismatic theology.
Man. I believe that mankind is naturally sinful, because

of Adam and Eve’s fall from God’s grace in the Garden
of Eden. Naturally the human spirit, soul, and body are
corrupt and tend towards unrighteous thoughts and feel-
ings. Only through faith in Christ is it possible to gain
control over one’s evil desires. Though it is true that God
created man in His own image, it does not mean that man
is the “god” of his own universe, nor does it mean that
man has unlimited human potential. Miracles, signs, and
wonders that certain men can perform are not so much
from their innate willpower as they are from either divine
or demonic assistance. I reject the so-called “Manifest
Sons of God” or “Joel’s Army” teaching that end-time
Christians will become militant Christ-gods with immor-
tal bodies prior to the return of Christ.
Salvation. I believe that for the salvation of lost and sin-

ful people, regeneration by the Holy Spirit is absolutely
essential. This spiritual transformation is produced by
faith alone in Christ’s atoning death and resurrection, and
by receiving God’s forgiveness for sin; it is evidenced by
an increase of righteous behavior coming out of a heart
influenced by the feelings of divine love, joy, peace, pa-
tience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and
self-control. Jesus Christ is the only Way, Truth, and
Life: no one comes to the Father except through Him.
There is salvation in no one else; for there is no other

Name under Heaven that has been given among men by
which we can be saved from the everlasting destruction
of Hell.
Heaven and Hell. I believe that Heaven, or the upper

world, is the paradise abode of God, angels, and those
that have been saved throughout the ages and have passed
on. I believe that Hell, or the lower world, is literally lo-
cated in the center of the Earth, and is the torturous abode
of fallen angels, demons, and all who have not put their
faith in the God of the Bible. Both Heaven and Hell exist
in the spiritual realm.
The Indwelling of the Holy Spirit. I believe that the

Holy Spirit indwells or lives inside of every truly regen-
erated Christian, and gives them the desire to live a godly
lifestyle in thought, will, and deeds; and to some extent it
also plays a role in working miracles.
The Baptism in the Holy Spirit. I believe that the Holy

Spirit can and will externally baptize, fall upon, immerse,
or envelope the bodies of those Christians who seek
God’s miraculous power. While this experience can fur-
ther empower the moral desires of the indwelling Holy
Spirit, it is primarily a miraculous power. The baptism in
the Holy Spirit bestows all kinds of supernatural gifts:
speaking in tongues; revelations through dreams, visions,
voices, and impressions; God’s healing power; and God’s
miracle working power.
The Resurrection of the Dead. I believe in the resurrec-

tion of both the saved and the lost; they that are saved
unto the resurrection of life and they that are lost unto the
resurrection of destruction.
The Church. I believe in the spiritual unity of believers

in our Lord Jesus Christ. No church building, religious
denomination, institution, or organization is the reason
for this unity. It is our faith in Christ—the only Way,
Truth, and Life—that binds us together in love. I reject
the “Dominion Theology” teaching that the church will
take over all world governments before Christ’s return. I
also reject the “emerging church,” which is marked by
postmodern heresies.
INTRODUCTION
How to Open Up to God
How can I begin to explain what this book is about? I

could really oversimplify and just tell you that it’s about
things like worship, meditation, contemplation, and spiri-
tual experiences. But it’s so much more than that. Al-
though my chapters will be about these topics, they point
to a much larger reality: God and the spiritual realm. The
title of the book is the thesis of the book. This is sup-
posed to be a how-to book, a practical manual, a guide
to opening up your spirit to experiences of God. If you
desire, you may call it a variety of things: a book on spiri-
tual disciplines, mystical theology, a guide to Christian
spirituality, a prophetic manual, or a book on the deeper
life. But my desire is not merely to write another work of
mystical theology in a Protestant framework. The goal of
this book is to let the reader understand what he has to do
in order to come near to God so that God will come near
to him (James 4:8). At first when I had the desire and the
idea to write on experiencing God, I only focused on
revelatory experiences like spiritual voices and visions.
Then I had the idea that I needed to write on all of the
methods of meditation that have come down to us
through 2,000 years of Christian spirituality. Feeling that
this would be impossible, what resulted was stagnancy
and a halting to my writing that I felt was from the devil.
I had convinced myself that no one would care to
read the things that Jesus taught me by experience, unless
Introduction 13
I had first done extensive bibliographical research into

the great works of mystical theology in order to substan-
tiate my experiences. And it may be that I will have the
opportunity to produce later editions of this book with all
sorts of footnotes and references to great mystical theolo-
gians like St. Teresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross, Au-
gustin Poulain, Albert Farges, Benedict XIV, and Adol-
phe Tanquerey. But I feel a sense of urgency to write
what I have experienced and the need to publish it. I feel
like Jesus is telling my spirit something like this: “Those
things which I have whispered in your ear in the inner
room, I want you to proclaim from the rooftop” (Luke
12:3). So, that’s what I’m going to do through this book.
I’m going to proclaim from the rooftop that God is ac-
cessible today! He is a God that is nearby and not far
away (Jer. 23:23). He is a God that can be felt, heard,
and seen by His people through spiritual experiences
today! The beauty of it is that you don’t have to read tons
of mystical theology books in order to get a grip on what
it means to come to God. Just a little teaching is enough
to point you in the right direction and confirm that your
experiences are real when they happen.
New Age Spirituality vs. Evangelical Mysticism
Before this teaching can begin, there is something

that I have to warn the reader of this book: beware of the
demonic counterfeits of Christian mysticism. I prefer
to refer to myself as an “Evangelical mystic” instead of
simply a “Christian mystic,” because New Agers often
hide behind the latter title. However, an Evangelical is a

theologically conservative Christian that adheres to ex-
clusive salvation through Jesus alone (John 14:6). There
are various denominations that have taken this same
stance of Evangelical mysticism that I have, embracing
either what they call “soaking prayer” or “contemplative
prayer”: Assemblies of God, Evangelical Friends, Four-
square Church, Vineyard USA, Toronto Airport Christian
Fellowship (Catch The Fire Toronto), Catch The Fire
Ministries, International House of Prayer, and other inde-
pendent Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Neocharismatic
groups that hold to a similar theology. A point of cautious
discernment for Evangelical mystics today involves fight-
ing with New Age spirituality and other forms of occult-
ism.
In the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, the Holy Spirit was
manifesting great power in Charismatic movements. But
also during this time, satan was sending out legions of
occult demons to deceive and lure hippies and others into
Eastern meditation techniques (e.g., Transcendental
Meditation, Yoga, and Zen). Whatever God does, satan
responds with a counterfeit! God sent the Charismatic
movement, but satan responded with the New Age
movement. And to this day, Charismatics need to protect
themselves from the influence of New Age teachings—
which are the “doctrines of devils” (1 Tim. 4:1, KJV). In
Confronting the New Age (1988), Christian apologist
Douglas Groothuis explains how Christians can practi-
cally discern New Age influences anywhere: popular cul-
ture, books, movies, music, events, churches, public
Introduction 15
schools, and business seminars. Basically it comes down

to knowing the teachings of New Age spirituality. We
can’t fight false doctrines that we don’t know about. And
because true Christian mystics share some superficial
similarities with New Age mystics, it becomes absolutely
necessary for New Age teachings to be exposed for the
false doctrines that they are. So, I will present a short
chart here that will show both some of the similarities and
differences between New Age spirituality and Evangeli-
cal mysticism:
New Agers Evangelical

Mystics
God The Universe: The Father, Son,
Including Man and Holy Spirit
Scripture Hindu, The Holy Bible
Buddhist,
Taoist, and
Occult Texts
Man God A Creature Made
in God’s Image
Sin Not Realizing Human Nature;
Everything is Breaking God’s
Divine Law
Salvation Realizing Faith in Jesus’
You’re God in Blood and
Meditation Forgiveness
Afterlife Reincarnation Heaven or Hell
Power The Indwelling The Indwelling

of “Spirit and Baptism in
Guides” the Holy Spirit
(Demons)
Church The New Age Contemplative,
Movement Pentecostal, and
Charismatic
Christians
Teachers Yogis, Gurus, Catholic and
Buddhist Orthodox
Monks, Mystics;
and Shamans Mystical
Theologians
Meditation Transcendental Worship, Biblical
Meditation, Meditation,
Yoga, and Divine
and Zen Contemplation
Revelation Dreams, Dreams,
Visions, Visions,
Voices, and Voices, and
Impressions Impressions
Religions Every Religion Jesus is the Only
Leads to God Way to God
(Syncretism) (John 14:6)
On the surface, an Evangelical mystic and a New

Ager might look the same: they both experience dreams,
visions, voices, impressions, and signs from the super-
natural realm. They also both get quiet and still in order
to practice meditation. They also both experience spiri-
Introduction 17
tual ecstasies or “altered states of consciousness.” On the

surface level, Evangelical mystics and New Agers seem
to be having the same spiritual experiences and practicing
the same thing: meditation. But as you can see from this
chart, things are not as they may appear. You can see
why, for example, in King Nebuchadnezzar’s pagan mind
the prophet Daniel was just considered a really good ma-
gician because he could interpret dreams well: “I said,
‘Belteshazzar (Daniel), chief of the magicians, I know
that the spirit of the holy gods is in you, and no mystery
is too difficult for you. Here is my dream; interpret it for
me’” (Dan. 4:9). But just like King Nebuchadnezzar,
there are people today—both Christian and pagan—that
do not think there is a difference between Evangelical
mystics and New Agers. I hope that this chart has helped
to convince you that there are many differences between
Evangelical mystics and New Agers. However, I would
say that the main difference is that New Agers deny
Christ’s exclusive claim of salvation in John 14:6.
John 14:6 vs. Religious Syncretism
Things get really tricky when New Agers don’t

identify themselves as New Agers per se, but rather as
“Christians” or even “Christian mystics.” It gets even
trickier when they say that they are Pentecostal, Charis-
matic, Episcopalian, Catholic, or Quaker. But if we test
their beliefs and practices thoroughly enough, it is possi-
ble to identify such New Agers that are hiding behind a
Christian persona. There are plenty of “New Age Chris-
tians” around today; very many in fact. Basically, they

are liberal Christians that believe all religions lead to
God. They practice Transcendental Meditation, Yoga,
Zen, and maybe even a counterfeit form of “contempla-
tive prayer” to “Jesus” as if he were the god of all relig-
ions. These people are in all of the liberal mainline de-
nominations and even in some of the conservative de-
nominations. They preach health and wealth through
visualization techniques not guided by Scripture, positive
thinking, and “name it claim it” without any Biblical ba-
sis. (However, when the Bible and Jesus’ Name are in-
volved, those visualizations are permissible).
They dominate the field of parapsychology. Psy-
chics like Edgar Cayce, Jeane Dixon, and Sylvia Browne
are their heroes. They are supportive of modern Hindu
gurus like Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Swami Muktananda,
Rajneesh, and Sai Baba. They praise Buddhist monks like
the Dalai Lama and Thich Nhat Hanh. They receive their
latest inspiration from popular New Age authors like
Deepak Chopra and Eckhart Tolle. They preach that man
is not really created by God, but that man is God. They
emphasize self-esteem instead of self-deliverance through
faith in Christ. They are emphatic about spiritually evolv-
ing into godhood, supposedly like “Christ” did. They are
overly concerned about world peace and environmental-
ism, because they have lost the Creator-creation distinc-
tion, and believe that nature is divine. They are liberal,
pluralistic, syncretistic “Christians” that dabble in Eastern
mysticism and meditation (e.g., Hinduism, Buddhism,
Taoism, Sufism, etc). They believe that Jesus is only one
Introduction 19
of the many helpful “spirit guides” from the world of “as-

cended masters” which also include Buddha, Maitreya,
Sanat Kumara, Confucius, the Virgin Mary, and various
Catholic saints. And they believe that in the future there
will be one world religion that will bring all religions and
governments together into unity through the United Na-
tions. Sounds like an Antichrist religion to me (Rev. 13:7-
8)!
I met such a person once at a United Methodist
summer camp. He had a study Bible in a bookcase, but
inside the pocket of this case, he had a copy of the Tao Te
Ching (6th century B.C.), a Taoist scripture. He viewed
that book and the Bible as if they were equally inspired
by God! He was also very excited about looking back to
the 1960s and the hippie counterculture. Aside from athe-
ism, this syncretistic mentality is very popular in state
universities. We should grieve that these people are so
deceived and make a kind attempt to persuade them why
it is that Jesus said, “I am the Way and the Truth and
the Life. No one comes to the Father except through
Me” (John 14:6). But we should remember to do this
with love, gentleness, and kindness: “Always be prepared
to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the
reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gen-
tleness and respect” (1 Pet. 3:15). This is the essence of
what I mean when I use the phrase “Evangelical mysti-
cism”—it is truly a New Testament mysticism that ad-
heres to Jesus Christ as the only way to God, and openly
rejects other world religions and occult practices. Hindu-
ism is false. Buddhism is false. Sufism is false. Taoism is
false. Jesus Christ is the only way to God the Father!
The Centering Prayer Movement
During the 1970s, a “New Age Christian” contem-

plative movement developed in the Catholic Church
called the Centering Prayer movement. It was led by the
liberal monks William Meninger, M. Basil Pennington,
Thomas Keating, and Thomas Merton. Other Christian
mystics reading this might be shocked that I would label
centering prayer as New Age. However, who can deny
the familiarity that they have maintained with Eastern
mystics? Especially Thomas Merton, of whom Nelson’s
New Christian Dictionary (2001) says, “Toward the end
of his life, he began to move away from a strict ortho-
doxy into a greater acceptance of non-Christian tradi-
tions.” This centering prayer group’s blatant approval of
Eastern religions is the fruit of Vatican II in the 1960s,
which liberalized the Catholic Church’s attitude toward
world religions. Nowadays many Roman Catholics are
actually New Age Christians. Thankfully, this was not so
for most of church history.
This also goes for liberal Quaker groups, such as
the Religious Society of Friends (not to be confused
with the early Quakers). My wife and I found this out the
hard way. We attended one of the Religious Society’s
meetings once and felt okay about it initially. For about
one hour we sat in a circle and practiced “silent worship”
or divine contemplation. There was a little bit of sharing
from our hearts and then we ate some food together. Dur-
Introduction 21
ing the silent worship session my wife mentally asked,

“God, should I bring food for potluck next time we come
here?” And she heard a loud spiritual voice say, “No!”
And then for one second she saw an apparition of a five
foot black snake on the ground. Rebekah kept this experi-
ence to herself. After the silent worship, I was talking
with a friendly guy who was trying to explain to me what
their particular Quaker group believed in. And he directed
me to the corner of the room where a bookshelf of their
religious literature was. I picked up one of their booklets
and opened it at random only to find kindly references to
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sufism. “This is a New Age
group,” I whispered to Rebekah. And she said something
like, “I picked up on that.” Later on she shared her vision
of the black snake with me, and I felt that it was God’s
way of saying that there was a spirit of witchcraft in that
Quaker group because of their New Age leanings. The
leader of that Quaker group was influenced by the writ-
ings of Thomas Merton.
Mystical Literature:
New Age, Catholic, and Evangelical
I want to caution readers against William James’

The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902). It is a help-
ful book in regards to cataloging spiritual experiences and
interpreting them in light of modern psychology—
especially Lectures XVI and XVII on “Mysticism.”
However, it is a “proto-New Age” book that has many
kindly references to psychedelic drugs and monistic
Hindu spiritual experiences of the so-called Higher Self.

If you choose to read it, then do so with sensitivity to the
errors of New Age spirituality and the truths of Evangeli-
cal theology. It was James who started the psychology of
religion. Charles Tart’s Altered States of Consciousness
(1969) as well as Eugene d’Aquili and Andrew New-
berg’s The Mystical Mind (1999) are other notable works
on the psychology of spiritual experience that follow suit
with James’ New Age leanings.
I want to caution any budding mystical theologians
about the writings of Evelyn Underhill, and especially
her best known work, Mysticism (1911). Underhill was an
influential Oxford scholar of mysticism in general: both
Christian and pagan. Although she claimed to be a Chris-
tian, she was also what we might call a “proto-New
Ager” because her writings favorably quote and endorse
pagan mystics alongside Christian mystics. It is also this
woman that may be blamed for the widespread miscon-
ception that Christian mysticism is a Christianized form
of Neoplatonism, a mystical sect that followed a pagan
teacher named Plotinus. Her works have some very help-
ful bibliographical material and citations of real Christian
mystical literature, and can be helpful for research in that
regard. But make no mistake: though her quotations of
the Christian mystics are dominant, her book also en-
dorses pagan mysticism. Therefore her writings are oc-
cultic.
Two major New Age texts are Helen Schucman’s
A Course in Miracles (1976) and Marianne William-
son’s A Return to Love (1992). These are occult guide-
Introduction 23
books to counterfeit spiritual experiences. The first book,

also known as the Course, is the classic handbook of the
New Age movement. Schucman wrote it as she heard the
voice of a counterfeit “Jesus.” It is a false revelation
based on all kinds of anti-Biblical teachings—the world
isn’t real, Jesus didn’t die for your sins, reincarnation,
and other false doctrines. It is based on Christian, Pla-
tonic, and Gnostic theology. The second book was an in-
terpretation of the Course that made its concepts more
understandable and popular. I also urge all seekers to
avoid these popular New Age books: Starhawk’s The
Spiral Dance (1979), Shirley MacLaine’s Out on a Limb
(1983), James Redfield’s The Celestine Prophecy
(1993), Neale Donald Walsch’s Conversations with God
(1995), Eckhart Tolle’s The Power of Now (1999) and A
New Earth (2005), and Rhonda Byrne’s The Secret
(2006).
I also warn spiritual seekers to avoid the writings of
Morton Kelsey, who is certainly a pluralistic New Ager1
and advocates Yoga and Zen practices in his so-called
“Christian meditation” book, The Other Side of Silence
(1976). This book has been immensely influential and is
often cited by Charismatic Christian writers on medita-
tion and spirituality. But it is not an Evangelical mystical
book; it is a New Age book. Agnes Sanford is another
syncretistic New Age Christian author,2 whose oft-cited
1
Dave Hunt and T. A. McMahon, The Seduction of Christianity
(Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers, 1985), pp. 130-132.
2
Ibid., pp. 125-126.
book The Healing Light (1947), influenced John and

Paula Sandford’s Christian inner healing book, The
Transformation of the Inner Man (1982). Both espouse
visualization techniques for healing prayer in Jesus’
Name. However, while John and Paula Sandford are
Evangelical, Agnes Sanford was a New Age Christian.
A. W. Tozer’s The Pursuit of God (1948) is not a
New Age book either, but it does quote from Lao-tze
once, who was a Taoist mystic. What Tozer quotes is not
anti-Biblical: “The journey of a thousand miles begins
with a first step.” Compare this to what Paul wrote on
Christian perseverance: “Do you not know that in a race
all the runners run, but only one gets the prize? Run in
such a way as to get the prize” (1 Cor. 9:24). Tozer found
a Biblical parallel in a non-Christian writer and felt at lib-
erty to quote it; and a good quote it is. This kind of ap-
proach to quoting pagans every once in a while was also
taken by Luke and the apostle Paul. Aratus is referred to
in Acts 17:28; Euripides is quoted in Acts 26:14;
Menander is quoted in 1 Corinthians 15:33; and Epi-
menides is quoted in Titus 1:12.
But this “inspired selection” mentality is not the
same as the fellow that I met at the United Methodist
camp. While I think that guy felt the Bible and the Tao Te
Ching (6th century B.C.) were equally inspired, Tozer
only had the approach of quoting Biblical truth even
when it is found outside of the Bible (like St. Augustine
did). The fact of the matter is, we should stick to the reve-
lations of Biblical truth and teaching, and never allow
ourselves to be overtaken by the non-Biblical teachings
Introduction 25
of New Agers and pagans (e.g., reincarnation, self-

esteem, Yoga techniques). But sometimes pagans break
into Biblical truth and produce quotations that are ame-
nable to Biblical and Evangelical writers.
I also want to add that one night I was contemplat-
ing God in my dorm room at college when I was very
tired. As I laid prostrate with my head turned to the left, I
sunk into a trance or a half-asleep state of mind. This was
a very rare experience. Then I felt as if my dorm room
had become 30 feet larger than it was in the physical
realm. I felt the presence of someone standing in front of
me about 15 feet diagonally to my right. This means that
this person was floating in the air outside of my window.
I think it was an angel. I didn’t see him, but I only heard
him say in the voice of a young man, “Who wrote The
Pursuit of God?” And I replied, “A. W. Tozer.” I want
you to know that this book is a foundational work of
Evangelical mysticism. When the neo-Evangelical
movement started to take shape in the 1940s, Tozer was
considered one of the great Evangelical leaders. But as an
Evangelical, he stood out in his respect for the Catholic
mystics and the practice of contemplative prayer.
I have respect for Richard Foster’s Celebration of
Discipline (1978), which is an Evangelical book on medi-
tation and contemplation (Chapter 2); as well as Chapters
13 and 14 of his book Prayer (1992). Foster is an Evan-
gelical Friend—a conservative Quaker; he believes in
John 14:6, and is not a New Ager. Richard Foster is one
of the few Evangelicals in modern times to advocate the
practices of meditation and contemplation. His book has
had a widespread influence on Evangelicalism and Char-

ismatic Christianity. However, I offer a word of caution
about Foster’s books: though they are written from a sin-
cere Evangelical perspective (non-syncretistic and non-
New Age), they are nevertheless scattered with quota-
tions from New Age Christians. Whether or not Foster
discerned this when he first penned his works, I don’t
know. But what I do know, is that many of the contem-
plative teachers that Richard Foster quotes in his books
have come from a Christianized New Age perspective.
These include Evelyn Underhill, Thomas Merton, M.
Basil Pennington, Teilhard de Chardin, Carl Jung, Mor-
ton Kelsey, and Agnes Sanford.
In addition to Foster’s books, some people may feel
that centering prayer books are all that they can find for
spiritual direction about divine contemplation. If that is
you, then never fear, because in addition to Foster’s
Celebration of Discipline and Prayer—still good works
of Evangelical mysticism—there are plenty of non-New
Age Christian books out there about divine contemplation
that have come down to us through the ages:
1. The Desert Fathers (late 300s) by Benedicta Ward

2. The Ladder of Divine Ascent (600) by John Climacus
3. The Triads (1338) by Gregory Palamas
4. The Cloud of Unknowing (late 1300s) by Anonymous
5. The Scale of Perfection (1494) by Walter Hilton
6. The Third Spiritual Alphabet (1527) by Francisco de Osuna
7. The Way of Perfection (1577) by St. Teresa of Avila
8. Holy Wisdom (1657) by Augustine Baker
9. The Spiritual Guide (1675) by Miguel de Molinos
10. A Short and Easy Method of Prayer (1685) by Madame Guyon
Introduction 27
11. The Philokalia (1782) by Ss. Nicodemus and Makarios of Corinth

12. Divine Contemplation for All (1920) by Savinien Louismet
13. The Pursuit of God (1948)—Ch. 7 by A. W. Tozer
14. Listening Prayer (1994) by Leanne Payne
15. Contemplative Prayer (1999) by Pat Gastineau
16. Wasted on Jesus (2000)—Ch. 3 by Jim Goll
17. Praying the Bible (2003)—Ch. 7 by Wes and Stacey Campbell
18. How to Hear God’s Voice (2006) by Mark and Patti Virkler
Catholic Mystics and Marianism
The first 12 books were written either by Catholic

or Eastern Orthodox mystics and will include refer-
ences to other like mystics. I want to say that most of the
writings available to Evangelical mystics today will be
from the past history of either Roman Catholic or Eastern
Orthodox mysticism. These are old-time mystics that
predated the New Age movement of the 1960s and fol-
lowing. These pre-New Age mystics were also non-New
Age mystics and were against the notion that all religions
lead to God. Although they were Catholic or Eastern Or-
thodox, many believed that salvation was only through
faith in Jesus Christ—not the Virgin Mary, Buddha, or
some other ascended master. Although the soteriological
doctrine of justification by faith in Christ alone wasn’t
theologically recovered until the Protestant Reformation,
several pre-Reformation mystics at least emphasized
Christ’s passion and substitutionary work on the cross as
the means of our salvation. The so-called “meritorious
works” of His mother Mary were also valued, but were
only highly valued among some of the mystics—not all
of them.
However, over time the concept of Marianism de-
veloped and corrupted the salvation view of Catholic
mystics. For the first 500 years of church history, Mary
was mainly viewed as the mother of God, and some de-
bated about whether or not she remained a virgin after
Christ was born. However, most of the church fathers did
not approve of any sort of goddess worship of Mary.
However, Ephrem the Syrian (4th century) was an ex-
ception to this. But concerning the “mother of God” title,
the facts are true: Jesus is God, Mary gave birth to Jesus,
and so Mary is the mother of God. But this should not be
confused with goddess worship.
However, when Bernard of Clairvaux came
around, the attitude of Christian mystics changed towards
Mary. Early in the 12th century, Bernard was praying to a
statue of Mary holding the baby Jesus. Then he saw a vi-
sion of a woman with her child that claimed to be the
Virgin Mary. Pornographically, the spirit squeezed its
naked breast, and milk squirted into Bernard’s mouth—
this has been called the “lactation of St. Bernard.”3 This
3
This might have been a succubus spirit, a demon that tempts to sex-
ual arousal through dreams and visions. Also, this spirit has told count-
less Catholics to pray to her, worship her, venerate her, focus on her
more than Jesus, and believe that salvation is only through her. This
contradicts John 14:6, Acts 4:12, 1 Timothy 2:5, and Hebrews 12:2.
Some say that there is no literary evidence that this was Bernard’s ex-
perience, but rather Henry of Clairvaux’s experience—Bernard’s suc-
cessor—and legend attributed it to Bernard. Nevertheless, “lactation
experiences” of the Virgin Mary were regarded as very holy by these
Introduction 29
demonic experience led him to make several conclusions

about Mary that would change the landscape of Marian-
ism in the entire Catholic Church. She is not simply
Christ’s mother anymore, but she is also the “Mediatrix
of All Graces.” That is, salvation is to be acquired
through faith in Mary, who in turn brings us to Jesus, who
in turn brings us to the Father. She is now the “Blessed
Virgin Mary,” the “Queen of Heaven,” and the “Gate of
Heaven.” This private revelation of Bernard was accepted
by the Catholic Church and eventually experienced again
and again by other subsequent mystics. However, there
were a few that disagreed: Bonaventure, a follower of St.
Francis of Assisi, maintained that Mary was born with a
sinful nature—that is, he rejected the so-called “immacu-
late conception” of Mary. St. Catherine of Siena, a pro-
found Catholic mystic, said that the real Virgin Mary ap-
peared to her in a vision and told her that she wasn’t im-
maculately conceived—and therefore, the Catholic
Church was wrong about that.
But eventually a man named Alphonsus Liguori
dogmatized Bernard’s soteriological view of Mary in his
work, The Glories of Mary (1750). From the early Middle
Ages onward, the Virgin Mary became equally important
to meditate on, if not more important, than Jesus Christ.
Some Catholic mystics emphasized meditation on Christ
and His passion, but others began focusing on the Virgin
Mary and the saints; while others practiced both more or
monks. See James France, Medieval Images of Saint Bernard of Clair-

vaux (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 2007), p. 207.
less. This opened them up to tremendous deceptions and

encounters with demons that masqueraded as the Virgin
Mary and various saints; and these demons became their
“spirit guides.”
In reaction to these excesses, Christian mysticism
was rejected for the most part by the Protestant Refor-
mation. Because they didn’t want to be deceived by de-
mons pretending to be the Virgin Mary or saints, the
Protestants almost completely abandoned the disciplines
of meditation and contemplation on God. The Protestants
wanted to get “back to the Bible,” and not open up the
doorway to non-Biblical experiences like the Catholic
mystics did. However, this also oversimplified Christian
spirituality down to one of belief in doctrines, Bible read-
ing, and growing in holiness. No visions. No impressions.
No voice of God. No healings. No miracles. The mystical
and Charismatic dimension of spirituality had been lost
for the most part. There were some radical Protestants
that held on to mystical and Charismatic experiences
(e.g., the Zwickau prophets, the French prophets, and the
Quakers). But most Protestants held miracles in suspi-
cion, if not only open to them in spontaneous and rare
occasions. What resulted was a general Protestant attitude
that knowing the Bible was more important than direct
guidance from the Holy Spirit; or that direct guidance
from the Holy Spirit wasn’t even necessary at all. Wil-
liam James said, “Through the practice of [contempla-
tion] the higher levels of mystical experience may be at-
tained. It is odd that Protestantism, especially Evangelical
Protestantism, should seemingly have abandoned every-
Introduction 31
thing methodical in this line.”4 This changed with Pente-

costalism and the Charismatic movement.
Although many Catholic mystics were deceived
about Marianism and praying to saints, this does not
mean that Catholicism is magical, occultic, or New Age.
Their views on salvation were often encumbered by
dogmas about works and things, but I still believe that
some of the Catholic mystics had genuine encounters
with the God of the Bible. This is why I feel free to refer
to their writings in regards to meditation and contempla-
tion—especially to Saints Teresa of Avila and John of the
Cross. Though many of them were deceived about Mary
and the saints, they were also right on point when it came
to quietude, stillness, concentration on God, and spiritual
discernment for the most part. So, when it comes to read-
ing the Catholic mystics, I feel that one should “eat the
meat and spit out the bones”—or accept what is good and
true in their writings, but reject that which is bad and
false, even though one might find occasional venerations
of Mary.
New Age Publishers of Catholic Mystics
Finally, I want to add that as spiritual seekers and

Evangelical mystics continue to explore Christian mysti-
cal books, they may be frustrated to find that New Age
book publishers will sometimes publish orthodox (pro-
4
William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York:
Mentor Books, 1958), p. 312.
John 14:6) Christian writings! For example, G. B. Scara-

melli originally published an Italian work in 1754 entitled
Il Direttorio Mistico. But in 1913, a proto-New Age pub-
lisher named John Watkins produced an abridged Eng-
lish translation of it called A Handbook of Mystical The-
ology. Today, a New Age publisher named Ibis Press
prints it. What was once an inaccessible work to English
speaking people was made available by a New Age pub-
lisher. The content by Scaramelli himself is theologically
orthodox, but the book is encased in a New Age cover.
On the first page, the book also has a New Age adver-
tisement on it, speaking about the unity of world relig-
ions. Because New Agers believe in the unity of all relig-
ions, they feel free to turn to Christian mystical theology,
incorporate it into their pluralistic religious ideology, and
publish it as their own. No doubt, G. B. Scaramelli, who
was a zealous Jesuit, would be absolutely disgusted to
know that pagans were capitalizing on his work, and
making him look like one of them. Perish the thought! As
an Evangelical mystic that opposes New Age spirituality,
I hate that Scaramelli’s book is only available in English
through a New Age publisher. However, my conscience
feels free to simply rip out the first page of the book, and
keep the rest of it. But I’m sure that several Christians
would disagree with me on this point—let each of us
judge what is right by our own conscience in this matter
(Rom. 14).
Paulist Press is renowned for publishing many or-
thodox Christian mystical texts through their “Classics of
Western Spirituality” series; also, many of these editions
Introduction 33
have scholarly commentary. However, this is a New Age

publisher because they happily publish works of non-
Christian spirituality in Jewish, Muslim, and Native
American traditions. Kessinger Publishing is a secular
publisher of rare antique books from all genres. This in-
cludes not only occult books and Christian mystical
books, but everything from anthropology to earth sci-
ences to history to medicine to drama. Another New Age
publisher is Shambhala Publications, who have taken it
upon themselves to publish theologically orthodox Chris-
tian books such as The Cloud of Unknowing (1300s), The
Way of a Pilgrim (1884), and Brother Lawrence’s The
Practice of the Presence of God (1694).
Mirabai Starr, a New Age religious scholar, has
translated a modern English version of St. Teresa of
Avila’s theologically orthodox work, The Interior Castle
(1577). Again, the book itself is orthodox in doctrine, al-
though it was translated by a New Ager; and might I add,
that although Starr is a New Ager, she has done a beauti-
ful job at modernizing what was once a difficult to under-
stand English translation by E. Allison Peers. Do I like it
that non-New Age Christian mystical books are being
published by pagan New Agers? No, I hate it. However, I
also feel that God does not consider it unlawful or sinful
to own, read, or endorse such a book—so long as the con-
tent of the book itself does not convey any pluralistic
New Age teachings.
Regeneration
Finally, after this long discussion, it is time to dis-

cuss the experiences of worship, meditation, and contem-
plation. Most of this book assumes that the reader has al-
ready experienced both regeneration and the baptism in
the Holy Spirit. Regeneration is the spiritual experience
of being born again at conversion (John 3), or going
through a change in the will towards living one’s life for
the glory of God. A true Evangelical Christian is a regen-
erated Christian—one who has felt the desire to live a
godly and holy life, to live by the principles of the Bible,
and to sacrifice his old sinful ways of living and replace
them with godly and holy habits. A regenerated Christian
has experienced an awakening of faith in Christ and an
awareness of the reality of God (Heb. 11:1). Sanctifica-
tion is the ongoing process and growth of regeneration in
the life of the Christian believer, and is evidenced by a
deepening experience of the fruit of the Spirit: love, joy,
peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentle-
ness, and self-control (Gal. 5:22-23). Zealous obedience
to the moral commandments of God is another sign of
sanctification, but more than anything it is that of divine
love transforming the heart of the Christian (Matt. 22:37-
40).
Introduction 35
The Baptism in the Holy Spirit
The baptism in the Holy Spirit is a Charismatic ex-

perience that is secondary and distinct from the experi-
ence of regeneration. It’s function is two-fold: (1) it fans
the flame of moral regeneration and (2) it confers Char-
ismatic spiritual gifts of revelation, healing power, and
miracle working. Whereas regeneration is an experience
of the internal work of the Holy Spirit in the heart, the
baptism in the Holy Spirit is an external work. Praying
and worshiping in tongues is the primary external sign
that one has experienced the baptism in the Holy Spirit.
“All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to
speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them” (Acts
2:4). Other signs of Holy Spirit baptism include spiritual
drunkenness (2:13, 15), dreams and visions (2:17), mira-
cles and healings (2:43), and zealous worship (2:46-47).
When a Christian has the Holy Spirit both on the inside
and outside, we may say that he is a Spirit-filled Chris-
tian. He is then both internally and externally absorbed in
the Spirit of God. This book is an attempt to guide Spirit-
filled Christians into a deeper experience of God through
the practices of worship, meditation, and contemplation.
So, now that I have primed you about these things, let
your curiosity be satisfied as we learn together what it
means to experience God.
John Boruff
Crossville, TN
November 20, 2009
PART 1:
MYSTICAL PRACTICES
AND EXPERIENCES
This is the core of the book; especially Chapter 3 on

“Contemplation” and Chapter 4 on “Spiritual Experi-
ences.” Chapters 1 and 2 deal with Charismatic worship
and discursive meditation (repetitive thinking and visu-
alization). My message in these chapters is to point you to
Chapter 3—that contemplation is the main way to experi-
ence God. God can be found in the other practices for
sure, but it is in contemplation that God is experienced
most completely. Contemplation is the central practice
of the Christian mystics. To be quiet and simply con-
centrate on Jesus with your eyes closed for a long pe-
riod of time—this has the power to develop your spiri-
tual senses to experience ecstasies, impressions, vi-
sions, and voices from the Holy Spirit and God’s an-
gels. If someone were ever to ask me, “How can I experi-
ence God? What do I have to do?” I would answer with
one simple word: contemplation. It is not really a practice
of listening to Jesus as much as it is a practice of looking
at Jesus in your imagination. Nevertheless, if you look at
Jesus for long enough, then you will eventually hear Him
speak through your mind. If you can keep your mind con-
centrated on Jesus for long enough, then you will eventu-
ally experience God. These will usually be small experi-
ences; nothing like apparitions of physical visitations
from Jesus—but they will be experiences nonetheless.
But sometimes, you never know—Jesus might really ap-
Part 1: Mystical Practices and Experiences 37
pear to you in an extraordinary visitation! Contemplation

is very hard to persevere in, so it will develop patience in
you; but also humility as you realize what terrible con-
templators we are without the help of the Holy Spirit. But
God is gracious to meet our needs.
CHAPTER 1
WORSHIP
Worship: Contemplation with Music and Movement
I want to start with the topic of worship because I feel

that it is the easiest and most direct way to experience
God’s presence. I understand that there are several differ-
ent Christian traditions of worship ranging from the most
serious and liturgical to the most lighthearted and Char-
ismatic. I am going to be discussing Charismatic worship
and supporting it. In my experience, Charismatic worship
is the loud way to God. It’s not that it absolutely has to be
with blaringly loud music or shouting, but those things
are certainly welcome. From here on, I’m going to refer
to “worship” in the Charismatic sense, because I believe
it is Biblical. Worship is not about singing songs, beauti-
ful music, raising or clapping hands, shouting, prostrat-
ing, bowing, kneeling, closing the eyes, or falling under
the power of the Spirit. Worship is about adoring God in
His manifest presence, which is really a contemplative
state even though it might not be quiet and still. All of
those other things, like music and body motions, are
really only accompaniments to the worship experience.
Anyone who has not had a true worship experience does
not know what this means. They think that worship
means to sing songs to God. No, no, no. The songs are
only intended to accompany the loving contemplation of
God’s presence. True worship is loving on God.
Worship 39
Spirit-Filled Worship
The music, the lyrics, the closing of the eyes, the

group setting, and the concentration on God all mixes to-
gether to merge into a wonderful contemplative experi-
ence. Unlike divine contemplation, there is not solitude,
quiet, or stillness. Rather there is the company of fellow
worshipers, the sound of worship music, and the motions
of your body responding to holy impulses from God’s
Spirit. However, what divine contemplation and worship
do have in common is that they both are efforts to feel
after God’s presence and experience the infused contem-
plation of God: the perfect concentration of the mind and
heart on God, to the exclusion of all distractions. The
apostle Paul said that people “should seek God, in the
hope that they might feel after Him and find Him. Yet He
is not far from each one of us” (Acts 17:27, RSV).
In the state of infused or Spirit-filled worship, the
worshiper feels the presence of God. The eyes are closed,
the mind is concentrated on God, and the Christian is
aware of nothing but God. He stops paying attention to
the lyrics of the worship song, and the music remains in
the background of his mind. He has lost his self-
consciousness and has become completely abandoned to
worship God. He doesn’t care what others in the church
meeting might think about him; he just wants to feel the
Holy Spirit; he just wants to immerse himself in God’s
peaceful presence. Thoughts might tempt him about what
others might think: “Oh, he’s just being a show-off”;
“She’s trying to draw attention to herself”; “What a nui-
sance!” and many other such things. Pay these thoughts

no mind. Just enter into God’s presence. That’s all that
matters (2 Sam. 6).
Feeling God’s Presence During Worship
Once God’s Spirit is felt, He will give all sorts of

feelings to the worshiper. First and foremost, the experi-
ence of God’s Spirit as present, or the manifest presence
of God, is a spiritual phenomenon all in itself. The mind
is perfectly concentrated on God with reverence and love.
The eyes are closed and generally all that is seen is the
black or purplish color of the imagination. But the wor-
shiper can definitely feel the presence of Someone on the
other side of the eyelids. It is like Someone is standing
three inches in front of you, facing you, or even envelop-
ing your body like a cloud of Spirit. It is a presence. Were
you to open your eyes, you would see nothing, but it’s
almost as if you expect there to be Someone standing
right in front of you; and that Someone is God. In mysti-
cal theology, St. Teresa of Avila called this sort of ex-
perience an intellectual vision (The Interior Castle 6.8);
in more recent times, it could also be called an external
impression from the Holy Spirit.
Sometimes this special presence of God is felt in-
ternally as well, as if you were a sponge that is saturated
with the sweet water or ghostly mist of God’s comforting
Spirit. Indeed, sometimes people’s spiritual eyes have
been opened to see the glory of the Lord, or the visible
light-filled mist of the Holy Spirit. It is like a luminous
Worship 41
cloud (Exod. 24:16). But most of the time this Spirit is

invisible, waiting for us to “feel after Him and find Him”;
this we can do through Jesus—the only Way, Truth, and
Life—because it is by the shedding of His blood that we
are enabled to enter into the Most Holy Place and feel
God’s presence (Heb. 10:19). Since the Old Testament
veil was rent between the Most Holy Place and the Holy
Place in the temple (Matt. 27:51), God’s presence can be
felt anywhere in the world at any time. What was once
only accessible to Old Testament priests and prophets,
can now be felt by any worshiper of God.
Bodily Manifestations of the Holy Spirit
Physical manifestations, or bodily manifestations,

are inspired body motions that a worshiper experiences as
he is in a state of Spirit-filled worship. To those who
don’t understand these manifestations in a congregation,
they are repulsive; but to the worshiper experiencing
them, they are wonderful. As your eyes are mainly
closed, and your mind is focused on God, as you worship
you may feel the desire to raise your hands up high to
God in Heaven; the desire to worship God by praising in
tongues; the desire to kneel in reverence before His Maj-
esty; the desire to prostrate yourself in reverence and fear
before the King of Heaven; or the desire to get up and
dance in the Spirit; the desire to clap your hands in praise
to Him; the desire the shout “Hallelujah!” or “Praise the
Lord!”; the desire to laugh joyfully in the presence of
God; the desire to quietly groan or moan sounds of de-
light as the Holy Spirit comforts you inside and outside;

or you may feel sudden surges of divine “energy” or ex-
citement pulsating through your body, making you want
to jerk your arms and legs!
These and many other such things can happen as the
worshiper enters into the worship experience. For those
that are skeptical of these bodily manifestations of the
Holy Spirit, I recommend reading Guy Chevreau’s Catch
the Fire (1994), which demonstrates quite extensively
that Jonathan Edwards approved of these things during
the Great Awakening. After worshiping like this for sev-
eral years, I eventually made accommodations to position
myself for some of these experiences. For example, if I
know that if I am in a church that is remotely open to
dancing in the Spirit, then I will make sure that I have a
few feet of dancing space as I worship in the congrega-
tion—this is so that I don’t bump into someone while my
eyes are closed and my mind is intently focused on God.
Also, since I’ve noticed that in the Spirit I’m often led to
raise my hands or bow before God, my shirt would have a
tendency to ride up in the back. Unfortunately, it would
initially ride up and show the skin of my lower back for
any onlooker to see. So, I made the accommodation of
tucking in an under shirt and wearing an over shirt, so
that whenever I would raise my hands or bow, only the
over shirt would ride up, and the under shirt would con-
tinue to cover the skin of my lower back.
Worship 43
Worship Music
The worship music in the Charismatic setting

should be rhythmical, melodious, majestic, and intimate.
The reason why rhythm is important for spiritual wor-
ship is because it has a tendency to lull the mind into a
restful contemplative state. It is this restful posture of the
mind that makes it possible to enter into the Spirit and
make contact with God’s presence. However, as plenty of
Fundamentalists would like to tell you, drums and
rhythms can induce sexual overtones—which is true
sometimes. So, worship leaders ought to be sensitive to
the rhythms of each song to see whether or not a song
could be interpreted sexually through its rhythm or oth-
erwise. However, if a rhythm is discerned to be non-
sexual and fit for spiritual worship, then some amount of
repetition is necessary to aid the minds of the worshipers
into a restful concentration on God. The reason why mel-
ody is important for spiritual worship, is because it
soothes the soul and helps the mind to concentrate on the
worship song, which in turn helps to point the worshiper
towards God. If the song has an attractive melody, then
it’s all the better, because it draws the attention of the
worshiper. If a song has a boring melody, then it will not
help the worshiper very much to concentrate on God.
However, if the melody of the song is too flamboyant or
flashy, then it can actually distract the worshiper from
God Himself—and the worshiper will be drawn to simply
enjoy the tune of the song. These are sensitive issues that
a worship leader ought to feel out for himself.
The reason why the element of majesty is important

in the rhythm, melody, and words of a song, is because
we are worshiping God Himself. He is the King of
Heaven, the Creator of worlds, the Majestic One, the
Sovereign over all things, and His kingdom shall have no
end. Cherubim and seraphim bow down before Him,
lightnings and thunderings proceed from His throne, and
thousands of thousands come and minister before Him.
There is no limit to His knowledge, no measurement of
His love, and no comparison to His powers. His mind is
of light, love, and purity. We ought to worship Him with
such an attitude since we are the people of His pasture,
and the citizens of His kingdom and vast domain.
Nevertheless, the worship song should also contain
words that bespeak an element of intimacy in our love
for God, since true contemplative Charismatic worship is
to love on God in His presence. He is our Father, our
Abba, our Best Friend in this world, our Comforter, and
closest companion. His presence is near to us and we can
feel the fire of His love burn in our bosoms almost physi-
cally. Why then would we only sing to Him as if He were
a God far off? He is a God that is also near to us, and
dwells within our spirits; and He makes us cry, “Abba,
Father!” Behold the gentleness and sweetness of His love.
Oh, the great love of God! Oh, how sweet is His pres-
ence! It is like living waters and honey for my spirit, soul,
and body. So refreshing! So wonderful! Oh, the joy of the
Lord! The peace that surpasses understanding! The ec-
stasy and bliss! It’s like Heaven on Earth!
Worship 45
Worship music is usually loud and involves singing

in a group setting, but I would recommend the WOW
Worship compilations for private worship in your home.
Soaking music is a little bit different—it is usually quiet
and calming and involves instrumental music, but is in-
tended as an aid to soaking prayer (contemplation) in
God’s presence. Depending upon the artist, soaking mu-
sic can have a special ability to impart revelatory power
and welcome the manifest presence of God into the room
it is played in; for soaking music I would recommend
John Belt’s The Soaking Presence Pack. I also recom-
mend looking at the Soaking Worship section on
http://store.tacf.org.
Divine Contemplation: The Purpose of Worship
Divine contemplation is the goal of all true worship

of God. This means to bring the mind and heart into a
state of perfect concentration on God, and to set the
imagination to lovingly see God and fix its attention on
Him. Close your eyes. Focus on the Lord. Concentrate on
God. Seek God’s face and you will find Him appear to
you in your imagination. His image will appear in your
mind. Focus on Him. Concentrate on the face of Jesus
and worship God in your mind, as the worship music
plays, and as your mouth continues to sing or pray—for
there is flexibility in the Holy Spirit. When you’re wor-
shiping God in Spirit and in truth, you don’t necessarily
have to sing. You can just stare at God in your mind. Just
gaze at Him, love on Him, and be with Him. He is your
God, your Maker; you are His creature; relish in the mo-
ment. You may not see His image in your imagination—
just as well; so long as you’re concentrated on God and
you are in His presence, feeling the Spirit, loving the
Spirit.
Absorb yourself into God’s presence; soak in His
Spirit. Lose your awareness of everyone in the church
meeting. Don’t think about them. Don’t think about the
chair that you have been sitting in. Don’t be conscious of
your self. Just close your eyes and think about God.
Don’t even try to think too hard about the words of the
worship song or about keeping time with the music. Just
concentrate on God. Close your eyes. Focus on God. Be
conscious of God and you will understand that you are
just a humble creature and He is the High and Lofty Crea-
tor of the universe, who has descended to your low estate
to love you and be with you in the depths of your bosom.
Nothing is in your mind but God. You are lost in God, in
a sort of ecstasy detached from the world. All distractions
are gone now and only God is in your mind. You love
Him. You ask Him to forgive you for doubting His exis-
tence. You repent, because you realize that God is real.
Your faith is renewed, because you are conscious of
God’s presence. He is near and you know it. You love
Him, you praise Him: this is spiritual worship. “God is
Spirit, and His worshipers must worship in spirit and in
truth” (John 4:24).
Meditation 47
CHAPTER 2
MEDITATION
Dwelling: The Central Theme of Meditation
When Americans and other Westerners think of the word

“meditation” it is usually the New Age understanding of
it: emptying the mind and absorbing oneself into the
nothingness of “nirvana.” Images of Yoga, Buddha, hip-
pies, crystals, and Hindu gurus start to fill the imagina-
tion. Therefore when most Christians encounter the idea
of meditation, they think it means a pagan occult practice
that should be resisted like the plague. However, medita-
tion is a tool and there are many methods of it. Yoga,
Transcendental Meditation, and Zen are not the only
methods of meditation. If that is what you think, then it is
probably because your church tradition is not familiar
with the contemplative spirituality of Catholic and East-
ern Orthodox mysticism.
Because there are many different methods of medi-
tation not only in non-Christian religions, but also within
Christian denominations, it can be difficult to give a sim-
ple definition for what meditation is. There is no one
definition for what meditation is, but there is a common
theme that is shared by all of the different methods; and
that common theme is dwelling on a topic. You see then
with such a broad theme as this, meditation can pretty
much be applied to anything. Meditation is a mental prac-
tice that can be used for good or evil. Meditation becomes
Christian when it is applied to Biblical topics such as
God’s Law (Ps. 1:2), God Himself (Ps. 63:6), God’s
works (Ps. 77:12), or how to conduct oneself ethically (1

Tim. 4:15).
Abiding in Christ
If this is the case, then what does it mean to “dwell

on” something? It means to stay there, to live there, and
abide there mentally. Jesus spoke of meditating on Him
when He spoke of abiding in the Vine:
I am the true Vine, and My Father is the vinedresser.
Every branch in Me that does not bear fruit He takes
away; and every branch that bears fruit He prunes,
that it may bear more fruit. You are already clean
because of the word which I have spoken to you.
Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear
fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can
you, unless you abide in Me. I am the Vine, you are
the branches. He who abides in Me, and I in him,
bears much fruit; for without Me you can do
nothing. If anyone does not abide in Me, he is cast
out as a branch and is withered; and they gather
them and throw them into the fire, and they are
burned. If you abide in Me, and My words abide in
you, you will ask what you desire, and it shall be
done for you. By this My Father is glorified, that
you bear much fruit; so you will be My disciples. As
the Father loved Me, I also have loved you; abide in
My love. If you keep My commandments, you will
abide in My love, just as I have kept My Father’s
commandments and abide in His love. These things I
have spoken to you, that My joy may remain in you,
and that your joy may be full (John 15:1-11, NKJV).
Meditation 49
Although Jesus uses a parable in order to teach this

lesson, we should be able to see that just like a branch of
a vine has to dwell on the vine in order to stay alive, so
also Christians must dwell on Christ mentally if they are
to stay spiritually alive. What does it mean to be spiritu-
ally alive? To have His love and His joy in our hearts
(Gal. 5:22). In the above passage Christ teaches a method
of meditation that a monk named Brother Lawrence came
to call “the practice of the presence of God.” It is a very
difficult practice and requires the help of the Holy Spirit.
But it is basically concentrating on God throughout the
day in the ordinary tasks of life. In Brother Lawrence’s
case it was often while doing the dishes at his monastery.
It is, in a sense, a holy obsession with God; not allowing
the mind to stray to other things for too long. Or, if the
mind has to concentrate on other things, it does them in
the midst of keeping a conscious awareness of God con-
tinually. Basically, this is meditating without ceasing or
“walking in the Spirit” (Gal. 5:16). However, this is only
one of the many methods of meditation. So do not feel
discouraged if you find yourself failing at continually
keeping your mind on God. But please do get up and try
again, for God will keep those in perfect peace whose
mind is stayed on Him (Isa. 26:3).
Rumination: Repetitive Thinking About a Topic
Meditation is something that people usually do with

their eyes open, and while they are active. The mystical
theologians of old used to call it “discursive meditation”
in order to show how the intellectual faculty is usually

what is being used. In a sense it is “in-depth thinking,”
but thinking is not the essence of the meditative experi-
ence. Dwelling is the essence of it. Obsessing is the es-
sence of it. Sometimes meditation is likened to a cow
chewing, regurgitating, and re-chewing its cud—the
technical term for this is “rumination.” In man’s mind,
meditation is an experience in which that one topic cycli-
cally passes through one’s thoughts. There is a repetition
in the mind of certain issues surrounding the meditative
topic.
For example, in the above passage on abiding in the
Vine, the Lord Jesus repeated the word “vine” 3 times,
“abide” 8 times, “fruit” 6 times, “love” 5 times, and per-
sonal pronouns like “Me, My, and I” 25 times. Clearly
the central meditative topic in Christ’s discourse is Him-
self. All of the other related issues such as the vine, abid-
ing, fruit, and love are connected to the central topic:
Christ Himself. This is what discursive meditation is. It is
in-depth repetitive thinking about one topic: dwelling on
the central topic. The mind might run in sort of a circuit,
but it will always come back to the beginning where it
began: the central topic. For Christians, that central topic
always is and always should be Christ Himself. He is not
a vain repetition, but a good one.
Spirit-Led Meditation
There can be a supernatural dimension to discursive

meditation, like when one feels his mind constantly being
Meditation 51
drawn back to think on and to dwell on a divine topic

such as God’s attributes (John 6:44), or why it is that God
became a Man, or why God decided to make events in
Christ’s life parallel to so many things in Moses’ life, or
why Christ chose twelve apostles rather than seven, or
why Christ was transfigured, or why it is that God chose
to atone for the sins of the world through the cross rather
than by some other instrument of torture, or why Christ
ascended into Heaven rather than be teleported. These
types of meditations on the life of Christ are another
time honored method of meditating in the contemplative
tradition. In a sense, they are thoughts about God that
stupefy the mind so much that they bring it into a restful
state.
Meditative Visualization
and the Imagery Controversy
One thing that some mystics liked to practice was

visualizing certain scenes from the life of Christ in their
private meditations. I suppose one could do this with ei-
ther the eyes opened or closed, but I think closing the
eyes makes it easier. “The Mysteries of the Life of
Christ” in 261-312 of The Spiritual Exercises (1548) of
St. Ignatius of Loyola were designed around this princi-
ple. Here is one of the mysteries or visualizations taken
from St. Ignatius, called “How Christ Our Lord Calmed
The Storm”:
First Point. While Christ our Lord was on the lake, asleep, a
great tempest arose.
Second Point. His frightened disciples awaken Him; and He

reprehends them for their little faith: “Why are you afraid, O
you of little faith?”
Third Point. He commanded the winds and the sea to cease,

and the sea grew calm. The disciples marveled at this, and
asked: “What sort of Man is this, for even the winds and the
sea obey Him?”1
Some Christians are against using the imagination in or-

der to visualize Christ, such as Douglas Groothuis and
Dave Hunt.2 They think that it goes against the Scriptural
mandate not to make a graven image for idol worship
(Exod. 20:4-6). Unfortunately, I feel that this is an
“iconoclastic” mindset3 and leads to the assumption that
Gospel artwork and movies are inherently blasphemous
1
St. Ignatius of Loyola, The Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius,
trans. George Ganss (St. Louis, MO: The Institute of Jesuit Sources,
1992), pp. 107-108; Section 279.
2
Douglas Groothuis, Confronting the New Age (Downers Grove, IL:
InterVarsity Press, 1988), pp. 180-185; Dave Hunt and T. A. McMa-
hon, The Seduction of Christianity (Eugene, OR: Harvest House Pub-
lishers, 1985), pp. 123-188.
3
Iconoclasm is the destruction of religious images believed to be
idols—usually artistic renditions of Jesus or saints. In the Byzantine
Orthodox Church, this became a major issue in the 8th century. When
the Protestant Reformation emerged in the 16th century, iconoclasm
was revived through Andreas Karlstadt, Ulrich Zwingli, and John
Calvin. Today several Protestants are still influenced by this Refor-
mation iconoclasm.
Meditation 53
simply because they portray artistic renditions of Jesus.

Furthermore, this would also render t-shirts, crucifixes,
and all sculptures with Christ on them to be blasphemous.
Some godly Christians to this day have an iconoclastic
viewpoint when it comes to Christ imagery, and we
should respect them to live as their conscience dictates
(Rom. 14).
But I am not an iconoclast. I feel that my con-
science is free to exercise my imagination to portray im-
agery of Jesus in both visualization and art. I have two
reasons for this:
(1) Colossians 1:15 says that Christ “is the image of
the invisible God.” The very fact that Jesus Christ made
Himself visible and tangible to the twelve apostles and
others in the first century proves that God’s heart is not to
hide from man. He wants people to see Him. Christ told
Philip, “Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father”
(John 14:9). From the moment that Christ was born into
this world, throughout all His earthly life, to the moment
He ascended into Heaven was living tangible proof that
God did not think it was a sin against Exodus 20:4-6 to
look at a visible image of God. Christ did not walk
around with a veil covering His face. Rather, the very fact
that Christ was visible in the first century should cause us
to interpret Exodus 20:4-6 as a prohibition against pagan
idols, not against images of God. If you read the Second
Commandment closely, it does not prohibit making im-
ages of God, but rather prohibits worshiping images of
creatures—like how occultists use idols. I don’t think it
even prohibits making images of creatures, only the wor-

ship of images of creatures.
(2) Dreams and visions of God that are given by
God prove that God is not against people seeing images
of Himself. This was even true in the Old Testament days
when people were more against imagery of the Lord.
Isaiah 6:1 says that the prophet “saw the Lord.” Accord-
ing to The Babylonian Talmud (5th century), it was
Isaiah’s testimony of this vision that condemned him to
death by the hand of Manasseh (Yebamoth 49b). Isaiah
was sawn in half simply because he reported a vision in
which he saw the Lord in the form of an image. In Reve-
lation 1:12-16, the apostle John describes in detail the
imagery of Christ’s face and body in glorified form. Peo-
ple throughout church history and today have and are still
experiencing “beatific visions” of God. If modern icono-
clasts want to continue in their anti-imagery of God posi-
tion, then we should let them be free to do so. But I be-
lieve that the evidence is more than enough in favor of a
pro-imagery of God position. If God is against people
using their God-given imagination to think of Him in pic-
tures, then why would He appear in the flesh and why
would He appear in visions? It is only natural for people
to create artwork of such experiences. Therefore, I be-
lieve that God inspires artwork of Himself—even im-
agery of His face. Personally, I’m led to believe that art-
work such as “Christ Pantocrator” could possibly be the
divinely revealed image of Christ.
Meditation 55
Could it be possible that God has revealed His image to

people in dreams and visions after many years since His
time on Earth in the first century? I think it is not only
possible, but probable. If I may, I will quote Richard Fos-
ter at length here to present his defense of using visuali-
zation in meditation:
Some have objected to using the imagination out

of concern that it is untrustworthy and could even
be used by the evil one. There is good reason for
concern, for the imagination, like all our faculties,
has participated in the fall. But just as we believe
that God can take our reason (fallen as it is) and
sanctify it and use it for His good purposes, so we
believe He can sanctify the imagination and use it
for His good purposes. Of course, the imagination
can be distorted by satan, but then so can all our
faculties. God created us with an imagination, and,
as Lord of His creation, He can and does redeem it
and use it for the work of the kingdom of God.
Another concern about the use of the imagina-

tion is the fear of human manipulation and even
self-deception. After all, some people have an
overactive imagination, and they can concoct all
kinds of images of what they would like to see
happen. Besides, does the Bible not warn against
the vain imaginations of the wicked (Rom. 1:21)?
The concern is legitimate. It is possible for all
of this to be nothing more than vain human striv-
ings. That is why it is so vitally important for us to
be thrown in utter dependence upon God in these
matters. We are seeking to think God’s thoughts
after Him, to delight in His presence, to desire His
truth and His way. The more we live in this way,
the more God utilizes our imagination for His
good purposes. To believe that God can sanctify
and utilize the imagination is simply to take seri-
ously the Christian idea of incarnation. God so ac-
commodates, so enfleshes Himself into our world,
that He uses the images we know and understand
to teach us about the unseen world of which we
know so little and find so difficult to understand.4
For Christians like Douglas Groothuis and Dave

Hunt, it really boils down to two main concerns: (1) de-
monic deception from occult visualization and (2) self-
deception from not distinguishing between visions and
visualizations. In Groothuis’ first concern, he makes ref-
erence to a popular New Age book called Creative Visu-
4
Richard Foster, Prayer (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), p. 148.
Meditation 57
alization (1978) by Shakti Gawain. The main teaching in

this book is that one can magically create his own reality
by visualizing it into existence by one’s natural psychic
“god” power. Whether it’s health, wealth, fame, or ro-
mance. All one has to do is visualize it enough times in
order for it to come to pass in physical reality, and it will
come to pass. This, by the strictest definition, is a form of
witchcraft: using visualization to manipulate the physical
realm for selfish purposes, and this is why witchcraft is a
work of the flesh (Gal. 5:20).
So far I have presented an Ignatian form of medita-
tive visualization of Christ, which has the power of open-
ing up our spirits to actual encounters with Jesus Christ
beyond visualization, and crosses over into the realm of
visions and apparitions of God! It’s up to you to decide
whether you think it is a selfish work of witchcraft to
want to encounter Christ through visualization, but I be-
lieve that the pure in heart will see God (Matt. 5:8).
Douglas Groothuis and Dave Hunt insist that miraculous
visualization of Christ is a selfish work of witchcraft be-
cause the Bible is supposedly silent about it, but occult-
ists aren’t.5 They are entitled to their opinions, but I don’t
agree with them on that point.
While the Bible may not have any thorough in-
depth teaching on visualization, I do believe that there are
a few verses that involve visualization: “Look to the Lord
and His strength; seek His face always” (1 Chron. 16:11)
5
Douglas Groothuis, Confronting the New Age, p. 183; Dave Hunt
and T. A. McMahon, The Seduction of Christianity, p. 140.
and “I have set the Lord always before me. Because He is

at my right hand, I will not be shaken” (Ps. 16:8). I be-
lieve that the former verse means that we should visualize
the face of Jesus in our minds during contemplation. In
the second verse, David says that he has set the Lord in
front of himself. To me, that means that David visualized
the Lord standing in front of him and at his right side.
New Agers also practice this kind of meditative visualiza-
tion in order to contact their “spirit guides” and their un-
orthodox versions of “Jesus,” as if he were some sort of
ascended Hindu guru.
But orthodox Christian mystics throughout church
history—especially the Beguines—have practiced visu-
alization of the Biblical Jesus Christ, and I believe it re-
sulted in them experiencing face to face encounters with
the God of the Bible!6 Both Christian mystics and pa-
gan psychics agree that concentrated visualization on
one point is the best way to develop the spiritual
senses. The pagans may visualize their gods to contact
them, but we Christians should visualize Christ alone—
whom we know is the one true God. It takes time, dedica-
tion, and patience to develop these senses. Both experi-
enced witches and Christian prophets have developed
their spiritual senses for apprehending visions, voices,
and impressions with great clarity. What the psychics call
clairvoyance, the Bible calls the gift of prophecy (1 Cor.
12:10). The only difference between clairvoyance and the
6
Bernard McGinn, “Visions and Visualizations in the Here and
Hereafter,” Harvard Theological Review 98:3 (2005): 235-236.
Meditation 59
Biblical gift of prophecy is the power source. Witches

draw from what they think is a natural psychic power, but
is actually a demonic source. Christian prophets draw
from the power of the Holy Spirit and God’s angels.
The Christian mystics’ visualizations of Christ, in
some mysterious spiritual way, opened them up to real
visions of Christ that then became no longer psychologi-
cally induced images but divinely introduced ones. Un-
fortunately, many of the Catholic mystics also visualized
Mary in their meditations and it would open them up to
encounters with a “Mary” who would tell them to trust in
her for their help and guidance. That is not Biblical. Only
God is to be our inner spiritual Guide (John 16:13), not
any saint or angel. Though sometimes God sends saints
and angels to guide us, it would be wrong for us to try to
enter into a miraculous visualization of them.
Not only is miraculous visualization a method of
encountering God, but it can also be used as a method of
manipulating physical reality for God’s purposes like
healing the sick or even moving a physical mountain!
Visualize the sick being well as you pray for them in Je-
sus’ Name, and it will be so through the power of the
Holy Spirit and your visualization. Dave Hunt would in-
sist that this is not of God but “Christianized” white
magic, because it would be an “at will” miracle.7 But we
have a free will and God’s Spirit lives within us. When
we pray or visualize a thing in the Spirit of Jesus—even
7
Dave Hunt and T. A. McMahon, The Seduction of Christianity, pp.
106-107.
for financial provision, the Holy Spirit in us will gladly

cooperate with our desire to draw from His inner reserve
of power.
This is “at will” miracle working through a syner-
8
gistic cooperation with the power of the Holy Spirit. It is
not about commanding God to perform miracles for self-
ish purposes, but about commanding defects in creation
to come into miraculous alignment with God’s pur-
poses—on Earth as it is in Heaven (Matt. 6:10). There
will always be those that will say it’s not always God’s
will to heal the sick, and that we shouldn’t be so pre-
sumptuous as to command or even pray for healing—God
will do it in His sovereign timing. While God’s timing is
an issue in healing, it’s not Biblical to stop praying for
healing (Jas. 5:14-15). We should assume that God al-
ways wants us to exercise the authority over sickness that
He has given to all of us as Christians (Matt. 10:1, NIV;
Mark 16:17-18). Using the laying on of hands, visualiz-
ing healing, and authoritatively commanding sickness to
be healed are the most effective methods of doing this.
In contrast with Gawain’s occult teaching, these at
will miracles do not draw from innate “psychic” power,
but from the indwelling Holy Spirit, who is delighted to
8
Synergism is the reality that God’s Spirit cooperates with human
will, but does not force human will to do anything. This teaching is
implied in Biblical passages such as Mark 16:20, Acts 7:51, Romans
8:28, 1 Corinthians 3:9, and 2 Corinthians 6:1—which all show in-
stances of God’s way of working with man for various purposes. This
is taught by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the
Arminians, and the Wesleyans.
Meditation 61
act through His children in the spreading of the Gospel

through miracles. Occult visualization and Christian
visualization are different on all counts except that
they both use the imagination. Therefore, just because
visualization is practiced by pagans does not mean that it
is sinful for Christians to practice visualization in their
own way. In fact, because satan is a master counterfeiter
(2 Cor. 11:13-15), we should conclude that meditative
visualization is originally a Judeo-Christian practice that
has been counterfeited and perverted by satan for the oc-
cult world—even though the Bible is silent about it for
the most part. Why? Because the fruit of the Spirit is evi-
dent in Christian visualization, and that is how we are to
judge spiritual truth from spiritual error (Matt. 7:17; Gal.
5:22-23).
For Groothuis’ second concern, he says:
It needs to be clarified that the many visions given

in the Bible are not the same as visualizations. A
vision is objectively given by God for a specific
purpose: to foretell the future (as with Daniel), to
call a prophet (as with Ezekiel), or for some other
God-directed reason. Visualization is the subjec-
tive activation of the imagination by human will.
Visualizing a certain scene is not the same as re-
ceiving a vision sent by God. The one is psycho-
logically induced; the other is divinely intro-
duced.9
9
Douglas Groothuis, Confronting the New Age, pp. 181-182.
Groothuis then goes on to state that he thinks receiving

spontaneous visions from God are okay, but only if they
are received outside of the context meditative visualiza-
tion. I disagree with this, because I have been telling you
that miraculous visualization can lead to genuine vision-
ary encounters with Christ. He contends that meditative
visualization of Christ leads to false, imperfect, man-
made images of God in our minds. And because they are
images of God produced by the human imagination, they
must therefore be idolatrous to worship. However, I say
that any reasonable Christian should be able to make
the simple distinction between a genuine vision of God
that’s passively received and pictures of God that he is
simply making up in his mind on purpose. A vision of
God is received passively—it happens to an observer and
is mainly out of his control. Visualization is something
that we make up in our minds actively; that is, if we stop
imagining mental pictures, then images will stop appear-
ing in our imagination. Either way we look at it, we
should never worship images; even if God were to pre-
sent us with genuine images of Himself in dreams and
visions.
We must worship God alone—not visions of Him,
our own visualizations of Him, or any artistic representa-
tions of Him. We must worship His person in Spirit and
truth (John 4:24). But if images of God can draw us
closer to His Spirit, then I say that is a good thing. For
more on the topic of Christian visualization, I recommend
David Yonggi Cho’s The Fourth Dimension, 2 Vols.
(1979, 1983). But I would advise against the writings on
Meditation 63
visualization by Agnes Sanford, Morton Kelsey, Norman

Vincent Peale, and Robert Schuller, because they were
New Age Christians.10 Let me end this by saying that I
disagree with the use of Word of Faith extremes of visu-
alization in order to get “miracle money” from God—
while it is sometimes necessary for God’s provision, it
should always be tempered by this: “People who want to
get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many
foolish and harmful desires that plunge men into ruin and
destruction” (1 Tim. 6:9).
Lectio Divina
Another method of meditation is called lectio divina

or “divine reading.” This is when one reads the Bible,
theology, or some other Christian book with a prayerful
or meditative attitude. One reads a sacred passage, and all
the while in his heart, he is listening to the Holy Spirit to
speak a special rhema word to him through the reading.
Sometimes people will personalize a Biblical passage,
and try to see what God may be speaking to them through
that passage. Then they reflect on it; they run it through
their minds over and over along a circuitous route. And it
isn’t just any passage. It is something special that sort of
“jumps off the page” at them and hits them hard. They
read the passage, and one topic just really stands out to
them. Then the reflection process begins; and they find
10
Dave Hunt and T. A. McMahon, The Seduction of Christianity, pp.
124-136, 132, 148.
themselves dwelling on that topic. It then leads them to

dwell on God Himself. Eventually, after they have been
still and quiet and restful in all of their reflections, they
find it easy to simply focus on God with their eyes
closed. Divine contemplation begins, and after several
minutes of feeling God’s presence, God Himself may
even speak to them through mental images and a still
small voice (1 Kings 19:12).
Divine Contemplation: The Purpose of Meditation
I have found that God has spoken to me personally

through devotional books on many occasions. I have also
found that when I have been studying the Bible in-depth
with commentary notes, or studying theology for pro-
longed periods of time, or reading some other devotional
book, that sometimes my mind becomes drawn into the
desire to practice the simple contemplation of God in
stillness. Then it may be that I really start to have some
spiritual experiences of God. Sometimes when I study
theology for a very long time, I hear a still small voice as
I’m studying. Divine contemplation is the goal of medita-
tion. Some may call it “contemplative prayer” if they
please, but it is not really “prayer” in the usual sense of
the term. It is not petitioning or interceding by asking
God for favors. It is simply concentrating on God in your
mind—with imagery or not. Only God is in the mind, and
nothing else; all distractions are pushed out. This is the
best posture to be in for receiving spiritual experiences
and revelations from God. G. B. Scaramelli says that
Meditation 65
meditation is “the mother of contemplation in the

sense that it prepares the way with its laborious use of
the mind; while contemplation is the extraordinary
means. Both methods produce the same benefits, but they
are acquired by meditation more slowly and with more
fatigue than by contemplation.”11 Some people can jump
right into contemplating God without any distractions,
but others have to tire their minds out into a restful state
before they can enter divine contemplation (Heb. 4:11).
This second approach is what meditation is all about.
Richard Foster says, “While meditation focuses primarily
on a rumination upon Scripture, God, His works, the
creation, and other significant devotional writings, con-
templation consists in resting in the loving awareness of
God and is not usually attached to any particular thought
or Scripture passage.”12
11
G. B. Scaramelli, A Handbook of Mystical Theology, trans. D. H.
S. Nicholson (Berwick, ME: Ibis Press, 2005), p. 29.
12
Richard Foster, Prayer, p. 263.
CHAPTER 3
CONTEMPLATION
Divine contemplation is the simplest but most profound

of all spiritual practices. By my definition, it is perfect
concentration on God, with no distractions, with eyes
closed, in silence, for a prolonged period of time, feel-
ing and loving His presence. Some refer to it as “loving
attention” to God or a “loving gaze” at God. This simple
contemplation or “gaze” may or may not involve visual-
izing the face of Christ or God on His throne. Just as the
imagery controversy applied to meditation in the prior
chapter, so also does it apply to contemplation in this
chapter. Richard Foster explains:
There is a division among the great devotional

writers over the use of the imagination in contem-
plation. Some view it as a useful aid; others feel it
should be reserved for meditation rather than con-
templation; still others believe it should never be
used. At times the issue has been tied to the Icono-
clastic Controversy of the eighth century and fol-
lowing in which many felt that the use of icons
was a form of idolatry. William of St. Thierry, a
twelfth-century Cistercian monk, for example, be-
lieved that praying with images was idolatry be-
cause God was found only in the purity of rela-
tionship in His image stamped in every human be-
ing. Many of the Puritan leaders in the seventeenth
century had similar convictions.
I have chosen to side with those who see the
imagination as a useful aid in contemplative
Contemplation 67
prayer. This is not a law but a practical help. I do

not draw a hard line between meditation (where
the imagination is much more widely accepted)
and contemplation. Also, while contemplation is
usually wordless, it does not necessarily need to be
imageless. Indeed, some of the great contempla-
tives, such as Juliana of Norwich, received pro-
found visions from God during times of contem-
plation.1
I side with Foster and the mystics who feel that

visualizing God is helpful in contemplation, because it
gives you something to gaze at or fix your attention on in
your imagination. However, in my experience, I don’t
always use imagery. In fact, sometimes I find it easier not
to try to visualize God at all, maybe because I’m not that
imaginative. I just close my eyes, get still for several
minutes, and focus on God to the best of my ability.
Visually, I usually see nothing but the blackish color of
my imagination. But I’m focusing my attention on God
just as I would if I was getting ready to pray a prayer of
petition or intercession. I’m concentrated on God and
ready to continue, but I say nothing to God; I just stay
very concentrated on God for several minutes. “Do not be
quick with your mouth, do not be hasty in your heart to
utter anything before God. God is in Heaven and you are
on Earth, so let your words be few” (Eccl. 5:2).
1
I have used the phrase “divine contemplation”

throughout this book several times now. I prefer this
phrase because some like to use the phrase “contempla-
tive prayer,” but to me this is not a prayer practice. Most
consider prayer to be “talking to God,” but this is more
like concentrating on God or even listening to God in-
tently. It is the non-verbal practice of drawing near to
God through the intellect, will, imagination, intuition, and
feelings. It’s focusing on God with closed eyes; concen-
trating on God with undivided attention and pure in-
tention. I have tried to steer away from using the phrase
“contemplation” all by itself, because the word alone
simply means to “gaze at one thing without being dis-
tracted.” All by itself, contemplation could be used for
anything; like meditation, it is a mental practice. One
could just as well contemplate God as one could contem-
plate a tree, a coin, a flower, the moon, or a building.
Since this book is about experiencing God, I choose
to use the specific phrase “divine contemplation” to de-
scribe the contemplation of God and nothing else. For it
is not just any kind of contemplation that will yield the
spiritual experiences that the Christian mystic seeks. It is
only divine contemplation, God contemplation, or
Christ contemplation that will open the mystic up to
Biblical spiritual experiences and revelations—
especially if mixed with fasting. Mystical contemplation
of anything else would be not only a deviation, but can
lead to idolatry. It is, however, a beautiful experience to
meditate on features in the natural world in light of our
Creator’s design. But we must be careful not to worship
Contemplation 69
trees and mountains and things, because that would be

idolatry. If we meditate or contemplate on nature as
God’s creation, it will fill our hearts with praise for our
great Creator. God must receive praise for His creation,
but we must not turn animals, trees, clouds, mountains,
and lakes into idols like New Agers and pagans do (Rom.
1:21-25). These things are not divine but are creations of
God. Therefore, it is ultimately the contemplation of God
that is the highest and most glorious practice.
Just as there are many methods of meditation that
have come down to us through church history, there are
also many methods of divine contemplation that have
come down to us through the years. In my opinion, each
contemplative writer has his or her own “pet method” of
practicing divine contemplation. So, I’m going to fall into
that mold and tell you what my pet method is. I will tell
you what has worked for me and led me into spiritual ex-
periences and revelations from God.
First, I want us to examine the exterior conditions
of the body as we are preparing ourselves for divine con-
templation. In my opinion, four physical things are abso-
lutely necessary for a fruitful time of divine contempla-
tion: setting a time frame, solitude, silence, and finding a
contemplative posture.
(1) Setting a Time Frame
The first of these is the need to set a time frame to

practice divine contemplation. Generally, if you are new
at this, then concentrating on God for 5 to 10 minutes a
day should be enough. If you have been contemplating

God for about a week consistently, then you should start
trying for 15 minutes to a half an hour a day. If two
weeks of contemplating God have past, then I would say
that you should try for one hour or more a day from there
on out. These time frames are my own invention that
have come out of my personal experience. Each person is
different, and some people may be faster than others in
growing as a contemplative. I feel that a healthy goal
should be to reach at least one hour of contemplation on
God every day. “Then He returned to His disciples and
found them sleeping. ‘Could you men not keep watch
with Me for one hour?’ He asked Peter. ‘Watch and pray
so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is will-
ing, but the body is weak’” (Matt. 26:40-41).
But don’t allow yourself to feel condemned if you
can’t bring yourself to that level yet. Your spirit might be
willing to contemplate Christ for one hour, but your body
just might be too weak for it. And if you fall asleep while
contemplating, it is not always a bad thing. If you fall
asleep in the presence of God, then sometimes He will
give you dreams and visions! Also, don’t feel condemned
if you have allowed yourself to backslide in your con-
templative experience—you haven’t lost your salvation.
Just get up and keep trying, but you might have to start all
over again from square one: from the whole 5 minute
progression thing.
In the beginning stages of divine contemplation, I
find that using a timer on a wristwatch is helpful to reach
my time goal. In fact, you may find yourself being dis-
Contemplation 71
tracted from God a lot and looking at your timer or think-

ing of other things. It’s kind of funny how fickle we can
be! The spirit can be willing, but the body is usually un-
willing to practice divine contemplation. In time, God’s
Spirit will help you to enter into deeper contemplation of
Himself, so that you will need no timer to help you reach
your time goal. An advanced contemplative often feels
supernaturally drawn by the Holy Spirit to practice
divine contemplation for prolonged periods of time.
Those are the people that end up becoming prophets
or seers of profound visions! Finding the right time for
you should contribute to the stilling of your body’s five
senses: touching, tasting, seeing, hearing, and smelling.
I’ll mention this again when I talk about finding a con-
templative posture. The stiller our senses are, the easier
it is to hear God’s still small voice. I feel that as soon as
we rise from bed in the morning—that should be the set
time for contemplation, because our body’s senses have
already been stilled for several hours during sleep. This
must be why Abraham “went early in the morning to the
place where he had stood before the Lord” (Gen. 19:27,
NKJV). There is a song called “Step by Step” by Rich
Mullins that says,
Oh God, You are my God

And I will ever praise you
And I will seek You in the morning
And I will learn to walk in Your ways
And step by step You’ll lead me
And I will follow You all of my days
(2) Solitude
The next factor for a meaningful contemplative ex-

perience is solitude. For the duration of time that you
plan to contemplate God, it is very helpful if not nec-
essary to find a quiet place where you can be all alone.
This is so that phone calls can’t distract you, loved ones
can’t distract you, and pets can’t distract you. And if
there is anything else that can distract, then you just
need to get away from it. Generally, when we steal
away into a solitary place, and the further away from
people and civilization we can get, then the better off we
are to practice divine contemplation. The early church
mystics known as the Desert Fathers stole away into the
Egyptian deserts to find solitude with God. Distractions
are greatly diminished if not completely removed in
solitary places. Getting rid of distractions is one of the
most fundamental elements of contemplative life.
While it is possible to practice divine contemplation
outside in nature, I have found it to be extremely difficult
because of mosquitoes, gnats, flies, and changing weather
that distract quite easily. If you go out to a solitary place
in the forest to contemplate God, then expect that once
you start to get still, close your eyes, and concentrate—
the bugs start playing around your head and face, itching,
buzzing, causing irritation and distraction. Therefore, I
would generally advise against trying to contemplate God
in the outdoors. I recommend that you find a special
room in your house where you can close the door and
be alone (Matt. 6:6). Politely tell your family or those
Contemplation 73
living with you that you are going to meditate or pray in

your room, so they will know not to distract you. Discon-
nect any phones in the prayer room. Make sure that there
is no way for the outside world to break into the room
and distract you from God. Lock the door and put a sign
on the door if you have to: “Praying: Please Do Not Dis-
turb.”
(3) Silence
Quietness or silence is absolutely essential for a

meaningful time of divine contemplation. Now that you
have found your solitary place where you won’t be dis-
tracted by outside influences, you need to add to the anti-
distraction process the element of finding silence. You
may have succeeded in finding that special solitary place
in the house for divine contemplation, but are there any
outside sounds that are passing through the door or walls?
If these sounds or noises are present, then contemplating
God will still be a virtual impossibility. Eliminate the
sounds and noises to the best of your ability. If the ste-
reo or TV is on, then turn it off. If people are making
noise in the house, then politely ask them if they could
speak quietly while you’re in the prayer room.
If the noises persist into your holy sanctuary of
prayer, then you might have to either go out and pray in
some other place or get some hearing protectors or ear
muffs to block out the noise. I’ve personally used ear
muffs many times in contemplation to block out the
noises from outside of my room. You can buy these at
any hardware store like Lowe’s or Home Depot. People

usually use them for noisy activities like mowing the
lawn or shooting guns, but you can also use them for
times of contemplating God. Monks have quiet monaster-
ies to their advantage, but modern non-monastic Chris-
tians like ourselves need to make whatever accommoda-
tions we can to bring ourselves to the point when we can
honestly say, “For God alone my soul waits in silence”
(Ps. 62:1, RSV). Jan van Ruysbroeck, the 14th century
mystic, in a search for solitude and silence, regularly con-
templated God in a little hut in the forest. It stands to this
day in Groenendaal, The Netherlands:
Ruysbroeck Chapel
Contemplation 75
(4) Contemplative Postures
The fourth factor on the physical level is finding a

good contemplative posture for your body. I warn that we
should avoid any Yoga postures such as the lotus posi-
tion. This is the position of sitting upright and cross-
legged, with the feet on top of the thighs—and the fin-
gers in a circle shape on the knees. Indian Christians
understand that the Hindu yogis developed this medita-
tion position in order to welcome the presence of Hindu
gods—which are demons. K. P. Yohannan, an influential
Indian evangelist, says, “Yoga is designed for one pur-
pose only—to open up the mind and body to receive visi-
tations from demon spirits.”2 In the Septuagint, the early
translators made Psalm 96:5 say, “All the gods of the na-
tions are demons.” The lotus position has been popu-
larized in the West by the New Age movement, and
should not be practiced by Christians. There are safe
Biblical meditation positions: sitting normally cross-
legged or in a chair (1 Chron. 17:16), prostrating (Lev.
9:24b), bowing (Exod. 34:8), kneeling (Ezra 9:5), stand-
ing (Neh. 9:5), and raising the hands (1 Tim. 2:8). Any
one of these postures is Biblical and okay for divine con-
templation. I personally find normal cross-legged sit-
ting (feet under the thighs) and prostrating to be my
favorite contemplative postures. I still keep open to any
2
K. P. Yohannan, Revolution in World Missions (Carrollton, TX:
Gospel for Asia, 2004), p. 137.
leadings of the Spirit to bow, kneel, or stand before God

reverently, but unless I feel led, I find these positions to
be a distraction to divine contemplation. Bowing and
kneeling generally wear my knees sore. Standing for pro-
longed periods of time usually makes my legs and neck
ache. Raising my hands for very long makes my arms
sore.
So, generally if I’m trying to enter into a restful
contemplative state, then I’m going to be like David and
“sit before the Lord” (1 Chron. 17:16) or be like the Is-
raelites who prostrated themselves after they saw the mi-
raculous fire of God: “When all the people saw it, they
shouted for joy, and fell facedown” (Lev. 9:24b). Pros-
tration, which I prefer to do, involves lying on my belly
with my legs fully on the ground. In order that my face
does not get sore from my nose and cheeks pressing into
the floor, I like to mold my hands underneath my face in
order to cradle it comfortably. I also usually turn my face
to the left a little bit. This is a very restful position that is
good for reverent contemplation, and is yet not very con-
ducive to falling asleep. It is absolutely essential that
when you are searching for your “pet position” for con-
templation, that you find a comfortable posture which at
the same time is not going to put you to sleep. Divine
contemplation works best when you are restful, and
somewhere between being asleep and awake.
Full prostration is a restful position that doesn’t
necessarily put you to sleep—but not all the time. Some-
times you do fall asleep, and that’s okay; especially when
you experience dreams from God! If you want to use a
Contemplation 77
pillow or blanket in a way to help you be more comfort-

able, then feel free; just make sure they don’t put you to
sleep—because sleep is one of the greatest distractions
from contemplation on God. As far as sitting before the
Lord is concerned, sometimes I like to do this cross-
legged with a comfortable blanket wrapped around me
and my back pushed up against a pillow; or simply sitting
upright in an armchair. Comfort and restfulness are im-
portant, but so is alertness. Finding a contemplative pos-
ture is all about finding that happy middle place between
restfulness and alertness. And more than anything, a
good contemplative posture needs to be maintained in
stillness of your body. Stillness of body is essential to
stilling and quieting your five senses: touching, tasting,
seeing, hearing, and smelling. When your physical senses
have been successfully stilled, then it becomes easier to
hear the still small voice of God. So, try not to be like a
wiggle worm when you are entering divine contempla-
tion, but rather try to be like a rock solid cocoon.
Next, I want us to examine the interior conditions
of the soul as we are entering into divine contemplation.
In my opinion, three interior things are absolutely neces-
sary for a fruitful time of divine contemplation. By this
point we have set the stage in the physical realm through
finding a time frame, solitude, silence, and a contempla-
tive posture. Now it is time for us to set the stage in the
spiritual realm through the interior practices of concen-
trating on God, loving God, and fearing God.
(1) Concentrating on God
Concentrating on God, loving God, and fearing

God. These three things combine into a one-pointed ex-
perience of concentrated attention on God. This brings
the mystic into a combined experience of attention and
intention towards God. The mind’s imagination is exer-
cised to concentrate on God through the power of atten-
tion. The heart’s will is exercised to feel after God with
love and reverence through the power of intention. Con-
centrating on God is the simple, but rigorous act of
keeping the mind so focused on God, that you allow
no intruding thoughts or images to remain but God
alone. Distracting feelings, thoughts, and mental images
are brought under control to the best of your ability. Clos-
ing your eyes, you push the distractions away—all of
them away, except for the thought or image of God. (We
have already said that some contemplatives are against
using a mental image of God to contemplate. What they
do is simply contemplate the thought of God or the sim-
ple idea of God. They concentrate on the abstract thought
of God as being present in Spirit or in Heaven.)
In my view, mystics should feel at liberty to con-
template both the thought of God and a contrived image
of God or Jesus in the mind. You may do this by imagin-
ing the face of Jesus and staring at Him in your imagina-
tion without allowing yourself to become distracted. The
Bible says that we should fix our eyes on Jesus (Heb.
12:2). Another method is to imagine God the Father and
the Son sitting on their thrones in Heaven. Another
Contemplation 79
method, that taught by St. Teresa of Avila, is to imagine

God sitting on the throne of your heart within you (The
Way of Perfection, Chapter 28). If you are a non-
imaginative mystic, then concentration on God will take
the form of imageless contemplation on the abstract con-
cept of God. This is lawful, and not a Hindu or New Age
practice, as some may think. Non-imaginative Christian
mystics are not contemplating an impersonal force, but
the personal God of the Bible, just without any mental
imagery. The abstract and imageless contemplation of
God may be difficult for some, but to those that can prac-
tice it, I think it might be more fruitful, because of the
absolute simplicity of it.
In my opinion, concentrating on God is the es-
sence of divine contemplation. For mystics that are non-
imaginative, they focus on God in Spirit without any
mental image—they usually see nothing but the blackness
of their imagination as their eyes are closed. For mystics
that are imaginative, they focus on God in Spirit, and
with the help of their imagination, they try to form an im-
age of God to focus on. All of this should be done with
closed eyes. The goal is to get rid of all distractions:
physical, mental, and emotional. Detachment from your
physical surroundings is a key. Concentrate on Jesus,
close your eyes, and try to lose your awareness of your
surroundings. If you press into God for long enough—in
my experience at least 15 minutes—eventually God’s
Spirit will fill you and help you to enter into a powerful
concentration on God which some call “infused contem-
plation.”
This loss of awareness of external surroundings is

what St. Teresa called “the prayer of recollection”: it is a
light ecstasy in which you feel yourself shrink into your
belly to be with the indwelling Holy Spirit (The Interior
Castle 4.3). The Cloud of Unknowing (1300s) recom-
mends that concentrating mystics should try to forget
every creature that God has made. Because when we for-
get everything in the world except God, we zero into
that one-pointed center of the target: God. If we attain
that blessed state of perfect concentration on God with no
distractions, then we have entered into a spiritual experi-
ence that has been called by several names. St. Teresa
called it “the prayer of union” (The Interior Castle 5.1).
This is a temporary experience of union with God; and
this is when you feel God’s presence. Your spirit and His
Spirit have merged together into a loving spiritual com-
munion. “He who unites himself with the Lord is one
with Him in Spirit” (1 Cor. 6:17). Oh, how wonderful and
peaceful this is! Hearing God’s still small voice in your
mind can happen during this quiet union (1 Kings 19:12),
as well as seeing mental pictures in your imagination.
These spiritual voices and visions can sometimes be de-
monic or from your own brain, so it is important to prac-
tice spiritual discernment, which we’ll deal with in the
next chapter.
(2) Loving God
The act of concentrating on God is mainly an act of

the mind, but the acts of loving God and fearing God are
Contemplation 81
acts of the heart. Concentration, by itself, is mainly an act

of attention on God. Loving God, by itself, is an active
motion of your will, where you decide to reach out to
God’s Spirit with your feelings. Loving God, in the affec-
tive sense I’m describing it here, is exercising your will
towards God with intention. There are many definitions
of love, because there are different kinds of love. The
love I’m describing here is not agape (God’s love for
creation), not storge (parental love for a child), not phileo
(love between friends), and not eros (sexual desire). This
is a spiritual love, but it is not agape which is directed
from God to man. This is a love which is directed from
man to God. The American Heritage Dictionary has a
definition for love that says, “To have a feeling of intense
desire and attraction toward a person.” This love is a love
of attraction. It is desiring Someone’s presence: God’s
presence. That’s the kind of love I’m talking about. We
are actively and willfully reaching out with our feel-
ings, and desiring to feel the presence of God. That is
what I mean by an act of pure intention in loving God. It
is the second interior act that mixes into the experience of
concentrating on God.
(3) Fearing God
The third interior act to throw into the contempla-

tive mix is the act of fearing God. This fearful reverence
is when we approach God with a spirit of humility, awe,
and wonder. The Bible refers to this attitude as “the fear
of the Lord” (Prov. 9:10). This is not the same kind of
fear that a man might have of men, beasts, or demons (2

Tim. 1:7). All of those are creatures. But this is the fear of
the Creator I’m talking about. Jesus said, “I tell you, My
friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body and
after that can do no more. But I will show you whom you
should fear: Fear Him who, after the killing of the
body, has power to throw you into Hell. Yes, I tell you,
fear Him” (Luke 12:4-5). God is all-knowing, all-
powerful, and transcendent. In the former intention of
loving God, we are reaching out with our feelings to
touch our immanent and tender Father. But in order to
keep ourselves from falling into a lovey-dovey heretical
view of God, we add a dose of divine reverence into the
mix. This makes our intention in approaching God a
mixed one, but not a confused one. The fear of the Lord
is not a spirit that is going to make you want to run away
from God; if it were, then that would contradict the lov-
ing desire of drawing near to God. Rather, what it will do
is lovingly press you into the floor as you lie prostrate
under God’s almighty power. You will get a sense of
your littleness and of God’s greatness; you will under-
stand the great gap between your sinfulness and God’s
holiness; and you will know how strong He is and how
weak you are. It will press you down to the earth with
divine humility. Yes, we need to love God’s presence
and approach Him dearly as a Spouse—but also as the
Creator of all things, great and terrifying in power.
Contemplation 83
Rest and Concentrate on God
Divine contemplation is a beautiful gift from God.

It is the doorway to God through which Jesus paid the
price on the cross for our entry (Heb. 10:19). Yes, it re-
quires discipline, skill, and discernment. But it also re-
quires rest. It is a peaceful practice, but not so peaceful
and restful that you don’t stay concentrated on God. We
must strive to enter the rest of God (Heb. 4:11). Some of
the followers of Madame Guyon, known as the Quietists,
got addicted to spiritual comforts so much that they
lapsed into a mental passivity similar to Zen meditation.
However, there is no evidence that Guyon herself prac-
ticed such non-concentrated spiritual absorption. Many
Christians today still find inspiration from her book, Ex-
periencing the Depths of Jesus Christ (1975).3 As a final
word of encouragement to mystics everywhere: Set a
time frame, find solitude, find silence, find a comfortable
contemplative posture, concentrate on God, love God,
and fear God. Mix all of this together into one quiet
concentration on God and you will eventually experi-
ence Him. Because of this, the next section is going to
deal with the different spiritual experiences that arise in
divine contemplation. Remember, all of these experiences
come from one simple principle: being still, and knowing
that God is God (Ps. 46:10a).
3
This was the easy-to-read modern English version that was translated
by Gene Edwards during the Charismatic movement. The original title
of the book was A Short and Easy Method of Prayer (1685).
To-The-Point Instructions for Divine Contemplation
If you are a beginner to the practice of contempla-

tion, then maybe digesting this chapter has been difficult
for you. You may be thinking to yourself, “All of this is a
lot of information. I just want to know how to contemplate
God!” Well, if that is you, then I’m going to give some
point-by-point instructions right now for how to contem-
plate God. If you follow every one of these instructions
carefully, then you will eventually start to experience
spiritual visions and voices, as well as other things. So,
you must be ready for those kinds of experiences. How-
ever, most of the time you will be immersed in silence
and the blackish color of your imagination, because your
eyes will be closed. So here we go. Because these points
are simple and practical, they have power to bring you
out of your rational mind and into a contemplative state.
HOW TO ENTER DIVINE CONTEMPLATION:
1. Find a quiet place where you can be all alone.
2. Lay prostrate on the floor.
3. Close your eyes; and try to concentrate on God for at

least 15 minutes.
4. Feel after God with loving reverence.

Spiritual Experiences 85
CHAPTER 4
SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES
Proceed With Caution
The purpose of this chapter is intended to reasonably

evaluate, confirm, and discern spiritual experiences and
revelations that may arise as we progress in the practice
of divine contemplation. If you have been practicing di-
vine contemplation for at least one month every day, then
there is a high probability that you have had some spiri-
tual experiences already. Some may have been from God,
your brain, or from demons. Richard Foster says, “In the
silent contemplation of God we are entering deeply into
the spiritual realm, and there is such a thing as supernatu-
ral guidance that is not divine guidance.”1 As we mature
in our contemplative practice we must grow in our spiri-
tual discernment. Spiritual discernment is essential to
experiencing God for real. Both our own minds and the
lying spirits that surround us daily can deceive us when
we are deeply contemplating God. If we are pursuing the
reality of God, then we must know how to reject the
imaginary and demonic counterfeits of Him.
I want to warn with utmost caution that spiritual
pride must be resisted strongly as we enter into this area
of Christian spirituality. Remember that every true spiri-
tual experience is a gift from God that we don’t deserve,
because He gives the gifts as He wills (1 Cor. 12:11); and
1
every false spiritual experience is either the product of

our imagination or a demon. Therefore, we have no rea-
son to be prideful of our revelations, but only thankful to
God for them. We should have no pride of our achieve-
ments in contemplation either, because to get very far in
it, we greatly need the help of the Holy Spirit. Any divine
experience justifies thanking God, not gloating over our-
selves for being spiritual prophets or mystics.
Also, we need to avoid obsession with spiritual
gifts—because these naturally distract us from a simple
concentration on Jesus. Madame Guyon, one of the great-
est spiritual masters in church history, strongly believed
that spiritual gifts have a tendency to distract people from
God Himself. Charismatics too easily become enamored
with dreams, visions, and voices—that they become dis-
tracted from contemplating the simple person of Jesus
Christ. If we are to make spiritual progress, then Guyon
says that we need to cease from being dazzled by spiritual
experiences. We need to “get used to” spiritual experi-
ences, and then move on from dwelling on them too
much, and get refocused on God Himself. This orienta-
tion will only bring us into a deeper relationship with
God in our contemplative life.
This does not mean to avoid spiritual gifts, only to
avoid obsession with them. This is not about becoming an
“open but cautious” Charismatic that never allows him-
self to believe in a prophetic experience. This is about
getting beyond the initial obsession that consumes Chris-
tians when they first discover the reality of dreams and
visions. After several months or years, it is wise to get
over visionary obsession, dream interpretation, words of

knowledge, praying for healing, and so forth. Spiritual
gifts are good, and will be experienced in God’s good
time, but the highest achievement in the spiritual life is to
move beyond a deep-seated interest in spiritual gifts, and
into a beyond-the-gifts lifestyle where everything is about
Jesus. Gifts then become merely an add-on to the Chris-
tian’s simple focus on Jesus. If our affections are de-
tached from a love of dreams, visions, and such, then it
will be easier for us to maintain a simple attachment to
Christ; and not be distracted from Jesus, even by super-
natural phenomena. Miracles can distract us from God
Himself.
Lastly, in addition to the need for discernment and
humility regarding revelations, we also need to exercise
self-control with regard to how we share these revela-
tions with others. “A prudent man keeps his knowledge to
himself, but the heart of fools blurts out folly” (Prov.
12:23). When you first begin to experience dreams, vi-
sions, voices, impressions, and signs—it can be tempting
to share them with everybody. But don’t do that. You
know that they’re real, but most people don’t. Most peo-
ple explain away all revelations as hallucinations, and
they are likely to consider all of your spiritual experi-
ences as such (and it doesn’t matter if you’re mentally
healthy). If you are too open about revelations around the
wrong people, they might think that you have developed
schizophrenia, and maybe try to get you admitted to a
mental hospital. And believe me, you don’t want any of
that! Take my advice and generally share your supernatu-
ral experiences with people that you trust—with people

that believe in the supernatural. In some cases, sharing
experiences applies to power evangelism. But if you
know that someone’s heart is closed to the supernatural,
and they have the ability to put you in a mental hospital,
then please refrain from sharing your experiences with
them, because they will usually think you are going crazy
(2 Kings 9:11).
Rules for the Discernment of Spirits
In the prophetic movement based out of Kansas

City, there is a “discernment” catch-phrase that has de-
veloped. It is based on John 10:4-5, 27. In essence, Jesus
said, “My sheep hear My voice and the voice of a
stranger they will not follow.” There are many godly
prophetic teachers today that adhere to this catch-phrase
as if it were enough to bear for that weighty statement in
1 John 4:1: “Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but
test the spirits to see whether they are from God, be-
cause many false prophets have gone out into the world.”
From the perspective of mystical theology, this “discern-
ment” catch-phrase is by far not enough to examine those
subtle spiritual motions, experiences, and revelations that
come from the other world. I’m not saying that John
10:4-5, 27 is not true, but that some people’s application
of it is too limited. Beginning in the 1500s, mystical the-
ology started to get more advanced and in-depth as far as
cataloging spiritual experiences and developing what
have come to be called “rules for the discernment of spir-
its.” The sixteenth century Saints Teresa of Avila, John of

the Cross, and Ignatius of Loyola—the three Counter-
Reformers—all wrote extensively on mystical theology.
Since their time, mystical theologians have built on their
work, such as G. B. Scaramelli, Augustin Poulain, Adol-
phe Tanquerey, Albert Farges, and Benedict Groeschel.
They have produced detailed works on spiritual mysteries
and principles for discerning the true from the counterfeit.
And, in fact, some of the major writers of prophetic
manuals in the Kansas City movement, such as James
Goll and Chuck Pierce, have produced works that have
their own set of rules for spiritual discernment, which are
additionally helpful.
But the whole “rules for the discernment of spirits”
thing began with section 313-336 of The Spiritual Exer-
cises (1548) of St. Ignatius of Loyola, which was the first
well developed treatment of the subject. Mystical theolo-
gians like Augustin Poulain would later have a list of
rules that would by far exceed the amount that St. Igna-
tius laid out. Basically, these “rules” are built around the
simple idea that one can more easily detect a true or false
spiritual experience by applying some simple tests. Each
“rule” serves as a test for a spiritual experience to pass.
For example, if a vision passes the test of 3 discernment
rules, then its likelihood of being from God is good. But
if a vision passes the test of 25 discernment rules, then it
is probably from God, if not certainly from God. The phi-
losophy behind the whole system is: the more rules, the
better. In my view, an extensive study of discernment
rules is very good. However, it can tend towards an un-
healthy trend away from one of the most vital elements of

spirituality: simplicity. Too much intellectualism and ra-
tionalization can lead to spiritual insensitivity and a deaf-
ening of our spiritual senses! That would negate the entire
world of spiritual experience! On the one hand we need
to keep it simple and just concentrate on God with love
and reverence. On the other hand, we need to be aware of
the devil’s schemes so that he does not outwit us through
counterfeit spiritual experiences that may arise during
times of divine contemplation (2 Cor. 2:11).
I am going to give a list of Augustin Poulain’s rules
for the discernment of spirits that were based on the work
of prior mystical theologians and his own experience. But
before I do that, I want us to remember to keep it simple.
There is something to be praised about the simplicity of
the “discernment” catch-phrase of the prophetic move-
ment. Now if only we could give some substance to the
meaning of what the Shepherd’s voice sounds like, and
what a stranger’s voice sounds like. We don’t want to
hear the devil’s voice but Jesus’ voice, right? Then let us
know a few simple things. In my examination of St. Igna-
tius’ original discernment rules, I formed the simple opin-
ion that holy feelings and holy thoughts are the two ba-
sic aspects of a spiritual experience from God. If the fol-
lowing list becomes overwhelming for you, then just re-
member these two rules to guide you to Jesus’ voice: holy
feelings and holy thoughts. Holy feelings consist of
things like an increase of hope, faith, love, joy, and peace.
Holy thoughts are pure thoughts—things that make you
want to be good, righteous, honest, and obedient to God’s
commandments. The fruit of the Spirit is basically the

best test of whether or not a spiritual experience is from
God. This includes love, joy, peace, patience, kindness,
goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control (Gal.
5:22-23). You will often find that PEACE and HOLI-
NESS are recurring rules among different lists. I once
asked an experienced prophetess how she knows God’s
voice from other voices, and she told me that when God
speaks there is peace.
Now we will turn to outline some rules for the dis-
cernment of spirits as they were laid out by Augustin
Poulain over 100 years ago in Part IV of The Graces of
Interior Prayer (1910). I will put the page number of
each rule in parentheses—e.g., (71).2 With the help of the
Holy Spirit, may these guide you as you walk in the pro-
phetic, and as you try to discern the revelations that you
receive from the spiritual realm. These rules are designed
as such:
A REVELATION IS PROBABLY DIVINE IF…
1. It begins with the fear of the Lord, but becomes peace (88-9)
2. It produces holy tears (99)
3. It encourages holiness and doesn’t focus on nonessentials (82)
4. It doesn’t justify a personal desire (90-1)
5. It doesn’t portray angels or saints as deformed (86)
2
Augustin Poulain, Revelations and Visions: Discerning the True
and the Certain from the False or the Doubtful (New York: Alba
House, 1998), Chapters 2-4; Part IV of The Graces of Interior Prayer
(1910).
6. It doesn’t make women have spiritual authority over men (92)

7. It’s confirmed by miracles or divine coincidences (65-6)
8. It’s not borrowed from the prophet’s natural knowledge (68-9)
9. It’s tested by trials and tribulations (74-6)
10. It’s theologically, historically, and scientifically sound (79)
11. It’s not sinful according to the Bible (80, 84)
12. It’s about salvation issues (83)
13. It’s about a bold and useful mission (91-2)
14. It’s stood the test of time (92-3)
15. It’s produced good fruit (93)
16. It’s approved of by spiritual leaders (93, 126-7)
17. The prophet is physically, mentally, and morally healthy (67-8)
18. The prophet experiences holy feelings (70-1)
19. The prophet is not in bondage to ascetic practices (71)
20. The prophet is humble (72)
21. The prophet has had ecstasy in divine contemplation (73)
22. The prophet cautiously fears demonic deception (77)
23. The prophet allows friends to judge his revelations (77)
24. The prophet doesn’t misrepresent righteous leaders as evil (81)
These are 24 rules for the acquired discernment of

spirits that I’ve extracted from Chapter 3 of Poulain’s
work; the chapter is entitled: “Course To Be Followed In
Our Judgments With Regard To Revelations.” But there
are still more rules that have been given to help us in the
discernment process. I have four more lists to share. The
first two lists are designed to help prophets safeguard
themselves from falling into delusions, illusions, and
false revelations—these lists are based on Chapter 2 of
Poulain’s work. The last two lists are designed to help
both spiritual leaders and prophets to deal with revela-
tions in a clear-headed and reasonable fashion—these
lists are based on Chapter 4 of Poulain’s work.
Now I will present the two lists from Chapter 2 that are
designed to safeguard prophets from false revelations:
Five Distortions of True Revelations From God:
1. Misinterpreting Revelations (33-7)

2. Assuming Visions Are 100% Historically Accurate (37-40)
3. Assuming True Revelations Are 100% from God (40-9)
4. Misrepresentations of Impressions (48-9)
5. Exaggerations About Revelations (49-50)
Five Kinds of False Revelations:
1. When Witches Pretend to Be Christian Prophets (51-2)

2. Overactive Imagination with No Holy Feelings (52-3)
3. Cryptomnesia: Remembering a Forgotten Idea as if it Were a
Revelation from God (53-5, 102)3
4. Demonic Counterfeits (55-6)
5. Inventions of False Revelations (56-60)
Finally, the last two lists are from Chapter 4 of Poulain’s

work, and they deal with proper conduct in regards to
3
Cryptomnesia is when one invents an idea from his own mind, for-
gets the idea, and later remembers the idea; but he thinks it is a reve-
lation from God when he remembers it, because he doesn’t recall
inventing the idea at all. For example, a man may come up with the
idea of starting a certain business, but he forgets about it. Later on in
his life, he remembers the idea of starting that business—but it is as
if he experiences the idea for the first time all over again. What’s
more, is that this time he has no memory of inventing the idea of
starting a business a long time ago. The error comes when he inter-
prets this remembered idea as if it were a revelation from God.
how prophets and their spiritual leaders are to respond to

revelations:
Seven Rules for the Spiritual Leaders of Prophets:
1. Take Time to Discern Revelations (105)

2. Don’t Approve of a Revelation Until You Know It’s True (106)
3. If a Revelation is Questionable, Be Gentle to the Prophet (106)
4. Ask for Signs and Wonders from Prophets that Require Someone
Else to Obey One of Their Revelations (113-14)
5. Direct the Prophet to Holiness (114-15)
6. Avoid Being Controlled By a Prophet (115)
7. The Spiritual Leader and Prophet Should Pray for Insight (116)
Seven Rules for Prophets:
1. Submit Revelations to Spiritual Leaders (116-17)

2. Be Slow to Trust a Revelation (117)
3. Do Not Pray for the Gift of Prophecy (118)
4. Resist All Private Revelations (119-23)4
4
Rules 3 and 4 in this list are mainly from St. John of the Cross’ The
Ascent of Mount Carmel (1578), Book II. Because I disagree with
him about these two rules, I have grayed them out. His concern is
valid in that he seeks to caution prophets against being too enthusias-
tic about experiencing revelations, because it is a zeal that can easily
be deceived by the devil. However, I believe that this is legalistically
going beyond what is written in the Bible: “Eagerly desire spiritual
gifts, especially the gift of prophecy…be eager to prophesy” (1
Cor. 14:1, 39). See also the apostle Paul’s prayer for others to re-
ceive private revelations in Ephesians 1:17-19. Rather than resisting
revelations, we should be content to pray for God to give us a wise
5. If a Revelation is Demonic, Don’t Insult Satan (123; Jude 1:9)

6. If You Experience Revelations, Then Focus on Holiness (124)
7. Be Calm and Patient if Spiritual Leaders Disagree with a True
Revelation (124)
A Catalog of Spiritual Experiences
Now that we have gone over these lists of rules for

the discernment of spirits, I will now go on to catalog
every spiritual experience that I know about. The reason
for this is to confirm and affirm you mystics out there that
are hungry to experience God. Sometimes when begin-
ning mystics start to receive real spiritual experiences,
they doubt and question themselves, “Is this God or
not?” But surely, after you have read the catalog of spiri-
tual experiences that I am about to present, you will feel
more confident in knowing that they are from God. For
2,000 years Christian mystics have been experiencing
what we are about to study: everything from ecstatic
states, to dreams, visions, and voices, to interior fire, and
spiritual drunkenness. Many of these spiritual experiences
happen during divine contemplation, but some of them
happen during ordinary times of the day. But, usually
they happen more often to people that are well practiced
in divine contemplation, because they have opened up
their spiritual senses to the spiritual realm. The catalog is
as follows: I have chosen the number 4 to designate
and discerning mind about the divine revelations that we are eager to
experience.
Chapter 4 of this book and the verse numbers to designate

each spiritual experience. The topical headings of the first
12 verses are influenced by Chapter 3 of G. B. Scara-
melli’s A Handbook of Mystical Theology (1754); so of-
ten in fact are the first 12 experiences known in divine
contemplation, that he considered them “grades of con-
templation.”
4.1. Recollection
4.2. Spiritual Silence
4.3. The Prayer of Quiet
4.4. The Intoxication of Love
4.5. Spiritual Sleep
4.6. The Thirst of Love
4.7. Divine Touches
4.8. Mystical Union
4.9. Ecstasies and Rapture
4.10. Spiritual Marriage
4.11. The Flame of Love
4.12. The Wounds of Love
4.13. Spiritual Voices
4.14. Dreams and Visions
4.15. Spiritual Impressions
4.16. The Gifts of the Spirit
4.17. Supernatural Coincidences
4.18. Tongues
4.19. The Spirit of Prayer
4.20. Holy Laughter
4.21. Healing and Deliverance
4.22. Nature Miracles
4.1. Recollection. During divine contemplation, some-

times mystics have experienced the feeling of shrinking
within themselves. The reason for this is that the Holy
Spirit dwells within believers in Jesus (1 Cor. 3:16). Be-
cause the Spirit lives within our inner regions—near
our bellies (John 7:38, KJV), it is no wonder that God
would call our souls to feel a shrinking sensation in-
ward to feel nearer to Him. It is a comforting sensation,
sort of like cuddling close to Daddy, only deep inside of
your belly. This is a light ecstatic experience—a pulling
out of our natural senses—and into the inner realm of the
spirit within us where God dwells. We are not God, but
His creatures. However, God indwells our hearts if we are
true Christians. This fact can be experienced and known
through recollection. In this experience, we slightly or
strongly lose awareness of our bodily senses, and we gen-
tly retire into the center of our hearts to feel the indwell-
ing presence of the Holy Spirit. It is a comforting, peace-
ful presence of God within. This can sometimes happen
with the eyes open, and outside of contemplation, in the
most ordinary times of the day—but if that is the case it
presses one towards an intense desire to contemplate
God.
4.2. Spiritual Silence. During divine contemplation, after

already having entered into the interior shrinking of rec-
ollection, one experiences an intensification of concen-
tration on God. This intensification brings about a still-
ness of the bodily senses. The body becomes still and un-
disturbed. A few moments ago, the mystic was easy to
distract, but now his attention is so centered and tuned

into God, that all is silent and still. Only God is in the
mind. Everything else has vanished. The mystic rests in
the tranquility of God’s presence, and he experiences “the
peace of God, which transcends all understanding” (Php.
4:7).
4.3. The Prayer of Quiet. The peace that the mystic just
began to experience at the end of spiritual silence,
quickly turns into what St. Teresa of Avila called “the
prayer of quiet.” Whereas spiritual silence was an experi-
ence of bodily stillness and the attention being intensely
fixed upon God, the prayer of quiet is an emotional ex-
perience where the presence of God floods the inner
spirit with great peace. “The peace of God, which tran-
scends all understanding” (Php. 4:7), continues on and
expands from the inner regions of the spirit and extends
to flood both the soul and body. The mystic’s whole be-
ing—spirit, soul, and body—become flooded and over-
whelmed with great peace and spiritual comfort. Also, the
contemplator knows that he knows he is not merely con-
templating God anymore, but that he is feeling the pres-
ence of God. He is feeling the Holy Spirit, whom Jesus
called “the Comforter” (John 14:26, KJV). This is a de-
light and increases your faith. I echo the mystics when I
say that there is nothing greater in the world than feeling
the presence of God.
4.4. The Intoxication of Love. After one has been in the

prayer of quiet, with its great peace and comfort of God’s
presence, the mystic can enter into a rare and glorious

experience of divine contemplation called “the intoxica-
tion of love” or “spiritual drunkenness” (see Jer. 29:3;
Acts 2:15). This also happens during Charismatic wor-
ship. Internally, the mystic feels the high joy of the Lord
(Neh. 8:10). You may have heard the catch-phrase,
“There’s no high like the Most High!” That phrase says it
all. It may produce strange physical manifestations in the
body, such as sudden “jerks” of the arms and legs; and
spontaneous desires to praise God in tongues, shout
praise, cry, sing, or dance before the Lord. Clearly, this is
no longer a quiet and still experience. It is a sudden ex-
ultation of joy from being in the presence of God. The
mystic’s spirit gets excited, because he knows he’s in
God’s presence! The Toronto Blessing, considered by
some to be the power of God, is a spiritual phenomenon
that broke out in 1994 through the ministry of Randy
Clark. It has been a source of much controversy in Char-
ismatic and Evangelical Christianity. Most of the contro-
versy has revolved around the physical manifestations I
just mentioned; others include loss of bodily strength,
heavy breathing, eyes fluttering, lips trembling, oil on the
body, changes in skin color, weeping, staggering, travail-
ing, falling, visions, voices, mental sounds, inspired ut-
terances, jumping, rolling, screaming, and the inability to
speak normally.
But there are some manifestations that are espe-
cially bizarre to critics, such as “holy laughter” and “ani-
mal sounds.”5 Personally, I believe the Toronto Blessing

is a real intoxication of divine love, and should be sought
out as one of God’s greatest mystical gifts. It can be re-
ceived through the laying on of hands (Acts 8:17). Two
books that I endorse in support of this spiritual blessing
are Guy Chevreau’s Catch the Fire (1994) and John Ar-
nott’s The Father’s Blessing (1995). Because the intoxi-
cation of love is an ecstatic yet contemplative experience,
Toronto Airport Christian Fellowship (Catch The Fire
Toronto), who dispenses the blessing more than any
other, has come to regularly refer to divine contemplation
as “soaking prayer,” as in soaking oneself in the presence
of God. However, we should be aware that there is a
New Age counterfeit for the intoxication experience
called “the kundalini awakening.” The difference is
not really the physical manifestations, but the so-
called “revelation” that you are “one” with everything
and are divine—pure Hindu mysticism. Many Charis-
matics and Evangelicals that are critical of the Toronto
Blessing, such as Andrew Strom, insist that the Toronto
Blessing is not the power of the Holy Spirit, but a de-
monic kundalini manifestation.6 This is only because of
the resemblance between the physical manifestations of
5
“Animal sounds” are considered to be symbolic expressions of the
Holy Spirit—when they are holy. They are considered prophetic
signs that need to be interpreted. For more on this topic, see Chapter
11 of John Arnott’s The Father’s Blessing (1995) and Manifestations
& Prophetic Symbolism in a Move of the Spirit (2008).
6
See Andrew Strom’s Kundalini Warning (2010).
the Toronto Blessing and the kundalini awakening. How-

ever, I contend that the real kundalini experience will
actually lead a person into Hinduism and away from a
strict faith in Jesus.
When teaching on the discernment of evil spirits,
Jesus said, “You will know them by their fruits”
(Matt. 7:16, NKJV). The concept of spiritual fruit was
expanded by the apostle Paul: “The fruit of the Spirit is
love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithful-
ness, gentleness, and self-control” (Gal. 5:22-23). This is
the standard by which to test spirits and mystical phe-
nomena. This is what Jesus had in mind when he said,
“You will know them by their fruits.” Jesus did not say,
“You will know them by their physical manifesta-
tions.” Just because the physical manifestations of the
Toronto Blessing are similar to the physical manifesta-
tions of the kundalini awakening—it doesn’t mean that
the Toronto Blessing is the kundalini awakening. The
contrary is true. Many people that have experienced the
physical manifestations of the Toronto Blessing have also
experienced an increase of love, joy, peace, patience,
kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-
control. And more importantly, devotion to JESUS.
However, sometimes there are New Age Christians
who practice Yoga and Transcendental Meditation—who
have also gotten into the Toronto Blessing. It is no won-
der then that these people have received a kundalini
spirit, but have blamed the Toronto Blessing for its de-
structive effects. The kundalini spirit is a spirit of
witchcraft from India. It oppresses and possesses people
through the practice of Yoga, which brings one into union

with Brahman—the god of Hinduism. That is the true
kundalini spirit. The Toronto Blessing has nothing to do
with that, but rather opposes it, because it draws people
into a deeper relationship with Jesus through the Holy
Spirit.
4.5. Spiritual Sleep. What often happens when one re-

ceives God’s anointing or the Toronto Blessing—and
usually through the laying on of hands—is that the recipi-
ent “falls out under the power” or is “slain in the Spirit”
as Pentecostals say. This spiritual phenomenon has been
faked and misunderstood by many, and should not be un-
derstood as simply resting on the floor while thinking
about God. This is an authentic spiritual experience
like an ecstasy or a trance. What happens is that the
mystic—whether in divine contemplation or receiving
impartation through the laying on of hands—receives a
portion of the power of God upon his body. The power of
God then weakens him, he faints, and falls to the floor.
“The priests could not stand to minister because of the
cloud; for the glory of the Lord filled the house of God”
(2 Chron. 5:14, RSV). Then he goes into a half-asleep
state where he enjoys the peace of God in his soul. “I
sleep, but my heart is awake” (Song 5:2, NKJV). He is
unable to move his body, because it is temporarily para-
lyzed by God’s Spirit. So, he lies still on the floor and
enjoys the presence of God within. He may hear God’s
voice and experience visions vividly. The counterfeit of
this experience is hypnosis and is practiced by psychics,
hypnotherapists, and stage hypnotists. Whereas the genu-

ine Holy Spirit experience involves enjoyment of the
peace of God, the counterfeit comes from demon power.
4.6. The Thirst of Love. Also called “aridity” or “the

dark night of the soul,” to use St. John of the Cross’ ex-
pression, this is a spiritual dryness that one experiences
on-and-off throughout the Christian life. Once a mystic
has gotten used to feeling the presence of God in worship
or contemplation, he becomes keenly aware of the times
when the presence of God seems to have left him. Jesus
appears to have experienced this on the cross because He
said, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?”
(Matt. 27:46). The Christian’s spiritual life consists of
deserts and oases; highs and lows; ups and downs. There
are times when the presence of God is strongly manifest
and tangible; but times when it is almost impossible to
feel the Holy Spirit, even after long sessions of worship
and contemplation of Jesus.
In this dark night, doubt increases and faith is
weakened. One is not that aware of the reality of the
spiritual realm or the existence of God. Atheism is tempt-
ing the rational mind. Philosophical materialism—the
concept that everything is physical—also assails the soul.
All that is mystical, spiritual, and supernatural is brought
into question—and it requires an ardent will to resist
these notions of unbelief. But deep down inside, the man
knows that God is real and that there is a spiritual realm.
He asks God to forgive him for doubting. He remembers
the good old days when God’s manifest presence was so
near, the desire to pray was frequent, and spiritual experi-

ences were abounding. He develops a thirst for the pres-
ence of God again, and eventually starts to desire to wor-
ship and contemplate God. This spiritual thirsting be-
comes satisfied once God blesses the mystic with His
presence again, as well as voices and dreams and visions.
4.7. Divine Touches. These are spontaneous experi-

ences of feeling God’s presence. Usually they happen
outside of the context of prayer and worship during or-
dinary times of the day. G. B. Scaramelli says, “They
occur as a rule unexpectedly, very often during conversa-
tion.”7 You may be at the mall, or at Walmart, at McDon-
ald’s, or talking with a friend—and POW! You feel the
Holy Ghost! You have been touched by God and you ex-
perience a heightened awareness of God’s presence near
you. You may feel like praising God in tongues. You may
fall out under the power of God in public. This sudden
awareness or consciousness of God increases your faith
in God’s existence and fills you with the fear of the Lord.
You suddenly give God your undivided attention as your
spiritual consciousness is opened up through a spontane-
ous spiritual impression of God’s presence. You suddenly
feel God’s Spirit near you, and you feel great excitement
and reverence.
4.8. Mystical Union. While in a concentrated state of

Charismatic worship or divine contemplation, the mystic
7
G. B. Scaramelli, A Handbook of Mystical Theology, p. 64.
may lose both his self-consciousness and world-

consciousness, and become conscious of nothing but
God. In this high concentration on God, the mind is set on
God and only God—all other things have been success-
fully pushed out. Therefore, it is a light ecstasy where one
is “lost in God.” There are no distractions whatsoever,
because the mind has become perfectly fixed on God
(Heb. 12:2). In the feelings, the mystic’s heart is enli-
vened with an emotional love for God’s presence. This is
the highest grade of contemplation, the highest goal: “He
who unites himself with the Lord is one with Him in
Spirit” (1 Cor. 6:17). This should not be mistaken for the
feeling of “oneness” with the universe in the New Age.
Rather, in mystical Christianity, this is a feeling of being
attached to the presence of God.
4.9. Ecstasies and Rapture. In the deep contemplation of

God, in the deep God-consciousness of mystical union, in
that divine cloud of unknowing, in the comfort of the
Holy Spirit, come the various grades of ecstasy. Acts
10:9-10 says, “About noon the following day as they
were on their journey and approaching the city, Peter
went up on the roof to pray. He became hungry and
wanted something to eat, and while the meal was being
prepared, he fell into a trance.” This last word, “trance”
is translated from the Greek word ekstasis or ecstasy. It is
a compound word: ek (out) + stasis (state). In other
words, it means “out of one’s regular mental state.”
“Static” is a term that we use to describe that which stays
put and constant. Therefore, to be ec-static or “out of”
that which is “static” means a deviation from that which

is normal.
The normal mental state is our waking conscious-
ness. It is the state that we are in when we eat breakfast,
drive the car, engage in activities at work, clean the
house, and do other errands pertaining to the active life; it
is a lucid and alert state of mind. But ecstasy is not the
normal mental state. It is temporarily being “out of one’s
mind” in order to experience God in a heightened state of
spiritual consciousness. Profound visions are often ex-
perienced in a spiritual ecstasy. This should not be con-
fused with psychosis or mental illness. Those illnesses
are the products of a chemically imbalanced brain. If they
are not properly treated with antipsychotic medicines by a
psychiatrist, then they will produce effects on the mind
that would resemble a continual ecstasy. It is not God’s
will to put a mystic into a continuous ecstasy without
end; that would mean that the mystic would be continu-
ally out of his mind; he would no longer be able to func-
tion in the active life of eating, socializing, hygiene, and
work. The ecstasies that we are speaking of here are
only temporary spiritual experiences, lasting any-
where from a few seconds to 30 minutes to one hour.
There are different levels of ecstasy. There are light
ecstasies where one feels a pull away from physical con-
sciousness towards the inner realm of the spirit. Recollec-
tion, spiritual silence, the prayer of quiet, the intoxication
of love, divine touches, and mystical union are all experi-
ences that occur in a light ecstasy. Although they are all
different kinds of experiences, they all have one thing in
common: they all involve a slight loss of awareness of

one’s self-consciousness and physical surroundings. And
then there are strong ecstasies; these would include ex-
periences like spiritual sleep and raptures. Strong ecsta-
sies are more than being merely asleep though; in fact,
they are more like supernatural sleep. They can occur
with the eyes opened or closed; it doesn’t matter, because
the body becomes nothing but a shell while the personal-
ity has retreated into the inner realm of the spirit, either in
a dream, vision, or out-of-body experience (2 Cor. 12:2).
Scaramelli explains the effects on the body that a strong
ecstasy produces:
The loss of the use of the senses amounts to a con-

dition in which the eyes see nothing, however ob-
vious it may be; no sound, however loud, is heard;
no pain is felt even if the body be burnt or tor-
tured; nothing can be smelt or tasted; and there is a
complete inability to move. The necessary func-
tions of the body, such as the circulation of the
blood, of course continue, but it appears probable
that both the pulse and the respiration are sensibly
modified…the body becomes cold.8
Someone that is in a strong ecstasy may appear to be dead

or in a coma (Rev. 1:17), but the body continues to live
somehow. It can be very frightening for onlookers to see
someone in a strong ecstasy—often they don’t know
8
G. B. Scaramelli, A Handbook of Mystical Theology, pp. 73-74, 81.
whether or not to wait and pray, call a psychiatrist, 911,

or a funeral director. Strong ecstasies usually last no
longer than 30 minutes.9 My advice would be to call 911
if someone has been in a strong ecstasy for more than an
hour. At least that way an ambulance can come to get
EMTs to monitor the ecstatic’s vital signs, even if he re-
mains in ecstasy at the hospital.
Both light and strong ecstasies occur in a calm
manner through contemplation or a gradual ease by the
Holy Spirit. However, a rapture is a sudden strong ec-
stasy that comes upon the mystic. It may cause a sudden
jerking of the body, followed by instant flashings of im-
ages in the mind, and a quick loss of bodily control. The
body then quickly falls to the floor or “falls into a trance”
like Peter (Acts 10:10)—fainting in the Spirit, slaying in
the Spirit. Vivid, profound visions from God are often
experienced. In rare cases, like Enoch and Elijah and
Christ,
It is in rapture that levitation occurs (though it is

not of itself a proof of rapture), the body being
raised and held suspended in the air; and as this
may happen towards the beginning of the state,
and before the consciousness has been lost, it is
possible for the contemplative to realize what is
happening. If there be no levitation the body gen-
erally remains in the precise position it occupied
when the rapture commenced, and when the condi-
9
Ibid., p. 80.
tion has passed the body retains a feeling of health

and inexplicable lightness. Cases have also been
known in which rapture has had the effect of cur-
ing weakness or ill health.10
4.10. Spiritual Marriage. This phenomenon was first

described in detail by St. Teresa of Avila in 1577 (The
Interior Castle 7.2-3). After the mystic has well devel-
oped his spiritual senses through contemplation, for sev-
eral years, God eventually rewards him with a continual
awareness of His presence! The mystic’s spirit and
God’s Spirit are continually united and the man is aware
of it. This carries over into the mystic’s active life. Even
when he is not contemplating God, and is going about his
daily tasks, he still has a strong awareness of God’s pres-
ence with him and in him. Prior to this blessing, the mys-
tic received temporary experiences of feeling God’s pres-
ence, as in the mystical union or divine touches. But in
the spiritual marriage, he constantly feels the Holy Spirit
wherever he goes! “I no longer live, but Christ lives in
me” (Gal. 2:20a).
In St. Teresa’s experience, she had an intuitive im-
pression that the Trinity was dwelling within her. Some-
how she “knew that she knew” that the Father, Son, and
Holy Spirit were all one God, and enmeshed deep within
her spirit. She also saw a vision of Christ appearing to
her, and giving her a wedding ring, symbolizing a perma-
nent spiritual union with Himself. There’s no way to
10
Ibid., pp. 81-82.
know for sure that the Trinity and wedding ring experi-
ences always happen when someone experiences spiritual
marriage to Christ. But the essence of it is a continual
awareness of God’s presence with you at all times. This
brings great indescribable peace that never leaves you.
4.11. The Flame of Love. Once one has advanced in di-

vine contemplation enough, it is possible to experience an
inner spiritual impression called “the flame of love” or
The Fire of Love (1300s) as Richard Rolle came to call it.
In this book “he describes such unusual experiences of
intense heat around his heart that would cause him to
reach down to feel his chest to be sure that it was not lit-
erally on fire.”11
Richard Rolle Feeling the Fire of God’s Love
11
It is like a divine touch, but within your belly and

innermost heart. It is a “holy heartburn” of the pres-
ence of God within your belly. It is a way of God mak-
ing known His existence and love for the mystic. You
may call it interior fire, inner fire, spiritual fire, or mysti-
cal fire. But it is a feeling of intense heat that suddenly
manifests within the heart or belly; and it is the heat of
God’s presence. It is not easily mistaken for natural
heartburn caused by indigestion. This is not stomach acid
in the esophagus from reflux. This is a comforting
warmth in the belly and lower chest area; and through it,
God’s indwelling Spirit comforts the emotions. Scara-
melli says that it “is a certain hurt of love which occurs in
the spirit alone, and has the effect of healing the soul as
by burning—it is a touch of the fire of God which heals
all ills.”12 I like to call it interior fire or holy heartburn. It
usually occurs as a sign from the Spirit when the mys-
tic has received a revelation from God. When Jesus
explained to the two disciples the meaning of messianic
prophecy, they said, “Were not our hearts burning
within us while He talked with us on the road and
opened the Scriptures to us?” (Luke 24:32). When
John Wesley received the revelation of justification by
faith, he experienced the flame of love and famously
12
G. B. Scaramelli, A Handbook of Mystical Theology, pp. 91-92.
wrote, “I felt my heart strangely warmed.”13 For more on

this topic, see 4.15.1 on “gentle interior impressions.”
4.12. The Wounds of Love. Sometimes God inflicts

physical or emotional “wounds” upon His children in or-
der to prove their faith in Him to be genuine. This should
not be taken in the view that God is masochistic and loves
to hurt people. No, not at all. But the fact of the matter is
that man is born into sin, totally depraved, and the physi-
cal body naturally feels evil desires (Rom. 7:18). Catholic
theologians are right when they speak of “redemptive suf-
fering.” This teaching holds that while Christ’s suffering
and blood are sufficient to grant us the forgiveness of our
sins, our own personal sufferings that God brings us
through, in a mysterious way gradually release us from
the earthly penalty that we deserve for our sins. This does
not mean that we earn our salvation through suffering,
but that the justice of God is satisfied through our suffer-
ings caused by God. When we are forgiven of sin, we’re
forgiven—but that doesn’t mean we still won’t have con-
sequences to pay for these sins on Earth. God has His
ways of evening out these sins and consequences in our
lives through suffering (Heb. 12:5-6). Furthermore, when
we reverently offer up our sufferings to God as a sacrifice
to Him, in union with Christ’s passion, and in essence say
to God, “Not my will, but Yours be done” (Luke 22:42),
13
John Wesley in John and Charles Wesley: Selected Writings and
Hymns edited by Frank Whaling (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1981), p.
107; Journal, May 24, 1738, verse 14.
God has a way of purging sinful desires out of us. It’s

mysterious, but God can actually develop the fruit of the
Spirit in us—love, joy, peace, patience, etc (Gal. 5:22-
23)—through the sufferings that happen to us in our lives.
“Consider it pure joy, my brothers, whenever you
face trials of many kinds, because you know that the test-
ing of your faith develops perseverance” (James 1:2-3).
The apostle Peter said, “For a little while you may have
had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. These have come
so that your faith—of greater worth than gold, which
perishes even though refined by fire—may be proved
genuine and may result in praise, glory and honor when
Jesus Christ is revealed” (1 Pet. 1:6-7). Paul says, “We
also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suf-
fering produces perseverance; perseverance, charac-
ter; and character, hope” (Rom. 5:3-4). The Biblical
evidence is plenty: it is God’s will for all Christians to go
through some amount of earthly suffering, because
through the testing of our faith, it comes to be proved
genuine, and produces a steadfast heart full of persever-
ance and hope in God. (As a side note: this teaching is in
direct conflict with the Word of Faith group that teaches
positive confession for the continual health and wealth of
Christians.) So, in this worldview that God can and does
allow suffering to happen to His people for the develop-
ment of their sanctification and faith, we have a theologi-
cal groundwork for certain miracles of suffering that can
happen to mystics and other Christians. These suffering
miracles are called “wounds of love” and come in all
sorts. They are directly caused by God or an angel.
Yes, these miracles have been faked by the mentally

ill who mutilate themselves. But we are here referring to
supernaturally caused wounds that miraculously appear
on the body. While a demonic counterfeit of this is called
“ghost scratching,” I am here referring to afflictions of
the human body by God or angels. Isaiah’s desire to use
profanity was purged when a seraph touched his lips with
a heavenly coal (Isa. 6:5-7). Jesus told Ananias that He
would show Paul “how much he must suffer for His
Name” (Acts 9:16)—it was in this context that Paul was
struck blind by God for three days (Acts 9:8-9). In 1224,
St. Francis of Assisi is said to have received stigmata
through the affliction of a seraph—these are the wounds
of Christ’s nail holes in the palms of the hands and some-
times the feet. This miracle is not confined to Catholic
saints either; there have been reports of this happening
among the New Mystics group associated with John
Crowder.
In the late 1500s, St. Teresa of Avila was apparently
also afflicted by a seraph like Isaiah and St. Francis. Only
this time, the affliction was a red hot spear of God’s love
that pierced her heart several times. These “loving
wounds” from God are never completely painful, but
are always a mixture between spiritual pleasure and
pain. Peace, love, and joy are felt during these experi-
ences just as much as agony, pain, and anguish. “If we
are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs
with Christ, if indeed we share in His sufferings in order
that we may also share in His glory” (Rom. 8:17).
4.13. Spiritual Voices. A “voice” or as they say in mysti-

cal theology, a “locution” or “audition,” is a supernatural
voice that one hears either internally in his mind or exter-
nally with his physical ear. Usually voices are only heard
in the mind, but in very rare cases, voices can be heard
with the natural ear. In our society, if someone says that
they are “hearing voices” it is usually frowned upon. This
is because of the influence of rationalism and materialis-
tic psychiatry. While there are some psychiatrists that be-
lieve in God, few are willing to admit that they believe
God can speak to people. There’s a catch-phrase that
floats around their ranks that goes: “When we talk to God
it’s called prayer, but when God talks to us it’s called a
hallucination.” Psychiatrists, who deal with the mentally
ill on a regular basis, have popularized the concept that
all mental voices are “auditory hallucinations.” This is
true of some mental voices, but is it true of all of them?
The Bible teaches that God speaks through both
internal and external voices; through mental voices and
audible voices. Of course, so does the devil. The brain
can also produce mental voices. Discernment is neces-
sary! I understand there to be basically 4 different kinds
of supernatural voices:
1. Quiet Mental Voices

2. Loud Mental Voices
3. Quiet Audible Voices
4. Loud Audible Voices
(1) Quiet mental voices are supernatural voices that you

hear in your mind through your thoughts, but they are
very quiet. Have you ever talked to yourself in your
mind, without saying it out loud it with your mouth? You
can do it right now; in fact, if you are reading this book
silently, then you are hearing the voice of your brain
speaking the words on this page. The soul is where your
free will, individuality, emotions, and mind are located.
When you want to talk out loud with your physical voice,
your brain translates information that your soul tells your
tongue to say. You are a spirit and a soul inside of a
body; you are not just a body—you are comprised of
spirit, soul, and body. And the “soul” part of you is your
personality. So, the voice of your brain is also the voice
of your soul.
The reason why I mention all of these things is be-
cause your soul has a mental voice. It usually sounds like
your physical voice when you utter it out loud, only it is
inside of your mind. Of course, you have always known
this. Your physical voice is a reflection of the voice of
your soul that you hear in your mind. You can hear your
soul’s voice whenever you read silently, pray silently, or
say any words in your mind silently. The sensation of
hearing your soul’s voice is that it is usually in your head,
but mental voices can sometimes even be heard as if ris-
ing up from the belly (where the spirit is), and coming
into the head.14 If a man is a true Christian, then he has

the Holy Spirit of God living in his human spirit: “The
Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s
children” (Rom. 8:16).
Just as a man can hear himself speaking when he
physically speaks out loud, so also can a man hear his
own soul when he speaks silently within his mind. But
the human spirit is in the very center of our belly region;
the soul envelops the spirit, and the body envelops the
soul. Usually we either hear the outside physical world,
or the inner voice of our soul through the brain, but our
spirit’s voice stays muffled. In order for us to hear the
voice of our human spirit, and therefore the voice of
the indwelling Holy Spirit, we need to be still and
know that God is God (Ps. 46:10a). The brain hears all
mental voices, and also hears the indwelling Holy Spirit
when He speaks. It is important to discern the true voice
of God and not brush it off as an “auditory hallucination,”
which only results from chemical imbalances in the brain.
When God, an angel, or a demon speaks, it is al-
ways spontaneous—but not so with your soulish voice.
Your soul’s voice only speaks within you when you want
it to, at your own free will. If you hear a mental voice,
you’ll know it’s your soul when it’s you that decided to
say it! But when God, angels, and demons speak through
mental voices, the word intrudes into your mind unex-
14
Augustin Poulain, Revelations and Visions, p. 10; Jesus said: “He
that believeth on Me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly shall
flow rivers of living water” (John 7:38, KJV).
pectedly and spontaneously. Spontaneity is one of the

great principles of private revelation. You might have
heard someone say, “That thought came out of the clear
blue sky!” Believe it or not, but that expression perfectly
illustrates the nature of a revelatory experience. I under-
stand “clear blue sky” in that metaphor to be a reference
to Heaven (see Matt. 3:17). When one thinks of Heaven,
one thinks upward and beyond the blue sky where God
the Father lives. Consequently, blue is also symbolic of
revelation. The expression illustrates the idea of God
speaking to someone from Heaven or the sky: “That
thought came out of the clear blue sky!” When God
speaks experientially, it seemingly comes at the most
random times during contemplation or worship. You
might be quiet in divine contemplation, and “all of a sud-
den” hear a voice in your mind say something that you
didn’t put forth the effort to say yourself—it is an intrud-
ing mental voice or thought.
That isn’t your soul’s voice in this case, because
you didn’t say it; and—if you are mentally healthy—it
isn’t your demon afflicted brain producing a hallucina-
tion, because you don’t have any known psychosis,
schizophrenia, or some other mental disorder. In this
case, it is either God, an angel, or a demon speaking (in a
mentally healthy context). Materialistic psychiatrists, who
think all voices are only brain produced, would call this
experience a “sane hallucination.” But this is only a mat-
ter of worldviews. It is perfectly Christian to believe that
what materialistic psychiatrists call sane hallucinations
are messages from spirits. If there is no drug or alcohol
abuse in your life, and you are experiencing so-called

“sane hallucinations,” then they are probably real mes-
sages from spirits. This brings me back to what the nature
of a quiet mental voice is. It is like a supernatural whisper
in your mind that comes from an external or internal
presence: “After the earthquake a fire; but the Lord was
not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice” (1
Kings 19:12, KJV). Sometimes this mental voice is so
quiet that it takes being still, closing the eyes, and con-
centrating on Jesus for a while to be able to hear it.
(2) Loud mental voices are supernatural voices that
you hear in your mind through your thoughts, but they are
loud and clear, and are easily heard. In the previous kind
of locution, a quiet mental voice, it is usually only possi-
ble to hear it while being still and quiet in divine contem-
plation, or in a passive napping position. But this is not
the case with loud mental voices. With a loud mental
voice, you could be out and about doing normal everyday
tasks, and “all of a sudden” hear a loud mental voice in
your mind. You don’t necessarily have to be quiet and
still in order to hear it. It is a voice that is so loud and
clear that it is like a supernatural being is shouting into
your mind, or is using a little microphone to amplify the
volume when it speaks to you in your mind (not that it is
as loud as a P.A. system or anything—the voice is still
somewhat muffled, because it is mental). It’s great when
it turns out to be God, but unfortunately demons also
speak in loud mental voices. I have had times of spiritual
warfare in contemplation when evil spirits have harassed
me with loud obscenities or harsh commands in my mind.
They may say things like, “Do this! Don’t do that!” in a

very rough and demanding way. Sometimes their voices
are so distinct, that I can hear the rough or deep demonic
tones in their voices. When this happens, discerning is
very easy—it’s a demon.
If you ever experience this, then take up the shield
of faith and declare: “The Lord rebuke you, satan, in the
Name of Jesus!” (see Jude 1:9). Do not give into the
temptation to curse at and accuse the devil, because that’s
what he wants. Try not to freak out. Just be patient and
humble, and remember: “The Lord is with me to help me,
so I will see my enemies defeated” (Ps. 118:7, NCV). The
devil will eventually leave, especially if you start to wor-
ship God, pray in tongues, or just turn on some worship
music in the room: “Resist the devil and he will flee from
you. Draw near to God and He will draw near to you”
(James 4:7-8, NKJV). As a general rule of thumb, the
voice of God is gentle, sweet, and majestic. Demonic
voices are harsh, mean, and obscene. God’s voice exalts
Jesus Christ (John 15:26). Demonic voices are just de-
structive or try to puff up your ego. God’s voice shows
that He loves you, but demonic voices show that they hate
you.
Sometimes, the Lord can give you a firm command
through a loud mental voice, but it is always accompa-
nied by a reverent or peaceful impression: “Let the peace
of God rule in your hearts” (Col. 3:15). Generally when
the indwelling Holy Spirit speaks, you will have a feeling
that the mental voice is rising up from within your belly.
But when an angel speaks to you in a mental voice on
behalf of God, the perception will be that it is coming

from outside of your head and into your brain. Angels
and the Holy Spirit can be hard to distinguish sometimes,
but that is okay, because they both bear the presence and
word of the Lord.
(3) Quiet audible voices are supernatural voices
that you hear with your natural physical ear, but they are
quiet. An audible voice of any sort can be a frightening
experience. It is as if a supernatural being is within close
proximity to you, and though he may even be invisible,
you can hear his ghostly whisper come out of the thin air!
The Holy Spirit, angels, and demons can all speak in this
way. Usually, it’s only people that are well developed in
divine contemplation, or have a very powerful prophetic
anointing that are gifted with hearing audible voices, but
it can happen to anyone. When someone encounters a
spirit in an open vision, apparition, or visitation, audible
voices usually accompany the experience. Just as experi-
encing an open vision is very rare, so also is experiencing
an audible voice very rare. They are both forms of very
high level revelation, and usually only happen if there is
an extremely important message from God.
Gustave Dore’s The Annunciation
High level revelations such as open visions and audible

voices are sometimes given to someone that is about to
go through trials, tribulation, or persecution on account of
what was told him in the vision or voice. For example,
the virgin Mary was told by Gabriel in a visitation that
she would give birth to the Son of God (Luke 1:26-38).
When Mary saw Gabriel in the vision and heard him
speak to her with an audible voice, she was “very star-
tled” (1:29). But this high level revelation of hers gave
her the faith and perseverance for the tribulation that
shortly laid ahead of her. In her ninth month of preg-
nancy, she not only traveled cross-country with her hus-
band to Bethlehem to register for the Roman census
(Luke 2:1-6), but she submitted to her husband who was
warned by an angel in a dream to take his family to
Egypt, so that he could protect them from Herod’s decree

to kill the Christ child (Matt. 2:13-15).
Had Mary not received the high level revelation
from Gabriel, she probably would not have believed as
strongly that her infant Son was the Messiah. But because
she did receive this spectacular experience, God imparted
a special gift of faith for her to take drastic measures to
protect her Son from the rage of Herod. Most of the
women in Palestine at the time lost their baby sons to the
forces of Herod (Matt. 2:16-18), but because Mary had
the faith to believe that an angel spoke to Joseph through
a dream to go to Egypt, she willingly cooperated with
him. This would have meant that they left their friends
and relatives in Palestine; and family life played an im-
portant role in Jewish culture during the first century.
Matthias Scheits’ Ten Commandments
(4) Loud audible voices are supernatural voices

that you hear with your natural physical ear, but they are
loud. If a quiet audible voice is frightening, then just
think about how much more frightening a loud one would
be! I don’t know for sure just how loud Gabriel’s voice
was when he was speaking to Mary, but it was probably
at a conversational volume level, a quieter level. When I
think of Mary’s encounter with Gabriel, I imagine it oc-
curring in a room within a house: “God sent the angel
Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee” (Luke 1:26).
Church tradition says that the archaeological remains of
the house that Gabriel spoke to Mary in, are within the
confines of “The Church of the Annunciation” in Naz-
areth. If this is true, that Gabriel did indeed speak to Mary
in a house, then he probably spoke to her at a quieter,

conversational volume level. But there have been times
when people have had experiences of spirits speaking to
them VERY LOUDLY, and in an audible way! For ex-
ample, Moses and the Israelites heard the loud audible
voice of God speak the Ten Commandments to them
from Mount Sinai (Exod. 19:1-20:17), and their reaction
was one of terror: “When the people heard the thunder
and the trumpet, and when they saw the lightning and the
smoke rising from the mountain, they shook with fear and
stood far away from the mountain. Then they said to
Moses, ‘Speak to us yourself, and we will listen. But
don’t let God speak to us, or we will die’” (Exod. 20:18-
19).
Peter, James, and John were also terrified when they
heard the loud audible voice of God on the Mount of
Transfiguration. Peter was talking to Jesus as He had
been transfigured with Moses and Elijah, but God the Fa-
ther interrupted and corrected him: “While he was still
speaking, a bright cloud enveloped them, and a voice
from the cloud said, ‘This is My Son, whom I love; with
Him I am well pleased. Listen to Him!’ When the disci-
ples heard this, they fell facedown to the ground, terri-
fied” (Matt. 17:5-6). If you hear the loud audible voice of
God, it can be as loud if not louder than a P.A. system (a
microphone amplified through speakers)! In The Pro-
phetic Ministry (2006), Rick Joyner explains that he had
really wanted to hear the audible voice of God. One day
when he was praying in his room, God spoke to him au-
dibly so that he could hear His voice with his natural ear.
The voice came out of thin air. It was so frightening, he

said, that he never wants to hear it again unless the Lord
absolutely wills it. May we too have the same fear of the
Lord in regards to His audible voice. We are not worthy
of such high level revelations, but God in His love still
desires to speak to us today through these ways. “Jesus
Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever” (Heb.
13:8).
4.14. Dreams and Visions. A “vision” is a photograph-

like or movie-like experience occurring either in the
imagination or in front of one’s eyes. They can be hallu-
cinatory—produced by demons and the brain if one is
psychotic, schizophrenic, or mentally ill. But they can
also be from the Holy Spirit, an angel, or a demon (in a
state of mental health). That God speaks through dreams
and visions today is taught by Acts 2:17: “In the last
days, God says, I will pour out My Spirit on all people.
Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men
will see visions, your old men will dream dreams.”15 I
understand there to be 5 different kinds of visions:
15
This Bible verse is a quotation of Joel 2:28. It is an Old Testament
prophecy that the apostle Peter said is now fulfilled in the New Tes-
tament dispensation. According to Peter, we are now living in the
last days of world history. From the time of Christ, even until now
2,000 years later, it has been the last days of world history from
God’s perspective (2 Pet. 3:8); therefore, dreams and visions are
forms of divine communication for today.
1. Faint Closed Visions

2. Vivid Closed Visions
3. Faint Open Visions
4. Vivid Open Visions
5. Dreams
(1) Faint closed visions are faint mental images

that one sees as his eyes are closed. This happens when
the person is awake, not asleep. Your eyes may be closed
in prayer, contemplation, worship, laying down to rest, or
for some other reason. If you close your eyes, what do
you see? You see nothing but dark purple or blackness.
That is “the eyes of your heart” (Eph. 1:18), your mind’s
eye, or the imagination—the place where images are dis-
played in the mind. It is like a mental blackboard for spir-
its to draw “pictures” on or to screen “video clips” on.
The Holy Spirit, angels, demons, and your own soul can
all draw pictures on your imagination for you to see. It is
not “just your imagination”; it is the very window into the
world of visions. So, with all this being said, a closed vi-
sion is a mental image that you see when your eyes are
closed. Almost everyone has experienced a mental image
happen spontaneously. Guess what? That’s a vision!
Spontaneous mental images are visions! However, spiri-
tual discernment plays an important role in distinguishing
which mental images are from God. But once you figure
out how to distinguish which mental images are from
God, you will be able to move in the realm of closed vi-
sions. How exciting!
In mystical theology, closed visions are also called

“interior visions,” “imaginative visions,” or “imaginary
visions.” While the Bible is mostly silent about closed
visions, St. Teresa of Avila’s The Interior Castle 6.9
talks about them. Closed visions basically come in 2
forms: faint and vivid. A faint closed vision is simply a
mental image that one sees with his eyes closed, except
the image can be hard to make out. Therefore, it is faint,
because it is an indistinct, weak, and faded mental image.
Faint closed visions are incomplete mental images, but
they still convey the visual message successfully to your
spirit through an impression. In your intuition, you will
receive a spiritual impression of something like what the
full image is supposed to look like. So, even though you
might see something of a faded image, difficult to make
out—the impression that you receive in your heart will
make you know what the image is supposed to fully look
like. You might not have seen the image fully and clearly
in your imagination, but through a spiritual impression
you can “know that you know” what the image looks like
in its entirety; so much so that you can even draw a pic-
ture of it on a piece of paper if you want to.
Obviously, this is a very subtle form of revelation—
and if you’re not looking for it, then you will surely dis-
miss it. You might have been trained to think “it’s just
your imagination” or that “your mind is playing tricks on
you.” No, this is probably not the case if it is not some-
thing you are visualizing in your mind on purpose. A
spirit is trying to speak to you through a mental image!
Your job is to discern whether or not it is from God. God
speaks more frequently through the subtle ways of revela-

tion than through the more spectacular ways. In my ex-
perience, the most frequent way that God speaks to
me is through faint closed visions during divine con-
templation. If you take the time to be still and know that
He is God (Ps. 46:10a), then He will eventually reward
you with closed visions from the Holy Spirit or angels.
But be on your guard, because demons will try as hard as
they can to deceive you through counterfeit closed vi-
sions. You must discern! The New Age understanding of
this experience is called “third eye vision.”
(2) Vivid closed visions are vivid mental images
that one sees as his eyes are closed. They are like faint
closed visions, but the images that pass through the
imagination are very clear. They may even include col-
ors. In the case of faint closed visions, colors are very
hard to distinguish. But in a vivid closed vision, colors
can be recognized. This is more like dreaming, only you
are awake with your eyes closed, and you are either
watching a very clear succession of “snapshots” in your
mind, or you are watching something like a short video
clip in your mind—everything you see is with your eyes
closed in prayer, contemplation, worship, or rest. When-
ever the intensity of a vision increases, like in this case,
the experience of ecstasy begins to increase also (Acts
10:10). D. E. Aune says ecstasy is a “trancelike state in
which people are considered particularly susceptible to

communications from supernatural beings.”16
Just as there are different levels of visions, so there
are different levels of ecstasy (as I touched on before in
4.9): there are light trances, medium trances, and strong
trances. In the case of a vivid closed vision, it usually de-
pends on how vivid the vision is to determine how strong
the trance will be that accompanies the vision. The
stronger the vision, the stronger the trance. But in my
experience, whenever I have had a vivid closed vision,
only a light ecstasy accompanies it—that is, I feel my
body lose it’s strength a little bit, like when your arm falls
asleep, only it’s your whole body (Dan. 10:8). This ex-
perience of failing bodily strength is called “sleep paraly-
sis.” This only happens for a short while, usually no
longer than 30 minutes. This should not be confused with
the permanent and continual sleep paralysis of those men-
tally afflicted with catatonic schizophrenia.
Why do these “ecstatic experiences” happen when
one sees visions? James Goll says, “A trance is more or
less a stunned state wherein a person’s body is over-
whelmed by the Spirit of God and his mind can be ar-
rested and subjected to visions or revelations God desires
to impart…my final composite definition of a trance is a
rapturous state whereby one is caught up into the spiritual
realm so as to only receive those things that the Holy
16
D. E. Aune, “Ecstasy,” vol. 2 of The International Standard Bible
Encyclopedia, ed. Geoffrey Bromiley (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans,
1979-1988), p. 14.
Spirit speaks.”17 That is, visions are so otherworldly,

that you can usually only see them if your natural
mind is transcended and you are taken up into an al-
tered state of consciousness. Normal waking state con-
sciousness usually has to be transcended supernaturally in
order to see high level visions. In one’s normal con-
sciousness, the mind has a habit of seeing and hearing in
the physical realm. Therefore, it usually takes an ecstasy
to radically alter one’s consciousness so that the human
spirit is enabled to see and hear in the spiritual realm.
Otherwise, the human spirit lies dormant within you, and
is blind and deaf to the spiritual realm. Divine ecstasies
exalt your awareness to the higher plane of the supernatu-
ral realm, and position the mind to see very vivid visions
and hear very clear voices. No doubt this is what had
happened in Isaiah 6, Ezekiel 1, and Revelation 4.
It is very important to distinguish the difference be-
tween a Biblical trance and an occultic trance. Both the
topics of trances and out-of-body experiences are closely
related. If someone goes into a strong trance, it is very
possible that their spirit can come out of their body. Goll
cautiously warns:
We are never to will ourselves into such an experi-

ence! This type of experience is only to be God-
induced and God-initiated! This is not self-
projection or some rendition of astral projection. It
17
James Goll and Julia Loren, Shifting Shadows of Supernatural Ex-
periences (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2007), pp. 128-129.
is not “willing” to project ourselves forth; that is

of the occult, and of witchcraft. God, by His initia-
tive and through the Holy Spirit can, if He desires
lift us up into a spiritual realm, but we are not to
project ourselves forth into anything. When spiri-
tists, sorcerers, and yogis practice this without the
Holy Spirit and seem to prosper by it, it is because
they are not a threat to satan. They are already de-
ceived. Whether they realize it or not, they are al-
ready in league with him and are not his enemies.
Do not let the enemy steal what God has ordained.
Do not be afraid of these unusual ways of the Holy
Spirit, but always be sure not to enter into some
type of self-induced activity.18
When studying about the prophetic, it is important to

know that GOD’S WILL reigns supreme; but in the oc-
cult, SELF-WILL reigns supreme. This is a very impor-
tant difference! The prophetic and the occult share similar
experiences: contemplation, ecstasy, dreams, visions,
voices, impressions, miracles, and the like. But while the
prophetic is driven by God’s will, the occult is driven by
self-will. A prophetic ecstasy may come upon a Christian
while worshipping God in the Spirit through music (1
Sam. 10:5; 2 Kings 3:15; 1 Chron. 25:1), dance, fasting,
and especially divine contemplation. But even so, an ec-
stasy is not guaranteed during such practices. The ecstatic
experience will only come if the Spirit of God sover-
eignly comes upon you in that way (1 Sam. 10:10).
18
Ibid., p. 132.
But in the occult, the approach is different. Shamans

often have the mindset that they can control virtually any-
thing through self-will. So, in order to experience an oc-
cultic ecstasy, shamans take psychedelic drugs, dance,
mutilate themselves, and chant the names of their gods to
music (1 Kings 18:26-28). They will themselves into an
ecstasy by working up their emotions. Of course, the
danger inherent in this, is that of entering into the spiri-
tual realm without the protection of the Holy Spirit! That
is why Evangelical mystics don’t force themselves into
ecstatic experiences like shamans do; for the Christian
mystic must wait on the Lord in contemplation or wor-
ship (Acts 1:4). If the Lord sees fit to bless the Christian
with an ecstatic vision, then praise the Lord! The Evan-
gelical mystic can rest assured that his journey into the
spiritual realm will have God’s seal of protection.
(3) Faint open visions are another class of visions.
Now, we have left the topic of closed visions and moved
onto the topic of open visions. In mystical theology, open
visions are also called “exterior visions,” “ocular vi-
sions,” and “corporeal visions.” An open vision is not a
mental image; an open vision is either seeing an appari-
tion of a spirit, a ghostly picture, or a ghostly movie ap-
pear out of thin air with one’s eyes open. This is a very
rare and very supernatural experience! So rare, in fact,
that Balaam reiterated that he saw God with his eyes
open: “And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the
son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open
hath said: He hath said, which heard the words of God,
and knew the knowledge of the most High, which saw the
vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having

his eyes open” (Num. 24:15-16, KJV). To see a vision
with one’s eyes open was a big deal in Biblical times, and
is still a big deal today. If someone ever has an open vi-
sion, and it seems to be from God, it is probably a very
important message. Open visions are serious; not that any
other form of divine communication is any less valuable.
But open visions carry with them a special sense of ur-
gency and high importance. Such was the case when the
apostle John saw an open vision or apparition of Christ in
Revelation 1:12-17:
I turned around to see the voice that was speaking

to me. And when I turned I saw seven golden
lampstands, and among the lampstands was
Someone “like a son of man,” dressed in a robe
reaching down to His feet and with a golden sash
around His chest. His head and hair were white
like wool, as white as snow, and His eyes were
like blazing fire. His feet were like bronze glowing
in a furnace, and His voice was like the sound of
rushing waters. In His right hand He held seven
stars, and out of His mouth came a sharp double-
edged sword. His face was like the sun shining in
all its brilliance. When I saw Him, I fell at His feet
as though dead. Then He placed His right hand on
me and said: “Do not be afraid. I am the First and
the Last.”
Matthaeus the Elder Merian’s The Lord Appears to John
As I have already said, there are 2 kinds of open visions:

faint and vivid. A faint open vision is a supernatural,
ghostly apparition that one sees with his eyes open—but
the images are transparent or see-through, like a spider
web or a ghostly mist. In the case of a photograph-like
vision, it is like looking at a realistic painting floating in
the air that you can see through—a transparent image. In
the case of a movie-like vision, it is like watching a TV
screen floating in the air that you can see through. Some-
times the vision might be so broad that it encompasses
your whole surroundings—sometimes it is a simple im-
age floating in the air somewhere. The length of time just
depends on the case. Some visions only last for one sec-
ond, others a little bit longer; some last a few minutes, a
half an hour or more.
(4) Vivid open visions, along with out-of-body ex-
periences, are probably the highest levels of divine com-
munication, because they are the most real. Every other
form of supernatural communication is genuinely super-

natural, but not all of them leave the lasting kind of im-
pression on the memory that an open vision can give.
Sometimes the fainter and more subtle revelations can
be easier to explain away as natural. But when some-
one experiences a vivid open vision, or even a faint
open vision for that matter, natural explanations ap-
pear to be insufficient. In a vivid open vision, the vi-
sionary sees a supernatural, ghostly apparition that he
sees with his eyes open—but it is substantial, and much
less transparent. Sometimes visions like these are not see-
through at all, and appear to be just as physical as any-
thing else in this world. In the former case of a faint open
vision, the visionary sees an apparition with open eyes,
but it is a transparent apparition. Not so in the case of
vivid open visions. In a vivid open vision, the seer ex-
periences apparitions with his eyes open, but the appari-
tions are not transparent. They are such well material-
ized apparitions that they look like they are physical.
A visitation is either an apparition or a physical
materialization of a spirit that has come to appear to the
seer. As we should know, spirits are non-physical beings
that can pass through physical objects like walls, etc.
Whether it is God, angels, demons, or departed saints—as
spirits they have the ability to fly or walk through physi-
cal objects. But some spirits have the ability to material-
ize into a physical form. This is why Hebrews 13:2 says,
“Do not forget to entertain strangers, for by so doing
some people have entertained angels without knowing it.”
Not only can angels change themselves to look just like
humans, but they can so materialize themselves into

physical beings, that people can mistake them for real
humans (demons can also do this). To encounter an an-
gel—whether in a transparent apparition or in physical
form—is a visitation experience. Sometimes people liter-
ally see the Holy Spirit as a luminous cloud, smoke, or
fiery light, which is called the glory of the Lord (Exod.
13:21; Num. 10:34; 1 Kings 8:11). That would be a visi-
tation from the Holy Spirit. Whether we’re talking
about the Holy Spirit, angels, demons, or a departed
saint—spirits have a tendency to appear in the form of
supernatural lights, teleporting, floating, flying
around, or abiding in places. Sometimes Jesus appears
to people in human form, which is called a “theophany”
(Luke 24). All of these types of visitations are examples
of vivid open visions—they are extremely rare and ex-
tremely supernatural forms of revelation. I personally
consider a theophany to be the highest level of revelation
that a man can experience in this life; this would mean a
face-to-face encounter with God in human form. For
more about experiencing visions, see Jim Goll’s The
Seer (2004).
But we should stand on our guard and stay aware of
the devil’s schemes (2 Cor. 2:11). I agree with Goll when
he writes, “Counterfeits of all true Holy Spirit-inspired
experiences do exist.”19 The same is true of open visions,
out-of-body experiences, and visitations. There are two
kinds of counterfeits of these high level revelations, and
19
Ibid., p. 132.
both of them are demonic. First, are the occultic counter-

feits. For example, in theistic satanism, there is a revolt-
ing practice called “the witches’ sabbath.” This is a sex
orgy done for the worship of the devil. During the orgy,
the black magicians summon demons and have sexual
intercourse with them (see Gen. 6:4). This could only be
done through demonic visitations in physical form. Other
forms of open visions and out-of-body experiences are
associated with occultism of all sorts. Through these
counterfeits, witches and New Agers experience the pres-
ence of their gods and see their forms while practicing
Yoga, Transcendental Meditation, or Zen.
The second kind of counterfeit of these high level
revelations is what I would call a counterfeit revelation.
This is when a demon pretends to be the Holy Spirit, Je-
sus, an angel, or departed saint, and pretends to speak to a
Christian in the Name of Jesus. The demon may even go
so far as to use symbolism in the vision. But something
about the vision is “off-color.” It might seem to have an
immoral message or imagery, and the experience might
have tempted you to sin. Further, the dream, vision, or
visitation may have included something that contradicted
the Bible. Ultimately, you don’t have peace about the ex-
perience, nor do you have a confident conviction in your
heart that the experience was of God. Paul said that “sa-
tan himself masquerades as an angel of light” (2 Cor.
11:14). So even when discussing the topic of high level
revelations such as vivid open visions, we can’t be too
careful to be on guard against the devil. Discernment is
still necessary! Read this demonic encounter that an an-
cient Christian monk experienced, and take his advice as

an example of humility and discernment: “The devil ap-
peared to a certain brother, transformed into an angel of
light, and said to him, ‘I am the angel Gabriel and I am
sent unto thee.’ But he said, ‘Look to it that thou wast not
set to some other: for I am not worthy that an angel
should be sent to me.’ And the devil was no more seen.”20
(5) Dreams are visions that one experiences while
asleep; sometimes the Bible calls them “visions of the
night” (Gen. 46:2; Job 4:13; 20:8; 33:15, KJV) or “night
visions” (Isa. 29:7; Dan. 2:19; 7:7, 13, KJV). Other than
being asleep, a difference between a dream and a vision is
that in a vision there is little interaction (unless it is a very
high level vision)—that is, you just watch it like a TV.
But in a dream, you are in a visionary world, and you are
surrounded by the people, places, sights, sounds, and
feelings of the dream world. Arguably, out-of-body ex-
periences fall into this category. In an out-of-body ex-
perience, the Christian seer has the experience of his
spirit coming out of his body and is usually escorted by
Jesus or an angel to Heaven, Hell, or some place on Earth
in the spiritual realm (see 2 Cor. 12:1-4). Mary Baxter’s
A Divine Revelation of Hell (1993) is a popular account
of a Christian out-of-body experience.
The Bible says: “God does speak—now one way,
now another—though man may not perceive it. In a
dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls on
20
Helen Waddell, The Desert Fathers (New York: Vintage Books,
1998), p. 125.
men as they slumber in their beds” (Job 33:14-15). No

thanks to the influence of Sigmund Freud’s The Interpre-
tation of Dreams (1913), most people in our society today
have been conditioned to believe that all dreams are natu-
ral and come from the unconscious self. People say things
all the time like, “It was just a dream,” or “I was only
dreaming.” Such a flippant dismissal of dreams is not
found among the people in the Bible. In my experience,
dreams are the most common way that God tries to
speak to me, aside from the Bible and everyday cir-
cumstances. When I read the Bible, I get that impression
about the Biblical prophets also. It seems to me that high
level visions and voices were rarities that were docu-
mented on special occasions, but that dreams were a
regular form of communication between God and man.
The Book of Genesis has many dreams, often related as if
they were “casual revelations”; the same is true of the
Book of Daniel; and Matthew 1 and 2.
If you want to increase your experiences of divine
dreams, I would suggest listening to Biblical dreams and
visions on CD or MP3 before you go to sleep, or simply
reading them.21 I believe this can put a Holy Ghost
“dream anointing” on you and increase the frequency of
divine dreams that you experience. However, this is NOT
the only way to experience dreams and visions, but a
21
Biblical Dreams: Genesis 15, 28, 37, 40-41; Daniel 2, 4, 7; Bibli-
cal Visions: Isaiah 6; Ezekiel 1, 8-11, 37, 40-47; Daniel 8-12; Amos
7-8; Zechariah 1-6; Luke 1; Acts 10, 22, 26; Revelation 1-22 (except
Chapters 2-3, 18).
method of increasing your consciousness of the dream

world. I also recommend keeping a dream journal and
recording your dreams on a microcassette recorder right
after you wake up, because these practices decrease the
chances of forgetting important dreams from God. The
Bible says that dreams have an elusive character and are
easily forgotten (Job 20:8). Sometimes it requires medita-
tion to recollect the content of a divine dream, or God
may simply remind you of it later. However, I think the
most important method of increasing dream experi-
ences is to spend plenty of time in divine contempla-
tion, which opens up your spiritual consciousness.
Gustave Dore's Jacob’s Ladder
Like visions, dreams are usually symbolic and need

to be interpreted. Some prophetic teachers don’t believe
in using dream symbol dictionaries, because they are ap-

parently too limited, objective, and pre-defined—but I
believe in using them. The one I have used for years now
is Ira Milligan’s Understanding the Dreams You
Dream (1997). This is a concise dictionary/thesaurus that
deciphers the various spiritual meanings of symbols that
you might see in your dreams. Also, there is no reason
why you can’t use this book to help you interpret visions
and divine coincidences. What is helpful is that Milligan
attaches many potential meanings to each symbol, allow-
ing the dreamer the freedom to intuitively interpret which
meaning fits his dream symbol the best. Dream interpre-
tation is a highly subjective discipline that requires back-
ground knowledge in Biblical symbolism, as well as a
sensitive intuition. Also, for almost every dream symbol,
Milligan has placed a Bible verse to substantiate it. Of
course some dream symbols are modern and therefore
extra-Biblical; this is when you have to feel with your
intuition and interpret the dream through the peaceful in-
terior impressions of the Holy Spirit. However,
Milligan’s book is a big help for beginners at dream in-
terpretation.
For me the goal is to get to the point when I don’t
have to rely on Milligan’s book at all, but until then it
serves as an indispensible resource for training myself to
think in terms of Biblical symbolism. In my experience,
dreams can usually be interpreted right away through
using both Biblical symbolism and the intuition. But
sometimes, God hides the meaning of the dream from
you for a period of time, so that He can reveal the inter-
pretation of the dream to you later when you need it.

Sometimes, this can take months or even years to unfold;
that is why it is good to journal any dreams that you feel
are from God. But on one final note: NOT ALL
DREAMS ARE FROM GOD—some are demonic and
some are from your own heart. It is the dreamer’s respon-
sibility to prayerfully discern which dreams are from
God. For further study about dreams, I recommend Her-
man Riffel’s Dream Interpretation (1993), Steve and Di-
anne Bydeley’s Dream Dreams (2002), Ira Milligan’s
Every Dreamer’s Handbook (2005), and James Goll’s
Dream Language (2006).
Visions vs. Hallucinations
At the end of this discussion on dreams and visions,

it is absolutely necessary that we have an understanding
of the difference between a supernatural vision and a vis-
ual hallucination. What is a hallucination? To answer
this question, I have turned to Albert Farges’ Mystical
Phenomena Compared with Their Human and Diabolical
Counterfeits (1926). His is the only work of mystical the-
ology that I know of that deals at length with the issue of
hallucinations. I agree with Farges as he maintains that a
hallucination is an outward projection of a mental im-
age. This means that the word “hallucination,” properly
so-called, only applies to the discernment of open visions
or apparitions of spirits. But as we know, modern psy-
chology also considers auditory hallucinations and sen-
sory hallucinations, which are less of an issue usually—
however, we can apply evil mental voices and morbid

impressions to this application also. How does one dis-
cern the difference between a visual hallucination and
a truly supernatural vision?
If for example, a man sees a truly supernatural vi-
sion of Jesus standing still in a room, then Jesus would
stay in the same place, no matter how the seer moved his
head or his eyes (Rev. 1:10-13). If the seer puts his hands
over his eyes, and Jesus is covered from his line of sight;
or, if the seer removes his hands from off of his eyes, and
Jesus reappears in his line of sight in the same spot that
the seer saw Him before; then that is how you can know
that the man is seeing a truly supernatural vision of Jesus.
If the man were hallucinating an image of Jesus, then if
he turned his head, moved his eyes, and covered his eyes
with his hands—he would still see the false image of Je-
sus, whether as projecting in front of his face or onto his
hands.
When human eyes are healthy, they function like
cameras, receiving light and color, and transforming them
into images for the brain to understand. But when a brain
is sick because of schizophrenia, psychosis, or some other
mental illness, hallucinations are sometimes produced on
top of what the man sees around him. When a hallucina-
tion occurs, the mentally ill man’s eyes function like
movie projectors, and they actually project mental
images in front of the eyes. Through the lens of the eye,
with the light inside of it, in very rare cases, hallucina-
tions can actually be seen by others if a piece of plain pa-
per is put in front of the eyes of the person hallucinating.
The hallucination will actually be projected onto the sheet

of paper, just like a movie screen. This is a very difficult
thing to test, and it requires special lighting in the room,
and all of the appropriate scientific controls. But it is not
too hard to believe, since Christ said, “The eye is the
lamp of the body” (Matt. 6:22). Much like the lumines-
cent red eye in photo spoofs or the cat’s glowing eyes at
night time, the human eye is created with a sort of ability
to refract light, much better than a manmade camera or a
movie projector.
Farges said, “If the image be hallucinatory it is sub-
jective: within the eye, on which it depends. So in shut-
ting the eyes the seer ought still to see it, and on moving
the eyes or the head the image ought to move and be
thrown in every direction with the look.”22 But this would
not be the case in a real supernatural vision of Jesus. If a
seer really sees Jesus, then Jesus will stand still in a defi-
nite and fixed place, and even if the man wanted to run
away from Jesus out of fear, then he would be able to.
But in a hallucination, the image which is dependant
completely on the eyes, would never escape him. There-
fore, all hallucinations are the byproducts of mental ill-
ness; and by proving the eyes to be in a sort of defect by
projecting images against their nature, hallucinations are
a symptom of brain sickness. And because all sickness
is of the devil, then all hallucinations are of the devil.
22
Albert Farges, Mystical Phenomena Compared with Their Human
and Diabolical Counterfeits (Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing,
2003), p. 377.
Therefore, God and His holy angels never produce hallu-

cinations. They are caused by the devil and the brain
when it is sickened, through an imbalance of hormones,
emotional chemicals, and deteriorating brain tissue.
But what of mental voice hallucinations and sen-
sational hallucinations? All I can say about those hallu-
cinations is that they are marked by (1) their spontaneity,
(2) their accompaniment to a mental illness, and (3) their
often morbid nature. It may be harder to draw the line
between auditory and sensory hallucinations and demonic
voices and impressions. Just as it is often difficult to dis-
cern the difference between the activity of the Holy Spirit
and the angels in revelations, so also it can be difficult to
discern the difference between the activity of demons and
the flesh (the corrupt nature of the human body, bent to-
wards sickness and sin). The Holy Spirit and the angels
are on the same team; and the devil and the human body
are on the same team. Divine visions come from the Holy
Spirit and the angels, but both demonic visions and hallu-
cinations come from demons and the flesh.
Hallucinations only happen to people that are
suffering from mental illness—whether it is a tempo-
rary illness or a permanent illness. This is not to say
that mentally ill people are incapable of experiencing true
revelations through visions, voices, and impressions from
God. Only they should be extremely slow to trust any vi-
sion, voice, or impression; and they should be sure to ap-
ply the tests for hallucinations that I have explained. If an
extraordinary experience can be proven to originate not in
the human eye or brain, but from an outside source that is
not evil, then there is a probability it could be a divine

revelation; especially if the experience is confirmed later
on by a miracle, sign, or a coincidence.
4.15. Spiritual Impressions. An impression is an intui-

tive feeling that is accompanied by a special piece of in-
formation; it is a sensation that is mixed with a little fact
or bit of knowledge about something; it is a “knowing,” a
“compelling,” a “hunch,” or something that “dawns on
you” from out of the middle of nowhere. It is a revelation
through the feelings and emotions; it is when you have a
feeling that makes you instantly know that you know a
certain fact that you could not have learned naturally; and
whatever that fact is, you are absolutely certain about it,
without a doubt. You have a special gift of faith for it (1
Cor. 12:9).
An impression is a sudden thought that is imparted
supernaturally and immediately through your feelings.
You don’t know why you know that thing, but you just
know it! You can’t shake it off; there is no reason or
rhyme as to why you know it, but you just know it be-
cause you have a distinct feeling that says so. There is no
rational or intellectual reason as to why you know it, but
you just can’t shake this feeling that you know this thing
to be true—that is an impression. It is knowledge that is
perceived supernaturally through the intuition (Mark 2:8).
There are different natures of impressions (interior and
exterior), but there are many different feelings that each
impression can communicate: grief, joy, peace, love, con-
viction, motivation, etc.
Sometimes an impression from the Holy Spirit can

come in the form of a sense of responsibility. This is like
a slight sinking feeling in your bosom; almost as if your
heart is weighed down a little bit into your stomach. Or, it
may come as a hard pounding of the heart, when you feel
that you need to share something from your heart. It may
be evidenced by weeping and divine compassion for the
lost. It is not depression, but an emotional feeling when
you have this distinct feeling that God wants you to do
something specific—perhaps it is a commandment from
God through your feelings. Once you act on this convic-
tion, the burden will lift, and you will feel lighter. That is
a common form of prophetic burden or impression.
Actually it is so common, that Watchman Nee felt
that it was the only way by which a man should proph-
esy—through a “burden” from God.23 But this is a sensi-
tive issue: it is a highly displeasing thing to God to use
the expression “the burden of the Lord” in reference to
divine revelation in general (Jer. 23:28-29), because it
leaves the false impression on people that most messages
from God are negative and burdensome. Not so, for
Christ’s yoke is easy and His burden is light (Matt.
11:30). However, God is not limited to speaking only
positive and joyful messages. He speaks all sorts of emo-
tional messages: correction, encouragement, hope, joy,
warning, direction, etc (Job 33:17; 1 Cor. 14:3; Matt.
2:13; Acts 16:9).
23
Watchman Nee, God’s Work (New York: Christian Fellowship
Publishers, 1974), p. 40.
So far, you have been reading about voices and vi-

sions; that is, you have been studying the auditory and
visual forms of revelation. But just as our physical bodies
have five senses, so also do our spirits: seeing, hearing,
feeling, and even smelling and tasting! These are called
the five spiritual senses.24 In my experience, I under-
stand there to be basically 4 different kinds of impres-
sions:
1. Gentle Interior Impressions

2. Strong Interior Impressions
3. Gentle Exterior Impressions
4. Strong Exterior Impressions
(1) Gentle interior impressions are intuitive feel-

ings that are accompanied by a special piece of informa-
tion or “word of knowledge,” but they are felt within the
body (the belly and heart)—and they are gentle. It is a
gentle inward manifestation of the presence of an in-
dwelling spirit; for Evangelical Christians, this is the
Holy Spirit. For example, I have already referred to the
flame of love in 4.11 and I will mention it again, because
it is one of the central experiences of the mystics. This is
an experience of the indwelling Holy Spirit making His
presence known to the Christian (1 Cor. 6:19). He does it
by producing a warming or burning feeling in the stom-
24
See Albert Farges’ Mystical Phenomena (1923), Part 1, Section 2,
Chapter 10: “The Five Spiritual Senses.”
ach or heart region, and it isn’t to be confused with natu-

ral heartburn from spicy food or acid reflux.
This spiritual experience of mystical fire is reported
as happening throughout the history of Christian mysti-
cism, and also in Jeremiah 20:9: “His word is in my heart
like a fire, a fire shut up in my bones.” But be on guard!
The evil spirits have a counterfeit for every spiritual ex-
perience that the Holy Spirit can produce. Interior fire is
found in all sorts of cults like the Mormons and other
mystical religions. The meaning of interior fire is two-
fold: (1) The indwelling spirit of your god is saying, “Hi!
I’m here, I’m within you.” In Evangelical Christianity,
this is the Holy Spirit. (2) The indwelling spirit of your
god is producing the burning sensation in accompaniment
with a revelation, in order to confirm that the revelation
is true. In the case of the disciples at Emmaus, they ex-
perienced the interior fire as they realized that Christ died
and rose again in fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy
(Luke 24:32). That was a revelation, and the Holy Spirit
had put His fire in their hearts to prove it! He confirmed
it with mystical fire.
James Goll agrees with this: “The reason their
hearts were burning was because Someone was taking up
residence within them. Their hearts burned within be-
cause the Spirit of revelation opened their eyes to under-
stand the Scriptures.”25 The Bible says, “It is the Spirit
who bears witness, because the Spirit is truth” (1 John
25
Jim Goll, Wasted on Jesus (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image,
2000), p. 164.
5:6, NKJV). And regarding the revelation that born again

Christians are God’s children, the Bible says: “The Spirit
Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children
of God” (Rom. 8:16, NKJV). The most notable of this
kind of experience in church history was John Wesley’s
“Aldersgate Experience.” Wesley was at a church meet-
ing, when someone was reading from Martin Luther’s
preface to the epistle to the Romans. As Wesley was lis-
tening, he “felt his heart strangely warmed.” It was at this
moment that he received the revelation that salvation is
through faith alone in Christ, a true change of heart is
produced, and that he had a subjective assurance that
Christ had forgiven him for all of his sins. No doubt, this
was a comforting feeling, or as Saints Teresa of Avila and
John of the Cross call it, a “consolation.” In the KJV, the
indwelling Holy Spirit is called the Comforter (John
14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7).
(2) Strong interior impressions are intuitive feel-
tion or “word of knowledge,” but they are felt within the
body (the belly and heart)—and they are strong. The
only difference between a gentle interior impression and
a strong one is obvious: gentle interior impressions are
slight emotional feelings, but strong ones carry with them
a powerful emotional force—an “unction” if you will (1
John 2:20, KJV). These experiences are more compelling
and urgent, and therefore more obvious to recognize. For
example, those who have ever experienced what James
Goll calls prophetic intercession know what it means to
have a strong interior impression to suddenly and sponta-
neously feel the urge to pray for someone or something

unknown: “Often, the Spirit of God will prompt us to
pray for situations or circumstances about which we may
possess little knowledge in the natural. Thus, we are pray-
ing for the things that are on God’s heart. He ‘nudges’ us
to pray so He can intervene.”26
Supernatural intercession is not the only thing that
strong interior impressions can function in, but this is one
of their primary functions. Interior fire can sometimes
be in a strong form, where it is as if there are living coals
of divine fire burning within our chests and bellies (cp.
Isa. 6:6-7; Luke 24:32; Jer. 20:9). And with it is the feel-
ing of divine love mixed with intense internal heat. The
fire is so hot, so intense within you, that it is like an oven
in there! But when you go to touch the area with your
hand on the surface of your bosom like Richard Rolle, it
isn’t hot at all! Because it is a supernaturally sensed heat,
not physically sensed; you feel it with your spirit’s intui-
tion, because it is “spiritually discerned” (1 Cor. 2:14).
Sometimes this heat is accompanied by your heart beat-
ing very hard before you share a revelation. Sometimes
“darts of anguish” or “darts of love” can painfully pierce
the stomach region as an intercessory emotion; God is
letting you know His feelings about the prayer request.
St. Teresa of Avila experienced something like this when
an angel pierced her through with a spiritual spear, and
burned the love of God into her heart.
26
Ibid., p. 159.
Sometimes people sense a cooling feeling, as if cold

water were sloshing around within their bosom. Jesus
said, “He that believeth on Me, as the Scripture hath said,
out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water” (John
7:38, KJV). This too, is a manifestation of the indwelling
Holy Spirit; it is a “time of refreshing from the presence
of the Lord” (Acts 3:19, KJV). Sometimes this ushers
forth in a spontaneous torrent of praying in tongues: “The
Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we
ought to pray for, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us
with groans that words cannot express” (Rom. 8:26).
Sometimes, He manifests as a fire, sometimes as cool wa-
ters: “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He
makes me to lie down in green pastures; He leads me be-
side the still waters” (Ps. 23:1-2, NKJV). I believe David
had a spiritual experience in mind here. At other times,
there may be no such “spiritual consolations” as the mys-
tics call them. Sometimes, it will simply be a prophetic
burden. Not a depressing thing that weighs you down,
but more like a feeling of responsibility. You don’t have
any reason for why you will this sudden burden, but you
feel that you must do it. The spiritual burden comes “out
of the clear blue sky,” yet it is as if something or Some-
one has possessed you to do some task that carries a sig-
nificant sense of purpose and meaning.
You have no rational explanation for why you sense
this burden, but you just know that you must satisfy it!
You reach a point where you let your feeling override
your reason so that you can fulfill the supernatural im-
pression that you feel so deeply compels you—whether it
is spontaneous prayer, prophesying, worship, teaching,

writing, etc. But watch out! Everything the Holy Spirit
has to offer, so also does the devil in a counterfeit way.
Schizophrenics often have delusions in this way. Test
every “emotional message” with the Word of God: “To
the Law and to the Testimony! If they do not speak ac-
cording to this Word, it is because there is no light in
them” (Isa. 8:20, NKJV). And as Evangelical Christians,
we need to stick to the New Testament view of Biblical
Law, Testimony, and Scripture: it’s all through the grace
of God. For further study about the topic of interior im-
pressions and the Biblical function of the intuition, see
Watchman Nee’s The Spiritual Man (1928), Part 5, Chap-
ter 1, on “Intuition.”
(3) Gentle exterior impressions are intuitive feel-
tion or “word of knowledge,” but they are felt upon the
body (externally)—and they are gentle. Exterior impres-
sions are sensations in the physical body, yet they are also
“spiritually discerned” (1 Cor. 2:14). When people sense
the presence of spirits external to their own bodies, they
experience exterior impressions; and sometimes interior
impressions also. Concerning the experiences of the in-
dwelling Holy Spirit, we were dealing with interior im-
pressions. But when we’re talking about the baptism in
the Holy Spirit, for example, we may talk of exterior
impressions. I understand that Christians disagree theo-
logically about just what the baptism in the Holy Spirit is.
I take the Charismatic perspective: that it is mainly for
the miraculous gifts of the Spirit (1 Cor. 12:8-10). I be-
lieve that the indwelling Holy Spirit is mainly intended to

produce the moral fruit of the Spirit (Jer. 31:31-33; Gal.
5:22-23), but the baptism in the Holy Spirit is intended to
give supernatural power for revelations, healings, and
miracle working (Acts 1:8). In the Bible the word “bap-
tize” means to immerse (Gk. baptizo); that is, the outside
of the body gets wet with water when water baptized,
but the outside of the body gets covered with miracu-
lous power when Spirit baptized. John the Baptist
spoke of this similarity: “I baptize you with water, but He
will baptize you with the Holy Spirit” (Mark 1:8). There-
fore, when someone is baptized in the Holy Spirit, the
outside of their body has the Holy Spirit on it, but not
necessarily the inside.
Both Samson and Saul had moral problems; one
might say that they had a small portion of the indwelling
ethical desires of the Holy Spirit, if at all (Judges 16:4-20;
1 Sam. 19:1-24). But both Samson and Saul, though they
weren’t very devout, experienced the miraculous baptism
in the Holy Spirit—Samson had supernatural strength and
Saul prophesied. Both men are spoken of as having the
Holy Spirit “come upon” them, as it enveloped the exte-
rior of their bodies, but it never penetrated inwardly into
their hearts (Judges 14:19; 1 Sam. 19:23, KJV). The in-
dwelling Holy Spirit is about morality, but not so much
about miracles. The baptism in the Holy Spirit is mainly
about miracles, but not so much about morality; this is
why there are many so-called faith healers that live
wicked lifestyles, but have the ability to prophesy and
heal through the power of the Holy Spirit. But concerning

these kind of people, Jesus said:
Not everyone who says to Me, “Lord, Lord,” will

enter the Kingdom of Heaven, but only he who
does the will of My Father who is in Heaven.
Many will say to Me on that day, “Lord, Lord, did
we not prophesy in Your Name, and in Your
Name drive out demons and perform many mira-
cles?” Then I will tell them plainly, “I never knew
you. Away from Me, you evildoers!” (Matt. 7:21-
23).
To reiterate, I mention all of these things because—

for the Evangelical Christian—interior impressions are
from the indwelling Holy Spirit or the soul, but exterior
impressions are from the baptism in the Holy Spirit, or
the presence of angels and demons. Interior impressions
refer to inside the body, but exterior impressions refer to
outside the body. For the sake distinction, demon posses-
sion is demonic control from within the heart and will,
but oppression is a demonic attack on a person from the
exterior.
What is it like to experience demonic oppres-
sion? It is torturous, annoying, frustrating, scary, and
wearisome: demons try very hard to “wear out the saints
of the Most High” (Dan. 7:25, KJV). Demons speak
through all of the modes of revelation—if not just to de-
ceive, then to torment. They speak through visions,
dreams (nightmares, violence, and pornography), voices,
impressions, horrid smells like sulfur, disgusting tastes in
the air that bespeak of spiritual death, and even demoni-

cally-orchestrated coincidences (omens) intended to look
like signs from God. Because of their mental attacks,
healthy victims can look like they’re mentally ill, but they
might just be very “worn out.” Demonic visions often
oppress those who are mentally ill or brain sick. There-
fore, demonic visions seem to get more attention in our
society from psychiatrists. Unless a man is actually in-
dwelt by a demon, he can’t feel interior impressions from
a demon—whether in his head or in any other place of his
body.
Demonic exterior impressions are intuitive feel-
body (externally)—and they are either gentle or strong,
but always with a sense of evil or fear. The kind of “emo-
tional word” a demon might cause you to feel depends
upon the circumstance, but it is usually fear. Demons
love to scare people, because they hate them; no doubt
they must enjoy Halloween. All kinds of other demonic
impressions can be laid emotionally on people, and they
are usually extremely sinful: pride, racism, condescen-
sion, lust, murder, rape, theft, idolatry, occult practice,
homosexuality, pedophilia, incest, etc. Of course, Jesus
said that sin proceeds from the human heart (Matt.
15:19), so we can’t always declare, “The devil made me
do it!” But there are times when a demon does indeed in-
spire a sinful notion (Matt. 16:23), especially in mental
illnesses like schizophrenia. Through the intuitive gift of
discerning of spirits (1 Cor. 12:10), we can develop the
ability to sense the presence of demons around us on cer-

tain occasions. This sensing is made possible by emo-
tional emanations that a demon can “broadcast” while
within proximity of your body. I am intentionally avoid-
ing the New Age term “vibrations” or “vibes” here, be-
cause that bespeaks of a different mystical philosophy.
You may not see the evil spirit, but you can sense pre-
cisely where it is. If you are spiritually sensitive enough,
it is possible to locate, for example, a spirit of pride to
your left diagonally three feet in front of you. It is possi-
ble to sense evil spirits that specifically!
The good news is that you can sense the manifest
presence of the Holy Spirit and the angels in the same
way—externally. The Holy Spirit can be externally
sensed in all kinds of situations, but more commonly in a
worship or prayer atmosphere. When Pentecostal and
Charismatic Christians come together to close their eyes,
concentrate on God, and really “worship in the Spirit”
(John 4:24), they often testify to experiencing the pres-
ence of God. They might say, “I feel the Holy Ghost!” or
“The Anointing is so strong right now!” They may even
feel the sudden urge to praise God in tongues or to proph-
esy (Acts 2:11). What they are experiencing is an external
impression from the Holy Spirit. They might testify to
experiencing all sorts of divine feelings: awe, reverence,
holiness, the fear of the Lord, peace that surpasses under-
standing, God’s love for them, the joy of the Lord, humil-
ity, smelling supernatural nectar or sweet oil—tasting it
in the atmosphere (Ps. 34:8), and an increase of faith pro-
duced by an awareness of God’s presence. Atheistic
doubts vanish in the presence of the Lord: you just know

that you know that God is real. Your senses are over-
whelmed with God’s presence. The Holy Spirit is omni-
present, or present everywhere (Ps. 139:7-8), but this
goes on undetected by man. In order for the Holy Spirit to
be felt or sensed, He has to manifest. The omnipresence
of God is hidden, but the manifest presence of God is
revealed. It is a revelation to feel the Holy Spirit—a reve-
lation in the form of an external impression. (Or, if it is
interior spiritual fire or water, then it’s a revelation in the
form of an interior impression; but now we are talking
about exterior impressions.)
Angels can also produce exterior impressions. It is
possible to intuitively sense their presences also. Some-
times it is difficult to distinguish the difference between
the presence of the Holy Spirit and an angel, because
they’re both part of God’s kingdom. Billy Graham was
right when he said:
At the same time, both angels and the Holy Spirit

are at work in our world to accomplish God’s per-
fect will. Frankly, we may not always know the
agent or means God is using—the Holy Spirit or
the angels—when we discern God’s hand at work.
We can be sure, however, that there is no contra-
diction or competition between God the Holy
Spirit and God’s command of the angelic hosts.
God Himself is in control to accomplish His

will—and in that we can rejoice!27
Especially if they remain invisible, sensing the difference

between the two spirits can be difficult, because angels
carry the manifest presence of God with them (Luke
1:19). As long as you don’t knowingly worship the pres-
ence of an angel, then you’re not sinning (Rev. 19:10).
Both God and the angels know who it is you are worship-
ing in your heart. Focus on Jesus when you worship, and
sometimes the angels will even help you to worship God
through your feelings. They can impart strength to you
(Luke 22:43). The external feelings they impart are the
same ones the Holy Spirit imparts. They always help you
to exalt and worship God, and not themselves.
(4) Strong exterior impressions are intuitive feel-
body (externally)—and they are strong. Whether we are
referring to demonic encounters, angelic encounters, or
divine encounters—these three kinds of spirits can im-
press us gently or STRONGLY. The Bible says of Sam-
son, that “the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him”
(Judges 14:6; 15:14, KJV). Other passages of Scripture
just use a regular expression: “The Spirit of the Lord
came upon Gideon” (Judges 6:34) or “the Spirit of the
Lord came upon David” (1 Sam. 16:13, KJV), etc. But
27
Billy Graham, Angels: God’s Secret Agents (Dallas, TX: Word
Publishing, 1995), p. 48.
the fact that Judges 14:6 and other related Scriptures

make a special distinction between the Holy Spirit “com-
ing upon” someone and the Holy Spirit “coming mightily
upon” someone, this tells me that there is Biblical evi-
dence for strong exterior impressions. For example, you
may sense a gentle presence of God in the room you are
worshiping in, a light sweet presence. You are aware of
His presence ever so slightly, but you know He’s there.
That would be an example of a gentle exterior impression
of the presence of the Holy Spirit.
However, there are times when the glory of the
Lord fills the room so that you cannot stand, because you
fall into a trance and are mightily slain in the Holy Spirit
(1 Kings 8:10-11); in such a case, you may see vivid di-
vine visions and hear God’s voice clearly. You might
sense that the presence of God is thick, or humid, or
dense in the atmosphere; and the Anointing is strong. The
fear of the Lord overwhelms you and you cannot stand to
say a word, because of the great fear of God’s power and
presence. In this case you are not just slightly aware of
God’s presence, you are very aware of God’s presence,
and you feel as if you are in Heaven in the Throne Room
of God. You feel as if the great hand of the Lord is push-
ing you down to the ground on your belly, so that you lay
prostrate in His presence: “He makes me lie down in
green pastures” (Ps. 23:2).
4.16. The Gifts of the Spirit. We have already been dis-

cussing the nature of the gifts of the Spirit in dreams, vi-
sions, voices, and spiritual impressions. But now we’re
going to get more specific. Most of my information on

this issue is based off of Derek Prince’s The Gifts of the
Spirit (2007). I generally agree with everything Prince
teaches in this book, except for disagreements about his
definition of the gift of prophecy, healing gifts, and his
insistence that miracles cannot be worked at will. When
we refer to the nine gifts of the Spirit or even just “the
gifts of the Spirit”—we are referring to the supernatural
gifts:
To one is given the word of wisdom through the

Spirit, to another the word of knowledge through
the same Spirit, to another faith by the same Spirit,
to another gifts of healings by the same Spirit, to
another the working of miracles, to another proph-
ecy, to another discerning of spirits, to another dif-
ferent kinds of tongues, to another the interpreta-
tion of tongues (1 Cor. 12:8-10, NKJV).
I recognize that there are lists of ministry gifts (Rom.

12:6-8; Eph. 4:11), but since our study is about spiritual
experiences, we will be focusing on the charismatic gifts
(1 Cor. 12:8-10)—also called miraculous gifts, supernatu-
ral gifts, manifestation gifts, or sign gifts. I agree with
most of what Prince says, but not all. Firstly, I disagree
with Prince’s division of the charismatic gifts of 1 Corin-
thians 12:8-10. After studying his work on each gift, I
have decided to divide them up like this:
I. Vocal Gifts
(8) Gifts of Tongues – Speaking in an Unknown Language28
II. Revelation Gifts
(1) Words of Wisdom – Directive Revelation

(2) Words of Knowledge – Mind-Reading Revelation
(3) Faith – Miracle Working Revelation
(6) Prophecy – Future Revelation
(7) Discernings of Spirits – God, Angel, or Demon Revelation
(9) Interpretation of Tongues – Tongue Revelation
III. Power Gifts
(4) Gifts of Healings – Different Kinds of Healing Gifts

(5) Workings of Miracles – Instant Healing and Nature Miracles
The definition of each of these gifts is essentially the gist

of Prince’s teaching—except for how he defines the gift
of prophecy. Terminologically, it seems to me that there
is a controversy among Bible scholars about how to de-
fine the word “prophecy.” Prince teaches that the gift of
prophecy is essentially an ecstatic utterance that is
spoken through an impression from the Holy Spirit;
and for this reason, he calls prophecy a vocal gift rather
than a revelation gift. I find this confusing. Prince basi-
cally confines the gift of prophecy to “ecstatic prophecy,”
28
That is, praying or prophesying.
and that’s it. I disagree about this, because I believe it is

too limiting of a definition for such a broadly used
phrase: the gift of prophecy. For more on ecstatic proph-
ecy, see Stacey Campbell’s Ecstatic Prophecy (2008).
I believe that ecstatic prophesying is to be included
within the revelation gifts, but that all of them might
function through it, just as they might through dreams,
visions, and voices. So, what I mean to say is that I be-
lieve the gift of prophecy is not only a vocal gift, nor do I
believe that it is confined merely to impressions. I find
Prince’s definition to be too limiting and contradictory to
the other five revelation gifts, which to my mind, can just
as well be experienced through ecstatic impressions and
utterances. Words of wisdom, words of knowledge, faith,
discernings of spirits, and the interpretation of tongues
can all be experienced through ecstatic impressions. So, I
find it unnecessary to confine prophecy as the only im-
pression-oriented vocal gift aside from tongues. Rather, I
feel that the apostle Paul’s idea when he referred to
the gift of prophecy was of a revelation of the future.
Even in today’s popular culture, when someone refers to
a prophecy, they are not referring to just any run-of-the-
mill revelation. They are referring to a supernatural pre-
diction about the future. Isaiah 53 and Psalm 22 are
known as messianic prophecies. So, I maintain that the
gift of prophecy is a revelation of future things.
In respect for Derek Prince’s excellent work on the
subject of spiritual gifts, now I will expound a little bit
more on the other gifts: tongues can come in various
ways, such as xenoglossy—which is when one prays in a
foreign earthly language unknown to the tongue speaker.

Their sole purpose is to testify as a sign to unbelievers
(Acts 2:4-11). “Mysteries in the Spirit” or glossolalia are
ecstatic tongues that are not of an earthly language;
rather, they come directly from the human spirit indwelt
by God’s Spirit. Their sole purpose is to strengthen the
human spirit of the tongue speaker (1 Cor. 14:4, 14).
Words of wisdom are directive revelations; in other
words, they are revelations that tell you what to do, where
to go, or when to do it. They are very practical revela-
tions, and they can solve complex dilemmas and prob-
lems (Luke 5:4-10; Acts 16:6-10). Words of knowledge
are mind-reading revelations; that is, they reveal secrets
about individuals’ lives, circumstances, spirits, souls, and
bodies. They can be effective at evangelism, powerful in
conviction, confirmation, and faith building (John 4:15-
19; Acts 10:19-21).
Faith in 1 Corinthians 12:9 is a “miracle working
faith” or faith for a specific miracle. This is not the nor-
mal “saving faith” that we read about in Ephesians 2:8,
nor the “faithfulness” that we read about in Galatians
5:22. The gift of faith in 1 Corinthians 12:9 is a special
faith that is specifically geared towards working miracles.
Miracle working faith is a revelation. It is received
from God as a gift, as He sovereignly wills (1 Cor.
12:11). Like all other kinds of revelations, miracle work-
ing faith is imparted through dreams, visions, voices, im-
pressions, and signs. It is a temporary faith to work a
miracle that suddenly and spontaneously comes upon
you, like when Moses received revelation that God would
part the Red Sea as soon as he lifted his rod and hand
(Exod. 14:16).
Miracle working faith is a revelation that imparts
supernatural confidence that God is shortly going to work
a specific kind of miracle through you. For example, cast-
ing out a demon or walking on water—I believe Jesus
probably experienced dreams and visions about these
things before He did them. You can, in a vision, see the
miracle happen before it happens—and this produces a
miraculous feeling of faith for you to move into the mira-
cle. This kind of faith is given by God, experienced by
you, and worked through both you and God. It is not the
product of psychic abilities, but is rather a private revela-
tion that gives you the confidence to work whatever kind
of miracle the revelation says you can do. If I get a reve-
lation through a mental voice that I’ll have the power to
raise a dead man, then I’ll have faith to speak to the dead
to be raised. If I receive an impression that I’ll have
power to heal a blind boy, then I’ll have the faith to lay
my hands on the boy so that he will be healed. And if I
get a revelation through a vision that I will have power to
move a mountain by speaking to it, then even so I would
have the faith to do it.
Therefore, the gift of faith is a revelation gift.
Derek Prince echoes the voices of other teachers on spiri-
tual gifts when he says that the gift of faith is a rare oc-
currence and is only expected to work in sudden, sponta-
neous, sovereign instances of God’s grace. However, I
believe this view is influenced by monergism.29 While

partially true, I also differ with Prince on this point also.
God is sovereign and in control of the universe, and He
distributes the gifts as He wills (1 Cor. 12:11). But just as
God sovereignly distributes the gifts of tongues to some
believers, so also does God sovereignly distribute the
other 8 supernatural gifts of the Spirit—including the gift
of faith. BUT NO CHRISTIAN HAS ALL OF THE
CHARISMATIC GIFTS (see 1 Cor. 12:12-31). Many
who speak in tongues know very well that once they have
received the gift, they can speak in tongues at will. I be-
lieve that this also applies to the gift of faith and all of the
spiritual gifts that certain Christians have received. Just as
I believe in speaking in tongues at will, I believe that
some can activate the gift of faith at will, enter revelatory
vision and hearing at will, command healing at will, and
work miracles at will.
The mystery that needs to be uncovered is how to
put these latent spiritual gifts into activation. I believe
that there are many things that ministries with prophetic
29
Monergism is the Reformed or Calvinistic teaching that man does
not have a free will, but that God forces and controls man’s will
through His grace in order to save and bless him spiritually. This is
taught by the Lutherans, the Presbyterians, the strict Baptists, and the
Dutch Reformed. However, I count this to be a false doctrine, be-
cause it excludes the reality of man’s responsibility to actively coop-
erate with God’s Spirit once He has convicted or graced man by His
presence. A monergistic relationship with God would be no real rela-
tionship at all, but rather like the relationship between a puppetmas-
ter and a puppet.
schools and healing schools30 can teach us about in this

area of activating spiritual gifts at will. But essentially
what they will tell you is that the prophetic gifts are acti-
vated by spiritually reading individuals or groups of peo-
ple by looking for mental images, listening for mental
voices, and feeling for spiritual impressions that pertain
to those people. Interacting with these mental images or
visions is also important for tapping into a flow of more
visions—this is possible by speaking to the mental im-
ages, praying about them, or journaling about them. Heal-
ing schools will increase the healing gifts by teaching
about divine healing, like John G. Lake taught. Then after
your faith for healing is heightened, they will teach you to
lay hands on sicknesses and command them to be healed
in Jesus’ Name. At will activation of spiritual gifts!
(However, experience in healing prayer will show you
how gifted or not gifted you are in healing.)
I agree with Prince when he argues that the discern-
ings of spirits is a revelation of spirits and their activities.
Whether it be the Holy Spirit (John 1:29, 31-33), angels
(Luke 22:43), demons (Acts 16:16-18), or the human
30
If you do an Internet search for phrases like “prophetic school,”
“school of prophetic ministry,” “healing school,” “school of healing
ministry,” and the name of your state, such as “Tennessee,” you will
be able to find local ministries that will train you to flow in the gifts
of revelation and healing. The International Association of Healing
Rooms, Hunter Ministries, and Global Awakening are ministries
that offer healing schools internationally. Material put out by James
Goll, Patricia King, and Kris Vallotton are also designed to acti-
vate prophetic giftings.
spirit (John 1:47)—the discernings of spirits reveals the

location and operation of these spirits in our midst. Often
it is through open visions and impressions that angels and
demons are discerned. Whenever someone sees the glory
of God, an angel, or a demon in an open vision, it is the
gift of the discernings of spirits in operation. My wife and
I sometimes see “orbs,” “sparkles,” and “mists” with our
eyes open—and at the most spontaneous and unexpected
times. And I do believe that I have seen the mist or
“cloud of the Lord” on various occasions. Whenever
someone feels the Holy Spirit during worship, it is the
discerning of spirits operating through an impression.
And whenever someone gets a word of knowledge to read
the secrets of a man’s heart—it is also the discerning of
spirits in operation. Sometimes the spiritual gifts overlap
one another. Essentially the discernings of spirits operate
through dreams, visions, voices, impressions, and signs—
just like every other revelation gift. However, I agree
with Prince when he teaches that the gift primarily oper-
ates through visions and impressions. In my experience,
closed visions, open visions, impressions, and sometimes
dreams are vehicles for this revelation gift.
Interpretation of tongues is a revelation of the
meaning of your own tongues you’ve been praying with,
or of the tongues of someone else. Immediately following
a tongue, if one prays that he may interpret (1 Cor.
14:13), he may receive a revelation of what the tongue
meant. After receiving the revelation through a vision,
voice, or impression, the interpreter proceeds to speak the
revelation in understandable words (Acts 19:6). This is
how the interpretation of tongues operates. Gifts of heal-

ings are usually progressive supernatural healings of the
body or emotions. They are usually invisible to the hu-
man eye, because they might deal with the healing of in-
ternal organs, or of some other thing that heals in time.
Even if an external body part is healed, it is usually indis-
cernible, because the healing happens over the course of
time rather than instantly (Mark 8:23-26). They happen
during healing prayer or sometimes in an atmosphere in-
fused with the Spirit of healing. While anyone can nor-
mally pray for healing to cause it to come about, quietly
listening to the Holy Spirit for words of knowledge, heal-
ings usually need some measure of miracle working faith
to be mixed in with the healing command to be effective.
And some people have special gifts of healings to heal
certain diseases through prayer (e.g., cancer, arthritis,
blindness, schizophrenia, etc).
Workings of miracles of course also need miracle
working faith in order to operate. Only through revelation
can God work a miracle through a man. In contrast to the
healing gifts, Prince limits miracles to instant supernatu-
ral acts. Whereas healing gifts are usually progressive,
miracle working is always instant. By this we understand
instant healing, instant exorcism, instant resurrection, in-
stant power over death, the weather, gravity, etc. And
whatever is an instant healing can be called a “miraculous
healing.” Any other kind of miracle falls into the category
of what may be called a “nature miracle” or a supernatu-
ral manifestation over the forces of nature (e.g., the ten
plagues of Egypt, parting the Red Sea, calming the storm,
stilling the sun, changing water into wine, moving physi-

cal mountains, walking on water, ascending into Heaven,
floating an axe head in water, teleporting from Gaza to
Azotus, withering a fig tree at your word, multiplying
bread and fish, etc).31
Faith for these kinds of mighty deeds can only come
through revelation to do the task. Prince also notes that
there is often an “act” or “work” of faith that has to be
applied in order for the miracle to activate, because faith
without works is dead (James 2:17). For example, when
the men obeyed Jesus and took the water to the master of
the wedding feast, it turned into wine along the way. Pe-
ter also took a step of faith out of the boat and onto the
water with Jesus—notice the at will activation on Peter’s
part. In order to make the fig tree wither, Jesus acted in
faith by speaking to it. Jesus also spoke to the dead in or-
der to raise them as acts of faith. Moses raised his hand
over the Red Sea in order to part it. While God’s grace
and power were imparted to these men of faith, all of
these acts of faith caused the miracle to move into effect
at will—but within God’s will. For more expository
teaching on the gifts of the Spirit in 1 Corinthians 12:8-
10, see Donald Gee’s Concerning Spiritual Gifts (1928),
31
These are examples of Biblical miracles. However, in church his-
tory, miracles were usually performed by the Catholic saints. In time,
as skepticism took hold of the church, the miracle stories of church
history came to be called “legends.” The most comprehensive collec-
tion of Christian miracle stories is Jacobus de Voragine’s The Golden
Legend (1260).
Harold Horton’s The Gifts of the Spirit (1934), Howard

Carter’s Spiritual Gifts and Their Operation (1968), Den-
nis and Rita Bennett’s The Holy Spirit and You (1971),
Smith Wigglesworth’s Smith Wigglesworth on Spiritual
Gifts (1998), Rodney Howard-Browne’s Flowing in the
Holy Spirit (2000), and Sam Storms’ The Beginner’s
Guide to Spiritual Gifts (2002).
4.17. Supernatural Coincidences. A “sign” or super-

natural coincidence is a coincidence that is orchestrated
supernaturally by God, an angel, or a demon. Spirits have
powers that are so above and beyond our abilities, and
most of the time they transcend our recognition. They are
so powerful—especially God, of course—that they can
control circumstances, situations, and events in our lives.
While they do not control our circumstances entirely,
they can at least heavily influence them. Everything from
giving certain people impressions, to causing natural dis-
asters, to healing people, to giving revelations: spirits can
orchestrate quite well our circumstances by supernatu-
rally intervening in our world though their hidden and
mysterious ways.
They can plot and plan a chain of events for us to
experience, and these chains of events may have some
common theme or message—but the events themselves
may be seemingly unrelated to each other; they are “coin-
cidences.” Just what is a “coincidence”? The American
Heritage Dictionary defines a coincidence as “a sequence
of events that although accidental seems to have been
planned or arranged.” In our society today, entrenched in
rationalistic thinking, most people do not believe that

spirits exist. “Everything happens by chance,” the think-
ing goes; and nothing really has any meaning. The dic-
tionary’s definition of a coincidence as “accidental” is in
keeping with our society’s chance-based worldview of
these experiences. But is this view of coincidences even
Biblical? Actually it isn’t, as we will soon see.
The Biblical worldview of coincidences would
define them as “a sequence of events that have been
planned or arranged by God, an angel, or a demon.”
As a result of this view, some Christians say, “I don’t be-
lieve in coincidences.” What they are really saying is that
they don’t believe that these coinciding events happened
by random chance, but that they were orchestrated by
God to communicate a message. The dictionary defines
“coincide” as two things that happen at the same time. It
is not the coinciding of events that is disagreeable to the
Christian, but the interpretation that coinciding events
have no supernatural cause and are the products of ran-
dom chance—that is disagreeable to the Christian. New
Agers and occultists believe in meaningful coincidences,
but they use the term “omen.” However, they are en-
trenched in spiritual darkness, and their omens are from
their “gods” or “spirit guides.”
Coincidences are like impressions—they are intui-
tively discerned, but are usually thought to be strange
events that happen at random all by themselves. But since
we know that God has control over all things (except free
will), we understand that “the Lord does whatever pleases
Him, in the Heavens and on the Earth, in the seas and all
their depths” (Ps. 135:6). Regarding our lives, we know

that the Lord God controls our comings and our goings,
even though we might not be aware of it: “In his heart a
man plans his course, but the Lord determines his steps”
(Prov. 16:9). God can use coincidences to speak to us.
If you break up the parts of the word “coincidence” ety-
mologically, you will find that co- means “together,” and
the Latin word incidere means “to fall upon.” So, the way
I understand the word “coincidence” is as two events that
are converging, overlapping, “falling upon” each other,
happening at the same time, or at least very near to the
same time.
One common way that God speaks to me is through
what I call Bible coincidences. For example, I felt like
the Lord had recently led me to meditate on 1 Corinthians
12:12-31, and conclude that not every Christian has the
gift of healing. Some members of the Body of Christ have
that gift, while others don’t, and God makes it so that
Christians have to depend on one another. 30 minutes af-
ter I mused on this Scripture, we went to a healing meet-
ing. They had a teaching they were going through from
Kenneth Hagin’s Gifts of the Spirit (2006). They were
halfway through their book study. When we got there, out
of all the Scriptures they were studying, they “just so
happened” to be currently studying 1 Corinthians 12:12-
31. That is a Bible coincidence; and it greatly increased
my faith and confirmed to me that sick Christians need to
seek Christian healers and not believe that every Chris-
tian has the gift of healing. This is not to say that every
Christian can’t pray for healing, but that only some
Christians have miraculous results when they pray for

healing. God used this Bible coincidence to confirm to
me that this interpretation of Scripture was correct.
Since God can control events, it should make sense
that God can orchestrate coincidences in order to show us
what we may call “signs from God” or “divine appoint-
ments,” to use John Wimber’s phrase. However, even
though demons aren’t all-powerful like God, they too can
orchestrate coincidences to deceive men into thinking that
God is speaking to them about something. Biblical dis-
cernment still applies to supernaturally caused coinci-
dences. Those who are familiar with Jungian psychol-
ogy—which is New Age—use a special word for coinci-
dences that are caused either by demon gods or by God
Himself. That word is synchronicity; it was a
term used by the Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung to

describe “meaningful coincidences.” In Jung’s
view, it was not uncommon for symbols of the un-
conscious mind to coincide in dreams or mystical
experiences with events occurring in the waking
world of physical reality. Jung believed that syn-
chronicity provided a rationale for astrology and
some forms of divination, such as the I Ching.32
32
Nevill Drury, “Synchronicity,” in The Dictionary of the Esoteric
(London: Watkins Publishing, 2002), p. 299. Warning: This is an
occult dictionary. I advise against bringing this book into your
household, because of the possibility of demonic oppression.
The above definition also hints towards another phe-

nomenon related to supernatural coincidence: déjà vu.
And again Biblical discernment needs to be applied to
déjà vu experiences as well, because they too can either
be caused by God or demons. By definition, déjà vu is
from the French meaning “already seen,” the sen-

sation of having visited a place “before,” often
taken to be evidence of reincarnation. It is nor-
mally regarded as a symptom of a psychological
process whereby the unconscious mind is stimu-
lated to “remember” events that have previously
occurred elsewhere and which are somehow asso-
ciated by the person with the new location.33
I believe that sometimes God gives people prophetic

dreams of the future, and then they forget those dreams.
Then say months later, in their waking state, a piece of
that dream will come to pass in their environment, and
they’ll say, “Whoa! I just had déjà vu!” At that point, it
would be time to seek the Lord for a word of knowledge
to interpret the meaning of that déjà vu experience.
Katrina Wilson agrees:
Most of us would admit that we’ve been in a situa-

tion in which we realized that things were familiar,
but we knew that we had never physically been in
that place before. I’ve come to the conclusion
that déjà vu comes because we dreamed about
33
Nevill Drury, “Déjà Vu,” in The Dictionary of the Esoteric, p. 68.
something before it happened. You may not

remember or write down a dream, but circum-
stances can bring back to you portions of the
dream.34
But as we have seen, New Agers also have their ways of

interpreting déjà vu experiences, such as using them to
“prove” reincarnation. So, as with all mystical experi-
ences, use the Bible to test déjà vu experiences!
Coincidences can be caused by demons, because
Carl Jung thought that coincidences could explain some
forms of divination, which is the practice of communicat-
ing with demons through the occult. When a demon or a
pagan god shows a sign, it is called either an “omen” or
an “augury”—which comes from the sin of divination
(Deut. 18:10). But when God shows a sign, it is called a
“sign from God.” Is there any evidence in the Bible of
God arranging a coincidence to show a sign? The an-
swer is yes. Let’s take a close look at the divine coinci-
dence about Rebekah and the well of Haran in Genesis
24. In Genesis 24:1-9, Abraham made his chief servant
swear an oath to him to find a wife for his son Isaac in
Mesopotamia. Abraham didn’t want his son to marry a
Canaanite woman. This was God’s will, because God told
Abraham that He would send an angel before the chief
servant so that he would be able to get Isaac a wife from
Mesopotamia (24:7c). In Genesis 24:10-27, we have an
34
Katrina Wilson, Dream Talk (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson,
2008), p. 41.
example of a divinely-orchestrated coincidence, or a

“sign from God.” Once Abraham’s servant arrived in the
town of Haran in Northwestern Mesopotamia,
He had the camels kneel down near the well out-

side the town; it was toward evening, the time the
women go out to draw water. Then he prayed, “O
Lord, God of my master Abraham, give me suc-
cess today, and show kindness to my master Abra-
ham. See, I am standing beside this spring, and the
daughters of the townspeople are coming out to
draw water. May it be that when I say to a girl,
‘Please let down your jar that I may have a drink,’
and she says, ‘Drink, and I’ll water your camels
too’—let her be the one You have chosen for your
servant Isaac. By this I will know that You have
shown kindness to my master” (Gen. 24:11-14).
Then we read that even “before he had finished praying”

this prayer (24:15a), that a young woman named Rebekah
came out to the well to fill her water jar! When Abra-
ham’s servant asked her for a drink, she said, “Drink, my
lord.” After she gave him his drink, without her knowing
what the servant was praying about previously, she of-
fered to give the camels a drink too! Precisely what the
servant had prayed for about a few minutes ago! Aston-
ished, the servant asked the girl who’s daughter she was.
And she told him that she was Bethuel’s daughter, and
the granddaughter of Nahor. This was doubly “coinciden-
tal,” because Nahor was Abraham’s own brother
(24:15b)! Out of all the people in the town of Haran,
Abraham’s servant didn’t “just so happen” by random
chance to bump into Abraham’s relative; no, this was a

divine coincidence, and a sign from God—a confirma-
tion of God’s will. Abraham’s servant was so persuaded
that this divine coincidence was a sign from God, that he
said: “Praise be to the Lord, the God of my master Abra-
ham, who has not abandoned his kindness and faithful-
ness to my master. As for me, the Lord has led me on the
journey to the house of my master’s relatives” (Gen.
24:27).
The casting of lots can also be used as a prophetic
method of discerning God’s will that depends on divine
coincidence. It was used in the Bible times as a means of
decision making in light of God’s sovereign control over
all things—including His control over dice and other
similar objects used for casting lots. Proverbs 16:33 says,
“The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from
the Lord.” The apostles knew this, so they cast lots in or-
der to discern who the new apostle would be that would
fill the place of Judas Iscariot. Acts 1:26 says, “Then they
cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to
the eleven apostles.” But notice that this was preceded by
corporate prayer and was practiced in a Spirit-led atmos-
phere (Acts 1:24). Like Joshua, the apostles were sure to
cast their lots “in the presence of the Lord” (Josh. 18:10).
The Hebrew word for “presence” here is paniym, which
is the same word that is translated to the “face” of God—
that is, the manifest presence of God. Therefore, casting
lots the Biblical way requires performing it prayerfully in
God’s manifest presence. This author makes an appropri-
ate comment here:
Does Joshua’s action imply that believers today

are free to use games of chance such as drawing
straws, flipping a coin, or rolling dice in making
important decisions? Not everyone will feel com-
fortable using such an approach, but Joshua’s ex-
ample at least offers it as a possibility.35
The casting of lots was “a way of making decisions

in Bible times, similar to drawing straws or casting a pair
of dice to determine what course or direction to follow.”36
D. E. Aune says that a lot is “a device used to determine
the will of God or of the gods, i.e., a form of divina-
tion…Lots, though a form of divination, were never a
forbidden practice in ancient Israel as were the other ma-
jor forms of divination (cf. Deut. 18:9-14)…A variety of
small objects of stone, wood, clay, or other material were
also used…The lots appear to have been kept in a con-
tainer in which they were shaken until one was thrown or
sprang out.”37 It is true that casting lots, being a form of
divination, is also practiced by pagans. “Among the many
forms of divination are predictions based on symbols of
the Tarot cards; the fall of dice, yarrow sticks, or colored
35
“Decision-Making” in What Does the Bible Say About… (Nash-
ville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2001), p. 100.
36
Herbert Lockyer, “Lots, Casting of” in Nelson’s Illustrated Bible
Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1986), p. 655.
37
D. E. Aune, “Lots,” in vol. 3 of The International Standard Bible
Encyclopedia, ed. Geoffrey Bromiley (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans,
1979-1988), pp. 172-173.
beans.”38 Since “dice may be cast randomly as a form of

divination,”39 and Bible scholars have determined that
dice were used as a means of casting lots in Bible times,
it follows that prayerfully rolling dice and other Spirit-led
ways of lot casting are “sanctified forms of divination,”
though some Christians may understandably find that ex-
pression repulsive! But let us remind ourselves that this is
not a New Age practice if done unto Jesus Christ—the
Evangelical, Biblical understanding of Jesus Christ (John
14:6). Remember that the apostles cast lots (Acts 1:26).
To some Christians, this idea of casting lots as “sa-
cred divination” might be a stumbling block at first, but a
close study of the Scriptures about lots should dispel all
doubts about this practice. It was a common practice by
God’s people in the Bible—especially in Old Testament
times. It is true that the Bible says, “Let no one be found
among you…who practices divination…the Lord your
God has not permitted you to do so” (Deut. 18:10, 14).
But because casting lots is not specifically forbidden by
any Scripture, but rather sanctioned by several Scriptures,
we can then conclude that casting lots is not meant to be
included in this law about divination.
There are several examples in the Old Testament
about God using the casting of lots as a means of speak-
ing to the Israelites. There were the Urim and Thummim,
which were used for priestly decision making (Exod.
38
Nevill Drury, “Divination,” in The Dictionary of the Esoteric, p.
75.
39
Nevill Drury, “Dice,” Ibid., p. 74.
28:30). While no one knows exactly how these were

used, “many scholars believe these gems were cast, much
as dice are thrown, to aid the high priest in making im-
portant decisions.”40 They are thought to have provided a
“Yes” or “No” answer from God to serious questions
taken before His manifest presence—perhaps the Urim
represented “Yes” and the Thummim represented “No.”
Casting lots was also used as a means of determining
God’s will in the allotment of land (Num. 33:54; 34:13;
Josh. 18:6, 8, 10; 19:51), determining who God wanted to
provide wood for the altar (Neh. 10:34), determining who
God had privileged to be able to live in Jerusalem (Neh.
11:1), and determining who God wanted to be temple
workers (1 Chron. 24:5).
The practice of casting lots depends on the sover-
eignty of God, not on chance. If we believe that God is in
control of all things, then we should believe that even
when a lot is prayerfully cast, its every decision will be
from the Lord (Prov. 16:33). That is, when prayerfully in
His manifest presence, the Holy Spirit controls the roll of
the dice, the pull of the straw, the flip of the coin, etc.
Granted, there is room for a pagan to be deceived by a
diviner’s interpretation, but when in the manifest pres-
ence of the God, even pagans can be guided by God
through the casting of lots. Such was the case with the
pagan sailors in the Book of Jonah. Jonah’s ship was in
trouble on the sea, and the pagans wanted to figure out
40
Herbert Lockyer, “Urim and Thummim,” in Nelson’s Illustrated
Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1986), p. 1083.
who on the ship brought about this bad omen. God’s

presence apparently manifested on the ship in Jonah’s
presence, to move on the lots, in order to judge him for
his disobedience: “Then the sailors said to each other,
‘Come, let us cast lots to find out who is responsible for
this calamity.’ They cast lots and the lot fell on Jonah”
(Jon. 1:7). God used the casting of lots—a practice shared
by both the Israelites and the pagans—in order to speak
to the men on Jonah’s ship. But casting lots can also be
used for non-prophetic, chance-based purposes like gam-
bling or playing games (Job 6:27; Joel 3:3; Nah. 3:10; Ps.
22:18; Mark 15:24).
“What many people think are coincidences are ac-
tually valid prophetic impressions from God,” says Steve
Thompson.41 So, are all coincidences supernatural? It’s
hard to say for sure; perhaps some coincidences are pro-
duced by random chance; it is certainly possible. But one
thing is for sure: every time I experience a coincidence, I
immediately begin to interpret it as if it were from God.
At the same time, I believe that both God and demons can
orchestrate coincidences in order to speak to us through
signs or omens. Like all private revelations, coincidences
are still a matter of Bible-based discernment, and dis-
cernment rules should be applied. For further study on the
topic of divine coincidences, see Squire Rushnell’s When
God Winks at You: How God Speaks Directly to You
Through the Power of Coincidence (2006).
41
Steve Thompson, You May All Prophesy (Fort Mill, SC: Morning-
Star Publications, 2007), p. 38.
4.18. Tongues. There is a lot of mystery surrounding the

gift of tongues. Many do not really know what they’re all
about or why they are even necessary for the Christian
life. But once you have had the experience of tongues
yourself, then you will know that they are beneficial to
your spirit and soul. There are several key Scriptures that
pertain to tongues:
Mark 16:17: Jesus said, “These signs will accompany

those who believe: In My Name…they will speak in new
tongues.”
Acts 2:4: “All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit
and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled
them.”
Acts 19:6: “When Paul placed his hands on them, the

Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and
prophesied.”
1 Corinthians 14:4a: “He who speaks in a tongue edifies

himself.”
The entire chapter of 1 Corinthians 14 is about the

relationship between the gifts of tongues and prophecy
and their functions in church meetings. Tongues are diffi-
cult to understand intellectually, because they are intui-
tive and spiritual utterances. Therefore, it is wise that we
follow the mystical guidelines of Scripture on the topic.
There are two kinds of tongues (1 Cor. 12:10; 13:1).

Xenoglossy are the kind of tongues in Acts 2:4 where
Spirit-filled men supernaturally speak in unknown earthly
languages. In the early outpouring of the Pentecostal
movement, this kind of tongues was common. Agnes
Ozman, the first person known to speak in tongues in
Pentecostalism, is said to have spoken in Chinese for
three days straight. She never had learned the Chinese
language, but God who is able to confound the wise made
this English-speaking woman unable to speak her native
language for three days. She was only able to both speak
and write in Chinese—supernaturally!42
The second kind of tongues are glossolalia or sim-
ply speaking in tongues. This is the “normal” kind of
tongues that Pentecostals and Charismatics experience.
These are ecstatic tongues. They are not an unknown
earthly language, but a heavenly language of the Spirit
and of the angels. Whereas the former is about speaking
in the foreign languages of men supernaturally, this sec-
ond type is about speaking in the foreign languages of
angels supernaturally. But Paul brings us back to what
really matters in all of these experiences: “If I speak in
the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am
only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal” (1 Cor.
13:1). We must not get so caught up in the strangeness of
tongues that we forget a loving spirit is more important.
42
Eddie Hyatt, 2000 Years of Charismatic Christianity (Lake Mary,
FL: Charisma House, 2002), p. 139.
As far as the two different kinds of tongues are

concerned, I believe that Paul meant that the “tongues
of men” were in reference to xenoglossy and the
“tongues of angels” were in reference to glossolalia. As
I quoted above, 1 Corinthians 14:4a says, “He who
speaks in a tongue edifies himself.” This means that it
builds the man up spiritually. It increases his awareness
of God’s presence and his faith. I have heard some say,
“Speaking in tongues is the doorway to the supernatural.”
All of these blessings should be available to all Chris-
tians. But “do all speak in tongues?” (1 Cor. 12:30). No,
unfortunately not everybody does, because not everybody
wants to. Some think they’re scary, strange, funny-
sounding, weird, and carry more of a stigma than they are
worth. But Paul urges the believers to “eagerly desire the
greater gifts” (1 Cor. 12:31). He thanked God that he
spoke in tongues more than all of the Corinthian Chris-
tians (1 Cor. 14:18), because he knew the joy of praying
in tongues (1 Cor. 14:15-17). He considered “praying in
the Spirit” to be the same as praying in tongues.
Personally, I find tongues to be of a great help
sometimes when I am trying to concentrate on God dur-
ing worship. There is something definitely spiritual about
praising God or praying to God in tongues. With
tongues you can experience a blessed emotional release
of worship to God that you cannot express through mere
English words. This is why it can be tempting not to re-
strain yourself at times. But Paul advises restraint: “If the
whole church comes together and everyone speaks in
tongues, and some who do not understand or some unbe-
lievers come in, will they not say that you are out of your
mind?” (1 Cor. 14:23).
Therefore, “Anyone who speaks in a tongue should
pray that he may interpret what he says” (1 Cor.
14:13). This of course is in reference to tongues in a
church meeting. If you are praying in tongues privately,
then it is not as important to interpret them. But how is it
possible to interpret an unknown tongue? Especially if it
is heavenly glossolalia. What interpreter on Earth would
be able to translate your words? No, this is not natural
language translation. This is in reference to a supernatural
gift of the interpretation of tongues (1 Cor. 12:10).
Why is it necessary to supernaturally interpret supernatu-
ral tongues? Because you can get supernatural informa-
tion from it. That is, you can get revelation and proph-
ecy out of tongue interpretation. Therefore, uninter-
preted tongues are like coded prophetic revelations that
need to be decoded. It is the gift of tongue interpretation
that unlocks the mysterious meanings behind these
strange angelic sounds of the Holy Spirit.
How does the gift of tongue interpretation oper-
ate? First, either someone nearby or the tongue inter-
preter himself speaks in a tongue. Second, the tongue in-
terpreter “prays that he may interpret”—that is, he quietly
closes his eyes and listens to the voice of God, and looks
for any mental images that may appear in his imagina-
tion, and feels for any spiritual impressions that he may
receive, in reference to the tongues that were just previ-
ously uttered. Once he feels like he has received the es-
sence of the meaning of the tongues through divine reve-

lation, then he prophesies the interpretation of tongues.
What can you do to receive the gift of tongues?
1. Sincerely concentrate on God.
2. Don’t think about what you are going to say.
3. Make lots of funny sounds worshipfully to God.
4. Express your feelings to Him through these funny sounds.
The Holy Spirit will enable you to do this better the

more you practice it (Acts 2:4). Don’t give into your
doubts. Know that the devil doesn’t want you to enter
into this experience, because once you are able to flu-
ently pray in tongues, then you will be able to combat
evil spirits better. I say “fluently,” because in the begin-
ning stages of tongues, it will sound like baby talk. Just a
few of the same syllables and sound expressions repeat-
ing over and over. No wonder too, because if you are new
to tongue speaking, then you are like a baby about it. But
in time, the more you practice praying and worshiping
God in tongues, the more beautiful your tongues will
sound. Eventually you won’t even think that they are
funny or strange sounding, but normal.
4.19. The Spirit of Prayer. When we begin to enter di-

vine contemplation for a while, it is possible to experi-
ence what some call “the spirit of prayer.” This can also
happen during ordinary times of the day. This experience

comes in various forms, but generally it produces a de-
sire to pray in a certain way. There is a spirit of con-
templation, and the mystical theologians have called the
operation of it to be “infused contemplation.” It is the
Spirit-filled contemplation of God. The Holy Spirit or an
angel—it depends—enables you or energizes you to con-
template God with supernatural easiness. God draws you
or assists you in prostrating and stilling yourself to con-
template Him: “He makes me to lie down in green pas-
tures; He leads me beside the still waters” (Ps. 23:2,
NKJV). The spirit of intercession also comes upon cer-
tain people that Charismatics have come to call “interces-
sors.” It is a strong desire to pray for others—even people
that the intercessor doesn’t know very well. “I will pour
out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusa-
lem a spirit of grace and supplication” (Zech. 12:10a).
Supplication is another word for intercession or
praying to God on behalf of others. Certain spiritual phe-
nomena can be experienced when someone is under the
influence of a spirit of prayer—namely spiritual voices
and visions (and sometimes coincidences). What will
happen is the mystic may be contemplating God in si-
lence and then he begins to see mental images of certain
people. These images are accompanied with the impres-
sion that he should pray for them. The voice of God may
also speak a sentence fragment or two in order to com-
municate more about that person in the vision.
Sometimes, the intercessor can actually feel the
emotions of the Holy Spirit about the person seen in the
vision. In this case, the intercessory heart of God’s feel-

ings about an issue is being imparted to the intercessor.
The prayer then—being both informed by revelation and
energized by God’s feelings—becomes the very prayer
of God through the intercessor. Sometimes this can turn
into praying in tongues and praying in groans: “The Spirit
helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought
to pray for, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with
groans that words cannot express” (Rom. 8:26). This is
God praying to Himself through you. But it is impor-
tant to distinguish this authentic spirit of prayer from its
counterfeit found in religious people that suffer from psy-
chosis. These people, even though they may be medi-
cated, can often feel drawn to go off into daydream
prayers, dazing off without any sense of awareness in
their daily tasks. These people should be encouraged to
stay focused on chores and tasks and not pray so much.
4.20. Holy Laughter. Sometimes Christians filled with

the Holy Spirit experience a wonderful blessing of un-
controllable laughter. This is not a thing that is despised
by those who experience it. It is ecstatic and enjoyable.
Critics of holy laughter insist that this goes against the
spiritual fruit of self-control (Gal. 5:23); further, there is a
bias against emotional experiences altogether, thinking
that they are generally fleshly.43 However, sometimes the
Spirit of God overrides our will concerning things that we
fully agree with in advance. And God gives us emotional
43
http://www.gotquestions.org/holy-laughter.html
blessings to bring about inner healing. In order to experi-

ence the full blessing of holy laughter, there must be a
yielding of one’s control over oneself, and utter aban-
donment to the moving of the Holy Spirit. This you can
call faith or trusting in the Holy Spirit. This is controver-
sial to say, but I believe that holy laughter is a supernatu-
ral manifestation of “the joy of the Lord” (Neh. 8:10b);
and joy is a fruit of the Spirit (Gal. 5:22). Critics also
maintain that this experience and other like phenomena
are essentially New Age experiences, because there are
similar experiences found among the followers of Hindu
gurus.44 Again, I will come back and say that satan has a
counterfeit for every single spiritual experience that God
has given. The New Agers experience the counterfeit—
not the other way around. Guy Chevreau’s Catch the Fire
(1994) shows in a scholarly way that genuine holy laugh-
ter and spiritual drunkenness were both experienced and
endorsed by the Wesleys and the Edwards’ of the Great
Awakening.
In the early 1990s, Charismatic evangelist Rodney
Howard-Browne was responsible for imparting this bless-
ing to various churches. The Vineyard and Toronto Air-
port Christian Fellowship groups have welcomed the ex-
periences and continue to manifest them. Sometimes the
phenomenon happens all by itself. I have a friend that has
grown up in a house church community his whole life
44
Hank Hanegraaff, Counterfeit Revival (Nashville, TN: Word Pub-
lishing, 2001), p. 241; http://www.discernment-ministries.org/Holy
_Laughter.htm
and has not visited Charismatic churches very often. One

day while driving in the car, his son started to experience
holy laughter, saying, “Daddy, Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha!, Jesus is
making me laugh!” They felt it was wonderful. When I
asked them if they knew about Rodney Howard-Browne
and the holy laughter movement in the early 1990s, they
jokingly said, “Sorry John, we missed that one too!”
Therefore, holy laughter is a genuine spiritual experience,
and is not exclusively tied to New Age spirituality, and is
not necessarily the product of mass psychological sugges-
tion either. It’s the real deal.
4.21. Healing and Deliverance. This is by no means in-

tended to be a comprehensive treatment of healing theol-
ogy. Much of this is based on a few books on healing I’ve
read, my personal experiences with healing prayer, and
visiting healing ministries. For more books on healing
prayer and deliverance prayer, see the sections in Further
Reading.
1. Is it Always God’s Will to Heal?

2. Does Sickness Have a Purpose?
3. The Gifts of Healing
4. Finding a Healer or Deliverance Minister
5. Avoiding Fake Healers and Deliverance Ministers
6. True and False Doctrines
7. Healing Prayer
8. Deliverance Prayer (Exorcism)
9. Find a Real Healer with Experience
10. Cooperating with Doctors
Before we talk about the topics of healing and deliverance,

we need to ask the most important question about this area.
Is it always God’s will to heal? My answer is it depends
on the situation, sickness, and God’s timing. There is no
quick answer for every and all situations. I can’t just say
“Yes” or “No.” It just depends on several factors. I under-
stand Christians do not believe the same things about heal-
ing. So, by me taking a stance here, I’m bound to have
someone disagree with me. But what I will say is that my
beliefs about healing and deliverance are based on my ex-
periences, my knowledge of the Bible, and from my ex-
perience in dealing with healing ministries for my wife’s
battles with schizophrenia.
Since healing deals with miraculously curing sick-
ness, the second question is also important. Does sickness
have a purpose? My answer to this question is always go-
ing to be “Yes.” I can never say that sickness never has
any purpose or meaning. While there are many different
causes of sickness, some mysterious, and some not so mys-
terious—most Christians will admit that God has devel-
oped patience, perseverance, hope, faith, humility, and
self-control in them during seasons of sickness (Rom. 5:3-
4). It is also clear from Scripture that God sometimes al-
lows demons to attack saints with sickness in order to test
their faith and devotion to God (Job 2:1-7). Peter said,
“For a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all
kinds of trials. These have come so that your faith…may
be proved genuine” (1 Pet. 1:6-7). This is not to say that
Christians should not fight sickness with doctors, medi-
cine, prayer, healers, and deliverance ministers. But some-

times even when all of the weapons we have at our dis-
posal—both physical and spiritual—are not working in
conquering sickness, we need to seek God about why He is
not letting this sickness be healed. We still need to fight
sickness, especially with prayer: “Is any one of you sick?
He should call the elders of the church to pray over him
and anoint him with oil in the Name of the Lord. And
the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person
well” (Jas. 5:14-15). This is standard Christian procedure
for dealing with sickness. Go to the elders and have them
pray for your healing. But what can you do when pray-
ing for healing doesn’t work? Keep on going to the eld-
ers and have them pray for you. It then becomes an issue
of hope and perseverance toward God (Jas. 5:11).
Paul asked a very important rhetorical question: “Do
all have gifts of healing?” (1 Cor. 12:30). My answer is
“No.” While every believer can lay hands on the sick and
pray for their healing (Mark 16:17-18), not every believer
has the same amount of power to heal sickness. This truth
is expressed by Paul in various ways, “You are the Body
of Christ, and each one of you is a part of it. And in the
church God has appointed first of all apostles, second
prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, also
those having gifts of healing, those able to help others,
those with gifts of administration, and those speaking in
different kinds of tongues” (1 Cor. 12:27-28). By listing
these gifts, Paul is definitely saying that not everyone has
gifts of healing. Only some members of the Body of Christ
have these special gifts of healing, and they are known by
their success at healing people when praying for sickness.

All Christians can and should pray for healing, because
that is how the church can discover who has gifts of heal-
ing and who doesn’t. But once it is discovered who has
gifts of healing, these gifted people should be recognized
by the elders of the church; and Christians should come to
them in order to receive prayer for their sicknesses.
Paul said, “To each one the manifestation of the
Spirit is given for the common good. To one there is given
through the Spirit the message of wisdom, to another the
message of knowledge by means of the same Spirit, to an-
other faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing
by that one Spirit, to another miraculous powers, to an-
other prophecy, to another distinguishing between spirits,
to another speaking in different kinds of tongues, and to
still another the interpretation of tongues. All these are the
work of one and the same Spirit, and He gives them to
each one, just as He determines” (1 Cor. 12:8-11). Only
some Christians have gifts of healing; and these people are
revealed to the church by praying for the sick. Once these
healers have been discovered—it is they who should
mainly be sought out for receiving healing. God should get
all the glory too, because it is He that gives the gifts of
healing to each one, just as He determines (1 Cor. 12:11).
Therefore, not every Christian has gifts of healing; only
the ones that God has sovereignly determined to have
them.
How does one find a healer or deliverance minis-
ter? If you or a loved one are very sick or demonically op-
pressed, then you need to do what James says and call for
the elders of the church to pray for you (Jas. 5:14). When
James wrote this, he was writing to an early church that
was Charismatic and moving in the gifts of the Spirit, and
no doubt had elders with gifts of healing. In the 21st cen-
tury, things might be different at your church than they
were in the church that James was writing to.
Firstly, James’ advice to go to the elders and be
healed by their prayers can only work if you are part of a
church that has elders with gifts of healing. If you don’t
have that, then it’s time to look for help from another
church that does have someone with the right gift of heal-
ing and is willing to pray for you until you get permanently
healed.
Secondly, you need to understand that there are dif-
ferent gifts of healing. The Bible uses the phrase “gifts” of
healing, not “gift” of healing. This is important to take
note of. Since the days of the Faith Cure movement in the
19th century, through the Pentecostal movement, the Heal-
ing revival, and modern Charismatic movements—healing
ministries have had a comeback after centuries of neglect.
Because of this, there has been an increase in experiential
knowledge about how gifts of healing operate, and there
have been many books written on the subject, based on
Bible knowledge and the experiences of healers. We must
truly praise God for these books and teachings, but also
note that not every healer or theologian agrees about divine
healing. We should rely on the Holy Spirit to show us who
is right and who is wrong in certain teachings about divine
healing and deliverance.
I think that experience with healing prayer is the best

teacher about these things. Abstract theological theories
about healing don’t really mean anything. To me, all that
matters is knowing what practically WORKS (what teach-
ings and practices get people healed—that’s what matters
in the end). Any teaching about healing that doesn’t get
people healed by Jesus should be thrown out of the win-
dow as false and empty. I take the stance that by “gifts” of
healing, Paul means that some have a gift to heal cancer,
some to heal blindness, some to heal arthritis, some to heal
childlessness, some to cast out demons like schizophrenia,
etc. This seems to be the belief of those who have any sub-
stantial amount of experience with healing ministries. No
Christian healer has all of the gifts of healing, because if
that were the case he could say, “I have need of nobody
but God.” But by dispensing the gifts of healing to certain
members of the Body of Christ, God forces Christians to
depend upon one another in times of desperate need.
Thirdly, while most Christians and ministers today
do not believe in a gift of casting out demons (gift of de-
liverance/gift of exorcism), I believe that this is a real
spiritual gift, and should be considered one of the gifts of
healing that Paul had in mind. Wayne Grudem agrees;
when referring to the lists of spiritual gifts in the Bible, he
says, “No musical gifts are included on any list either, and
neither is any gift of casting out demons, even though Paul
must have known that some Christians were more effective
in that area than others.”45 The Roman Catholic Church,

for long periods throughout church history, has retained
the belief in a special “gift of exorcism.” Those priests en-
dowed with this gift were initiated into the Order of Exor-
cists.46 The modern teaching that all Christians have the
power to cast out demons, because all have the Holy
Spirit—is a very inaccurate and misleading teaching.
Those Christians who suffer from severe demonization,
oppression, and schizophrenia would do well to know that
they need to seek out deliverance ministers who have ex-
perience and success with casting out demons.
By requesting for them from Pentecostal
churches, Charismatic churches, Healing Rooms,47 and
Deliverance Ministries48 in the Yellow Pages and Inter-
net searches, someone with the gift of casting out de-
mons can be found. Just call them up and ask, “If anyone
on your ministry team knows of anyone that has experi-
ence and success with casting out demons (e.g., schizo-
45
Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zonder-
van, 2000), pp. 1021-1022.
46
Lyman Coleman, ed., The Antiquities of the Christian Church, 2nd
ed. (New York: Baker and Scribner, 1841), p. 122.
47
http://healingrooms.com – This website has a directory of locations
where you can go to receive prayer for healing. However, I would ask
questions on the phone about the healers’ experience with healing spe-
cific sicknesses before going. This is not a deliverance directory, but
mainly for prayer for physical sickness.
48
http://www.sw-mins.org/Deliverance_ministries.htm – This website
is an international directory of deliverance ministries—the good, the
bad, and the ugly (use with caution). Deliverance focuses on casting
out demons through counseling and ongoing prayer.
phrenia, depression, fear, anxiety, etc), then please have

him call me.” You will eventually get some calls. How-
ever, some deliverance ministers are phonies, inexperi-
enced, or want you to pay money, so watch out not to
waste too much of your time with them. Someone with the
gift of deliverance will not tell you to wait for months and
years to get a demon cast out—the demon should come out
relatively quickly (unless it’s schizophrenia). Also, there
are many out there that don’t theologically believe in a gift
of deliverance even though they might have the gift. Don’t
quibble with them about theology, just make sure that they
are the ones casting out the demons!
I am not very experienced with healing ministry, be-
cause I do not have any gift of healing that I know of.
Most of my beliefs about healing have come from the
works of John G. Lake, Charles and Frances Hunter, and
Randy Clark. In addition to that, my wife has suffered
from schizophrenia for years, and I have spent plenty of
effort trying to get her delivered. Even now I am still
learning about the area of healing and deliverance, seeing
what works and seeing what is just empty philosophy. This
leads me to make several statements about what I see as
true and false doctrines about healing and deliverance.
I haven’t heard it all quite yet, but I will tell you what has
worked and what hasn’t, in my experience with praying for
my wife. Schizophrenia is a demonically caused brain dis-
order that produces symptoms such as loss of concentra-
tion, social withdrawal, clenching of the fists, hearing evil
voices, seeing evil visions (hallucinations), looking down
all the time, rigid body posture, oversensitivity to sounds,
being in a daze, and believing in unrealistic things (delu-

sions). If not treated with antipsychotic medication, it can
also cause catatonia, which is when the person turns into
sort of a frozen statue and can’t talk or move. In praying
and praying and praying for my wife, I discovered that I
don’t have a gift of healing or deliverance. This is not to
say that I won’t receive such a gift in the future, but I ac-
knowledge that I don’t have the gift right now. Though I
will say that various phenomena have happened as I have
experimented with healing and deliverance prayer. It is by
my experiences with these manifestations and phenomena
that I can say what works and what doesn’t.
Firstly, I will say that I have learned to pray by the
laying on of hands and commanding the sickness out
loud to leave or heal. This is called authoritative prayer.
Many times, my wife has testified to feeling “peace” after I
have prayed for her in this way. It has been frustrating to
know that she hasn’t been 100% healed or delivered during
these times of prayer, but feeling some peace is better than
nothing. She has felt the same peace when receiving prayer
from other healing ministers, but has yet to be delivered.
Again, I think these healers and myself have the Holy
Spirit in measure, but do not have the gift of casting out
demons which my wife needs for her full deliverance.
Secondly, when I have prayed for my wife, there
have been times when I have received closed visions or
voices about her sickness. These have been very few and
far between, but nevertheless real. When I pray about these
things, there have sometimes been apparent breakthroughs.
Thirdly, worshiping God with a worship CD has

been very helpful at helping my wife and I enter into
God’s presence and feel His peace. Though this has been a
struggle for her with the evil voices in her head, she has
wept and been blessed with peace during worship.
Fourthly, praying through John Eckhardt’s Prayers
That Rout Demons (2008) has given me a vocabulary to
pray against the devil at times when I wanted to pray but
couldn’t find the words. She has felt peace also during
these prayers.
Fifthly, fasting and praying for my wife’s deliver-
ance has brought me a little bit of revelation about what to
do about getting her delivered. It has not increased or re-
leased any gifts of healing that I know of, but has resulted
in some revelations into healing schizophrenia.
Sixthly, physical phenomena have happened while I
have prayed for her and some others, such as them feeling
tingling, heat, shaking, or electricity going through their
bodies. This does not mean that these people have been
healed, but only that God’s healing power was moving.
Seventhly, looking into my wife’s eyes and com-
manding the demon to come out in Jesus’ Name re-
peatedly has helped somewhat. This I’ve done for min-
utes, using my authority in Christ, harassing the demon
with Jesus’ Name. There were several times when her
body shook and she cried tears of release. Making perfect
eye contact, in Jesus’ Name I commanded the demon up
close in the eyes—several inches away from the face—to
reveal its name. My wife said she heard 2 or 3 voices in
her mind say at the same time, “I am Legion.” My wife
said that never in all our times of praying did she feel that
we were so close to “getting somewhere”! It’s important to
be loving and gentle most of the time, but sometimes mili-
tant and authoritative when casting out demons.
There are many other things that I don’t know about
casting out demons. But I do know that schizophrenia is a
really tough family of demons—and they do NOT want to
come out! See Chapter 21 on “Schizophrenia” in Frank
and Ida Mae Hammond’s Pigs in the Parlor (1973). I also
believe now that I shouldn’t waste my time seeking out
any Joe Schmo that claims to be a healer or deliverance
minister. I need to find a deliverance minister with the gift
of casting out demons—who has proven success in cast-
ing out demons over a short period of time. These are the
folks that have that extra “umph” of power to push the de-
mons out. While Christians like myself can do a lot to
weaken a demon through much deliverance prayer, it usu-
ally takes someone with a gift of deliverance to use that
special anointing to cast the STRONG DEMONS out. At
the same token, very strong demons like schizophrenia
usually need to be cast out by persevering through many
sessions of deliverance prayer and hearing God reveal the
names and functions of individual evil spirits. Schizo-
phrenics need to find a prayer group that is willing to per-
severe and walk through the whole thing with them, and to
never stop casting out the demons until full deliverance has
come. This can take anywhere from 5 to 10 prayer sessions
or more.
Now I want to share some of the things I’ve heard
people advise me about healing over the past several years
that I think are empty and vain. These things have been
said by well meaning people, by misinformed people, and
by people that don’t really care if you get healed or not. I
think that these are popular myths about divine healing,
false doctrines even, because they haven’t “worked” for
me. While there are Christians out there that might have
had experiences from these ideas, I have reaped no benefit
from them—but rather discouragement.
Firstly, people say that if you confess “healing
Scriptures” over yourself repeatedly for a very long
period of time, then you will be healed of whatever ill-
ness you have. This comes from the Word of Faith teach-
ers such as Kenneth Hagin and Charles Capps. While they
claim that this technique has worked for them, I must say
that it has not worked for me, and I think it might be a su-
perstition empty of power. This method of healing is not
found in the Bible or church history. While I will admit
that that the Word of God is sharper than a two-edged
sword and is full of spiritual power, I do not believe that
people can be healed by saying, “By His stripes I was
healed” over and over and over. And if this is possible, I
have never witnessed it, and yet I think it would be more
effective to just simply receive prayer from someone with
a gift of healing like James 5:14-15 says.
Even if confessing healing Scriptures is a valid way
to heal, I don’t think it is very efficient, but rather exhaust-
ing to already worn out people. People who are sick are
exhausted; they don’t need any more exhaustion—they
need help from others. These people will also tell the sick
person to just “receive” their healing. After only praying
one time for them, they tell the sick to just “accept that
they are already healed.” But the truth is, there is no
healing. It’s just a mind game, probably influenced by
Christian Science. The sick person leaves just as sick as
they were before coming for prayer, with no real hope of
future recovery. And folks, that is NOT Biblical healing!
Secondly, people say that if you will just forgive
those who have hurt you, then you will be healed—as if
that were all that is keeping you from getting healed. I
will admit that forgiveness is a healing practice, and often
necessary for deliverance. But some people have such a
limited view of healing that they think it all hinges on for-
giveness. No, while forgiveness is a contributing factor to
healing, it really all hinges on gifts of healing in prayer. On
top of that, this can come off as condemning and accusing,
implying that the sick are sinning, and they need to “just
forgive” and everything would be better. This is often said
in a group setting, and is embarrassing to those who are
already suffering from enough emotional pain.
Thirdly, people say that if you will just renounce all
occult practices then you won’t have anymore demons.
Truth be told, our world is filled with occult influences—
TV, books, games, school, items in people’s houses, etc.
Most people are unaware of these occult influences. Yet,
there is a popular opinion among deliverance ministers that
demonization (oppression/possession) is almost always
rooted in the occult. That is absolutely wrong. Although
many people are demonically oppressed because of play-
ing with an Ouija board or some other occult practice, not
everyone is.
Fourthly, a popular myth—spread by the great heal-

ing evangelists—is that every Christian can heal because
they all have the Holy Spirit. They point to Mark 16:17-
18 where it says that “they who believe” will lay hands on
the sick and heal them. John G. Lake was big about this.
Yet, in my experience as a believer, I have only been able
to give my wife some peace or remove pain from time to
time—not heal or deliver. So, there is definitely something
to be said about Paul’s comments about the gifts of healing
in 1 Corinthians 12. Again, this does not mean that all
Christians shouldn’t pray for healing, just that all Chris-
tians shouldn’t expect themselves to be gifted as healers.
There’s only one way to find out if you have a gift of heal-
ing—start praying for the sick, and see what happens! The
proof is in the pudding. However, don’t ever stop praying
for healing, because the day might come when you do re-
ceive a gift of healing.
Fifthly—and this is by far the most offensive—is that
people will tell the sick if they aren’t healed they don’t
have enough faith. While there were times when Jesus
said, “Your faith has healed you” (Matt. 9:22), experience
has taught various healing ministers that unbelievers have
been healed because of the faith of the healers. It is wrong
to always put the burden of faith on the sick, especially
since their doctors do so much to make them doubt God’s
power to heal. All that is needed is for the healer to have
faith in order to heal the sick. Both the healer and the sick
do not need faith, but it helps.
Sixthly, people will say that you just need to wait
for God’s timing to heal and deliver you. This is not in
the Bible or church history. I think this is just a “cop out”

for not knowing how to get healed. The Bible says, “Now
is the day of salvation” (2 Cor. 6:2). This concept of “wait-
ing on the Lord” for your special day of healing is not
right. The Bible teaches that if you want to get healed, then
you need to have someone with a gift of healing pray for
your sickness (1 Cor. 12:9; Jas. 5:14-15). This is not to
say there is no waiting for full healing during the process
of ongoing healing prayer. But it is wrong not to go to a
healer; and just wait for God to heal you directly in your
house or something on some special day in the future. In
the Bible what usually happened, is people had to go get
healed by someone with a gift of healing that would pray
for them—and this person was usually a prophet (see Gen.
20:17; Num. 12:13-15; 2 Kings 5; 20; Matt. 15:30; Luke
8:43-48; Acts 5:15-16; 28:8-9). And the gift that the per-
son has needs to be a gift that can heal your sickness. If a
man has a gift to heal blindness, but not cancer (but you
have it), then you should not go to him if he has had no
success in praying for cancer. If you have cancer, then you
need to find someone that has had success in healing can-
cer. Prior experience is what matters.
Seventh—and this is the most dangerous—is that
some healers will say the mentally ill should not take
antipsychotic medication. These people understand that
demonic oppression comes from a spiritual source, but
don’t understand that it works through the brain (which is
chemical and physical). The Bible uses words like “mind”
and “thoughts,” but not the word “brain.” The brain of
those with mental illnesses needs to be medicated by a
psychiatrist or else it will deteriorate and damage itself

even more. Also, if the person is not medicated he/she can
become catatonic—or frozen like a statue—unable to eat,
dress, or bathe him/herself. People say it is unbelief to turn
to psychiatrists and take these “mind-altering drugs” (they
think it is pharmakeia, the Greek word for magic potion or
witchcraft), but they don’t understand mental illness or
really know what they are saying. Actually, these are
“mind-focusing drugs” that help the mentally ill get more
in touch with reality. These Charismatic critics know noth-
ing about the brain, neuroscience, or psychology. All they
know is that most psychiatrists don’t believe in demons
and deliverance, so they react zealously against all psychi-
atric treatment. Antipsychotic medication plays a vital role
in healing those with schizophrenia and other mental ill-
nesses. But it is by no means the answer. It is but a band-
aid to a severe illness. The answer is persevering prayer
with a gift of casting out demons.
There are a lot of “quacks” and “frauds” out there
who claim to be healers or deliverance ministers (exor-
cists). Some are liars and con artists after your money,
some are inexperienced and misled, while others are ex-
perienced and real. There are all kinds of silly, false, and
discouraging teachings floating around the churches about
healing. But if you know what you’re looking for—people
experienced in healing a specific sickness (e.g., appendici-
tis) that are willing to pray for you as many times as you
need—then you will get your healing and praise Jesus for
it. We have to fall in line with 1 Corinthians 12 and
James 5:14-15. There are those with gifts of healing.
We can’t go outside of the bounds of Scripture and ex-

pect to get results. If you’re really suffering desperately
from a sickness, then make sure to find someone with a
gift of healing for that specific sickness. And if you can’t
find someone that has successfully healed someone from
your specific sickness, then at least go to a healer that has
healed a similar sickness. And the more experience he/she
has, the better. Don’t go to “wannabe healers” and expect
to get healed. It doesn’t work that way. You need to re-
ceive ongoing prayer from someone with a special gift of
healing. God gives the gifts of healing to each one, just as
He determines (1 Cor. 12:11).
All of these miraculous phenomena can be quite
astounding, exciting, faith inspiring, strange, and wonder-
ful. Excitement, awe, heavenly-mindedness, and confi-
dence in the existence of God and the truth of the Bible
are all increased when one is witnessing these miracles.
But if you are seriously sick, then let me say this as a fi-
nal precaution: work with your physician or psychia-
trist. Take the medicine you need until they say you
don’t need it anymore. If you have been sick, then tell
them of any improvements of your symptoms. Let them
observe and confirm that your symptoms have disap-
peared. Let them be astounded at the healing power of
God—don’t fight them. Perhaps even tell them that
you’ve gone to see a faith healer, but not to the exclusion
of medical treatment. But I wouldn’t press the issue too
much.
A true healing miracle will be able to stand the
test of the medical profession. Divine healing and the
medical profession should be working together; they need

not be mutually exclusive. While praying for sickness
should take priority over medicine (Jas. 5:14-15), don’t
be presumptuous like those in Christian Science and
come off of your medicine against the advice of your
doctor—especially if you are suffering from mental ill-
ness. Please wait patiently for the healing power of God
to manifest in your body; and wait for the doctor’s con-
firmation that you are healed enough to be weaned off of
your medicine.
If your doctor is uncooperative (as many of them
are), then as a final concession I would say to wait until
God Himself tells you to come off your medicine. Re-
member that your doctor makes money off of you staying
sick. If you get healed of an “incurable disease,” then
they are losing one more customer. Many will try to make
you think that you are not healed, even when there is
medical evidence to prove it. Then and only then is it safe
to go against medical advice. But remember that Luke
the physician (Col. 4:14) wrote both the Gospel of
Luke and the Book of Acts, which are full of healing
miracles. Generally, I believe it is God’s will to let medi-
cal practitioners witness God’s healing power, so please
work with them. Don’t believe that you have failed God
if you go to the doctor for help—even though John G.
Lake said it was a sin. If you are receiving all the prayer
for healing that you can, and there is no healing yet, then
you have not failed God if you go to the doctor.
4.22. Nature Miracles. There are miracles of spiritual,

emotional, and bodily healing—but there are also mira-
cles that affect the natural world around us. These are
called “nature miracles” or “miracles of nature.” They are
supernatural manifestations of either divine or demonic
phenomena in the natural world, but do not have to do
with healing, raising the dead, or casting out demons. The
former category of miracles were focused on curing the
afflictions of man, but nature miracles are focused on the
creation—and exercising power over nature. Over a three
year period, the Gospels record that Jesus worked at least
nine nature miracles—no doubt, through the gift of faith
and the power of the Holy Spirit:
1. Turning Water Into Wine (John 2:1-11)

2. First Miraculous Catch of Fish (Luke 5:4-10)
3. Calming the Storm (Mark 4:35-41)
4. Multiplying Fish and Bread for 5,000 (Mark 6:30-44)
5. Walking on Water (Mark 6:45-52)
6. Multiplying Fish and Bread for 4,000 (Mark 8:1-10)
7. Knowing a Coin is in a Fish’s Mouth (Matt. 17:24-27)
8. Killing a Fig Tree By Cursing It (Mark 11:12-14, 20-26)
9. Second Miraculous Catch of Fish (John 21:1-11)
Christ was also transfigured (Matt. 17:2) and as-

cended into Heaven (Luke 24:51), but it is unlikely that
He had any part in “working” these miracles through any
willful acts of faith. They probably happened to Him by
the sovereign will of the Father. Christ is just as fully
human as He is fully God, and He had to submit to the
will of the Father like any of us have to (Mark 14:36).
Therefore, sometimes nature miracles are direct acts of
God upon nature, without any human involved such as a

miracle worker. In the Old Testament there were several
nature miracles that were not caused by human miracle
workers:
1. The Creation of the Universe (Gen. 1-2)

2. The Flood (Gen. 7-8)
3. The Confusion of Languages at Babel (Gen. 11:1-9)
4. The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 19:24)
5. Lot’s Wife Turned Into a Pillar of Salt (Gen. 19:26)
6. The Burning Bush Not Consumed (Exod. 3:3)
7. Balaam’s Donkey Speaking (Num. 22:21-35)
8. Dagon Statue Falling Twice Before the Ark (1 Sam. 5:1-12)
9. Elijah Fed by Ravens (1 Kings 17:1-6)
10. Daniel’s Friends Saved in the Fiery Furnace (Dan. 3:10-27)
11. Daniel Saved in the Lions’ Den (Dan. 6:16-23)
12. Jonah Saved in the Fish’s Belly (Jon. 2:1-10)
But there are also plenty of examples of nature miracles

in the Old Testament that were performed by miracle
workers:
1. Aaron’s Rod Changed into a Snake (Exod. 7:10-12)

2. Moses and the Ten Plagues of Egypt (Exod. 7:20-12:30)
3. Moses and the Red Sea Crossing (Exod. 14:21-31)
4. Moses and the Waters of Marah Sweetened (Exod. 15:23-25)
5. Moses and the Manna (Exod. 16:14-35)
6. Moses and the Water from the Rock (Exod. 17:5-7)
7. Moses and the Earthquake of Korah’s Rebellion (Exod. 16:32-34)
8. Joshua and the Stilling of the Sun (Josh. 10:12-14)
9. Elijah Causes a Drought (1 Kings 17:1)
10. Elijah Prays Fire from Heaven for a Sign (1 Kings 18:19-39)
11. Elijah Causes Rain to Come (1 Kings 18:41-45)
12. Elijah Prays Fire from Heaven for Defense (2 Kings 1:10-12)
13. Elijah Divides the Jordan River (2 Kings 2:8)
14. Elisha Divides the Jordan River (2 Kings 2:14)
15. Elisha and the Healing of the Waters of Jericho (2 Kings 2:21-22)
16. Elisha and the Curse of the Bears (2 Kings 2:24)
17. Elisha and the Multiplication of Oil (2 Kings 4:2-7)
18. Elisha and the Healing of Deadly Pottage (2 Kings 4:38-41)
19. A Prophet Multiplies Bread for 100 (2 Kings 4:42-44)
20. Elisha and the Floating Axe Head (2 Kings 6:5-7)
21. Isaiah and the Reversal of the Sun’s Shadow (2 Kings 20:9-11)
These are by no means intended to be exhaustive

lists of all of the miracles in the Bible, but they are meant
to show that there are different kinds of miracles that can
happen under different circumstances. If you want to
study all of the Biblical miracles, then I suggest Herbert
Lockyer’s All the Miracles of the Bible (1961). There are
other strange non-healing miracles throughout church his-
tory and today. In the modern Charismatic movement,
people report strange things like gold dust appearing,
gold teeth appearing in people’s mouths, heavenly gem-
stones appearing, supernatural wind, and rain inside
church buildings.
How can a man work nature miracles? Man does
not have an “unlimited human potential” like the New
Agers would have us to believe. We are not self-existent
gods, but creatures made in God’s image (Gen. 1:27). We
are not omniscient, omnipotent, or omnipresent. We are
not the lords over our own universe, but God has given us
authority over His creation. We are to “fill the Earth and
subdue it” (Gen. 1:28). Jesus said, “With God all things
are possible” (Matt. 19:26). For some Christians (but not
all), this includes miracle working: “To another the work-

ing of miracles…But one and the same Spirit works all
these things, distributing to each one individually as He
wills” (1 Cor. 12:10-11, NKJV). Some Christians have a
special spiritual gift from God to work miracles. Men
cannot work miracles through their own human will-
power. Psychics will tell you that you can work miracles
all by yourself through your own natural “psi power,” but
that’s an occultic lie. Miracles have to be worked through
either divine or demonic assistance (prophetic or magi-
cal), but never on human strength alone. Prophets use the
power of God and psychics/witches use the power of de-
mons.
PART 2:
EVANGELICAL MYSTICISM DEFENDED
For those who are familiar with Evangelical theology, the

phrase “Evangelical mysticism” must sound like an oxy-
moron. Evangelicalism, the refined Protestant tradition,
has a history of being almost completely opposed to all
things mystical, supernatural, or miraculous. Often the
Protestants would rail at the Catholics and their belief in
miracles as “superstitious.” Bible believers, Bible teach-
ers, and Bible churches are the sorts of things that charac-
terize Evangelicalism. Evangelicals have always de-
fended the authority of Scripture, but sometimes empha-
size it more than God Himself.
In reaction to the misuses of the mystical life by
Marian mystics in the Catholic Church, many Protestants
have shunned Christian mysticism from the beginning of
the Reformation. Few Protestants have been radical
enough to practice contemplation and take spiritual ex-
periences seriously. These have been the Zwickau proph-
ets, the French prophets, the early Quakers, the early Mo-
ravians, the early Methodists, the Irvingites, the Pentecos-
tals, the Latter Rain movement, the Charismatics, and
Neocharismatics. Even out of these groups, few among
them have gone so far as to refer to themselves as “mys-
tics.” The Quakers have been really the only ones who
have been comfortable with the word “mysticism,” and
even so, not all of them.
Most Protestants and Evangelicals have had a Ces-
sationist attitude about spiritual experiences. The belief
Part 2: Evangelical Mysticism Defended 215
is that dreams, visions, God’s voice, healings, and mira-

cles ceased with the death of the last apostle, John. Of
course, there is no historical evidence for this claim; in
fact, church history tells us that the opposite is true. All
one has to do is read Jacobus de Voragine’s The Golden
Legend (1260) or Alban Butler’s The Lives of the Saints
(1759) to see the overwhelming amount of evidence that
miracles have always continued throughout church his-
tory.
The Holy Spirit has been performing signs and
wonders through Christians for 2,000 years—especially
through the Catholic monks. But it’s not about history
with Evangelicals; it’s about the authority of the Bible.
It’s about Evangelical theology, and how it insists on the
doctrine of sola Scriptura or only Scripture as the au-
thority of theological teaching, practice, and experience. I
do not believe in sola Scriptura, nor does any “radical”
Evangelical that dares to believe that God communicates
through spiritual experiences today. The belief in sola
Scriptura leads to condemning any modern-day super-
natural experience as demonic or hallucinatory. I simply
cannot believe this. It sounds deistic to me; deism is the
belief that God created the world, and abandoned it, leav-
ing everything up for man to figure out. I do not believe
that God has abandoned the church to fend for itself with
nothing more than a Bible and minds to interpret it. There
has got to be something more substantial than that! If
God is real, then He was not only real in Bible times, but
real today too. Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today,
and forever (Heb. 13:8). This means that the gift of
prophecy has never ceased, and neither have the gifts

of healing or working of miracles. It’s just that most
Christians have been taught to believe that God
doesn’t give those gifts anymore.
If you’re like me, and you believe basically every-
thing an Evangelical believes except for sola Scriptura,
then you believe in the validity of Evangelical mysticism.
You might not practice contemplation, but you certainly
believe that spiritual experiences are for today—and that
puts you in the mystical category. Suppose you are ready
to call yourself an “Evangelical mystic,” like A. W.
Tozer and Richard Foster; suppose you actively seek
spiritual experiences of God through contemplation; sup-
pose you are willing to be accused with names like “radi-
cal,” “heretical,” or “New Age” by your fellow Evangeli-
cals. How are you going to respond to such accusations?
If you have ascended the heights of divine contem-
plation and experienced God, then you have discovered
the greatest treasure in all existence. You want others to
know these secrets; it is so good, so wonderful, that you
just can’t keep this Christian mysticism to yourself. You
want to evangelize about it—of course, not more than the
Gospel—but you do want to share about contemplation
and spiritual experiences. You don’t want to be the only
guy you know that knows how to experience the depths
of Jesus Christ. This is the meat of the Christian life! But
the problem is that most Evangelicals are resistant to
Christian mysticism, contemplation, and spiritual experi-
ences. They are more comfortable with church tradition
and Bible study. I personally wonder how many Chris-
Part 2: Evangelical Mysticism Defended 217
tians would even want to experience God if the opportu-

nity were ever given to them. If Evangelicals ever hear a
mystic like yourself talking about dreams, visions, and
visitations from Jesus—most will think you’re crazy. And
if they are theologically oriented, then they will think you
are a heretic or a New Ager. But you’re not a heretic!
And you’re not a New Ager! How can you respond to
these accusations?
That’s what this part of the book is about. In this
section, I will present: (1) a list of important Bible verses
that reveal contemplative spirituality is Biblical, (2)
Balthazar Alvarez’s defense of contemplation, (3) my
own response to the popular objection that contemplative
prayer borrows from “Eastern meditation,” (4) the history
of Christian mysticism, (5) 50 of the greatest Christian
mystical writings, and (6) a chapter on the question of
whether or not contemplative prayer is borrowed from
Neoplatonism. Although my humble work is far from a
comprehensive defense of Evangelical mysticism, I have
provided a fairly long annotated bibliography at the end
of the book in the “Further Reading” section. Many of
those books have material in them that can be researched
for further defenses of Christian mysticism. If you want
to experience God, that is good—but you will be per-
secuted for it! This is why it is important that you “al-
ways be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks
you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do
this with gentleness and respect” (1 Pet. 3:15).
CHAPTER 5
CONTEMPLATIVE BIBLE VERSES
A lot of the time strict Evangelicals challenge mystics by

asserting that divine contemplation or soaking prayer is
un-Biblical. In fact, they go on to state that the only kind
of prayer that is acceptable for Christians is either petition
or intercession, which both involve asking God for help
in various situations. To assert that meditation and divine
contemplation are Biblical practices is contradictory to
them, for they know of no Scriptural evidence whatso-
ever. In order to provide some evidence of contemplative
spirituality in the Bible, I will present certain Bible
verses from special key words that I have pulled out of a
Strong’s Concordance KJV word study. This is by no
means a comprehensive list of all of the contemplative
Scriptures in the Bible, but only the ones that have stood
out to me the most. I have placed them under topical
headings:
MEDITATION
Psalm 1:2: “His delight is in the law of the Lord; and

in His law doth he meditate day and night.”
Psalm 91:1: “He that dwelleth in the secret place of the

Most High shall abide under the shadow of the Al-
mighty.”
Psalm 119:11: “Thy Word have I hid in mine heart, that I

might not sin against Thee.”
Contemplative Bible Verses 219
Psalm 119:97: “O how love I Thy law! it is my medita-

tion all the day.”
John 15:4-5, NKJV: “Abide in Me, and I in you. As

the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides
in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in Me. I
am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in
Me, and I in him, bears much fruit; for without Me
you can do nothing.”
Colossians 3:16: “Let the Word of Christ dwell in you

richly in all wisdom.”
VISUALIZATION
1 Chronicles 16:11: “Seek the Lord and His strength,

seek His face continually.”
Psalm 16:8: “I have set the Lord always before me: be-
cause He is at my right hand, I shall not be moved.”
SOLITUDE
Isaiah 40:3: “The voice of him that crieth in the wilder-

ness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the
desert a highway for our God.”
Mark 1:35: “In the morning, rising up a great while

before day, He went out, and departed into a solitary
place, and there prayed.”
SILENCE
Job 4:16: “There was silence, and I heard a voice.”
Psalm 62:1, RSV: “For God alone my soul waits in

silence; from Him comes my salvation.”
Isaiah 30:15: “Thus saith the Lord God, the Holy One of
Israel; In returning and rest shall ye be saved; in quietness
and in confidence shall be your strength.”
Isaiah 41:1: “Keep silence before Me, O islands; and let

the people renew their strength: let them come near; then
let them speak.”
Lamentations 3:25-29: “The Lord is good unto them that

wait for Him, to the soul that seeketh Him. It is good that
a man should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation
of the Lord. It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in
his youth. He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because
He hath borne it upon him. He putteth his mouth in the
dust; if so be there may be hope.”
Habakkuk 2:20: “The Lord is in His holy temple: let all

the Earth keep silence before Him.”
STILLNESS
Psalm 4:4: “Stand in awe, and sin not: commune with

your own heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah.”
1 Kings 19:12: “After the fire a still small voice.”
Psalm 23:2: “He maketh me to lie down in green pas-

tures: He leadeth me beside the still waters.”
Numbers 9:8: “Stand still, and I will hear what the Lord
will command concerning you.”
Job 37:14: “Hearken unto this, O Job: stand still, and con-
sider the wondrous works of God.”
Psalm 46:10: “Be still, and know that I am God.”
Isaiah 30:7: “Their strength is to sit still.”
SITTING
2 Samuel 7:18: “Then went king David in, and sat be-
fore the Lord, and he said, Who am I, O Lord God?
and what is my house, that thou hast brought me hith-
erto?”
Lamentations 3:28: “He sitteth alone and keepeth silence,

because He hath borne it upon him.”
Acts 2:2: “Suddenly there came a sound from Heaven as

of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where
they were sitting.”
PROSTRATING
Leviticus 9:24: “There came a fire out from before the

Lord, and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and
the fat: which when all the people saw, they shouted, and
fell on their faces.”
Lamentations 3:29: “He putteth his mouth in the dust;

if so be there may be hope.”
WAITING ON THE LORD (TARRYING)
Isaiah 40:31: “They that wait upon the Lord shall re-
new their strength; they shall mount up with wings as
eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they
shall walk, and not faint.”
Luke 24:49: “Behold, I send the promise of My Father

upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be
endued with power from on high.”
CONCENTRATION ON GOD
Isaiah 26:3: “Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace,

whose mind is stayed on Thee: because he trusteth in
Thee.”
RESTING IN THE SPIRIT
Psalm 37:7: “Rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for

Him.”
Isaiah 63:14: “The Spirit of the Lord caused him to rest.”
Matthew 11:28-29: “Come unto Me, all ye that labour

and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My
yoke upon you, and learn of Me; for I am meek and lowly
in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.”
Acts 9:31: “Then had the churches rest throughout all

Judaea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and
walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the
Holy Ghost, were multiplied.”
Hebrews 4:9-11: “There remaineth therefore a rest to the

people of God. For he that is entered into His rest, he also
hath ceased from his own works, as God did from his. Let
us labour therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall
after the same example of unbelief.”
LISTENING TO GOD
Isaiah 55:3, NCV: “Come to Me and listen; listen to

Me so you may live.”
VISIONS
Matthew 5:8: “Blessed are the pure in heart: for they

shall see God.”
2 Corinthians 12:1-4, NIV: “I will go on to visions and

revelations from the Lord. I know a man in Christ who
fourteen years ago was caught up to the Third Heaven.
Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not
know—God knows. And I know that this man—whether
in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but
God knows—was caught up to Paradise. He heard inex-
pressible things, things that man is not permitted to tell.”
VOICES
1 Kings 19:12: “After the fire a still small voice.”
Job 4:16: “There was silence, and I heard a voice.”
John 10:27: “My sheep hear My voice, and I know them,

and they follow Me.”
Alvarez’s Defense of Contemplation 225
CHAPTER 6
ALVAREZ’S DEFENSE OF
CONTEMPLATION
Whenever the topics of soaking prayer, contemplative

prayer, or meditation are brought up in an Evangelical
conversation, they are usually faced with hostility. There
is fear that it is a grand deception. Because there is lack
of understanding about the differences between the con-
templative spirituality of the Biblical prophets and the
monks of church history, and the contemplative spiritual-
ity of Eastern gurus and Hindu mystics—immediately
most Evangelicals think that Christian contemplation is
some deviant form of prayer. They think that it is borrow-
ing from Eastern religions, and that it is a New
Age/occult practice. However, this is not the case. When
we speak of soaking or contemplative prayer, we are not
referring to Transcendental Meditation, Yoga, Zen, or
any other form of Eastern occult practice. As far as I
know, there are five sources that you can look into for
defense of Christian contemplative prayer against the oc-
cult counterfeit:
1. The Triads (1338) by Gregory Palamas

2. Holy Wisdom (1657) by Augustine Baker
3. Listening Prayer (1994) by Leanne Payne
4. Wasted on Jesus (2000)—Ch. 3 by Jim Goll
5. How to Hear God’s Voice (2006) by Mark and Patti Virkler
I’m sure that there is more material in other con-

templative literature, but these are all of the defenses of
Christian contemplation that I know of for now. What I

am going to quote below is a famous defense of contem-
plation by a Jesuit priest named Balthazar Alvarez, who
was a close friend of St. Teresa of Avila. As a devout
Jesuit priest of the Society of Jesus, he like his brother
monks, lived a disciplined life in the way of The Spiritual
Exercises (1548) of St. Ignatius of Loyola. He practiced
the meditative visualizations of St. Ignatius for 15 years
diligently and didn’t get much out of them. Then he was
led of the Holy Spirit to practice the simple contempla-
tion of God. As a result, the superiors of his Jesuit order
became suspicious of this contemplative prayer, and
wondered why he didn’t practice the spiritual exercises
anymore like all the other monks.
They demanded that he defend contemplative
prayer, because it seemed to them to be a “prayer of inac-
tivity” and a “waste of time.” So then, he presented his
gospel of contemplative prayer by defending himself
logically and coherently. It is an argument that has stood
the test of time in the Catholic Church, and is taken from
Treatise 3, Section 1, Chapter 7 of Augustine Baker’s
Holy Wisdom (1657). The first paragraph presents 5 rea-
sons why the contemplation of God is the greatest of all
forms of prayer. After this, he presents answers to 7 ob-
jections that people have against contemplative prayer.
This extract is not the writing of Alvarez himself, but is
Baker’s overview of Alvarez’s argument. Since Baker’s
English is old and outdated, I modernized it with my own
translation:
14. He goes on to explain his reasons why this restful

prayer of the will is the best of all forms of prayer: 1. Al-
though there is no reasoning of the mind—the soul—
silently bringing itself before God with a firm faith that
God understands what it wants, succeeds in telling God
what it wants; also, the soul exercises all of the moral vir-
tues, by humbling itself before Him, loving Him only,
and believing that it is leaving its own ways and attaching
itself to God’s ways—through this, all kinds of spiritual
goodness will come into the soul. 2. In contemplation the
soul has a far more sublime and worthy notion of God. 3.
The still and quiet practice of contemplation may be far
more “wordy” and continual than the tiring practice of
discursive meditation (in fact, it may even come to be
practiced continually without any interruption).
4. All the good fruits of discursive meditation, such
as humility, obedience to God, etc., are far more perfectly
produced through contemplation than by that which is
brought about by mental exercises. 5. It is true that St.
Ignatius of Loyola’s spiritual exercises were designed for
souls that are not inclined to practice contemplation, but
contemplation should be thought of as a good thing for
those whom God has called and prepared for it; also, St.
Ignatius himself practiced contemplation after he puri-
fied the imperfect spiritual exercises that he practiced in
his earlier years. After he stopped practicing his own
spiritual exercises, and was exalted by God to the sub-
lime practice of contemplation, he came to experience
divine things. So then, nobody should practice contem-
plation until God has led them to do so; and after some-
one is called to practice contemplation, they should not

be forbidden to practice it (as is taught in Francisco de
Osuna’s The Third Spiritual Alphabet); and whoever for-
bids people from practicing divine contemplation will
give a strict account to God for such a great sin—and
even, as one spiritual writer says, God will shorten the
lives of those spiritual leaders who presume to discourage
and make people afraid of practicing contemplation,
unless they stop from doing it.
15. This is what Balthazar Alvarez had to say in favor of

contemplation, after a retreat of 15 days; and he presented
this to his superior with a very humble confession of his
personal defects and sins, and he magnified God’s grace
to him.
16. In addition to all of this, he also wrote a short dis-

course in which he went into greater depth about the na-
ture of this restful and silent practice of contemplation.
He gave answers to seven objections which certain of his
brother monks had made and spread rumors against con-
templation. The sum of these objections, with their an-
swers, I will now present to you.
17. The first objection to contemplation. People who

practice contemplation, who don’t use discursive medita-
tion or the intellect, seem to be wasting their time doing
nothing—time which could far better be spent doing good
deeds.
18. Alvarez’s Answer: Although the intellect is in a way

suspended from activity, the soul is far from being idle;
on the contrary, the soul does what St. Bernard of Clair-
vaux calls “the business of all businesses.” By contem-
plating God, a stream of holy feelings can freely flow
through loving, admiring, adoring, congratulating, resign-
ing, and offering the soul to God who is contemplated
with the eye of faith. All of this is done through a few
words and sometimes in silence. In other words, the soul
behaves itself according to a variety of feelings that the
unction of the Holy Spirit, who is the principle master of
it, teaches and moves the soul to—just like St. Dionysius
the Areopagite said to Timotheus, “Turn yourself to the
beam of divine light.” Divine contemplation leads to un-
ion with God, which the same saint calls, “The union of
the unknown with the Unknown,” which is the supreme
height of all mystical theology, and without experience of
it, cannot be understood by anyone.
19. The second objection to contemplation. If one gives

up the practice of discursive meditation, out of an expec-
tation to receive divine revelations, then that seems to be
tempting God, and favoring the error of the heretics
called the Alumbrados.
20. Alvarez’s Answer: Contemplation, which is prac-

ticed with holy feelings and not mental exercises, cannot
be practiced by those who have been practicing discur-
sive meditation for a long time—except when God’s
Spirit draws these people to contemplate Him. Those
who do ascend from meditation to this quiet prayer of

contemplation, do so by the guidance of the Holy
Spirit. And once they have been brought into this con-
templative state, they do not expect revelations, but are
simply aware of the presence of God in the soul, which
produces holy feelings for Him. This Spirit-led practice
has no agreement with the practices of the Alumbrados,
who without any call from God’s Spirit, and without any
preparation, arrogantly presumed to contemplate like they
did—remaining in a distracted idleness, and misusing
their time in expectation of supernatural visitations from
God. Also, they did not focus on growing in holiness or
putting to death their sinful feelings. So then, if a carnal
man should presume to practice divine contemplation, he
will be forced to quit, because no man can be at peace in
God’s presence if he deliberately resists the Holy Spirit;
and the fruit of the Spirit is purity, holiness, humility, and
obedience to God’s will.
21. The third objection to contemplation. There is no

way to discern when God’s Spirit is leading someone to
practice contemplation, or if someone is practicing con-
templation presumptuously out of a desire to experience
spiritual gifts—which nourish self love.
22. Alvarez’s Answer: This can be known by the effects

that contemplation has on the contemplator, just as a tree
is known by its fruits. The effects of contemplation,
when it is practiced by the leading of the Holy Spirit, are
softness and flexibility of the heart to God’s will; a yield-
ing acceptance of all things from His hand; a confidence

of receiving all good from Him to whom the soul has en-
tirely given itself; an imitation of the perfect ways of our
Lord Jesus; a renunciation of self will, etc. Surely the
contemplation that teaches these things is without a doubt
from God.
23. The fourth objection to contemplation. People who

practice contemplation are opinionated, adhering to their
own selfish ways; and out of spiritual pride, they look
down on others, and refuse to submit themselves to the
judgment of their spiritual leaders.
24. Alvarez’s Answer: Errors and misuses such as these

should not be blamed on contemplation itself (which
teaches the opposite), but on the imperfections and sinful
natures of those who do not practice contemplation as
they ought to; so then, this is not a good enough reason
to condemn contemplation itself, no more than medi-
tation should be condemned because of those medita-
tors who commit these same errors of pride; and, I
think that prideful meditators can be even more obnox-
ious and vain, because they can brag about all of the
visualizations they have invented. The sacraments that we
see are abused, but they are never forbidden; so then, no
spiritual leader should ever forbid other people from
praying to God as His Spirit leads, unless the person is
going through a very hard time.
And if spiritual leaders should absolutely forbid
people from practicing Spirit-led prayer and contempla-
tion, then they should expect that God will require an ac-
count of them. However, in general it is wrong for Chris-
tians to disobey the advice of their spiritual leaders; but
until their leaders forbid them from practicing contempla-
tion, all Christians ought to follow the lead of the Holy
Spirit to contemplate God. Also, Christian mystics are not
presumptuous if they think of themselves as more capable
to judge such mystical issues better than those who have
no mystical experiences; and neither is it prideful to ac-
knowledge the gifts that are given to us from God, as the
apostle says.
25. The fifth objection to contemplation. Some mystics

are so given over to contemplation, that they are always
in a kind of ecstasy; they are so delighted with the im-
pulses which they experience, that they forget their obli-
gations of charity, obedience to God, and practice of ho-
liness; so then, these mystics give up on the practices of
social holiness, so that they can immerse themselves in
contemplation—which gives them no truths that can be
reasonably communicated to their neighbors for their en-
couragement. All of this is contradictory to the Society of
Jesus that was instituted by St. Ignatius; also, many
monks who practice contemplation become sick, which
makes them incapable to live the kind of life that they
have vowed to live.
26. Alvarez’s Answer: It is no wonder that some imper-

fections are found in these mystics, because nobody is
perfect; however, the imperfections that you mentioned
should not be blamed on contemplation itself, but on

the misuse of it; because contemplation itself urges peo-
ple to practice charity whenever it is needed (but not
when it isn’t needed). This is what St. Augustine meant
when he said, “Our free time should not be spent in doing
nothing, but should be spent in a loving search for holy
truths” (The City of God 19.19). Charity needs good
works in order to be shown to others, but if there are no
good works to do for the time being, then people should
remain in contemplation of truth—this agrees with the
teachings of St. Gregory the Great (Morals on the Book of
Job 7.18) and St. Bernard of Clairvaux (On the Song of
Songs 57.9).
In addition to that, through meditation a person may
be able to develop different forms of spiritual pride, but
through contemplation the will and feelings are strength-
ened in righteousness; and it is righteousness alone that
makes a person acceptable to God. As for sicknesses—
they come only from the abuse of contemplation; because
if contemplation is practiced correctly in stillness and re-
laxation, then it is far less dangerous to the head and
health than the exhausting visualizations of meditation—
and that is why the holy mystics who regularly practiced
contemplation were able to continue in it for much longer
than other forms of prayer.
27. The sixth objection to contemplation. Contempla-

tion has a way of drawing people to be so entirely ab-
sorbed into it, that they neglect all devotion to the saints
and praying for common needs.
28. Alvarez’s Answer: Vocal prayers and religious exer-

cises are only different ways to bring people into a state
of quiet contemplation, as was taught by St. Thomas
Aquinas (Summa Theologica 2-2, Question 83, Article
13). People should stop praying when they find them-
selves full of excited feelings. This doesn’t mean that
Christians should disregard vocal prayers, petitions, in-
tercessions, and the like—but that they should be used for
contemplative experience. It is said that St. Ignatius of
Loyola, by practicing vocal prayers for a long time, came
into such an intimate experience of God, that he couldn’t
preach because he received so many revelations and emo-
tional experiences from the Holy Spirit! When this hap-
pened, his friends had to ask his superior to allow him to
rest from his daily ministry for a period of time, because
he was receiving so many divine experiences.
We shouldn’t think that Spirit-filled contemplation
automatically rejects petitions for general or special
prayers. All prayer requests are already known to God,
because He sees the hearts of His people. Sometimes
Christians do not pray very much for themselves even
though they have needs; they would rather spend their
energy on prayers that are less self-centered; but at the
same token, their unspoken prayers for themselves are
eventually answered, because their hearts were in the
right place. And lastly, concerning devotions to the
saints—they consider it to be their highest honor if God is
honored the most.
29. The seventh objection to contemplation. Contem-

plation calls people away from the spiritual exercises of
St. Ignatius of Loyola.
Alvarez’s Answer: Alvarez gave his response to this at

the top of this discourse, before the first objection (14.1-
5). This was the response that he gave to his superior af-
ter a retreat of 15 days. But in addition to this initial ob-
jection, something else was added: If monks practice
different kinds of prayer, then it is bound to cause di-
visions in the Society of Jesus. To that objection, Alva-
rez responded that spiritually strong people should be al-
lowed to practice contemplation if they want to, without
any fear of divisions, or any intention of looking down on
others that don’t contemplate God.
In addition to Alvarez’s defense, I add on my own here:
The eighth objection to contemplation. It seems that

“contemplative prayer” is a Christianized form of Eastern
meditation; it seems to be a non-Biblical practice that
borrows from the New Age and Eastern mysticism.
My Answer: Contemplation is the mental practice of

staring at something for a prolonged period of time. It can
come in many forms. If you sit on the side of a lake and
stare at it, then you are contemplating that lake. If you are
staring at something under your fingernail, then you are
contemplating that thing under your fingernail. Mystical
contemplation is when religious people use contempla-

tion to get in touch with their gods. Pagans, Jews, and
Christians have practiced this since the beginning of time.
It is the practice of getting still, closing the eyes, quieting
oneself, and concentrating on one’s god for a long time.
This practice, when it is faithfully done for long enough,
will bring man into an awareness of the spirit world. But
more than anything, it brings an awareness of the single
object of contemplation. For the Sufis, it is Allah; for the
yogis, it is Brahman; for the Buddhists, it is nothingness;
for the Native American shamans, it is the Great Spirit;
for the New Agers, it is the Higher Self; and for Chris-
tians, it is Jesus.
While it is true that Thomas Merton and the
Centering Prayer group have merged Christian con-
templation with Eastern meditation, this is a misuse
and an abuse of contemplative prayer. The New Age
movement of the 1960s and 70s brought Eastern medita-
tion practices into the West. Since then, New Age Chris-
tians—which blend Christianity with Hinduism and Bud-
dhism—are not following the way of Christ. Their mis-
uses of contemplation should not discourage orthodox
Christians from practicing contemplation on Jesus alone.
The New Age Christians contemplate a god that includes
“Jesus” in their pantheon of spirit guides. But Evangeli-
cal, theologically orthodox Christians know that Jesus is
the only Way, Truth, and Life (John 14:6).
Christian contemplation predates New Age medita-
tion by thousands of years. The Biblical prophets prac-
ticed contemplation from time immemorial; Jesus and the
apostles contemplated in the first century; the Montanists

contemplated in the third century; the Desert Fathers con-
templated in the third and fourth centuries; the Catholic
and Eastern Orthodox monks have contemplated for over
1,700 years; the Discalced Carmelites renewed contem-
plation in the 16th century; the Quietists were persecuted
for contemplating in the 17th century; the Quakers also
contemplated in the 17th century; and the Pentecostals
contemplated in the early 1900s during their “tarrying
meetings.”
It wasn’t until the 1960s that New Agers began to
merge Christian contemplation with Eastern meditation—
borrowing from practices like Transcendental Meditation,
Yoga, and Zen. This misuse of contemplation should not
make true contemplation to be looked on with contempt.
True contemplation of the real God is Biblical, and highly
noble: “Be still, and know that I am God” (Ps. 46:10);
“Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is
stayed on Thee” (Isa. 26:3, KJV); and “they that wait
upon the Lord shall renew their strength” (Isa. 40:31,
KJV)—this is only some of the evidence of contempla-
tion in Bible times.
If strict Evangelicals want to demonize Christian
mysticism simply because they think it’s a “Catholic
thing” or an “occult thing,” then they are free to do so.
But they are misguided in doing this. Christian mysticism
predates the Catholic Church and it also predates occult-
ism. Adam, Noah, and Enoch all had direct experiences
of God. While there were no doubt occultists in their
times, there were also prophets. The Bible makes a clear
distinction between true prophets and false prophets.

Both are mystical and in touch with the supernatural, but
one is good and the other evil. Also, some Evangelicals
arrogantly seem to think that they have “got it all to-
gether” theologically. This new movement towards
Evangelical mysticism is a restorative move back to early
Christian practices and experiences. What should matter
is pleasing God by following His will the best we know
how, like the first century Christians. The values of the
“Evangelical tradition” should not matter as much as liv-
ing in the fullness of Gospel truth, practice, and experi-
ence. In my opinion, the Evangelical tradition has no
place for the supernatural, but early Christianity did. This
is why contemplation is a good thing, because it is a prac-
tice of early mystical Christianity.
The ninth objection to contemplation. Contemplation

and mysticism lead to a subjective existentialism, or the
attitude that spiritual experiences are self-authenticating,
without any need of confirmation or proof of validity.
Because of this, mystics readily believe their visions and
voices without checking the Bible to make sure that they
are from God.
My Answer: It is true that some mystics do fall into this

error: New Agers, New Age Christians, liberal Christians,
and uncareful Charismatics. But this is an irresponsible
misuse of contemplation and spiritual experiences. The
responsible mystic needs to “test the spirits to see
whether they are from God” (1 John 4:1). This he does by
regarding the Bible as theologically superior to his own

visions, voices, and revelations. Anything that he subjec-
tively experiences needs to be some way objectively
proven in the Bible, especially in the New Testament.
The prophet Isaiah spoke critically of the psychics in his
times, “To the Law and to the Testimony! If they do not
speak according to this Word, they have no light of
dawn” (Isa. 8:20). It doesn’t matter how “gifted” a mystic
may be; if his revelations cannot be backed up by the Bi-
ble, then they are not valid. But if someone ever receives
a revelation about something that the Bible is silent
about, then it should agree with the general flow of New
Testament morals and theology.
The tenth objection to contemplation. This “Evangeli-

cal mysticism” is a postmodern emerging church thing;
and the emerging church is heretical.
My Answer: The emerging church has no exclusive

claim on contemplative prayer just as the New Age
doesn’t. I am not an emerging church person; I reject its
relativism and liberalism as heretical. I believe in conser-
vative Evangelical and Charismatic theology, but I also
believe in practicing contemplation to attain spiritual ex-
periences of God. And there are many others who believe
like I do.
The eleventh objection to contemplation. Contempla-

tion was perfected by the Catholic mystics. Why would
any good Evangelical want to practice something that

was taught by deceived Catholics?
My Answer: As an Evangelical I understand why any

spiritual practice coming from the Catholic Church
should be looked on with suspicion. After all of the theo-
logical errors (that contradict the New Testament) in
Catholic history—such as Mary worship, praying to
saints, vows, perfectionism, works righteousness, pen-
ance, viewing the Eucharist as a repeating substitutionary
atonement, the Rosary, the Crusades, indulgences, kissing
statues, etc. It almost makes you think that anything from
the Catholic Church could be demonic. But we have to
remember that Christianity survived through the Catholic
Church for 1,200 years. I don’t believe that God only
manifested Himself to the early church, went to Heaven
for 1,200 years, and came back to be with the Protestants
once the Reformation came around. But some Evangeli-
cals seem to think this way. They seem to think that God
left Christianity in total spiritual darkness for 1,200 years
of church history! This idea was expressed in Martin Lu-
ther’s The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520).
But to me it is simply unthinkable that no good
thing could ever come out of the history of Catholic spiri-
tuality. That would mean that the Holy Spirit was com-
pletely inactive among the Catholic monks for most of
church history until the Reformation. Sure there have
been a lot of things wrong with Catholic spirituality, but
is everything wrong? Everything? I don’t think so! I think
Evangelicals need to live up to their theology and show a
little grace in this area. Especially when it comes to con-

templation, which is proven by the Bible in many ways.
In addition to that, let me say that the teachings of Catho-
lic mystical writers need to be authenticated by the Bible
just as much as the teachings of Evangelical writers; but
it is often the case that Catholic books are filled with Bi-
ble quotes (for example, Thomas à Kempis’ The Imitation
of Christ (1418)).
CHAPTER 7
THE HISTORY OF
CHRISTIAN MYSTICISM
or
A Sketch of Charismatic Movements and
Supernatural Phenomena in Church History,
Marked by the Practice of Divine Contemplation,
Spiritual Experiences, and Miracles
For the following historical sketch I am indebted to Eddie

Hyatt’s 2000 Years of Charismatic Christianity (2002),
Evelyn Underhill’s Mysticism (1911), and Thomas
Keating’s Open Mind, Open Heart (1986). The first
work, while actually unfavorable towards contemplation
and Christian mysticism, does a great job at charting
Charismatic groups that have emerged throughout church
history. Though these groups were often undeniably mys-
tical and contemplative, Hyatt only pays attention to the
gifts of prophecy, tongues, and healing that were found
among them. The second work, that done by Underhill, is
only a noteworthy source because of its historical value.
However, as far as Underhill’s theological views were
concerned, I would render her a “proto-New Ager.” Her
sketch charts pagan mystics alongside the Christian mys-
tics, as if they were of the same stream of spirituality. To
believe such would be of the utmost confusion, for as the
Christian mystics are the prophets of God, the pagan
mystics are the prophets of satan. They are both spiritual
masters—the Christian mystics and the pagan mystics—
but they are masters of two completely different spiritual
armies. One of good, the other of evil. The third work,
The History of Christian Mysticism 243
that of Keating, is written by a New Age Christian. Since

I am an Evangelical mystic, I also only turn to his book
for its historical value. Here I will only be charting the
Christian mystical tradition; that is, those Christians who
practiced divine contemplation in some form or another,
and were thus favored with spiritual experiences.
The precursors to Christian mysticism begin with
the mysticism of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; of Moses
and the prophets of his time; of Deborah, Samuel, and
David; and of the Old Testament prophetic movements
in the eighth century B.C., headed by Elijah and Elisha
(see 1 Kings 12:25—2 Kings 17:41). This is not to say
that Abraham was the first of the Lord’s prophets, be-
cause it is more likely that Enoch and Noah should be
counted among the first, but they were part of the pre-
Flood world. Throughout the history of Israel, the proph-
ets of the Lord were men (and sometimes women) of God
that the Holy Spirit used to bring revelation and direction
to the Israelites. It was through the prophet Moses that
God regathered His people out of Egypt to form them
into a nation of priests and prophets. Following Moses’
death, a period followed in which the “judges” politically
ruled over Israel—this was supposed to be a theocratic
rule by prophets. But out of all 15 judges, it seems that
only Deborah and Samuel were prophetic; all of the oth-
ers were either corrupt or too politically or militarily
minded.
The Lord’s prophets almost always came into con-
flict with the political and religious authorities of Israel.
Ironic isn’t it? But this is what happened when human
nature and religious institutionalism came to relate with

the Spirit of God and the Israelite mystics. The interests
of the political and religious institutions that developed in
Israel eventually clashed with the raw spirituality of the
prophets and mystics of Israel. All too often the Israelites
lapsed into religious ritualism, worldly-mindedness, and
unbelief. They lost their connection with the Spirit of the
Lord and just accepted whatever was religiously popu-
lar—usually the Canaanite religions of the Baal gods. Of
course, they also “worshipped” the Lord; after all He was
considered a good god too—but this greatly angered the
Lord.
Although the Lord remained patient with them for a
long time, His anger at the Israelites finally reached its
breaking point when He stirred up King Nebuchadnezzar
to deport them out of Canaan and into Babylonia. All of
this happened gradually, but the process was complete by
around 582 B.C. There were basically no more Israel-
ites—or Jews we may call them at this point—in the
lands of Israel or Judah (that is, Canaan). The Jewish
temple was destroyed and they were all living in the for-
eign pagan country of Babylonia. During the Babylonian
exile, synagogues and Jewish theology developed. In this
time, there were not very many prophets that we know of
other than Ezekiel, Daniel, Zechariah, and Malachi. There
were certainly mystics and prophets during the Babylo-
nian exile, but we cannot say with clarity that there were
any “prophetic movements” like in the times of Elijah
and Elisha. For the most part, we may say that this was a
spiritually dry season, a time of testing and purification

for the Jews.
Around 432 B.C. the Jews were almost completely
restored back to their native land, with Malachi being the
last of the prophets that they recognized. With the long
time absence of the Levitical priesthood and the sacred
rites of the temple, Judaism came under the influence of
the theology of the rabbis that developed in the Babylo-
nian exile. (Rabbi Judah haNasi’s The Mishnah (A.D.
200) compiled many of their oral traditions and laws.
This was later expanded into Rav Ashi and Ravina II’s
The Babylonian Talmud (A.D. 475)—which is considered
to be the summation of the Jewish religious tradition up
until that point in history.) Cessationism—the concept
that spiritual gifts have ceased—eventually developed
after the death of Malachi in 430 B.C.
The rabbis and scribes canonized the Old Testament
as the official Jewish Scriptures with the Book of Malachi
as the last book; although nobody knows for sure when
this officially happened. It could have been anywhere be-
tween 200 B.C. and A.D. 200. Nevertheless, from the
death of Malachi in 430 B.C. to the beginning of the min-
istry of John the Baptist in A.D. 26, we have a period of
456 years when the official Jewish clergy—the priests
and rabbis—did not accept any mystics, prophets, or pri-
vate revelations as truly from God. This is not to say that
there weren’t any mystics or prophets during this Intert-
estamental period, but there were no prophetic revela-
tions that were counted as true among the Jewish clergy.
It was tradition!
The Old Testament canon was sealed with the Book

of Malachi; and if not officially sealed, then at least so-
lidified through rabbinic tradition. This began to change
with the ministry of John the Baptist, as some of the rab-
bis among the Pharisees came to believe in him and Je-
sus—for whom John was the forerunner. During the In-
tertestamental period there was talk of a future Jewish
messiah, a king of the Jews descended from David, who
would come and bring freedom and righteousness to the
Jewish people. Many people also anticipated the return of
the prophet Elijah based on this prophecy: “See, I will
send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful
day of the Lord comes” (Mal. 4:5).
The beginning of Christian mysticism is found in
John the Baptist, who stole away to the desert to spend
time contemplating God in solitude and quietness, disci-
plining his body with fasting and austerities. It is here that
John experienced profound dreams, visions, and voices
from God; the most profound of these being the revela-
tion that Jesus was the Lamb of God who was to take
away the sins of the world, and that he would know this
Lamb by seeing a vision of the Holy Spirit descending
upon Him. Christ later said that John the Baptist was the
“Elijah” who was to come, as prophesied by Malachi
(Matt. 11:14). John, like his mystic predecessor before
him, spent a great amount of time and effort subduing his
fleshly passions, and practicing stillness and contempla-
tion to experience divine ecstasies, revelations, and favors
from God’s presence. John was Christ’s forerunner and
he pointed the Jews to Jesus as the awaited Messiah.
Jesus Christ was also a mystic—of course, the

greatest of all mystics, the King of Mystics—for it was
He from whom no spiritual mystery was hidden except
the day of His return. The Gospels say that He knew all
things; yet, we have come to assume that this is because
He is the Second Person of the Trinity and therefore om-
niscient. But at the same token, He was fully human also,
and He also had to ask certain people questions for His
lack of knowledge concerning some things. Believing as I
do that Christ had partial knowledge while on Earth, He
had to receive divine revelation through dreams, visions,
voices, impressions, and signs just as every fully human
mystic has to. I believe it is probable that many of His
parables were influenced by symbolic dreams and visions
that He received from His Father.
Further, the Gospels say that just after He was bap-
tized by John in the Jordan River, that the Spirit baptized
Him with power, and He went into the desert for forty
days where He was tempted by satan. He fasted while in
the heat of the dry desert. No doubt, spending time sub-
duing evil passions from His flesh and satan—with great
ease as the Son of God—He spent time contemplating
God in the silence and solitude of the desert. Satan tried
to distract Him from concentrating on His Father at least
three times, as he always tries to with God’s mystics
spending time in contemplation. Though the Gospels
never use the word “contemplation,” the fact that He was
infused with spiritual power and vision in the desert, is
evidence enough that He was simply spending time in
pure consciousness of His Father’s presence. No doubt
He also must have engaged in plenty of petitionary and

intercessory prayers for the work of the ministry for
which He was preparing, but even so, these kinds of intel-
lectually driven prayers generally do not have the power
to expand one’s spiritual consciousness of God’s pres-
ence, angels, and demons—all of which He was fully
conscious of in the desert.
The early church, with its apostles and prophets,
was directed by the revelations of mystics. After receiv-
ing the baptism in the Holy Spirit on Pentecost, the early
church at Jerusalem saw visions of fire and spoke in
tongues as they were sitting still in a room waiting and
contemplating God for the coming of the Holy Spirit.
People in church history that were prophets—ecstatics
and visionaries that received revelations on a fairly regu-
lar basis—always have been mystics that practiced divine
contemplation. This is the one spiritual practice that
opens up the spirit’s consciousness of God’s presence and
revelation. Therefore, whenever we find a prophetic or
Charismatic group in church history that experienced
revelations, we may assume that they also practiced con-
templation regularly (in some form or another).
There are rare occasions when non-mystics have
received divine dreams and visions, but because they lack
wisdom concerning divine contemplation, their revela-
tions unfortunately became once-in-a-lifetime experi-
ences. Those who regularly practice contemplation are
prophetic people who have cultivated their spiritual
senses to experience God’s presence, hear God’s voice,
and see God’s visions. No doubt, the apostle Paul spent
several years in the Arabian desert doing not much more

than eating, sleeping, meditating, praying, and especially
contemplating God. He reports later on that he apparently
had an out-of-body visit to the Third Heaven. The apostle
John, we very well know, wrote the entire Book of Reve-
lation, which the first chapter indicates he received while
in an ecstatic contemplative state of mind, as he was “in
the Spirit on the Lord’s day.”
While it can be said that the “church fathers” Clem-
ent of Alexandria (150-215) and Origen (185-254) were
mystics and practiced contemplation, I truly hesitate to
call them church fathers, because of their heretical view-
points. They were followers of the early “New Age
Christian” sect called Christian Neoplatonism, which was
a strange syncretism of Christian theology, Hinduism,
and the philosophy of Plato. Though some modern Chris-
tians regard Clement and Origen among the first of the
Christian mystics, they were not. They were not orthodox
Christian mystics, but rather ancient New Age Christians
with clouded spiritual vision. Arguably, the first true
Christian mystics to emerge after the apostles were the
Montanists. They were a prophetic movement in the sec-
ond century that encouraged ecstatic prophesying, and
were supported by the orthodox church father Tertullian
(160-220). As house churches began to dissolve and the
institutional church gained momentum, the movement
was successfully stamped out by the clergy. When the
New Testament was canonized it was understood by the
clergy as the completion of all divine revelation (Cessa-
tionism again).
The second group of Christian mystics after the

Montanists were the Desert Fathers. The most promi-
nent leader of this group was St. Antony (251-356),
whose supernatural lifestyle was written in Athanasius’
The Life of Antony (360). In the third century, the Roman
Empire was viciously persecuting Christians with tortures
and martyrdoms. In reaction to this, a movement of
young people fled to the Egyptian deserts to live in soli-
tude—either in communities or alone as hermits—where
they spent much of their time contemplating God and ex-
periencing God’s presence and revelations. These men
grew to be old and experienced contemplatives who in
turn trained other young people to practice divine con-
templation. These now older mystics became the fathers
of the desert, and the founders of Christian monasticism.
In a sense, Christian mysticism began with the Desert Fa-
thers. It is true that Christ, the apostles, and the early
church were mystical and contemplative. But there is lit-
tle material written by them on the contemplative life.
Contemplative Christian literature began to surface
among the Desert Fathers.
Fourth century texts such as The Sayings of the De-
sert Fathers and The Lives of the Desert Fathers record
proverbs and short biographies of prominent monks; Pal-
ladius’ The Lausiac History is a source of more of the
lives of the Desert Fathers; John Cassian’s The Institutes
discusses monastic clothing, spiritual discipline, and ho-
liness; and his famous book The Conferences include
conversations that he had with some of the monks on the
topics of contemplation, holiness, and spiritual gifts. The
monastic movement of the Desert Fathers eventually lost

its spiritual fire around 400, following the deaths of
Saints Antony, Pachomius, and Basil.
Over a process of 750 years, from around 400 to the
1050s, not only had Europe undergone a tremendous po-
litical and religious transformation from paganism to
Christianity, but spirituality had declined from the revival
of the Desert Fathers. Monasteries became institutional-
ized and worldly. There were only a few mystical theolo-
gies here and there, such as Pseudo-Dionysius’ Mystical
Theology (500) who was not a Neoplatonist even though
New Age Christians would say otherwise; John Cli-
macus’ The Ladder of Divine Ascent (600); and Symeon
the New Theologian’s The Discourses (10th century). Af-
ter these Dark Ages, a spiritual renewal began to move
through monasticism again, and in reaction to the world-
liness and politicization of the institutional church.
In France, the Cistercians formed in the late 1090s.
Also in France, Hugh of St. Victor (1078-1141) and
Richard of St. Victor (d. 1173) headed the Victorine
movement. It was a zealous return to Christian mysti-
cism. The latter wrote three influential contemplative
works in the 1190s: The Twelve Patriarchs, The Mystical
Ark, and Book Three of the Trinity. In Italy, the Francis-
cans formed in the early 1200s. In France again, not long
after the formation of the Franciscan brotherhood, the
Dominicans formed around 1216. A Benedictine nun and
mystic prophetess named Hildegard of Bingen published
divine visions called Scivias (1151). Christian mysticism
exploded in the middle of the 12th century. Other great
works of this period include Angela of Foligno’s Com-

plete Works, Hadewijch’s Complete Works, Mechthild of
Magdeburg’s The Flowing Light of the Godhead, and
Jacobus de Voragine’s The Golden Legend (1260) which
was a collection of miracle stories of various saints. Fe-
male visionary mystics known as the Beguines were also
prolific writers in this time.
The Waldensians or Waldenses, were a non-
institutional Charismatic group that lived in austerity, and
formed in France in the late 1170s. Because they prac-
ticed open air preaching and sharing without “official
permission” from the institutional church, they were per-
secuted. The Waldensians also emphasized divine heal-
ing. Gregory Palamas’ The Triads (1338) defended the
Eastern Orthodox method of hesychastic contemplation
(which employed breath control). Walter Hilton’s The
Scale of Perfection (1494) was a great work on contem-
plation. More female visionary mystics published visions:
St. Catherine of Siena’s Dialogue (1370), Julian of Nor-
wich’s Revelations of Divine Love (Showings) (1393),
and Margery Kempe’s The Book of Margery Kempe
(1438).
Brother Ugolino’s The Little Flowers of Saint Fran-
cis of Assisi (1390) became a classic devotional reading
from the life of St. Francis—and contains many miracle
stories about the early Franciscans. An anonymous author
wrote The Cloud of Unknowing in the late 1300s which
became a classic manual on the contemplative life. Tho-
mas à Kempis’ The Imitation of Christ (1418) was written
with mystical material, however most of it deals with
practical everyday holiness, and has become a classic de-

votional book. In the Middle Ages, Christian mystics
could be found all over Europe. There were monastic
mystics and lay mystics. Everywhere from the 1190s to
the mid 1400s experienced a proliferation of mystical lit-
erature: mystical theology, contemplative manuals, mira-
cle stories, and private revelations of divine visions.
Christian mysticism declined in popularity for a hundred
years and eventually dropped off at a steep decline in the
late 1500s.
The Protestant Reformation was largely to blame
for this departure from Christian mysticism and contem-
plation as the Protestants focused on getting “back to the
Bible.” The Catholic Counter-Reformation reacted to this
anti-mystical attitude. The Jesuits and the Discalced
Carmelites were two mystically oriented Catholic orders
that tried to convert Protestants back to the Catholic faith
by appealing to spiritual experiences and miracles. The
Jesuits were inspired by St. Ignatius of Loyola’s The
Spiritual Exercises (1548). This book was a manual for
miraculous visualization of Christ. The Discalced Carme-
lites were inspired by the works of Saints Teresa of Avila
(1515-1582) and John of the Cross (1542-1591). Their
mission was to revive Christian mysticism; and their
works are the first of their kind in that they catalog spiri-
tual experiences with such precision. To this day, they
have served as points of reference for Catholic mystical
theologians. Especially St. Teresa’s The Interior Castle
(1577) and St. John of the Cross’ The Ascent of Mount
Carmel (1578).
There were some radical reformers among the Prot-

estants that were fervently Charismatic. The Anabaptists
were Charismatic, but there was a group that branched off
of them called the Zwickau prophets that put a stronger
emphasis on spiritual gifts—however they had a militaris-
tic side to them. From the 1640s to the 1660s, the Jan-
senists were a Catholic Charismatic group that had Cal-
vinistic beliefs about divine grace and free will. For this
they were deemed heretics, but they did experience char-
ismatic phenomena. Also in the late 1600s, a Catholic
mystical group appeared in France that were known as
the Quietists. They were very enthusiastic about holi-
ness, contemplation, and spiritual experiences. They were
branded as heretics by the Catholic Church primarily be-
cause they supposedly taught that contemplating God is
okay without any active concentration. That is, empty-
headed contemplation that resembles Zen and other forms
of Eastern meditation. However, it is still a subject of de-
bate that they taught this, based on various interpretations
of their writings. They probably did not teach this, but
were merely the victims of an anti-mystical suspicion that
had been popular in France at the time because of witch
hunting.
While rejected by the Catholic Church, some Prot-
estant mystics have found inspiration from Quietist writ-
ings. Among these were the early Quakers, John Wesley,
Jessie Penn-Lewis, Hudson Taylor, and Watchman Nee.
Both books are still considered great works on contem-
plation, as they have stood the test of time: Madame
Guyon’s A Short and Easy Method of Prayer also known
as Experiencing the Depths of Jesus Christ (1685) and

Miguel de Molinos’ The Spiritual Guide (1675). Unfor-
tunately, ever since the Quietist controversy in the seven-
teenth century, Christian mysticism and contemplation
came to be regarded with very great suspicion by most of
the church. The Protestant Reformation was anti-mystical
enough, but the Quietist controversy made it even more
of a challenge to be a Christian mystic (even for Catho-
lics). For the past 300 years, most Christians have de-
spised the idea of contemplation—except for the Quakers
and a few others.
Inspired by the Quietist movement, the Quakers
emerged in England under the lead of George Fox, who’s
Journal (1694) and Book of Miracles (1696) contain
various miracle stories. To this day, the Evangelical
Friends—their spiritual children—are one of the few
Protestant groups that emphasize the need of contempla-
tive prayer as an essential part of Christian practice.
Quaker theologian Richard J. Foster’s Celebration of
Discipline (1978) teaches meditation and contemplative
prayer. In the 1680s, a prophetic movement emerged in
the Cevennes mountains known as the French prophets
or the Camisards. This was the first orthodox Christian
group since the Montanists to lay such a heavy emphasis
on restoring the gift of prophecy. Their leader John Lacy
argued that Montanism was an orthodox prophetic
movement in the early church. He also taught on the need
of taking dreams, visions, and voices seriously as modes
of divine revelation. His book, like St. John of the Cross’
The Ascent of Mount Carmel (1578), is one of the first
prophetic manuals to appear in church history, but now in

a Protestant context. It was called The General Delusion
of Christians, Touching the Ways of God’s Revealing
Himself to and by the Prophets (1713).
The 1700s were the time of the Great Awakening
in England and the American colonies. The Moravians
and Ludwig von Zinzendorf, the Methodists and John
Wesley, and the Congregationalists and Jonathan Ed-
wards all experienced miracles in their meetings. Slay-
ings in the Spirit, quakings, holy laughter, prophetic ex-
periences, and even healings were occurring. However,
there was a great hesitancy among the leaders of these
movements to move too far in the direction of spiritual
gifts. Zinzendorf, Wesley, and Edwards were all strong
proponents of Christian perfection or sanctification, and
they preached to the end that all would know the depths
of God’s love in the heart. However, John Wesley was
more open to spiritual gifts than Edwards was. Wesley
found inspiration from the writings of Thomas à Kempis,
Madame Guyon, John Lacy, and other Christian mystics.
Jonathan Edwards, though “liberal” with regards to
physical manifestations of the Holy Spirit, still remained
a Cessationist and continued to resist the notion that mod-
ern dreams and visions could have true revelations from
God.
Into the 1800s, there was a Second Great Awaken-
ing among certain colleges in the American colonies.
Also in Cane Ridge, Kentucky a revival happened among
thousands of pioneers. Just like in the first awakening,
there were slayings in the Spirit, quakings, holy laughter,
prophetic experiences, and healings. However, both of

the great awakenings were holiness-oriented and did not
emphasize spiritual gifts. But physical manifestations of
the Holy Spirit did happen.
In 1827 a Charismatic group appeared called the
Catholic Apostolic Church or the Irvingites, led by Ed-
ward Irving. They came out of the Church of Scotland
and they held entire prayer meetings that were dedicated
to receiving spiritual gifts. A summary of their beliefs
appeared in Thomas Erskine’s The Supernatural Gifts of
the Spirit (1883). During this time in America, Phoebe
Palmer and Charles Finney led the Holiness movement
with their evangelistic meetings. They laid a strong em-
phasis on obeying God’s commandments in everyday
Christian life. Holiness was important to them and they
taught that people could receive a supernatural gift from
the Holy Spirit that would help Christians to live holy
lifestyles. This experience they called the baptism in the
Holy Spirit (this was not a miraculous gifts, Charismatic
view). Physical manifestations and miracles happened in
their meetings, but again the emphasis of this movement
was holiness, not spiritual gifts.
In the late 1800s, the Faith Cure movement
emerged and was inspired by three books: A. J. Gordon’s
The Ministry of Healing (1882), A. B. Simpson’s The
Gospel of Healing (1885), and Andrew Murray’s Divine
Healing (1900). After so long a period of time since the
Waldensians, divine healing through praying for the
sick was emphasized again. Within the context of the Ho-
liness and Faith Cure movements, a man by the name of
Charles Parham temporarily opened Bethel Bible College

in Topeka, Kansas. Parham and his students emphasized
personal holiness and held long prayer meetings. After
an in-depth study of the Book of Acts, they came to con-
clude that the Biblical baptism in the Holy Spirit wasn’t
merely about inward holiness, but that it was associated
with miracles and evidenced by speaking in tongues
(Acts 2:4). In 1900 his students began to speak in tongues
and eventually so did he. Then he turned into a tongues
evangelist, teaching about the experience of tongues in
Holiness churches and temporary Bible schools across
America. One time when he was teaching in one of these
schools in Houston, Texas, a black man named William
Seymour believed his teaching. Later on, Seymour was
called to minister in Los Angeles, California.
From 1906 to 1909, it is there that Seymour became
the leader of the Azusa Street revival and the Pentecos-
tal movement—which internationally spread to India,
Chile, Norway, England, China, and other countries.
Seymour published a newspaper called The Apostolic
Faith that documented the miracles of this revival; and
they have been republished as The Azusa Street Papers
(1997).1 When Pentecostalism spread to England, there
was an explosion of theology on spiritual gifts; three
books are highly notable: Donald Gee’s Concerning
Spiritual Gifts (1928), Harold Horton’s The Gifts of the
Spirit (1934), and Howard Carter’s Spiritual Gifts and
Their Operation (1968). At the same time, Parham went
1
This is available from http://www.stevehill.org.
to Zion City, Illinois to teach about tongues to a commu-

nity that knew all about divine healing. The Zion City
revival occurred during this period. Tongues, healings,
and other spiritual experiences were present. F. F. Bos-
worth’s Christ the Healer (1924) was inspired by this re-
vival.
Not long after the Zion City revival, the Healing
revival appeared in the late 1940s and was broadcast on
television. William Branham, Oral Roberts, Jack Coe, A.
A. Allen, and other faith healers rose to stardom as televi-
sion broadcasted them as “mighty men of faith and
power.” Many powerful healings took place among them,
but most of them fell into moral error. The holiness em-
phasis of the Zion City days was no longer present.
Gordon Lindsay, who had been influenced by the minis-
try of John G. Lake, was the organizer of the healing
meetings; he also published the miracles in his magazine
called The Voice of Healing. In the late 1950s, William
Branham paid a visit to Sharon Bible College in North
Battleford, Canada. Branham’s word of knowledge gift
greatly moved the students to seek God in prayer and
fasting for the gift of prophecy. This became the Latter
Rain revival. This was an authentic prophetic movement;
the likes of which hadn’t been seen since the days of the
French prophets in the late 1600s. While the Irvingites of
the early 1800s were also into prophecy, they were just as
enthusiastic about the other spiritual gifts; and the Pente-
costals were more so into tongues; but the Latter Rain
revival emphasized the revival of the gift of prophecy.
In the early 1960s, the Charismatic movement

spread throughout the Episcopal, Roman Catholic, East-
ern Orthodox, mainline, Baptist, and other traditionally
non-Pentecostal denominations. It was a movement of
general openness to spiritual gifts, but was especially
marked by the gift of tongues like the Pentecostal move-
ment. If there was any primary leader of this movement,
then it was Dennis Bennett. He and his wife Rita pub-
lished a book on spiritual gifts called The Holy Spirit and
You (1971).
In the 1960s and 70s, America went through a dra-
matic cultural and spiritual transformation. Much of this
involved the hippie counterculture that emerged out of
San Francisco, California. The hippies were young stu-
dents or non-students that rose up to resist what they saw
as flaws in American society. They were anti-war, anti-
establishment, pro-environment, and all about living in
freedom from traditional social customs. They opposed
traditional ideas about the organized church and religion
in general. There was a mass interest in the supernatural,
and for most, that meant Eastern occultism and mysti-
cism.
This gave rise to the New Age movement which is
still very alive today. As the hippies turned to Transcen-
dental Meditation, Yoga, and Zen, they also turned to
Hindu gurus and Buddhist monks for guidance. This led
to pursuing psychic experiences and false spiritual gifts.
The church felt threatened by this, so it fought back with
countercult ministries like the Christian Research Insti-
tute headed by Walter Martin. In rare cases, Charismatic
ministries won over some New Age hippies through the

demonstration of the Spirit’s power.
The Jesus movement was an example of Christian
hippies that wanted to follow a Jesus that was divorced
from a hypocritical institutional church system which
they saw as evil. It was partially a Charismatic move-
ment, because it happened at the same time as the Char-
ismatic movement in the mainline churches. But the focus
of the Jesus movement was not spiritual gifts, but rather
simply living as a community, getting back to the words
of Christ, and preaching the Gospel. Ironically, the Jesus
movement produced an institutional church called Cal-
vary Chapel, headed by Chuck Smith.
In 1982, a Calvary Chapel pastor with a Quaker
background named John Wimber started another denomi-
nation called the Vineyard. This church split was over
Wimber’s emphasis on ministering in the miraculous
gifts. Lonnie Frisbee, a hippie evangelist from the early
days of the Jesus movement, had a gift of healing. Al-
though he lapsed into moral error on several occasions,
he accompanied Wimber on healing crusades and was
instrumental in establishing the Vineyard churches. The
emphasis of the Vineyard churches became divine heal-
ing, and using healing prayer as a means of evangelism—
what Wimber called “power evangelism.” Two signifi-
cant works that John Wimber wrote are Power Evangel-
ism (1986) and Power Healing (1987).
Also in the 1980s, a Charismatic church named
Kansas City Fellowship in Kansas City, Missouri started
to experience a prophetic movement. The pastor’s name
was Mike Bickle and there were a few men in his church
with the gift of prophecy. These men came to be called
the Kansas City prophets: Bob Jones, Paul Cain, John
Paul Jackson, James Goll, Larry Randolph, and others.
Eventually the church merged with the Vineyard denomi-
nation. Then Bob Jones and Paul Cain fell into moral er-
ror and were disciplined by John Wimber and Mike
Bickle. There were other mistakes taken in the misinter-
pretation of revelations that caused the church to fall into
disrepute with Evangelical and Charismatic churches.
Eventually John Wimber disbanded Kansas City Fellow-
ship from the Vineyard and returned back to healing min-
istry as an emphasis. Mike Bickle’s Growing in the Pro-
phetic (1996) charts his victories and mistakes in trying to
restore the prophetic ministry back to the modern church
setting. Since the prophetic movement in Kansas City oc-
curred in the 1980s, Mike Bickle’s ministry has come to
be known as the International House of Prayer; and he
advocates the practice of contemplative prayer.
Never in church history has there been such an ex-
plosion of Christian (and mostly Protestant) writers of
books about private revelations and spiritual experiences.
Michael Sullivant, James Goll, John Paul Jackson, and
Larry Randolph—from the original Kansas City prophets.
Stacey Campbell, Bobby Conner, Francis Frangipane,
Rick Joyner, and Steve Thompson—affiliated with the
Kansas City prophets. Bill Hamon, Leanne Payne, John
and Paula Sandford, and R. Loren Sandford—from a pro-
phetic stream that predated the Kansas City prophetic
movement. Doctors Jack Deere and Wayne Grudem—
two conservative Evangelical theologians in support of

the prophetic ministry. Dr. David Aune—Catholic theo-
logian of the gift of prophecy.
Benedict Groeschel—Charismatic Franciscan priest.
Graham Cooke from the UK and Kim Clement from
South Africa. Dr. Mark Virkler—Charismatic theologian
that teaches people all over the world how to hear God’s
voice. Kris Vallotton—who leads the oversight of the Be-
thel School of Supernatural Ministry in Redding, Califor-
nia. Patricia King—who has a TV program called Ex-
treme Prophetic. Steve Schultz—who has a website
called ElijahList.com which publishes prophetic revela-
tions every week from internationally recognized proph-
ets. Then there is everyone else: Chuck Pierce, Cindy Ja-
cobs, Gary Oates, Julia Loren, Ira Milligan, Jonathan
Welton, Paula Price, Eileen Fisher—and lots of others.
All of these modern day people have written at least one
book about the gift of prophecy or prophetic ministry.
In 1994, a minister named Randy Clark went to a
Rodney Howard-Browne revival meeting to receive an
impartation of the power of God—and he did! Soon after
this, Clark was invited by John Arnott to speak at his To-
ronto Airport Vineyard Church. While he was there, the
power of God flowed out of him so mightily that many
people were slain in the Spirit and began to experience
physical manifestations of the Holy Spirit—such as holy
laughter, rolling, and shaking. This came to be known as
the Toronto Blessing. Just like the case of Mike Bickle’s
prophetic church, the Vineyard also disbanded John Ar-
nott’s new manifestation church. The Vineyard focused
on healing, Kansas City Fellowship focused on prophecy,

and the Toronto Airport Vineyard Church focused on
physical manifestations of the Holy Spirit. Now Arnott’s
ministry is called Toronto Airport Christian Fellowship
(Catch The Fire Toronto)—and is the head church of
Catch The Fire Ministries. John Arnott’s The Father’s
Blessing (1995) is his theological defense of the physical
manifestations. Divine contemplation, or soaking prayer
as they prefer to call it, has been revived among Charis-
matics through the influence of this revivalist ministry.
In 1995, the Brownsville revival broke out in
Brownsville Assembly of God in Pensacola, Florida. This
was led by evangelist Steve Hill and continued until
around the year 2000. Steve Hill had received the anoint-
ing from Holy Trinity Church, Brompton, who in turn
had received it from the Toronto Airport Vineyard
Church. Thousands of people attended the meetings to be
touched by God’s supernatural presence and power. The
revival was marked by healings, deliverances, tears of
repentance, and physical manifestations like in Toronto.
Out of his experiences on the leadership team of the
Brownsville revival, Dr. Michael Brown’s From Holy
Laughter to Holy Fire (1996) argues in favor for physical
manifestations, holiness, and openness to revival phe-
nomena.
Also in 1995, Bill Johnson, then the pastor of an
Assemblies of God church in Weaverville, California
called Mountain Chapel, went to one of the Toronto
Blessing meetings. Nothing dramatic happened to him,
but he left with the impression that he needed to devote
his ministry to the cultivation of spiritual experiences like

he was seeing in Toronto. In 1996, Johnson was invited
to become the senior pastor of an Assemblies of God
church called Bethel Church in Redding, California. In
1998, Johnson started the Bethel School of Supernatural
Ministry where healing and prophecy are cultivated
among the youth and students of every age. In 2006, Be-
thel Church willingly broke off their affiliation with the
Assemblies of God because of conflicts of interest con-
cerning the Charismatic emphasis. Bill Johnson’s When
Heaven Invades Earth (2005) discusses his healing ex-
periences at his church and defends the need for healing
and prophetic ministry to be in the modern-day church.
Today, Bethel Church, Catch The Fire Toronto, and the
International House of Prayer Missions Base are the lead-
ing churches of what is now called the Neocharismatic
movement (the Third Wave of the Holy Spirit).
A last word should be said here about the itinerant
ministry of John Crowder and the New Mystics.
Crowder has a radical personality, a scholarly intellect,
and has written two books: Miracle Workers, Reformers,
and the New Mystics (2006) and The Ecstasy of Loving
God (2009). They are, like this book, modern-day works
of mystical theology from a Charismatic perspective.
Miracles have occurred in Crowder’s ministry, but he has
laid a stronger emphasis on the manifestation of spiritual
drunkenness more than anything else. He also teaches
that the doctrine of entire sanctification is the heart of all
Christian mystical teaching. Although he doesn’t readily
use the phrases “Christian perfection” or “entire sanctifi-
cation,” he essentially teaches what Charles Finney and

the Holiness movement taught about holiness: that it re-
moves the sinful nature from man. This contradicts sev-
eral passages of Scripture (Mark 7:21; Rom. 7; 1 Pet.
2:12). Crowder, like the Christian mystics that have pre-
ceded him in church history, loves God and sincerely
wants all that Jesus Christ has to offer in this life. But un-
fortunately, I feel that he like many other Christian mys-
tics, although led of the Spirit in many ways, is wrong in
this teaching of removing the sin nature. If we seek theo-
logical orthodoxy, I believe we need to base our beliefs
on the New Testament, personal experience, and Evan-
gelical and Charismatic theology.
50 of the Greatest Mystical Texts 267
CHAPTER 8
5O OF THE GREATEST MYSTICAL TEXTS
IN CHURCH HISTORY
1. 360 – St. Athanasius’ The Life of Antony

2. 395 – Anonymous’ The Lives of the Desert Fathers
3. 419 – The New Testament (fully compiled)
4. 429 – St. John Cassian’s The Conferences
5. 600 – St. John Climacus’ The Ladder of Divine Ascent
6. 1151 – Hildegard of Bingen’s Scivias
7. 1260 – Jacobus de Voragine’s The Golden Legend
8. 1338 – St. Gregory Palamas’ The Triads
9. 1370 – St. Catherine of Siena’s Dialogue
10. 1375 – Anonymous’ The Cloud of Unknowing
11. 1390 – Brother Ugolino’s The Little Flowers of St. Francis
12. 1393 – Julian of Norwich’s Revelations of Divine Love
13. 1418 – Thomas à Kempis’ The Imitation of Christ
14. 1548 – St. Ignatius of Loyola’s The Spiritual Exercises
15. 1577 – St. Teresa of Avila’s The Interior Castle
16. 1578 – St. John of the Cross’ The Ascent of Mount Carmel
17. 1657 – Augustine Baker’s Holy Wisdom
18. 1675 – Miguel de Molinos’ The Spiritual Guide
19. 1685 – Madame Guyon’s A Short and Easy Method of Prayer
20. 1694 – George Fox’s Journal
21. 1713 – John Lacy’s The General Delusion of Christians
22. 1714 – Francois Fénelon’s Spiritual Letters
23. 1754 – G. B. Scaramelli’s A Handbook of Mystical Theology
24. 1757 – Benedict XIV’s Heroic Virtue
25. 1882 – A. J. Gordon’s The Ministry of Healing
26. 1903 – Arthur Devine’s A Manual of Mystical Theology
27. 1909 – William Seymour’s The Azusa Street Papers
28. 1910 – Augustin Poulain’s The Graces of Interior Prayer
29. 1923 – Friedrich Von Hugel’s The Mystical Element of Religion
30. 1926 – Albert Farges’ Mystical Phenomena
31. 1928 – Donald Gee’s Concerning Spiritual Gifts

32. 1930 – Adolphe Tanquerey’s The Spiritual Life
33. 1934 – Harold Horton’s The Gifts of the Spirit
34. 1938 – Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange’s The Three Ages…
35. 1951 – John Arintero’s The Mystical Evolution
36. 1952 – Herbert Thurston’s Physical Phenomena…
37. 1953 – Joseph de Guibert’s The Theology of the Spiritual Life
38. 1968 – Howard Carter’s Spiritual Gifts and Their Operation
39. 1971 – Dennis and Rita Bennett’s The Holy Spirit and You
40. 1976 – Vladimir Lossky’s The Mystical Theology…
41. 1982 – Jordan Aumann’s Spiritual Theology
42. 1986 – John Wimber’s Power Evangelism
43. 1987 – John Wimber’s Power Healing
44. 1989 – Thomas Dubay’s Fire Within
45. 1993 – Herman Riffel’s Dream Interpretation
46. 1993 – Benedict Groeschel’s A Still, Small Voice
47. 1995 – John Arnott’s The Father’s Blessing
48. 1996 – Mike Bickle’s Growing in the Prophetic
49. 1996 – Jack Deere’s Surprised by the Voice of God
50. 2005 – Jim Goll’s The Seer
Question 1: In my opinion, which are the top five most

outstanding works of Catholic mystical theology?
Answer 1: G. B. Scaramelli’s A Handbook of Mystical

Theology (1754), Benedict XIV’s Heroic Virtue (1757),
Augustin Poulain’s The Graces of Interior Prayer (1910),
Albert Farges’ Mystical Phenomena Compared with
Their Human and Diabolical Counterfeits (1926), and
Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange’s The Three Ages of the In-
terior Life (1938).
50 of the Greatest Mystical Texts 269
Question 2: In my opinion, which are the top five most

outstanding Protestant works on the gift of prophecy?
Answer 2: John Lacy’s The General Delusion of Chris-

tians (1713), Donald Gee’s Concerning Spiritual Gifts
(1928), Harold Horton’s The Gifts of the Spirit (1934),
Mike Bickle’s Growing in the Prophetic (1996), and Jack
Deere’s Surprised by the Voice of God (1996).
CHAPTER 9
IS CONTEMPLATIVE PRAYER
A PAGAN PRACTICE?
Christian mysticism is not a popularly discussed topic,

because it deals with the mysteries of spiritual experi-
ence. But whenever it is discussed, you almost always
read or hear someone say something like, “You know, the
Christian mystics borrowed contemplative prayer from
the Neoplatonists.” When such a comment is made, it
carries an air of intelligence about it. Anyone who knows
what a Neoplatonist is must know what they are talking
about—so the thinking goes—because they were a 3rd
century pagan sect from the Greco-Roman world. How-
ever, usually all the person knows about Neoplatonism is
just that—they were a pagan group in the ancient world.
They also thrived at the same time as the early church
fathers, and not long before Christianity was approved of
by Constantine.
Neoplatonism:
A False Stigma Attributed to Christian Mystics
If an Evangelical Christian hears such a statement

made about contemplative prayer, they usually assume
that the statement is true, and that contemplative prayer is
only for pagans—and should not be practiced by Chris-
tians. It seems to justify all of the fears they had about it
in the first place: “I knew that was just Eastern medita-
tion turned Christian!” If the Christian mystics were so
deceived as to borrow contemplative prayer from a group
Is Contemplative Prayer a Pagan Practice? 271
of pagan Neoplatonists, then why should Christians fol-

low their example? My gosh! All of the Christian mystics
must have been deceived by the devil! (Of course—they
were Catholics!) Contemplation is of the devil! Why?
Because it’s a pagan practice that was borrowed from the
Neoplatonists! (So the thinking goes.) This circular rea-
soning becomes enough to keep such folks from pressing
into God through the practice of contemplation. They
look around at the New Agers and Eastern practices like
Transcendental Meditation, and think to themselves,
“Contemplative prayer looks very similar to that; I should
have known it was borrowed from a pagan group. Now at
least I have a name for it: Neoplatonism.” It keeps them
from experiencing the depths of Jesus Christ. And sadly,
it’s all based on faulty assumptions made by uninformed
scholars and semi-academics who have never really done
any in-depth research to investigate the claim of Christian
mystics borrowing from Neoplatonism.
The Influence of Neoplatonism

on Christianity Must Be Researched
To clarify this accusation made against contem-

plative prayer, we need to know what Neoplatonism
was, who its teachers were, what their teachings were,
and what texts they followed. Then we need to trace the
intellectual influence of their teachings—if they are found
at all—in the writings of the early church. Then we can
confirm how far—and not so far—the proposition goes
that “the Christian mystics borrowed contemplative
prayer from the Neoplatonists.” Is this a statement with-

out basis? Or is there any truth to it? Does it make any
sense that for 2,000 years of church history, Christian
mystics would uncritically engage in a “pagan” practice
of contemplative prayer? Let’s get to the bottom of this.
For if contemplative prayer truly is an exclusively pa-
gan practice, then Christians should have no business
contemplating Jesus at all. Only New Agers and occult-
ists should contemplate their false gods. But if it is not
true that the Christian mystics borrowed contemplative
prayer from Neoplatonism, then Christian contemplation
is justified—and it is wrong to say that the practice origi-
nated in Neoplatonism.
The Teachers and Teachings of Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism was a mystical, pagan, philosophical

sect that emerged out of Alexandria, Egypt in the 3rd cen-
tury A.D.—then one of the greatest educational centers of
the world. It should also be noted that in Alexandria and
the Roman world in general, there were several religious
groups that practiced their own form of contemplation—
the Jewish Therapeutae, Gnostics, witches, Manichaeans,
Christian Platonists, Neoplatonists, saintly orthodox bish-
ops, and the Desert Fathers. But the reason why we are
focusing on the Neoplatonists is because they had an im-
pact on some of the Christian mystical theologians. The
first Neoplatonic teacher was a man named Ammonius
Saccas. This man had Christian parents, but when he
learned about Greek philosophy, he became a pagan. His
paganism was syncretistic—very similar to the New Age

movement of today—and he was heavily influenced by
Hindu ideas. Exactly what this Ammonius believed was a
controversial issue in the early church. But that he had
New Age ideas was probably true, because this was said
by Porphyry, an ardent Neoplatonist teacher only two
times removed from Saccas. The reason why this was a
controversy is because there was another man named
Ammonius of Alexandria who was a Christian philoso-
pher—this man was probably confused with the Neopla-
tonic Ammonius by early Christian writers. But it should
also be noted that Porphyry was an intellectual opponent
of the early church fathers, such as Eusebius, and should
be remembered as a mark of the early disagreement be-
tween orthodox Christianity and Neoplatonism.
The primary teacher of Neoplatonism came to be
Plotinus, who sat under Saccas’ teaching, beginning
when he was 27 years of age in 232, and he learned phi-
losophy until 243. After he graduated from the academy
at Alexandria, he joined the Roman army as they
marched to Persia. The army suffered defeat, and since
Plotinus happened to be in the Far East, he became curi-
ous to hear from the Persian and Indian philosophers.
After satisfying his curiosity about Eastern mysticism, he
returned to Rome in A.D. 245 and gathered many disci-
ples around himself. This was the official beginning of
the Neoplatonic movement. Plotinus was not much of a
writer, but his teachings were later compiled by his disci-
ple Porphyry in The Enneads (270). In this book, Plot-
inus’ “systematic theology” of Neoplatonism was spelled
out; and it is a monistic, mystical interpretation of the

works of the philosopher Plato. He taught the monistic
Hindu view of God, which he called “the One.” The con-
cept that “all is divine”—the universe, man, animals,
plants, the Earth—all is one, all is god.
And because he was a contemplative of the Indian
sort, he believed that salvation is acquired through con-
templation—the exact same thing as in the New Age
movement. It’s not the breaking of God’s law that is sin
to Plotinus (for evil is just “imperfection”), but the fact
that people are so fragmented in their thoughts that they
are often unable to bring themselves into a one-pointed
focus on the One Source of All Life (Plotinus’ God-
Force, which he called the Monad). This is monism or
pantheism. In order to be “saved” from this fragmentary
and distracted existence, which is perpetuated by rein-
carnation—you must practice contemplation on the One.
The mystic prepares himself for this contemplative ex-
perience by practicing a virtuous, self-denying, ascetic
lifestyle. Through attaining ecstasy in the contempla-
tion of the One, the Neoplatonist believes that he has
merged with the Monad, and will not be reincarnated,
but that his soul will be annihilated and dispersed into
different parts of the universe (e.g., plants, animals,
grass, air, rocks, trees, stars, etc). This is the same teach-
ing of the Hindu gurus of the 1960s counterculture and
the New Age movement.
And like the Hindu gurus which profess a faith in
their “spirit guides” and the “universal energy”—their
god—the Neoplatonists also believed that the gods of
Greek mythology were real beings that functioned

under the authority of the One (like angels and de-
mons). In Christianity, angels and demons are spiritual
beings separately created by God. But Hindus and Neo-
platonists viewed their gods as extensions of the One—
they’re all the same Being, manifestations of the One.
Just like the Christians view the Trinity—one true God,
three persons. That is how the monistic Hindus and the
Neoplatonists viewed their gods.
But here is an enormous difference between early
orthodox Christianity and Neoplatonism. Jesus said, “I
am the Way and the Truth and the Life. No one comes to
the Father except through Me” (John 14:6). And to the
Samaritan woman, He said, “You Samaritans worship
what you do not know; we worship what we do know, for
salvation is from the Jews” (John 4:22). When God gave
the Ten Commandments to Moses, the first command-
ment was, “You shall have no other gods before Me”
(Exod. 20:3).
The Desert Fathers vs. The Neoplatonists, Etc.
The Desert Fathers of the third century were the

first completely documented Christian mystics, complete
with teachings and experiences about contemplative
prayer. Athanasius’ The Life of Antony (362) is the first
place to look into this. These were men (and women) who
fled into the North Egyptian deserts to live either as her-
mits or in monastic communities. Their ascetic lifestyles
were all about attaining to spiritual experiences of God
through contemplation; and to live undisturbed, undis-

tracted lives in which it would be easier to concentrate on
Jesus. Many of them, if not most of them, fled to the de-
serts to escape the persecution of Christians in society—
persecution that had long plagued Christians for refusing
to sacrifice to the Roman gods. (Gods that Neoplatonists
worshiped, by the way!) By seeing their fellow Christians
martyred and tortured to death, the Desert Fathers, not
willing to renounce Christ for pagan gods—and at the
same time, not quite ready to be martyrs, fled to the de-
serts to live mystical lives with Jesus, and to a limited
extent with each other. Another reason for the desert
movement was that once the emperor Constantine institu-
tionalized the Christian churches in A.D. 313, these
churches became political and worldly, and the desert
mystics were searching for a more spiritual approach to
Christian life.
Different Religious Ideas

of Contemplation in the Third Century
While it should be noted that the ideals of monasti-

cism and contemplation did not originate with the Desert
Fathers, the ideals did not necessarily originate with pa-
gans either. The Desert Fathers lived in a time and a
place where asceticism, mysticism, and contemplation
were practiced by several religions. This was not a new
thing. Although it is true that the Desert Fathers were
contemporaries of heretical mystic cults, such as the
Neoplatonists and Gnostics, it would be wrong to assume
that the Desert Fathers were themselves Neoplatonists or

Gnostics! All that these different groups of mystics
had in common was their practice of contemplation—
but what these groups did not have in common was
EVERYTHING ELSE, their gods, their theology,
their ethics, etc. The Desert Fathers believed salvation is
acquired through faith in Jesus, and holiness is developed
through contemplation. Unlike the Neoplatonists, who
believed that salvation is acquired through contemplation,
and is a means of breaking the cycle of reincarnation.
Both the Desert Fathers and the Neoplatonists practiced
contemplation, but they had completely different beliefs
about it. The Desert Fathers believed in one life, Heaven,
and Hell. The Neoplatonists believed in reincarnation and
pagan gods. Totally different.
The Desert Fathers vs. The “Christian” Neoplatonists
It would be the height of absurdity to say that the

Desert Fathers were “Christian” Neoplatonists, because
they believed Jesus was the only Way, Truth, and Life—
and they believed the Roman gods were demons. The De-
sert Fathers were orthodox Christian mystics. However,
there were also Christian Neoplatonists in those times,
such as Origen (who was a student of Ammonius Saccas)
and Clement of Alexandria—truly liberal, heretical,
“Christian mystics”—the Thomas Merton and Thomas
Keating of their day. The Desert Fathers were not at all
like those men. The Desert Fathers were Evangelical
mystics that clung only to Jesus, but the Christian Neo-
platonists were New Age Christians. These two mystical

streams have always existed throughout church history—
the one is orthodox, while the other borrows from Hindu
mysticism. There is no evidence that the Desert Fa-
thers borrowed their beliefs or practices from Hindu-
ism, Buddhism, Neoplatonism, or Gnosticism. On the
contrary, much of what they taught was countercultural
and resistant to the pagan religions of their day. That is
why they escaped into the deserts! Although their miracu-
lous gifts were often mistaken as sorcery by their con-
temporaries, they received their gifts from the Holy
Spirit, and from spending their lives in contemplation of
Jesus.
From Whom Did the Desert Fathers

Get Contemplative Prayer?
The question is: Where did the Desert Fathers get

their idea of fleeing to the desert to contemplate Jesus
in solitude? There must have been some historical exam-
ple that they looked back to. The historian Helen Waddell
believed that the Desert Fathers were influenced by the
examples of Moses, the Old Testament prophets, the
Essenes, John the Baptist in the desert, and Jesus in the
desert.1 There is nothing of Neoplatonism here whatso-
ever. When one reads the Bible, it appears that the Bibli-
cal prophets “prayed” in the desert wilderness. But still
1
Helen Waddell, The Desert Fathers (New York: Vintage Spiritual
Classics, 1998), pp. xxv-xxvi.
the question remains: Where does the Christian teach-

ing on contemplative prayer come from? Truth be told,
there is not very much evidence in the Bible for contem-
plative prayer. But I believe there is enough: “Be still,
and know that I am God” (Ps. 46:10)—the Old Testa-
ment prophets would have been acquainted with this
verse. The prophet Isaiah wrote, “Thou wilt keep him in
perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on Thee” (Isa. 26:3,
KJV). And David again, “For God alone my soul waits in
silence” (Ps. 62:1, RSV). All of these Scriptures would
have been known to the Old Testament prophets as well
as to the Essenes, John the Baptist, Jesus, the apostolic
fathers, and the Desert Fathers. I believe the writer of
Hebrews continues the contemplative tradition when he
says, “Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and per-
fecter of our faith” (Heb. 12:2).
We find traces of contemplative prayer in the Bible,
but no systematic teaching about it. Why is that? I don’t
know for sure, but my best guess is that the Bible was not
compiled for ascetics, mystics, and the spiritual elite. It
was compiled for “normal” people to be instructed in the
ways of God. Contemplation is a practice that most peo-
ple cannot, will not, and have no desire to aspire to. I
think that is reason enough why there is no entire book or
chapter in the Bible about contemplative prayer. The
Judeo-Christian religion has primarily been preoccupied
with faith in God and ethical obedience to His com-
mandments in the daily stuff of life. The Bible is not a
manual for mystics, but was partially written by some of
them—which is why we might find fleeting references to

contemplative prayer within its pages.
The Hindu Gurus:

Eastern Masters of Contemplation—Yet Pagans
It has always been a fact that India is a land of con-

templation. The whole Hindu belief system is based on
the idea that contemplation is the path of liberation from
reincarnation. While people from other religions have
always practiced contemplation in one way or another, it
is the Hindu ascetics that have always put the strongest
emphasis on the practice. This is because they think it is
how to be “saved.” For this reason, they have lengthy
writings and teachings about contemplation. For example,
in the famous Hindu scripture, The Bhagavad Gita (2nd
century B.C.), the entire Chapter 6 is devoted to “The
Yoga of Meditation.”
Also around the same time period, Patanjali’s Yoga
Sutras came out, which was an entire Hindu book about
practicing contemplation. With such a wealth of informa-
tion compiled into written form by the second century
B.C., we can know that the Hindu ascetics have always
mastered the ways of conquering the body and ascending
the heights of contemplation—through oral tradition, ex-
perience, and mentoring underneath Hindu gurus and
saints. But for orthodox Christians, these Hindu teach-
ings on contemplation and meditation should be unac-
ceptable because they are pagan. Yet as you can as-
sume, some people in church history—some semi-
orthodox and some heretical—have turned to the Hindus

for advice about contemplative practice because of the
apparent lack of contemplative literature in the church.
Namely, the Christian Neoplatonists, various Gnostic
heretics in church history, and the Centering Prayer
movement.
The Indirect Influence of Plotinus on Some Christians
As we have already seen, Plotinus was the Greco-

Roman mystic that borrowed from Hinduism. His teach-
ings on contemplation were compiled into his book The
Enneads (270) by Porphyry. This book was a “bestseller”
of religious literature in the third century—coincidentally,
not long after this book was completed, the Desert Fa-
thers movement began. While there is no direct literary
evidence that the Desert Fathers were influenced by The
Enneads, it is probable that they were at least influenced
by the “contemplative revival” that was spreading across
Alexandria and the Roman Empire. Just like the hippie
counterculture brought a revival of interest in meditation
to America—albeit pagan and from India—Charismatics
in the 1960s and 70s also started to rediscover Christian
contemplation. This is how it was with the Desert Fa-
thers. In the climate of Neoplatonism, the Desert Fathers
rediscovered Judeo-Christian contemplation.
Plotinus did not have a direct influence on the
Christian mystics, but we might say that he “influenced”
the Desert Fathers in the same way that Maharishi
Mahesh Yogi “influenced” the Charismatic movement. It
was an indirect influence. Both the third century and the

1960s saw spiritual movements towards mysticism and
meditation, both Christian and pagan. Christian mystics
have emerged out of both of these spiritual climates.
Whenever the topic of contemplation is brought to peo-
ple’s awareness on a mass scale, each religion will find
their own way to figure out how to practice it—and to
some, that means borrowing advice from other religions
like Hinduism.
Quoting From Pagan Philosophers:

An Early Church Controversy
There was division among the early church fathers

about whether or not it was appropriate to quote pagans
in Christian theology books and sermons. Theologians
like Tertullian protested, “What is there in common be-
tween Athens and Jerusalem!?”2 That is, what does
Greek philosophy have to contribute to our understanding
of the Bible—nothing! Tertullian went on to say that all
of the Gnostic heretics borrowed their teachings from the
Greek philosophers. On the contrary, theologians like
Augustine argued that God has given light to some of the
non-Christian philosophers, and so it is not always wrong
to quote from them in order to make a theological point.
Augustine said, “If those who are called philosophers,
particularly the Platonists, have said anything which is
2
Alister McGrath, ed. The Christian Theology Reader, 3rd ed. (Ox-
ford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), p. 6.
true and consistent with our faith, we must not reject it,
but claim it for our own use.”3 Augustine goes on to
quote Acts 7:22 for proof: “Moses was educated in all the
wisdom of the Egyptians.”
How the Bible is Filled with Quotes of Pagans
I think that Augustine’s position is more Biblical. It

is true that Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the
Egyptians before he became a Hebrew prophet. The an-
cient Greek historian Strabo goes so far to say that Moses
was actually a pagan priest in Egypt before he was called
to be God’s prophet: “An Egyptian priest named Moses,
who possessed a portion of the country called the Lower
Egypt, being dissatisfied with the established institutions
there, left it and came to Judaea with a large body of
people who worshipped the Divinity.”4 The whole Bible
is filled with quotations from non-Jewish and non-
Christian people; and this in no way defiles the Scripture.
For evidence of this in the Old Testament, see Ancient
Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (1969)
edited by J. B. Pritchard. For evidence of the pagans
quoted in the New Testament, see the Hellenistic
Commentary to the New Testament (1995) edited by M.
Eugene Boring, Klaus Berger, and Carsten Colpe.
3
Ibid., p. 8.
4
Strabo, The Geography of Strabo, 3 vols., trans. H. C. Hamilton and
W. Falconer (London: George Bell and Sons, 1906), p. 177; XVI:35.
There is more than enough evidence to prove that

both the Old and New Testament Scriptures are filled
with quotes from non-Jewish and non-Christian people
(that is, pagans). To provide a famous sampling of this,
Paul quoted the pagan Greek prophet Epimenides: “‘For
in Him we live and move and have our being.’ As some
of your own poets have said, ‘We are His offspring’”
(Acts 17:28). Might I also bring to our attention that A.
W. Tozer’s The Pursuit of God (1948) quotes Lao-tze one
time, who was a pagan. So, Augustine’s position is much
more in agreement with the prophets and the apostles of
the Bible when he says, “If those who are called philoso-
phers, particularly the Platonists, have said anything
which is true and consistent with our faith, we must not
reject it, but claim it for our own use.”
Turning to Pagans to Expound on Scriptural Topics:

A Controversial Practice
This approach to theology—that of borrowing from

pagan philosophers when necessary—is obviously a con-
troversial thing and a great stumbling-block to conserva-
tive Christians. But this approach isn’t any more “liberal”
than the writers of the Bible chose to be, for even the
apostle Paul quoted from the pagan Epimenides. But the
main point to make here is this: it is only lawful and
theologically orthodox to quote from pagan philoso-
phers so long as that quotation does not contradict the
Bible. Just as any responsible Christian should not un-
critically believe in a dream or a vision, but he tests it in
light of Scripture—so also should one test the words of

pagan philosophers in light of Scripture (Isa. 8:20). But
why turn to pagan philosophers at all? There are two rea-
sons why a Christian might want to do this: (1) To estab-
lish common ground with the pagans who you are trying
to evangelize. (2) To illuminate a topic that is found in
Scripture, but which is more thoroughly explained by a
pagan philosopher.
Why Plotinus’ Insights into Contemplation

Were Gleaned By Christians
This second reason is why some of the Christian

mystics have turned to Plotinus’ The Enneads for insight
into the practice of contemplation—namely St. Augustine
and Pseudo-Dionysius. It was not because they were in
some way syncretistic New Agers or Neoplatonists them-
selves, but because they saw in the teachings of Plotinus
things that were agreeable to Scripture and orthodox
Christianity. They didn’t think of themselves as “bor-
rowing” the practice of contemplative prayer from
Neoplatonism; rather, they only chose to glean some
advice about contemplation from Plotinus—without
any contradiction to the Bible. Besides, Christian con-
templation was being practiced long before they started
quoting from Plotinus. Because Scripture has but only
fleeting references to contemplation, and no in-depth
teaching, Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius thought of
themselves as merely looking to Plotinus as an illumi-
nated philosopher who could shine more light on the
topic. However, they did not believe in his teachings

about the One, reincarnation, and salvation through con-
templation. They remained orthodox in their beliefs. They
merely “ate the meat and spit out the bones.” They did
not consider themselves as borrowing from an exclu-
sively pagan practice, but as gleaning additional in-
sight into a practice that was already shared by both
Scriptural Christians and the pagan Neoplatonists.
Christian Mysticism is Not

a Christianized Form of Neoplatonism
Plotinus did not really influence Augustine, Pseudo-

Dionysius, and the history of Christian mysticism as
much as liberals have made him out to. I think that New
Agers like Evelyn Underhill, W. R. Inge, and other liberal
scholars of Christian mysticism have really blown the
whole “Neoplatonism” thing way out of proportion.
Without ever really demonstrating the “pagan teachings”
and so-called “religious borrowing” of the Christian mys-
tics from Plotinus—they just make uninformed and mis-
leading statements about Christian mysticism being a
Christianized form of Neoplatonism. That is simply not
true at all. However, it continues to be one of the most
popular assumptions made about Christian mysticism.
Sad too, because Christian mysticism holds the answers
to the meaning of life—through direct experience of God.
All people have to do is research the claim for them-
selves. But whenever the average Evangelical hears,
“You know, the Christian mystics borrowed contempla-
tive prayer from the Neoplatonists”—it appears that’s

good enough for him, and he replies, “Oh really? Yeah, it
figures.” And he never researches to see whether these
things are so; he just blindly accepts the statement. This
prevents him from practicing contemplative prayer, and
largely inhibits him from experiencing visions and voices
from God. How tragic!
Traces of Plotinus in Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius
Surprisingly, most of what Augustine and Pseudo-

Dionysius gleaned from Plotinus’ thought did not even
have to do with the practice of contemplation! Would you
believe that? The funny thing is, mostly they referred to
some of his insights on the human soul. They did not
heavily quote or refer to Plotinus! There are only seven
references made to him in Augustine’s enormous book
The City of God (426). Augustine was not heavily influ-
enced by Plotinus or Neoplatonism, but because Neopla-
tonism was a religious force to be reckoned with in his
day, and because Augustine was a prolific Christian
writer, it was natural for him to make some references to
their belief system.
Among some of the things Augustine agreed with
Plotinus about were: (1) God has blessed men with mortal
bodies so that they should not be forever confined to the
miseries of earthly life (Bk. 9, Ch. 10); (2) What Plotinus
and Porphyry thought purifying principles were intellect,
soul, and mind—we Christians consider the purifying
principles to be the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (Bk. 10,
Ch. 23); (3) The beauty of nature, flowers, and plants

proves that a Beautiful God is in control of all things (Bk.
10, Ch. 14); (4) The closer we are to God, the more like
God we become (Bk. 9, Ch. 17); he starts to get more
contemplative with: (5) Just as the moon is enlightened
by the sun, so also is man enlightened by God when he
contemplates Him (Bk. 10, Ch. 2); (6) He who has all
worldly goods, but no vision of God, is supremely miser-
able (Bk. 10, Ch. 16); and finally, Augustine renounces
the polytheism of Plotinus and his Neoplatonist friends:
(7) Plotinus was right on point when he spoke of arguing
for God’s existence by observing the natural world, but
he was wrong in that he believed in sacrificing to many
gods (Bk. 8, Ch. 12).
Augustine gets the most contemplative in his The
Magnitude of the Soul (388), in which he refers to Plot-
inus’ ideas for illumination. He charts out the seven
stages of spiritual growth in the contemplative life, which
Augustine referred to as the “ascent of the soul”: (1) The
soul contemplates the body to sustain it. (2) The soul en-
ables the body to sense physical things. (3) Contempla-
tion is aimed at through discursive meditation. (4) Con-
templation of moral virtues precedes divine contempla-
tion. (5) Contemplation of truth precedes divine contem-
plation. (6) Contemplation of God is one pure thought.
(7) To be lost in the contemplation of God, is the one
thought of all pure truth.
Scholars of Pseudo-Dionysius are quick to point out
how “obviously” his books are filled with Neoplatonic
concepts. Yet, the only time you will find the word “Plot-
inus” in the works of Pseudo-Dionysius is in the editorial

footnotes made by scholars and commentators. He never
even uses the name Plotinus in any of his works! There
are no quotations of any Neoplatonic writers in his works
that I know of. Even so, the closest that Pseudo-
Dionysius comes to borrowing a thought from Plotinus
seems to be in Chapter 13 of The Divine Names (500),
when he discusses the name of God as the One God—
being a perfect representation of unity in the Trinity. This
can easily be seen as a parallel in Plotinus, but even so,
there is no direct evidence in the book that Pseudo-
Dionysius was even thinking of Plotinus when he medi-
tated about this thought. Regardless, the thought was not
about contemplation, but about one of God’s names in
relation to His oneness. And even if it is a thought that
was influenced by Plotinus, it is completely harmless,
and in complete agreement with the Biblical teaching on
the Trinity.
The Desert Fathers and Neoplatonism:

The Final Word
I’ve made a lot of references to the Desert Fathers

in this chapter. The reason for this is because they were
the people that founded the Christian mystical tradition.
While it is true that Jesus, the apostles, and the apostolic
fathers probably practiced contemplation—it was the De-
sert Fathers in the third century that really left behind a
legacy of teaching and example on how to be a Christian
mystic. The whole life of Christian mysticism is founded
on the example of the Desert Fathers. Their reputation

must be upheld as noble and holy and orthodox—for if it
is not, then the whole foundation upon which Christian
mysticism stands would be destroyed. When people like
Evelyn Underhill and W. R. Inge make misleading claims
about Christian mysticism being founded on Neoplaton-
ism, it leads individuals to make one of two conclusions:
(1) Christian mysticism is pagan, but I will still practice it
because I’m a New Ager. (2) Christian mysticism is pa-
gan, so I will resist it because I’m an Evangelical.
But, as my research demonstrates, I hope that you
would reach the third and true conclusion: (3) Christian
mysticism is not pagan, but is the purest and noblest
form of orthodox Christianity, and it would do my
soul well to contemplate Jesus on a regular basis—for
if I do, I may attain the vision of God! Finally, let me
end this by noting that St. Antony, the “father” of the De-
sert Fathers, once got into an argument with some Neo-
platonists. They mocked him for believing that God be-
came a human in the form of Jesus. St. Antony responded
by saying that nothing is impossible for God, but that it is
rather absurd to believe in reincarnation like they did
(Athanasius, The Life of Antony (362), Ch. 74). The De-
sert Fathers were orthodox Christian mystics in every
sense of the word. They did not fall into the New Age
errors of Plotinus, Origen, Clement of Alexandria, and
the Gnostics. And even though Augustine borrowed from
Plotinus’ thought, he was careful to only refer to things
agreeable with Scripture. These Christian mystics were
not New Agers, but believed in fixing their eyes on Jesus,

the author and perfecter of their faith (Heb. 12:2).
A FINAL WORD
Now that we have come nearly to the end of the book, I

want to recap on some of the things I have been talking
about. No matter how far we plunge into the secrets of
the kingdom of God, the history and practice of Christian
mysticism, and the enjoyment of spiritual experiences—
we must always bear in mind that Jesus is the only Way,
Truth, and Life, and that no one comes to the Father
but by Him (John 14:6). This is the Evangelical convic-
tion that we must adhere to as Christian mystics in the
last days. There are many so-called “Christian mystics”
out there today that are really New Agers and believe that
all religions lead to God. They practice things like Tran-
scendental Meditation, Yoga, and Zen, but the Bible calls
these “detestable practices” (Deut. 18:9-13).
As Evangelical mystics, we will follow the lead of
the Desert Fathers, the Catholic saints (that did not adore
Mary), St. Teresa of Avila, Madame Guyon, and other
Christian mystics in church history that have taught on
contemplative prayer or soaking prayer. We need not be
seduced by New Age practices in order to try to experi-
ence God. Let us also not fall into the same error that
many of the Catholic mystics did when they visualized
Mary in their meditations. Let us visualize and experience
God alone: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We will re-
sist the notion of contacting New Age “spirit guides,” and
be content with contacting God alone and to feel after His
presence.
A Final Word 293
Jesus referred to the one true Guide, the Holy

Spirit: “When He, the Spirit of Truth, comes, He will
guide you into all truth. He will not speak on His own;
He will speak only what He hears, and He will tell you
what is yet to come” (John 16:13). The purpose of this
relationship with the Holy Spirit through worship, medi-
tation, and contemplation is to deepen our love and fear
of the Lord. Come to the quiet, to the stillness, to the
place of solitude where God’s Spirit is waiting for you to
listen to His voice. Close your eyes. Concentrate on God
for a while. Visualize Jesus. Hebrews 12:2 says, “Let us
fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our
faith.” There are glorious spiritual experiences that are
lying just ahead of you. But let us always remember to
exalt Biblical revelation over our own private rhemas, to
test all things with spiritual discernment (1 Thess. 5:21),
and to distinguish divine experiences from their demonic
counterfeits.
FURTHER READING
After having read this guide book on how to experience
God and discern the spiritual counterfeits, you may be
hungry to learn more about things that I have only
touched on. The following is a list of books on topics for
further research into contemplation, spiritual experiences,
miracles, supernatural church history, and spiritual dis-
cernment.
Worship
Basden, Paul, ed. Exploring the Worship Spectrum.
Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2004. This compares
Charismatic worship with other kinds of worship.
Sorge, Bob. Exploring Worship. Lee’s Summit, MO: Oa-

sis House, 1987. Provides a thorough discussion of
Charismatic worship.
Meditation
Foster, Richard. Celebration of Discipline. New York:
HarperCollins, 1978. Chapter 2. This has had a
widespread influence on Evangelical and Charis-
matic Christians. It shows the Biblical and historical
basis for meditation, contemplation, and spiritual
experiences. However, it contains quotes from New
Age Christians.
Further Reading 295
————. Prayer. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

Chapter 13. A more thorough look at discursive
meditation than in Celebration of Discipline. How-
ever, it contains quotes from New Age Christians.
St. Ignatius of Loyola. The Spiritual Exercises of Saint

Ignatius. Translated by George Ganss. St. Louis,
MO: The Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1992. Con-
tains Biblical visualizations of the life of Christ
as well as other imaginary meditations intended
to bring the meditator into the infused contem-
plation of God. However, it also contains visuali-
zations of the Virgin Mary.
Contemplation
In my opinion, these are “the cream of the crop”; for a list
of more contemplative books, see the Introduction.
Anonymous. The Cloud of Unknowing. Translated by

Bernard Bangley. Brewster, MA: Paraclete
Press, 2006. An easy-to-read modern English
translation.
Baker, Augustine. Holy Wisdom; or Directions for the

Prayer of Contemplation. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger
Publishing, 2004. A very comprehensive Catholic
work on the art of contemplation that has stood the
test of time.
Foster, Richard. Celebration of Discipline. New York:

HarperCollins, 1978. Chapter 2. This has had a
widespread influence on Evangelical and Charis-
matic Christians. It shows the Biblical and historical
basis for meditation, contemplation, and spiritual
experiences. However, it contains quotes from New
Age Christians.
————. Prayer. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

Chapter 14. A more thorough look at contemplation
than in Celebration of Discipline. However, it con-
tains quotes from New Age Christians.
Guyon, Madame Jeanne. Experiencing the Depths of

Jesus Christ. Translated by Gene Edwards. Sar-
gent, GA: SeedSowers, 1975. Although written
by the so-called “apostle of the Quietists,” the
book still advocates active concentration on God.
Still at other times it seems to encourage extreme
mental passivity. Read with sensitivity about
these things. Although condemned by the Catho-
lic Church, the book was endorsed by the early
Quakers, John Wesley, Jessie Penn-Lewis, Hud-
son Taylor, and Watchman Nee.
Hilton, Walter. The Scale of Perfection. Translated by

John Clark and Rosemary Dorward. Mahwah, NJ:
Paulist Press, 1991.
Further Reading 297
Molinos, (Michael) Miguel de. The Spiritual Guide. Sar-

gent, GA: Christian Books, 1982. A Quietist book
on meditation and contemplation in modern Eng-
lish.
————. Miguel de Molinos: The Spiritual Guide. Ed-

ited and Translated by Robert Baird. Mahwah, NJ:
Paulist Press, 2010. An academic translation com-
plete with scholarly commentary.
Payne, Leanne. Listening Prayer: Learning to Hear

God’s Voice and Keep a Prayer Journal. Grand
Rapids, MI: Hamewith Books, 1994. A seasoned
prophetess teaches on hearing God’s voice dur-
ing contemplation.
St. Teresa of Avila. The Way of Perfection. Translated

by Henry Carrigan. Brewster, MA: Paraclete
Press, 2009. One of St. Teresa’s most practical,
easy-to-understand works. It is a manual for ho-
liness, meditation, and contemplation. This is a
modern easy-to-read English version. Arguably
the best book on Christian meditation and con-
templation ever written in the history of the
Church.
Virkler, Mark and Patti. How to Hear God’s Voice.

Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2005. Previ-
ously titled Communion with God, this book has
had a profound influence on many Charismatic
Christians since it was first published. It is thor-

ough, practical, and spiritual. It is a practical
manual of contemplation that opens up the hu-
man spirit to receive supernatural communica-
tions from God. It has had a strong influence on
James Goll, the prolific writer of the modern
prophetic movement.
Spiritual Experiences
Arintero, John. The Mystical Evolution in the Develop-
ment and Vitality of the Church. Translated by Jor-
dan Aumann. Rockford, IL: TAN Books, 1979. A
comprehensive work of Catholic mystical theology
that directly followed Garrigou-Lagrange’s The
Three Ages of the Interior Life. Do not be misled by
the title of the book; it is has nothing whatsoever to
do with the New Age teaching of “spiritual evolu-
tion.” It is simply about spiritual growth.
Aumann, Jordan. Christian Spirituality in the Catholic

Tradition. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 1985.
The history of Roman Catholic mysticism.
————. Spiritual Theology. London: Continuum,

2006. A modern work of Catholic mystical theol-
ogy, considered by some to be the best since Vati-
can II.
Further Reading 299
Aune, David E. Prophecy in Early Christianity. Grand

Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1983. A scholarly book that
takes an in-depth look at prophets and prophetic ex-
perience in the early centuries of church history.
Basham, Don. A Handbook on Tongues, Interpretation,

and Prophecy. Springdale, PA: Whitaker Books,
1971.
————. Spiritual Power. New Kensington, PA:

Whitaker House, 1985. Explains the purpose of the
baptism in the Holy Spirit, and how to receive it
with speaking in tongues.
Benedict XIV, Pope. Heroic Virtue: A Portion of the

Treatise of Benedict XIV on the Beatification and
Canonization of the Servants of God. Charleston,
SC: BiblioBazaar, 2009. This is a time-tested clas-
sic of mystical theology in the Catholic Church
written in 1757. It deals with the high standards of
Christian perfection and miraculous phenomena that
are needed to accompany the lives of those indi-
viduals in church history who are considered
“saints” in the Catholic Church. As an Evangelical
Christian, I cannot agree with the “sainting” of
Christians, because I believe all of us are saints. But
this is still a helpful guidebook for understanding
the marks of a true prophet, minus some of the
Catholic theological distinctives.
Bennett, Dennis and Rita. The Holy Spirit and You.

Alachua, FL: Bridge-Logos, 1994. An authoritative
work on the gifts of the Spirit by some of the pri-
mary leaders of the Charismatic movement.
Bickle, Mike. Growing in the Prophetic. Lake Mary,

FL: Charisma House, 2008. The magnum opus
on the prophetic ministry by the pastor of the In-
ternational House of Prayer, former pastor of
the Kansas City prophets, and leader of the pro-
phetic movement.
Bouyer, Louis, Francois Vandenbroucke, and Jean Le-

clercq. A History of Christian Spirituality. 3 vols.
New York: Seabury, 1982.
Burgess, Stanley. The Holy Spirit. 3 vols. Peabody, MA:

Hendrickson Publishers, 1984-1997. The history of
pneumatology or the doctrine of the Holy Spirit.
———— and Eduard van der Maas. The New Interna-

tional Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic
Movements. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002.
Campbell, Stacey. Ecstatic Prophecy. Grand Rapids,

MI: Chosen Books, 2008. Explains the history,
nature, and personal development of ecstatic
prophecy.
Further Reading 301
Carter, Howard. Spiritual Gifts and Their Operation.

Springfield, MO: Gospel Publishing House, 1968.
A classical Pentecostal work on the gifts of the
Spirit.
————. Questions & Answers on Spiritual Gifts.

Tulsa, OK: Harrison House, 1991.
Clement, Kim. Call Me Crazy, But I’m Hearing God: Se-

crets to Hearing the Voice of God. Shippensburg,
PA: Destiny Image, 2007. An internationally recog-
nized prophet shares his insights into hearing God’s
voice.
————. Secrets of the Prophetic. Shippensburg, PA:

Destiny Image, 2005. How to hear God’s voice with
clarity and assurance.
Conner, Bobby. God’s Supernatural Power. Shippens-

burg, PA: Destiny Image, 2007. A book on in-
creasing the prophetic and healing anointings in
your life, and informing us on the authority of
the believer.
Cooke, Graham. Developing Your Prophetic Gifting.

Grand Rapids, MI: Chosen Books, 2003. Deals with
discernment, character formation, and how to apply
the prophetic ministry in a church setting.
Cramer, Dennis. You Can All Prophesy. Cedar Rapids,

IA: Arrow Publications, 2003. Written by a highly
gifted and experienced prophet. This book is a
manual on receiving and delivering revelations in
the appropriate way.
Crowder, John. Miracle Workers, Reformers, and the

New Mystics. Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image,
2006. Readings on various mystics and miracle
workers—kind of like a modern-day Golden Leg-
end.
————. The Ecstasy of Loving God: Trances, Rap-

tures, and the Supernatural Pleasures of Jesus
Christ. Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2009.
The first work from the prophetic movement that
borrows from Augustin Poulain, Herbert Thurston,
and other Catholic mystical theologians.
Cruz, Joan Carroll. Mysteries, Marvels, Miracles: In

the Lives of the Saints. Rockford, IL: TAN
Books, 1997. An awesome catalog of supernatu-
ral phenomena among the mystical saints of
church history.
Deere, Jack. The Beginner’s Guide to the Gift of Proph-

ecy. Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 2008. Written by a
scholarly Evangelical theologian and supporter of
the prophetic movement. Deals with spiritual ex-
Further Reading 303
periences, rules for discernment, and applying the

prophetic gift to ministry in the local church.
————. Surprised by the Voice of God. Grand Rapids,

MI: Zondervan, 1996. A groundbreaking theologi-
cal treatise on the varieties of divine revelation.
Heavily Bible-based and church history-based.
Devine, Arthur. A Manual of Mystical Theology. London:

R. & T. Washbourne, 1903. One of the great sys-
tematic works of Catholic mystical theology. Has
very much to say about meditation, contemplation,
and spiritual experiences.
De Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend. 2 vols.

Translated by William Ryan. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1993. A collection of
supernatural biographies of certain Christian
mystics and saints. An important source for the
history of the prophetic and miracles. Was heav-
ily criticized by church historians as fraudulent,
because several of the stories are very bizarre.
Was popular in the Middle Ages until the Protes-
tant Reformation. Read with caution; some sto-
ries worship Mary and the saints.
Doles, Jeff. Miracles & Manifestations of the Holy

Spirit in the History of the Church. Seffner, FL:
Walking Barefoot Ministries, 2008. Very com-
prehensive documentation of miracles from the

lives of the saints throughout church history.
Dubay, Thomas. Fire Within. San Francisco, CA: Igna-

tius Press, 1989. A modern work of mystical theol-
ogy based solely on the works of Saints Teresa of
Avila and John of the Cross.
Farges, Albert. Mystical Phenomena Compared with

Their Human and Diabolical Counterfeits. Trans-
lated by S. P. Jacques. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger
Publishing, 2003. Contains an impressive catalog
of spiritual experiences and distinguishes the di-
vine from the demonic and soulish; has a section
on discerning hallucinations.
Garrigou-Lagrange, Reginald. The Three Ages of the

Interior Life. 2 vols. Rockford, IL: TAN Books,
2009. An extremely comprehensive systematic
modern work of Catholic mystical theology.
Highly recommended!
Gee, Donald. Concerning Spiritual Gifts. Springfield,

MO: Gospel Publishing House, 1972. One of the
classical Pentecostal works on the gifts of the Spirit.
Ghezzi, Bert. Mystics & Miracles. Chicago, IL: Loyola

Press, 2002. Outstanding supernatural stories about
the saints of church history.
Further Reading 305
Goll, James (Jim) and Michal Ann Goll. Dream Lan-

guage: The Prophetic Power of Dreams. Shippens-
burg, PA: Destiny Image, 2006. Examines the reve-
latory potential of dreams. Deals with discernment
and dream interpretation.
————. Encounters with a Supernatural God. Ship-

pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 1998. Personal testi-
monies of dreams and visions of God and His an-
gels.
————. God Encounters. Shippensburg, PA: Des-

tiny Image, 2005. A “prophetic primer” of sorts.
A to-the-point manual on how to experience
God, a catalog of spiritual experiences, and rules
to judge them by.
————. The Beginner’s Guide to Hearing God. Ven-

tura, CA: Regal Books, 2008. Contains rules for the
discernment of spirits, a catalog of spiritual experi-
ences, and a call to prayer.
————. The Beginner’s Guide to Signs, Wonders, and

the Supernatural Life. Ventura, CA: Regal Books,
2010. Discusses faith, personal holiness, dreams,
voices, and divine healing.
————. The Seer: The Prophetic Power of Visions,

Dreams, and Open Heavens. Shippensburg, PA:
Destiny Image, 2004. Discusses dreams, visions,

and cultivating the gifts of spiritual vision.
Goll, James (Jim) and Julia Loren. Shifting Shadows of

Supernatural Experiences. Shippensburg, PA: Des-
tiny Image, 2007. Discusses dreams, visions, out-of-
body experiences, psychic counterfeits, and the
need to discern.
Graybeal, Lynda, and Julia Roller. Connecting with God.

New York: HarperCollins, 2006. Discusses dreams,
visions, and contemplation in church history. Writ-
ten by members of Richard Foster’s Renovaré team.
Groeschel, Benedict. A Still, Small Voice: A Practical

Guide on Reported Revelations. San Francisco, CA:
Ignatius Press, 1993. A great modern Catholic work
on spiritual experiences and discernment rules.
Grudem, Wayne. The Gift of Prophecy in the New Testa-

ment and Today. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books,
2000. Like Jack Deere, Grudem is an able theolo-
gian and avid supporter of the modern day exercise
of the gift of prophecy.
————. Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Zon-

dervan, 1994. Contains sections on prophecy and
spiritual gifts.
Further Reading 307
Guibert, Joseph de. The Theology of the Spiritual Life.

Lanham, MD: Sheed and Ward, 1953. A Catholic
mystical theology that discusses holiness, spiritual
gifts, discernment of spirits, meditation, levels of
spiritual growth, and infused contemplation.
Guyon, Madame Jeanne. The Unabridged Collected

Works of Jeanne Guyon. Translated and Edited by
Glenn James Kahley. Kahley House Publishing,
2006.
Hamon, Bill. Prophets and Personal Prophecy. Ship-

pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 1987. A classical
Pentecostal manual on the prophetic ministry.
The first in a three part series.
————. Prophets and the Prophetic Movement.

Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 1990. Looks
at Charismatic movements and the nature of the
prophetic ministry. The second in a three part
series.
————. Prophets, Pitfalls and Principals. Shippens-

burg, PA: Destiny Image, 1991. How to discern
prophecy from false prophecy and avoid com-
mon prophetic mistakes. The third in a three
part series.
Hamon, Jane. Dreams and Visions: Understanding Your

Dreams and How God Can Use Them to Speak to
You Today. Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 2000. Dis-

cusses prophetic symbolism, dream interpretation,
and spiritual discernment.
Harrell, Jr., David Edwin. All Things Are Possible: The

Healing and Charismatic Revivals in Modern Amer-
ica. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press,
1979.
Heidler, Robert. Experiencing the Spirit. Ventura, CA:

Renew Books, 1998. An excellent manual on how
to experience the fruit and gifts of the Holy Spirit.
Written by an Evangelical theologian/Charismatic
minister.
Herzog, David. Mysteries of the Glory Unveiled.

Hagerstown, MD: McDougal Publishing, 2000. A
manual on miracle working by a powerful mira-
cle worker! Discusses modern miracles such as
instant weight loss, gold fillings, gold dust, su-
pernatural money, supernatural rain, angelic
visitations, teleportation, and other unusual phe-
nomena. Chapter 3 on “Creative Miracles” is an
excellent discussion on the “how-to” side of
working miracles in response to prophetic
words. Highly recommended!
Holt, Bradley. Thirsty for God: A Brief History of Chris-

tian Spirituality. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg For-
Further Reading 309
tress, 2005. The history of Christian mysticism,

spirituality, and modern Evangelical spiritualities.
Horton, Harold. The Gifts of the Spirit. Springfield, MO:

Gospel Publishing House, 1975. The classical Pen-
tecostal work on the gifts of the Spirit that seems to
have stood the test of time more than any other
book on the topic.
Howard-Browne, Rodney. Flowing in the Holy Spirit: A

Practical Handbook on the Gifts of the Spirit. Ship-
pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2000. A great work
on the gifts of the Spirit by the leading revivalist of
holy laughter.
Hyatt, Eddie. 2000 Years of Charismatic Christianity.

Lake Mary, FL: Charisma House, 2002. A brief his-
tory of Charismatic movements throughout church
history, however unfavorable towards Christian
mysticism.
Jackson, Bill. The Quest for the Radical Middle: A His-

tory of the Vineyard. Cape Town, South Africa:
Vineyard International Publishing, 1999. Contains a
history of the Vineyard movement and the prophetic
movement that branched off of it.
Jackson, John Paul. Basics of Dreams, Visions, and

Strange Events. 2 CD Set. Colleyville, TX:
Streams Ministries International, 2004. Along
with Herman Riffel, Ira Milligan, and James

Goll—John Paul Jackson has shown himself to
be one of the most seasoned, insightful, and ex-
perienced Christian dream interpreters.
————. Developing Your Prophetic Gift. 4 CD Set.

Colleyville, TX: Streams Ministries Interna-
tional, 2003.
————. The Biblical Model of Dream Interpretation:

Avoiding the Pitfalls of Soulish Methodology. 3
CD Set. Colleyville, TX: Streams Ministries In-
ternational, 2006.
————. Understanding Dreams & Visions. 6 CD Set.

Colleyville, TX: Streams Ministries Interna-
tional, 2003.
Jacobs, Cindy. The Voice of God: How God Speaks Per-

sonally and Corporately to His People Today. Ven-
tura, CA: Regal Books, 2004. Discusses the pro-
phetic ministry in the church setting, prophetic ex-
periences, spiritual discernment through God’s
presence, and holy prophetic character.
Joyner, Rick. The Prophetic Ministry. Fort Mill, SC:

MorningStar Publications, 2006. Discusses
dreams, visions, dream interpretation, and pro-
phetic ministry in a church setting.
Further Reading 311
King, Patricia. Spiritual Revolution: Experience the Su-

pernatural in Your Life. Shippensburg, PA: Destiny
Image, 2006. Discusses spiritual experiences and
visualization.
Lacy, John. The General Delusion of Christians,

Touching the Ways of God’s Revealing Himself to
and by the Prophets. London: R. B. Seeley and
W. Burnside, 1832. Written by the leader of the
17th century French prophets. Discusses dreams,
visions, voices, impressions, and signs; charts the
history of the gift of prophecy from the early
church until the 4th century; defends Montanism
as an orthodox prophetic movement.
Lawson, James Gilchrist. Deeper Experiences of Famous

Christians. Anderson, IN: Warner Press, 1911.
Chronicles stories of people experiencing the gift of
divine love and the progressive holiness of the
heart.
Loren, Julia, Bill Johnson, and Mahesh Chavda. Shifting

Shadows of Supernatural Power. Shippensburg,
PA: Destiny Image, 2006. The history of the mod-
ern prophetic movement. Discusses psychic coun-
terfeits.
Lossky, Vladimir. The Mystical Theology of the East-

ern Church. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s
Seminary Press, 1976. A great modern work of

Eastern Orthodox mystical theology.
Louismet, Savinien. The Mystical Knowledge of God: An

Essay in the Art of Knowing and Loving the Divine
Majesty. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing,
1997. In this Catholic mystical book, Louismet dis-
cusses the nature of private revelation, contempla-
tion, and mystical meditation on the Lord’s Prayer.
McGinn, Bernard. The Presence of God: A History of

Western Christian Mysticism. 4 vols. New York:
Crossroad, 1991-2005. The definitive history of
Christian mysticism. Very scholarly and academic.
————, John Meyendorff, Jean Leclercq, Jill Raitt,

Louis Dupré, and Don Saliers, eds. Christian Spiri-
tuality. 3 vols. New York: Crossroad, 1987-1989.
The history and principles of Christian mysticism
and other Christian spiritualities. Very scholarly.
Milligan, Ira. Understanding the Dreams You Dream.

Shippensburg, PA: Treasure House, 1997. A practi-
cal Bible-based handbook for interpreting dream
symbols.
Molinos, Michael, and Francois Fenelon. The Un-

abridged Collected Works of Michael Molinos and
Francois Fenelon. Translated and Edited by Glenn
James Kahley. Kahley House Publishing, 2006.
Further Reading 313
Novakshonoff, Varlaam. God’s Fools: The Lives of the

Holy “Fools for Christ.” Dewdney, Canada: Sy-
naxis Press, 1997. A short history of the prophetic
from the lives of the saints. An Eastern Orthodox
writer.
Oates, Gary. Open My Eyes, Lord: A Practical Guide to

Angelic Visitations and Heavenly Experiences. Dal-
las, GA: Open Heaven Publications, 2004. Testi-
mony of entering into the realm of open visions and
apparitions of angels.
Pierce, Chuck, and Rebecca Sytsema. When God

Speaks. Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 2005. A cata-
log of spiritual experiences with rules for the dis-
cernment of spirits.
Poulain, Augustin. The Graces of Interior Prayer.

Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 1996. The
most famous and authoritative work of Catholic
mystical theology. Very systematic and compre-
hensive. Spiritual experiences and discernment
rules are thoroughly discussed. Very highly rec-
ommended!
Price, Paula. The Prophet’s Dictionary: The Ultimate

Guide to Supernatural Wisdom. New Kensington,
PA: Whitaker House, 2006. For so long the New
Agers and occultists have had their occult dictionar-
ies. Finally, Christian prophets have accessible in

this volume a prophetic dictionary! Terms and arti-
cles on supernatural topics from Alpha to Omega!
————. The Prophet’s Handbook: A Guide to Proph-

ecy and Its Operation. New Kensington, PA:
Whitaker House, 2008. Discusses the history of the
prophetic and guidelines for the prophetic ministry
in a church setting.
Prince, Derek. The Gifts of the Spirit. New Kensington,

PA: Whitaker House, 2007. A good work on the
gifts of the Spirit by a leading teacher from the
Charismatic movement.
Pytches, David. Spiritual Gifts in the Local Church: How

to Integrate Them into the Ministry of the People of
God. Grand Rapids, MI: Bethany House, 1987.
————. Some Said It Thundered: A Personal Encoun-

ter with the Kansas City Prophets. Nashville, TN:
Thomas Nelson, 1991.
Rahner, Karl. Visions and Prophecies. London: Burns &

Oates, 1965. While trying to discern almost to the
point of skepticism, this is nevertheless valuable for
its historical information on major visions in church
history. This, of course, means that there are both
visions of Jesus and the Virgin Mary included.
Further Reading 315
Randolph, Larry. User Friendly Prophecy. Shippens-

burg, PA: Destiny Image, 1998. A thorough pro-
phetic ministry manual written with sensitivity
to the fruit of the Spirit. Highly recommended.
————. Spirit Talk: Hearing the Voice of God. Fort

Mill, SC: MorningStar Publications, 2005. A
very thorough catalog of spiritual experiences.
Highly recommended.
Riffel, Herman. Dream Interpretation: A Biblical Un-

derstanding. Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image,
1993. One of the best Christian books on dream
interpretation ever written.
Ryle, James. Hippo in the Garden: A Non Religious Ap-

proach to Having a Conversation with God. Lake
Mary, FL: Charisma House, 1993. Discusses hear-
ing from God through dreams and visions.
————. A Dream Come True: A Biblical Look at How

God Speaks Through Dreams and Visions. Lake
Mary, FL: Charisma House, 1995.
Sandford, John and Paula. The Elijah Task: A Call to

Today’s Prophets and Intercessors. Lake Mary,
FL: Charisma House, 2006. Discusses the calling
and training of prophets, dreams and visions,
and the prophetic ministry.
Sandford, R. Loren. Understanding Prophetic People:

Blessings and Problems with the Prophetic Gift.
Grand Rapids, MI: Chosen Books, 2007. Discusses
the character of a prophet, prophetic ministry in the
church, meditation, prophetic experiences, and the
dark night of the soul.
————. Purifying the Prophetic: Breaking Free From

the Spirit of Self-Fulfillment. Grand Rapids, MI:
Chosen Books, 2005. A rare book that challenges
the Third Wave prophetic movement to abandon the
prosperity gospel. Discusses that it is needful for
prophets to also have personal holiness.
Saudreau, Auguste. The Degrees of the Spiritual Life.

Translated by Dom Bede Camm. Charleston, SC:
BiblioBazaar, 2009. A famous Catholic mystical
theology from the early 20th century that covers the
progress of holiness, methods of meditation, con-
templation, spiritual experiences, and rules for the
discernment of spirits.
Scaramelli, G. B. A Handbook of Mystical Theology.

Translated by D. H. S. Nicholson. Berwick, ME:
Ibis Press, 2005. Chapters 3 and 4; Before Pou-
lain, there was Scaramelli. Deals with medita-
tion, contemplation, spiritual experiences, visions
and voices, purification, and discernment.
Further Reading 317
Sheldrake, Philip. A Brief History of Spirituality. Malden,

MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. A brief history of
Christian mysticism and Evangelical spiritualities.
Shultz, Steve. Can’t You Talk Louder, God?: Secrets to

Hearing the Voice of God. Shippensburg, PA: Des-
tiny Image, 2007. A manual for prophetic experi-
ences by the founder of ElijahList.com, the popular
prophetic newsletter.
Spidlik, Tomas. The Spirituality of the Christian East. 2

vols. Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications,
1986, 2005. A scholarly work on Eastern Orthodox
mysticism.
St. John of the Cross. Ascent of Mount Carmel. Trans-

lated by Henry Carrigan. Brewster, MA: Para-
clete Press, 2002. Fountainhead # 1 from which
springs all Catholic mystical theology. A modern
English translation. Deals with spiritual experi-
ences and discernment.
————. The Collected Works of St. John of the Cross.

Translated by Kieran Kavanaugh and Otilio Rodri-
guez. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications, 1991.
The most scholarly collection of the works of St.
John of the Cross.
St. Nikodimos of the Holy Mountain and St. Makarios of

Corinth. The Philokalia. 4 vols. Translated and ed-
ited by G. E. H. Palmer, Philip Sherrard, and Kallis-

tos Ware. London: Faber and Faber, 1995. An 18th
century collection of Eastern Orthodox hesychastic
writings.
Storms, Sam. The Beginner’s Guide to Spiritual Gifts.

Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 2002. A good work on
the gifts of the Spirit by a Third Wave theologian.
St. Teresa of Avila. Interior Castle. Alachua, FL:

Bridge-Logos, 2008. Fountainhead # 2 from
which springs all Catholic mystical theology. A
modern English translation. Deals with spiritual
experiences and discernment.
————. The Collected Works of St. Teresa of Avila. 3

vols. Translated by Kieran Kavanaugh and Otilio
Rodriguez. Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications,
1976-1985. The most scholarly collection of the
works of St. Teresa of Avila.
Sullivant, Michael. Prophetic Etiquette: Your Complete

Handbook on Giving and Receiving Prophecy. Lake
Mary, FL: Creation House, 2000. Discusses revela-
tory experiences, discernment, and prophetic minis-
try in a church setting.
Summers, Montague. Physical Phenomena of Mysticism.

Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2003. Cata-
Further Reading 319
logs miracles and supernatural phenomena—both

Christian and occultic.
Synan, Vinson. The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition.

Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997. The definitive
history of the Holiness, Pentecostal, and Charis-
matic movements.
————, ed. Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 Years of

Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal, 1901-2001.
Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2001.
Tanquerey, Adolphe. The Spiritual Life. Translated by

Herman Branderis. Rockford, IL: TAN Books,
2000. First there was Scaramelli, then there was
Poulain, and then there was Tanquerey.
Thompson, Steve. You May All Prophesy. Fort Mill, SC:

MorningStar Publications, 2007. A short to-the-
point work on the prophetic ministry. Deals with
spiritual experiences and how to use them for the
local church.
Thurston, Herbert. The Physical Phenomena of Mysti-

cism. Edited by J. H. Crehan. London: Burns
and Oates, 1952. A catalog of physical super-
natural experiences, such as supernatural smells,
levitation, healing miracles, etc. A Catholic au-
thor.
Vallotton, Kris. Basic Training for the Prophetic Minis-

try. Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2007. A
thorough manual for the prophetic ministry. Deals
with spiritual experiences and prophetic evangel-
ism.
————. Developing a Supernatural Lifestyle. Ship-

pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2007.
Welton, Jonathan. The School of the Seers: A Practical

Guide on How to See in the Unseen Realm. Ship-
pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2009. A manual that
focuses on “prophetic activation” and cultivating vi-
sionary revelation.
Wigglesworth, Smith. Smith Wigglesworth on Spiritual

Gifts. New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 1998.
A good collection of Wigglesworth’s teaching on
the gifts of the Spirit.
Wyatt, Ryan. School of the Supernatural: Becoming a

Habitation of God. 9 CD Set. Knoxville, TN:
Abiding Glory Ministries, 2009. Over 15 hours of
in-depth teaching on prophetic development!
Discusses spiritual experiences, contemplation
(soaking), prophetic exercises, and spiritual war-
fare. A study manual is also available.
Further Reading 321
The Psychology of Spiritual Experiences

The following books are predominantly from a secular
New Age perspective, but are helpful because they scien-
tifically examine spiritual experiences in light of brain
activity. This can be helpful to study with regards to “fine
tuning” our contemplative disciplines.
Beauregard, Mario, and Denyse O’Leary. The Spiritual

Brain: A Neuroscientist’s Case for the Existence of
the Soul. New York: HarperOne, 2007. A pro-
supernatural study of the contemplative brain states
of Carmelite nuns.
D’Aquili, Eugene, and Andrew Newberg. The Mystical

Mind: Probing the Biology of Religious Experi-
ence. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1999. Al-
though written from a New Age perspective, it is
very thorough in its analysis of what goes on in
the brain during spiritual experiences.
James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience.

New York: Mentor Books, 1958. The pioneering
work of the psychology of religion, this proto-
New Age book is still valuable today for under-
standing the groundwork of what it means to be
a “mystic,” whether Christian or pagan. Can be
helpful for discerning the counterfeit.
Newberg, Andrew, and Mark Waldman. How God

Changes Your Brain: Breakthrough Findings from
a Leading Neuroscientist. New York: Ballantine
Books, 2009. A thorough and updated work on the
physiology of spiritual experiences.
Tart, Charles. Altered States of Consciousness: A Book of

Readings. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969.
Although a New Age book, it takes a scientific look
at the brain states of mystics in ecstasies. This can
help the reader understand the important connection
between mental relaxation and spiritual revelation.
Healing Prayer
Healing prayer is directed towards physical sicknesses
brought about by natural causes. It can come in several
forms, but usually involves the laying on of hands, and a
“word of command” for the sickness to leave in Jesus’
Name.
Ahn, Che. How to Pray for Healing. Ventura, CA: Regal

Books, 2004. Teaching on healing prayer by one of
today’s most recognized apostolic leaders.
Bosworth, F. F. Christ the Healer. Grand Rapids, MI:

Chosen Books, 2008. A classic Pentecostal work on
divine healing. Written by one of the influential fig-
ures of the Zion City healing revival.
Further Reading 323
Chavda, Mahesh. The Hidden Power of Healing

Prayer. Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2005.
Written by a renowned modern day prophet,
healer, and miracle worker.
Clark, Randy. Words of Knowledge. Mechanicsburg,

PA: Global Awakening, 2001. In contrast with
healing prayer, a superior method of healing is
what I call “prophetic healing,” which is based
on receiving and giving words of knowledge
about healing. This book is all about prophetic
healing or “word of knowledge healing.” Dis-
cusses seven ways to receive words of knowledge
about healing: sympathetic pains, open visions,
mental images, mental voices, accidentally pray-
ing or saying a word of knowledge, dreams, and
bizarre events. Clark admits that 95% of the
healing words he receives are through sympa-
thetic pains in his body.
Dedmon, Kevin. The Ultimate Treasure Hunt. Ship-

pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2007. A one of a
kind handbook for how to receive words of
knowledge before going out into street evangel-
ism, finding individuals geographically through
prophetic revelation, praying for their sick-
nesses, and preaching the Gospel to them once
they are found!
Gordon, A. J. The Ministry of Healing: Miracles of Cure

in All Ages. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing,
2007. Charts the history of the gift of healing from
the early church until the 19th century; occult heal-
ing counterfeits opposed; Cessationism opposed;
various topics touched on; excellent source. Written
by a leader of the Faith Cure movement.
Healing Rooms Ministries. How to Minister to Specific

Diseases. Spokane, WA: Healing Rooms Ministries,
2005. Dealing with the spiritual root causes of
physical sicknesses, this is one of the most popular
publications of the International Association of
Healing Rooms.
Hunter, Charles and Frances. How to Heal the Sick.

New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 2000. A
practical how-to manual on the various methods
of healing the sick—from the laying on of hands,
listening to God’s voice, and declaring in faith
that which God says by revelation; various other
methods are explained concisely. I highly rec-
ommend this one!
————. Handbook for Healing. New Kensington,

PA: Whitaker House, 2001. A companion volume
for How to Heal the Sick.
Hunter, Joan. Healing the Whole Man Handbook. New

Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 2006. A compre-
Further Reading 325
hensive handbook on divine healing by the daughter

of Charles and Frances Hunter, powerful healing
evangelists! Joan Hunter is also a powerful healer in
her own right!
Kuhlman, Kathryn. A Glimpse Into Glory. Gainesville,

FL: Bridge-Logos Publishers, 1983. This powerful
healing evangelist’s teachings on divine healing are
included, as well as other teachings.
Lake, John G. John G. Lake on Healing. Compiled by

Roberts Liardon. New Kensington, PA:
Whitaker House, 2009. Contains selections on
healing from the complete collection; for those
who want to cut right to the chase about what
Lake taught about divine healing! Very good and
practical.
MacNutt, Francis. Healing. Notre Dame, IN: Ave Maria

Press, 1974. A scholarly work of healing theology
written by one of the most influential healing minis-
ters of the Catholic Charismatic renewal.
————. The Power to Heal. Notre Dame, IN: Ave

Maria Press, 1977. The second work on divine heal-
ing by this leader of the Catholic Charismatic re-
newal.
————. The Prayer That Heals. Notre Dame, IN: Ave

Maria Press, 1981. His third, most mature work on
divine healing—very practical.
Murray, Andrew. Divine Healing. New Kensington, PA:

Whitaker House, 1982. Written by a prolific Evan-
gelical mystic in the 19th century. The book was en-
dorsed by John G. Lake.
————. Healing Secrets. New Kensington, PA:

Whitaker House, 1982.
Osborn, T. L. Healing the Sick. Tulsa, OK: Harrison

House, 1992. A thorough work on divine healing by
one of the most powerful healers of the healing re-
vival of the 1940s and 50s.
————. One Hundred Divine Healing Facts. Tulsa,

OK: Harrison House, 1983.
Pierce, Cal. Healing in the Kingdom: How the Power of

God and Your Faith Can Heal the Sick. Ventura,
CA: Regal Books, 2008. Written by the new foun-
der of the International Association of Healing
Rooms.
Simpson, A. B. The Gospel of Healing. Camp Hill, PA:

WingSpread Publishers, 2008. Written by the foun-
der of the Christian & Missionary Alliance, this was
one of the 19th century works on divine healing,
Further Reading 327
along with A. J. Gordon’s The Ministry of Healing

and Andrew Murray’s Divine Healing.
Wigglesworth, Smith. Smith Wigglesworth on Healing.

New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 1999. Valu-
able insights on healing from one of the most pow-
erful Pentecostal healers. However, I don’t agree
with his harsh methods of laying on of hands.
Wimber, John, and Kevin Springer. Power Evangel-

ism. Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 1986. One of the
most influential Third Wave books on using di-
vine healing as a means of evangelism.
————. Power Healing. New York: HarperCollins,

1987. A great work on healing theology. A mod-
ern Third Wave look at the operation of healing
in relation to prayer, deliverance, and prophetic
gifts.
Wright, Henry. A More Excellent Way: Spiritual Roots of

Disease, Pathways to Wholeness. New Kensington,
PA: Whitaker House, 2009. In this unique book,
largely based on private revelations, Wright reveals
the spiritual roots of basically every kind of dis-
ease—physical sicknesses caused by disobedience
to God, fear of man, self-hatred, and more.
Woodworth-Etter, Maria. Maria Woodworth-Etter: The

Complete Collection of Her Life Teachings. Com-
piled by Roberts Liardon. Tulsa, OK: Albury Pub-

lishing, 2000. The healing ministry of this woman
impacted John G. Lake and F. F. Bosworth!
Deliverance Ministry
Deliverance ministry is different than healing prayer in
that it is not always about praying, but is still in the con-
text of deliverance prayer (exorcism). A lot of the time,
counseling is involved. Deliverance is about helping
those oppressed by demons, using spiritual experiences to
discover demonic entry points into people’s bodies, cast-
ing the demons out of people by telling them to leave in
Jesus’ Name, and refilling the person with the fruit of the
Holy Spirit. People who suffer from demons of fear,
worry, and extreme cases like schizophrenia need to go
through a long ongoing “deliverance process.”
This can last for months or even a year. A group of
deliverance ministers, and one leader, will pray and coun-
sel the oppressed with regular “deliverance sessions”
every week. Over a long, drawn out process, the person
usually experiences a progressive deliverance from their
mental or physical illness as demons are exposed and cast
out one by one. Although there are different models for
deliverance prayer, a good deliverance ministry requires
much gentleness, love, and persevering prayer for the op-
pressed.
The following is a collection of manuals and books
about demons and deliverance (exorcism). They are writ-
ten either by experienced deliverance ministers or by
Further Reading 329
people that have testified to experiencing full deliverance.

These deliverances have been from extreme sicknesses
like demonic possession and schizophrenia to milder
forms of demonic oppression.
Banks, Bill and Sue. Breaking Unhealthy Soul Ties. Kirk-

wood, MO: Impact Christian Books, 2000. Deals
with the art of breaking soul ties or ending relation-
ships with controlling people in your life that can
cause demonic oppression.
Burton, Mitsi. Power to Tread: Deliverance and Exor-

cism Guidelines for Christians. Kirkwood, MO:
Impact Christian Books, 2005.
Dickerman, Don. When Pigs Move In. Lake Mary, FL:

Charisma House, 2009. Based on the experiences of
a deliverance minister.
Eckhardt, John. Deliverance Thesaurus: Demon Hit List.

New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 1995. Ex-
cellent handbook that lists the names of demons and
their functions. A good reference for the sake of
confirming the names of demons as they are re-
vealed through deliverance prayer, divine revela-
tions (dreams, visions, and voices), and demonic
manifestations.
————. Prayers That Rout Demons. Lake Mary, FL:

Charisma House, 2008. A prayer book of deliver-
ance prayers (exorcisms).
Garrison, Mary. How to Conduct Spiritual Warfare: As I

See It! Chelsea, AL: Christ Camp Ministries, 1989.
Hammond, Frank and Ida Mae. Pigs in the Parlor: A

Practical Guide to Deliverance. Kirkwood, MO:
Impact Christian Books, 1973. The number one
classic manual on deliverance ministry. Chapter
21 is about deliverance from schizophrenia.
Based on experience.
Hammond, Frank. Demons and Deliverance. Kirkwood,

MO: Impact Christian Books, 1991. Discusses more
issues about the theology of demons and deliver-
ance. The sequel to Pigs in the Parlor.
————. Overcoming Rejection. Kirkwood, MO: Im-

pact Christian Books, 1987.
Hinkle, Mary-Etta. Out of the Valley of Darkness. Kirk-

wood, MO: Impact Christian Books, 1992. The en-
couraging and faith increasing testimony of a
woman permanently delivered from schizophrenia
through deliverance ministry with the Hammonds.
Based on experience.
Further Reading 331
Hobson, Peter. Christian Deliverance. 4 vols. Kirkwood,

MO: Impact Christian Books, 1991-2003. A wealth
of information based on experience. Includes
“Make Yourselves Ready” (Vol. 1), “Engaging the
Enemy” (Vol. 2), “Walking in Victory” (Vol. 3),
and “We All Have Our Demons” (Vol. 4).
Holliday, Pat. Deliverance Manual. 3 vols. Jacksonville,

FL: Pat Holliday, n.d.
————. Deliverance/Schizophrenia/MPD. Jackson-

ville, FL: Pat Holliday, n.d.
Horrobin, Peter. Healing Through Deliverance. Grand

Rapids, MI: Chosen Books, 2008.
Ing, Richard. Spiritual Warfare. New Kensington, PA:

Whitaker House, 1996. A comprehensive, general
theology of demons and deliverance.
Lozano, Neal. Unbound: A Practical Guide to Deliver-

ance. Grand Rapids, MI: Chosen Books, 2003.
MacNutt, Francis. Deliverance from Evil Spirits: A Prac-

tical Manual. Grand Rapids, MI: Chosen Books,
1995. A good Catholic theology of demons and ex-
orcism.
Marzullo, Frank, and Tom Snyder. A Manual for the De-

liverance Worker. Deland, FL: F. Marzullo and T.
Snyder, 1990. Based on experience.
Moody, Gene. Deliverance Manual. Baton Rouge, LA:

Deliverance Ministries, 2000. Has material on
schizophrenia; and is largely based on experi-
ence.
Prince, Derek. They Shall Expel Demons. Grand Rapids,

MI: Chosen Books, 1998. Based on the experiences
of a renowned teacher of the Charismatic and De-
liverance movements.
Scanlan, Michael. Deliverance from Evil Spirits: A

Weapon for Spiritual Warfare. Ann Arbor, MI: Ser-
vant Publications, 1980. A Catholic theology of de-
liverance ministry.
Stacey, James. Schizophrenia Defeated. Bromsgrove,

UK: Crossbridge Books, 2004. The testimony of a
man who was delivered after suffering from schizo-
phrenia for 26 years.
Weller, Phillip, ed. Roman Ritual: Christian Burial, Ex-

orcisms, Reserved Blessings, Etc., Vol. 2. Boonville,
NY: Preserving Christian Publications, 2007. For
centuries, the deliverance prayers (exorcisms) were
used in standard Catholic exorcism, long before the
Further Reading 333
Deliverance movement of the 1970s in Charismatic

Christianity.
Worley, Win. Battling the Hosts of Hell: Diary of an

Exorcist. Highland, IN: Hegewisch Baptist
Church, 1980. Many of the experiences of a re-
nowned deliverance minister.
Discerning and Rejecting the Occult

While we should not seek to know about the occult to
glorify satan (Rev. 2:24), we should understand that
modern day Evangelical mystics are up against a whole
culture infused with false teachings about spirituality.
Today, New Age spirituality is the most influential kind
of spirituality that is believed and practiced. Therefore, as
Evangelical mystics who follow Jesus as the only Way,
Truth, and Life (John 14:6), we need to keep sharp about
the history, teachings, and practices of New Age spiritu-
ality, and learn to resist it and keep our distance from it.
Also, learning about other forms of occultism that un-
knowingly creep into Christian practice is helpful for
studying to sharpen our spiritual discernment.
It all comes down to this: the occult relies on free
will and demon power to accomplish its supernatural
ends, while Evangelical mysticism relies on free will and
the power of God. We must know this difference, but it is
often very subtle. I caution that some of the writers of
these books are so committed to strict Evangelicalism,
that they are anti-mystical altogether. Some are even
against true Christian mysticism—and are in favor of

Biblical revelation only (sola Scriptura). Therefore, “Eat
the meat and spit out the bones.”
Brown, Rebecca. He Came to Set the Captives Free. New

Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 1992. A true
story of a girl’s deliverance from devil worship.
————. Prepare for War. New Kensington, PA:

Whitaker House, 1992. An anti-occult treatise writ-
ten by one experienced in this area.
————. Becoming a Vessel of Honor. New Kensing-

ton, PA: Whitaker House, 1993. Distinguishes be-
tween prophets and psychics, between Spirit-filled
Christianity and the New Age, and exposes occultic
practices to safeguard ourselves from.
Godwin, Rick. Exposing Witchcraft in the Church. Lake

Mary, FL: Creation House, 1997. An Evangelical
work on the demonic spirit of control or manipula-
tion (witchcraft), which can operate through both
true and false Christians, even when no occultism is
involved.
Groothuis, Douglas. Unmasking the New Age. Down-

ers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1986. An au-
thoritative, Evangelical, overarching look at New
Age spirituality and its impact on Western cul-
ture.
Further Reading 335
————. The New Age Movement. Downers Grove,

IL: InterVarsity Press, 1986. A short booklet on
the history of this movement.
————. Confronting the New Age. Downers Grove,

IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988. A practical how-to
manual on how to discern and resist New Age in-
fluences all around us in the Western world.
Gruss, Edmond. Cults and the Occult. Phillipsburg, NJ: P

& R Publishing, 2002. A thorough Evangelical
work on the occult.
Guazzo, Francesco Maria. Compendium Maleficarum.

Translated by E. A. Ashwin. Mineola, NY: Dover
Publications, 1988. A great 17th century Catholic
work on the occult.
Hunt, Dave, and T. A. McMahon. The Seduction of

Christianity: Spiritual Discernment in the Last
Days. Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1985. This
book is helpful, because it reveals how subtle oc-
cult teachings like New Age spirituality, human
divinity, high self-esteem, and psychotherapy
have infected the church—both liberal and
Evangelical. But I don’t agree with Hunt’s insis-
tence that faith commands are presumptuous at-
tempts at controlling God, or that Christians
shouldn’t try to work miracles at will, or that
miraculous visualization of Christ for inner and

outer healing is occultic simply because the Bible
is supposedly silent about it.
Joyner, Rick. Overcoming Evil in the Last Days. Ship-

pensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2003. Written by a
respected prophetic leader, Part 2 of this three part
work contains a discussion on the various kinds of
witchcraft, including its occultic manifestations.
Koch, Kurt. Occult ABC. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Pub-

lications, 1986. A thorough Evangelical work on
occultic practices. However, I strongly disagree
with Koch’s denunciation of Kathryn Kuhlman as
an occultist—on the contrary, she was a Baptist
Charismatic.
Kramer, Heinrich, and James Sprenger. The Malleus

Maleficarum. Translated by Montague Summers.
Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1971. Al-
though misused by the institutional church to
torture and kill witches in the Middle Ages, it is
nevertheless the definitive Catholic theological
work on the topic of the occult.
Larson, Bob. Larson’s Book of Spiritual Warfare.

Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1999. A very
comprehensive guide about occult groups and
occult practices—written from a Charismatic
perspective.
Further Reading 337
————. Larson’s Book of World Religions and Alter-

native Spirituality. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House,
2004. An thorough extension to the previous work.
Lindsay, Hal, and C. C. Carlson. Satan Is Alive and Well

on Planet Earth. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan,
1972. An Evangelical work on the occult by a
leader of the Jesus movement of the 1960s and 70s.
Lochhaas, Philip. The New Age Movement. St. Louis,

MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1995. An Evan-
gelical work on the history of the New Age move-
ment.
Loren, Julia, Bill Johnson, and Mahesh Chavda. Shifting

Shadows of Supernatural Power. Shippensburg,
PA: Destiny Image, 2006. The history of the pro-
phetic movement in light of the New Age move-
ment. Distinguishes between psychics and prophets.
Mangalwadi, Vishal. The World of Gurus. Mumbai, In-

dia: GLS Publishing, 2007. This is an excellent
overview of modern Hindu ideas that have influ-
enced the New Age movement through gurus such
as those associated with Hare Krishna, Transcen-
dental Meditation, Rajneesh, and many others.
Martin, Walter. The New Age Cult. Bloomington, MN:

Bethany House, 1989. Aside from the works of
Groothuis and Hunt, this is probably the most

authoritative Evangelical treatise written against
New Age spirituality.
————. The Kingdom of the Cults. Bloomington, MN:

Bethany House, 2003. The most authoritative Evan-
gelical work on cults and false religions. Touches
on the New Age movement and occultism.
————, Jill and Martin Rische, and Kurt Van Gordon.

The Kingdom of the Occult. Nashville, TN: Thomas
Nelson, 2008. An updated compilation of Walter
Martin’s essays on specific occult groups. A thor-
ough and in-depth look at the beliefs and practices
of satanism, Wicca, New Age, etc.
McDowell, Josh, and Don Stewart. Handbook of Today’s

Religions. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1993. A
thorough Evangelical work on occultic practices,
occult groups, and false religions.
Michaelson, Johanna. The Beautiful Side of Evil. Eugene,

OR: Harvest House, 1982. An insider’s view of oc-
cultism from a former psychic surgeon turned
Evangelical Christian.
Pacwa, Mitchell. Catholics and the New Age. Ann Arbor,

MI: Servant Publications, 1992. Written by an or-
thodox Jesuit priest, this book shows how New Age
Further Reading 339
occultism has infiltrated the Roman Catholic

Church.
Rhodes, Ron. New Age Movement. Grand Rapids, MI:

Zondervan, 1995. A history of the New Age move-
ment.
Ridenour, Fritz. So What’s the Difference? Ventura,

CA: Regal Books, 2001. An easy-to-read Evan-
gelical work on every world religion and phi-
losophy. It is short and to-the-point at showing
the differences of beliefs between Evangelical
Christianity and various world religions. And, of
special importance to our anti-occult study, it
has chapters that deal with the New Age and
Wicca.
Tyler, Ronald. The Spiritual Discernment Guide. Enum-

claw, WA: Pleasant Word, 2004. While extreme in
its denunciations of Richard Foster, this is a thor-
ough Evangelical work on occultic practices.
Unger, Merrill. Biblical Demonology. Grand Rapids, MI:

Kregel Publications, 1994. A classic Evangelical
work on demons and the occult.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
John Boruff has a B.A. in Philosophy and Religion from

UNC Pembroke. In college he became interested in mys-
tical theology and contemplation as he sought God’s face
for a direct encounter with Him. He has a passion to see
true holiness, spiritual experiences, divine contemplation,
prophetic ministry, healing ministry, deliverance minis-
try, and relational house churches restored to modern
Christian life. John is happily married to his wife Re-
bekah; and they have a daughter named Mary Elizabeth.
They can be contacted at john-rebekah@hotmail.com.
LifeTree Publishing

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How to Experience God

A Handbook for Evangelical Mystics

Verses marked NKJV are taken from The Holy Bible,

Verses marked RSV are taken from the Revised Standard

John Boruff’s E-Mail: john-rebekah@hotmail.com

HOW TO EXPERIENCE GOD:

Copyright © 2009 by John Boruff

Foreword by Mark Virkler 5

9. Is Contemplative Prayer a Pagan Practice? 270

FOREWORD BY MARK VIRKLER

How to Experience God is a much needed book. It is a

was not really open to heart responses at all. At one point

results in your life. And if you already live in ongoing

God. I believe that there is one God, in Three Persons:

Jesus Christ. I believe in the Deity of our Lord Jesus

Scripture. I believe the Bible to be the inspired, perfectly

tions about topics that the Bible is silent about—provided

Man. I believe that mankind is naturally sinful, because

Salvation. I believe that for the salvation of lost and sin-

There is salvation in no one else; for there is no other

Heaven and Hell. I believe that Heaven, or the upper

The Indwelling of the Holy Spirit. I believe that the

The Baptism in the Holy Spirit. I believe that the Holy

The Resurrection of the Dead. I believe in the resurrec-

The Church. I believe in the spiritual unity of believers

How to Open Up to God

How can I begin to explain what this book is about? I

I had first done extensive bibliographical research into

New Age Spirituality vs. Evangelical Mysticism

Before this teaching can begin, there is something

hide behind the latter title. However, an Evangelical is a

schools, and business seminars. Basically it comes down

New Agers Evangelical

Power The Indwelling The Indwelling

On the surface, an Evangelical mystic and a New

tual ecstasies or “altered states of consciousness.” On the

John 14:6 vs. Religious Syncretism

Things get really tricky when New Agers don’t

tians” around today; very many in fact. Basically, they

of the many helpful “spirit guides” from the world of “as-

false. Jesus Christ is the only way to God the Father!

The Centering Prayer Movement

During the 1970s, a “New Age Christian” contem-

ing the silent worship session my wife mentally asked,

I want to caution readers against William James’

Hindu spiritual experiences of the so-called Higher Self.

books to counterfeit spiritual experiences. The first book,

book The Healing Light (1947), influenced John and

of New Agers and pagans (e.g., reincarnation, self-

had a widespread influence on Evangelicalism and Char-

1. The Desert Fathers (late 300s) by Benedicta Ward

11. The Philokalia (1782) by Ss. Nicodemus and Makarios of Corinth

Catholic Mystics and Marianism

The first 12 books were written either by Catholic

demonic experience led him to make several conclusions

monks. See James France, Medieval Images of Saint Bernard of Clair-

less. This opened them up to tremendous deceptions and

thing methodical in this line.”4 This changed with Pente-

New Age Publishers of Catholic Mystics