Class 5
Class 5
Class 5
FOR NEPAL
Class 5
SANGEETA PANCHAL
ALKA SABHARWAL
1
3
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Worksheets
7
Abacus
The abacus (Fig. 1.1) was probably the first
calculating device. It has a wooden frame with
beads sliding on wires.
Napier’s Bones
In 1616, Sir John Napier made a calculating
device and called it Napier’s bones (Fig. 1.2). The
device was called Napier’s bones because it had
numbers carved on bones or on strips of wood.
8
Difference Engine
In the nineteenth century, Charles Babbage invented a machine called the difference
engine (Fig. 1.4) to prepare mathematical tables.
Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage also invented the first general-purpose computer known as the
analytical engine (Fig. 1.5), which had the same basic elements as the modern
computer—input, output, and memory devices.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
Computers are classified into different generations based on the technology used.
9
Some examples of first-generation computers are as follows:
Mark I
Mark I was designed by Howard H. Aiken in
the year 1944. It was about 15 metres long
and the wires connecting the various parts of
the machine were about 800 kilometres long
(Fig. 1.7)! The machine was slow and took 3 to
5 seconds per calculation but it was the first
Fig. 1.7 Mark I
fully automatic calculator.
10
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
The EDVAC was proposed by John P. Eckert and John
W. Mauchly in 1944 even as the ENIAC was being Did You Know?
developed. John von Neumann, who also gave the Although the EDVAC was
concept of stored programs, joined them later to help in designed earlier than the
designing the EDVAC. It was completed in 1948. EDSAC, its development
got delayed. This made
The EDVAC weighed approximately 8000 kilograms EDSAC the first computer
and covered an area of 45.5 square metres. It had the that used the concept of
capacity to hold stored programs as well as data. stored programs.
Till the fourth-generation computers, the major focus was and has been on reducing
size and improving efficiency. This resulted in smaller, yet faster computers. However,
the only drawback of these computers is the lack of ability to think, which one is
attempting to achieve in the so-called fifth-generation computers.
12
Fifth-Generation Computers (1989–future) Did You Know?
The fifth-generation computers are referred to as
The first supercomputer
supercomputers. Supercomputers have very high built by India was PARAM
storage capacities, high speeds, and the ability to carry 8000 completed and
out highly sophisticated operations. installed in 1991.
Table 1.1 summarizes the important characteristics of all the five generations of
computers.
Table 1.1 The five generations of computers
Gener- Period Main Characteristics Examples
ation component
First 1940-58 Vacuum • Large size, comparatively small storage, EDSAC
tubes slow speed EDVAC
• High power consumption
• Large installation area
• Difficult to program
Second 1959-64 Transistors • Smaller, faster, and cheaper IBM1401
• Contained all the components of modern- RCA 501
day computers — printer, storage capacity,
operating system, etc.
• Programming languages like COBOL and
FORTRAN came into use.
Third 1964-70 Integrated • Smaller size IBM 360
circuits • Increased storage capacity series and
(chips) • Different programs could be run together 370 series
Fourth 1971 Micropr- • Greater computing power Modern-
-present ocessors • Greater storage capacity day PCs,
• Used better storage devices that cost less laptops,
• Could be linked together or networked palmtops
Fifth 1989 Artificial • Very high speed and storage capacity CRAY-1
-future intelligence • Ability to carry out sophisticated operations series
• Might overcome the lack of thinking power
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CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
The characteristics of a typical modern-day computer are as follows:
Speed A computer can perform complex mathematical and statistical calculations at a
very high speed.
Accuracy A computer is very accurate. If the data entered into the computer and the
set of instructions are correct, then the result produced will be accurate.
High Storage A computer has a very high storage capacity. It can store a large amount
of information in a very small space. The information stored can be recovered instantly
and correctly whenever desired.
Diligence Being a machine, a computer does not suffer from boredom or lack of
concentration and continues to work with the same accuracy till power is supplied to it.
Versatility Versatility is the ability to perform different types of jobs. A computer can
perform different types of jobs efficiently. It can work with different types of data like
pictures, audio, and video.
Limitation
Today’s computers lack the ability to make decisions. They need to be told what to do
at each and every step. In an unexpected situation, a computer will either produce
incorrect results or will not complete the task.
Tricky Terms
Abacus The first calculating device made of a wooden frame and beads sliding
on wires
Napier’s Bones The calculating device made by Sir John Napier that had numbers
carved on bones or strips of wood
Pascaline The first mechanical calculator that was invented by Blaise Pascal
Difference Engine A machine invented by Charles Babbage for preparing mathematical
tables
Analytical Engine The first general-purpose computer invented by Charles Babbage
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer
EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
UNIAC I Universal Automatic Computer
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Artificial Intelligence A branch of computer science that aims to create computers that
can think, behave, and react in the same way as humans do
Diligence The property of being able to work efficiently and
accurately over a long period of time
Versatility The ability to perform different types of jobs efficiently
Memory Bytes
Early Calculating Devices • The fourth-generation computers use
• The abacus was probably the first microprocessors, have much-improved
calculating device. computing power, and very high storage
capacities.
• In 1616, Sir John Napier made a
calculating device called Napier’s bones. • Supercomputers have a very high storage
It was used for addition, subtraction, capacity and high speed; they might have
multiplication, and division. the ability to make decisions in the future.
15
E X E R C IS E S
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
Charles Babbage decisions John von Neumann Pascaline vacuum tubes
a. Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical calculator called .................... .
b. ................... is called the father of modern computers.
c. The first-generation computers used .................... .
d. ................... developed the concept of stored programs.
e. Computers lack the ability to make .................... .
2. Write T for the true statement and F for the false one.
a. Abacus is probably the first calculating device. .........
b. Charles Babbage invented the difference engine. .........
c. MARK I was faster than the ENIAC. .........
d. Examples of first-generation computers are the ENIAC and UNIVAC I. .........
e. The computers that we use at home possess artificial intelligence. .........
3. Write one word for the following.
a. The first fully automatic calculator ....................
b. The first fully electronic digital computer ....................
c. The first electronic computer that used stored programs ....................
d. The first commercially available electronic computer ....................
e. It has all the components of the CPU on a single chip ....................
4. Answer the following.
a. Name the computer built to help the army in launching bombs and missiles more
accurately.
b. What are the limitations of the first-generation computers?
c. What is a supercomputer?
d. List any two characteristics of computers.
e. What is artificial intelligence?
5. Choose the correct option.
a. The .............................. -generation computers were very large in size.
i. Second ii. First iii. Third iv. Fourth
b. The main component of second-generation computers was
i. Vacuum tube ii. Transistor iii. Integrated circuit iv. Microprocessor
c. The first electronic computer was the
i. ENIAC ii. UNIVAC iii. EDVAC iv. EDSAC
d. A microprocessor is used in the ................... generation of computers.
i. First ii. Second iii. Third iv. Fourth
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e. Artificial intelligence is associated with the ........................... generation of computers.
i. Third ii. First iii. Fifth iv. Second
In the Lab
1. The computer science teacher has asked 3. Search the Internet and make a chart on
the students to make a chart on the the type of computers used in making
various generations of computers. Take robots. You can take the help of your
pictures from a magazine or from the teacher or an elder at home to search
Internet (request your teacher to help you for the right kind of information and
out) and paste the pictures on the chart pictures.
to make it more attractive. 4. Make a four-column table and
2. Make a list of the supercomputers distinguish the four generations of
designed in India along with their use. computers on the basis of size, main
Search for information on the Internet component used, and efficiency, in the
(take the help of your teacher). format shown below.
Teacher’s Notes
• A PowerPoint presentation could be made on different generations of computers to make the topic interesting, and
more pictures of the early computers could be included.
• Before discussing the features of computers, the students could be encouraged to describe what they understand
about computers.
• A spare CPU cabinet could be opened up and shown to the students to make them understand how it looks from
the inside. If possible, a microprocessor could also be shown.
17
CHAPTER
You know Toggle, the teacher said Can a computer store any amount It does have a limitation. But then,
that the computer has a memory! of data and instructions in its we have other storage devices like
Does it mean it remembers things? memory? Doesn’t it get overloaded? CD-ROMs and pen drives. … Ok! Ok!
Will explain all this in detail.
Not exactly, Goggle.
A computer uses its
memory to store data
and instructions.
Some input devices are used to enter data directly into the computer (e.g., keyboard);
others called pointing devices are used to point and select options on the screen
(e.g., mouse).
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You have learnt about the following input devices in class 4 — keyboard, mouse,
trackball, joystick, light pen, scanner, web camera, digital camera, and microphone.
Let us learn about two more input devices.
Stylus
Graphics Tablet
A graphics tablet consists of a flat surface on which the user
may write a word or draw an image using a special pen
called a stylus (Fig. 2.1). The image generally does not appear
Fig. 2.1 Graphics tablet
on the tablet itself but is displayed on the computer monitor.
Touch Screen
A touch screen is a computer display screen that recognizes
the touch input. A user interacts with the computer by
touching words or pictures on the screen (Fig. 2.2). Touch
screens are used in Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), in
Fig. 2.2 Touch screen
tablet PCs, in railway and airport terminals for arrival and
departure enquiries, in hospitals for accessing patient records, etc.
OUTPUT DEVICES
The devices that are used to get the output from a computer are called output devices.
You have learnt about the following output devices in Class 4 — Visual Display Units
(VDUs), speakers, headphones, projectors, and printers. Let us learn more about the
VDU and the printer.
The diagonal length
Visual Display Unit (VDU) of the screen
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Printers are of two main types: impact and non-impact. Ribbon
Print head
Paper
Impact Printer
In an impact printer, a print head strikes an ink ribbon,
which in turn strikes the paper to make a mark on the
paper (Fig. 2.4). This means that there is mechanical contact Fig. 2.4 Contact between
between the print head and the paper. Examples of impact print head and paper in an
printers are dot matrix, daisy wheel, and line printers. impact printer
It can print multiple carbon copies; therefore, it is used for printing receipts or bills.
It is slow and noisy, and gives low-quality output. Nowadays, it has been largely
replaced by non-impact printers.
(a) Dot matrix printer (b) Print head of a dot (c) Pins form a pattern
matrix printer of dots
Fig. 2.5 Dot matrix printing
Non-impact Printer
In this type of printer, there is no mechanical contact between the print head and the
paper. Examples of non-impact printers are inkjet and laser printers.
Inkjet printer
In an inkjet printer, the print head sprays extremely small
droplets of ink on the paper to form the desired character or
image (Fig. 2.6). It is faster and has better printing quality than
a dot matrix printer; however, the printout has a tendency to
smear if it gets wet. Fig. 2.6 Inkjet printer
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Laser printer
In a laser printer (Fig. 2.7), a laser beam (a dense beam of light)
produces an image of the desired character on a drum (called a
roller). The roller is passed through powdered ink called toner.
The toner sticks to the parts of the drum that were hit by the
laser beam. Finally, the characters are transferred to the paper
through a combination of heat and pressure. A laser printer is
very fast and produces high-quality printouts. Fig. 2.7 Laser printer
MEMORY
The storage capacity of a computer is called its memory. Memory enables the
computer to store data, instructions, and information.
Data are facts, figures, words, etc., that we want the computer to work on.
Instructions are the commands that tell the computer how to work on the given data.
Binary Digits
A computer works with only two digits — 0 and 1. The data input into the computer
are first converted into 0s and 1s for the computer to understand them. These digits are
called Binary digits or bits. A bit is the smallest chunk of information a computer can
work with.
So, 1 B = 8 bits
The memory of a computer is represented in bytes, i.e., a byte is the unit of measuring
computer memory. The higher units of memory are given in Table 2.1.
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Types of Memory
There are three types of computer memory — primary memory, read-only memory
(ROM), and secondary memory (Fig. 2.8).
COMPUTER MEMORY
Primary Memory
Primary memory is also called internal memory and is the
main area in a computer where data, instructions, and
information are stored.
The CPU can access data from RAM (Fig. 2.9) only till the Fig. 2.9 RAM
time the computer is switched on.
As soon as the power to the computer is switched off, the stored data and instructions
disappear from RAM. This kind of memory that loses its contents when the power is
turned off is also known as volatile memory.
22
This memory can also be directly accessed by the CPU. The
data and instructions stored in ROM (Fig. 2.10) are retained
even when the computer is switched off.
This kind of memory that retains its contents even when the
power is turned off is known as non-volatile memory. Thus,
ROM has the features of both primary memory (directly
accessed by the CPU) as well as secondary memory
(non-volatile). Secondary memory will be discussed in
detail in the next section. Fig. 2.10 ROM
Writable and erasable ROMs are also available nowadays (Table 2.2).
Table 2.2 Types of ROM
Programmable read-only memory It is a type of ROM that can be programmed to record
(PROM) information. Once the information has been recorded,
it cannot be changed.
Erasable programmable read-only It is a type of ROM in which data can be erased using
memory (EPROM) ultraviolet light.
Electrically erasable programmable It is a type of ROM in which data can be erased using
read-only memory (EEPROM) electrical signals.
Secondary Memory
Primary memory is volatile and has limited capacity. So, it is important to have some
other form of memory on which data and programs can be stored even when the
computer is turned off.
Secondary memory or external memory is where programs and data are stored for
future referencing. It is also called auxiliary memory.
It is different from primary memory in the fact that it is not directly accessible by the
CPU and is non-volatile. The secondary or external storage devices have a much larger
storage capacity.
Examples of secondary storage devices are floppy disks, hard disks, CDs (compact
disc), DVDs (digital versatile disc), Blu-ray discs, and flash drives (pen drive). Let us
learn about each of these.
23
Floppy disk
A floppy disk is made up of a magnetic disc in a square plastic case. In addition to
storing data, it can also be used for transferring data from one computer to another.
Floppy disks are available in two sizes [Figs. 2.11 (a) and (b)].
Hard disk
A hard disk is a part of a unit called a hard disk
drive, which stores data (Fig. 2.12). Hard disk drives
come in different storage capacities, e.g., 320 GB,
500 GB, and 1 TB.
A hard disk is made up of a collection of discs (one Fig. 2.12 Hard disk
below the other), known as platters.
Track
The platters are coated with magnetic material and
each platter consists of a number of invisible circles
(all having the same center) called tracks. The tracks
are further divided into sectors (Fig. 2.13).
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CD-ROM
A CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) also consists of tracks
and sectors. It can store up to 700 MB of data (Fig. 2.14).
DVD
A DVD (Digital Video Disc) is also called a Digital Versatile Disc.
It stores up to 4.7 GB of data. It looks similar to a CD (Fig. 2.15). To
use a DVD, a device called a DVD-ROM drive is needed.
Fig. 2.15 DVD
Blu-ray disc
A Blu-ray disc looks similar to a CD or a DVD but can contain up
to 25 GB of data (Fig. 2.16). To use a Blu-ray disc, a Blu-ray reader
is required. Some higher models of laptops have a Blu-ray reader.
Flash drive
A flash drive (Fig. 2.17) comes in various storage capacities, e.g., Fig. 2.16 Blu-ray disc
1GB, 2 GB, 4 GB, and 8 GB. It can be used to read,
write, delete, or transfer data. It is
Top Tip
widely used nowadays because it
is easy to use and small enough to Fig. 2.17 Pen drive You can play CDs in a
be carried around in your pocket. or fl ash drive DVD drive but you cannot
play DVDs in a CD drive.
To use a flash drive, a USB port (Fig. 2.18) is needed. The
device is plugged into the USB port of a computer.
Did You Know?
USB Port
The name Blu-ray is derived
from the technology that is
used: ‘Blu’ from blue-violet
Device
laser and ‘ray’ from an
connected optical ray.
Fig. 2.18 USB port
25
Computer Manners
✘ ✔
The CD/DVD drive is meant only for CDs and DVDs. Inserting any other object might
damage it.
Tricky Terms
Bit A binary digit, either 0 or 1
Byte 8 bits make up a byte; a unit of measuring computer memory
RAM Random access memory
ROM Read-only memory
PROM Programmable read-only memory
EPROM Erasable programmable read-only memory
EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
Floppy Disk A storage device made up of a magnetic disc in a plastic case
Hard Disk A storage device made up of a collection of discs called platters; a part
of a unit called a hard disk drive
CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory
DVD Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc
Blu-ray Disc It stores more data than a DVD
Flash drive A small, easy-to-use storage device that can be carried around in your
pocket
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Memory Bytes
Input Devices Primary Memory
• A graphics tablet consists of a flat surface • It is also called random access
on which the user may write a word or memory (RAM).
draw an image using a special pen called • RAM is also known as read/write memory
a stylus. as we can read information from it and
• A touch screen is a computer display also write on it.
screen that recognizes the touch input.
ROM
Output Devices
• It has the features of both primary
• Printers are available in two main types: memory (directly accessed by the CPU) as
impact (e.g., dot matrix) and non-impact well as secondary memory (non-volatile).
(e.g., inkjet and laser).
Secondary Memory
Binary Digits
• Secondary memory devices are floppy
• A bit (binary digit) is the smallest chunk disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray
of information a computer can work with. discs, and flash drives.
It is either 0 or 1.
• A flash drive or pen drive can be easily
• A byte consists of 8 bits. Byte is the unit carried around in your pocket.
for measuring the memory of a computer.
E X E R C IS E S
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
RAM 8 binary flash ROM volatile
a. The computer works with only two digits, 0 and 1, called the ................. digits.
b. 1 byte = ................. bits
c. The memory that loses its content when the power is turned off is known as .................
memory.
d. ................. and ................. are memories that can be directly accessed by the CPU.
e. ................. drive is a portable device used to store, access, and transfer data.
2. Write T for the true statement and F for the false one.
a. ROM is a volatile memory. ........
b. PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM are types of ROM. ........
c. Floppy disks are now not used for data storage. ........
d. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs look similar. ........
e. Once the data is stored in a pen drive, it cannot be erased. ........
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3. Write one word for the following.
a. A special pen attached to a graphics tablet ........................
b. It is also known as a VDU ........................
c. This type of printer is used for bulk printing ........................
d. The memory that retains its content even when the power is turned off ........................
e. Discs that are present one below the other in a hard disk ........................
4. Answer the following.
a. What are the three types of memory used to store data known as?
b. What is non-volatile memory?
c. What does ROM stand for? Name the three types of ROM.
d. Why do we need secondary memory?
e. Arrange in ascending order (lowest to highest) of capacity.
floppy disk hard disk CD-ROM DVD Blu-ray disc pen drive
5. Choose the correct option.
a. It is the smallest chunk of information that a computer can work with.
i. bit ii. 0 iii. 1 iv. Byte
b. It is volatile memory, i.e., it loses data when power is switched off.
i. RAM ii. ROM iii. CD iv. DVD
c. The storage capacity of a computer is called its ............. .
i. CPU ii. Binary digit iii. Memory iv. Peripheral
d. Which one is not a secondary memory?
i. CD ii. DVD iii. ROM iv. Pen drive
e. 1 MB is equal to ................ .
i. 1024 bytes ii. 1024 KB iii. 1024 GB iv. 1024 TB
In the Lab
1. Make a list of the input, output, and get the information.
secondary storage devices used in your
3. Suparna wants to make a chart on
computer lab.
secondary storage devices. Help her
2. Lavanya’s father wants to buy a pen make the chart. Get pictures from a
drive. What options does he have? magazine or the Internet.
Design an interesting chart on the main
4. Make a list of the places where you find
companies which manufacture pen
a touch screen, and write short notes on
drives, and the capacities available
how they are used in these places.
with pictures. Take help of an elder to
Teacher’s Notes
• The proper handling of floppy disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs could be discussed.
• If a corrupted floppy disk is available, the jacket could be removed and the disk inside the floppy could be shown.
• The storage and retrieval of data from a pen drive could be demonstrated to the students.
28
CHAPTER
3 Formatting in MS Word
Look, Toggle! I have typed some You can use the paragraph and page Then, could you also teach me
sentences in MS Word. But the formatting features of MS Word. I’ll how to print this document?
page is not looking good. help you with this.
Sure buddy!
Goggle, the right amount of space
between the lines and paragraphs
makes the page look good.
PAGE FORMATTING
Making changes to the settings of a page is
called page formatting. The Page Layout tab of
MS Word is used for page formatting (Fig. 3.1).
Fig. 3.1 Page Setup group of
the Page Layout tab
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Margins are the amount of white space between the text
and the edge of the page on all four sides. The default
setting for the top, bottom, left, and right margins in MS
Word is 1 inch. The steps to change the page margins are
as follows:
On the horizontal and vertical ruler bars, the Fig. 3.4 Show/Hide group of the
shaded parts depict the margins (Fig. 3.5). View tab
30
The top and bottom margins are indicated by the top shaded part and the bottom
shaded part of the vertical ruler. To change the margin setting, say for the right
margin, place the mouse pointer on the right margin boundary. The pointer changes
to a double headed arrow called the margin marker. Drag the margin marker to the
desired location.
Horizontal ruler
Left margin
Right margin
Top margin
Vertical ruler
Bottom margin
31
The default page orientation in MS Word is Portrait. The steps to
change the orientation of the page are as follows:
Top Tip
You can also change the
paper size using the Page
Layout tab. Click the
Page Layout tab, and
then click the down arrow
of the Size option of Page
Setup group and choose Fig. 3.8 Paper tab of the Page
the required size. Setup dialog box
32
COLUMN FORMATTING
By default, an MS Word document has one column. However,
the document can be formatted to have more than one
column, as we see in a newspaper (Fig. 3.10).
Practice Time
Sonali’s social studies teacher has asked her to type the following paragraph in MS Word.
Keep Smiling
Smiling is good for your health. When you smile, your heart rate slows down, your blood
pressure goes down, and your body begins to relax. A smile makes you look attractive.
Important points to remember:
33
Smile and the world smiles back at you. It takes fewer muscles to smile than to frown.
Now the teacher wants her to format the paragraph in the following ways:
1. Make four copies of the paragraph.
2. Set the top and bottom margins to 1.25 inches.
3. Change the orientation to landscape.
4. Insert a page break after the second paragraph.
5. Change the number of columns to 2.
6. Save the document as ‘Smile’.
Can you help her with the task?
SOLUTION
1. The steps to make a copy of the paragraph are as follows:
a. Select the paragraph.
b. Click the Home tab.
c. In the Clipboard group, click Copy.
d. Click at the required position in the document.
e. Click Paste.
Follow steps (a) to (e) three times more to make four copies.
2. The steps to set the margins are as follows:
a. Click the Page Layout tab.
b. In the Page Setup group, click Margins.
c. Now, select Custom Margins.
d. The Page Setup dialog box appears. Set Top and Bottom margins to 1.25
inches. Then click OK.
3. The steps to change the orientation to landscape are as follows:
a. Click on the Page Layout tab.
b. From the Page Setup group, click Orientation.
c. Click Landscape.
4. The steps to insert a page break are as follows:
a. Click at the position where you want to insert a page break.
b. Click the Insert tab.
c. In the Pages group, click Page Break.
5. The steps to specify the text into columns are as follows:
a. Select the text. Click the Page Layout tab.
b. In the Page Setup group, specify the number of columns by clicking the
Columns option.
6. The steps to save the document are as follows:
a. Click the Office Button.
b. Select the Save As option.
c. The Save As dialog box appears.
d. In the file name box type ‘Smile’ and click Save.
34
PARAGRAPH FORMATTING
The paragraph formatting feature of MS Word can be
used to set the appearance of text in a paragraph.
Line Spacing
Line spacing is the amount of white space between the
lines of text in a paragraph. It is measured in lines or in
units called points. The steps to set line spacing are as
follows:
Fig. 3.13 Line spacing options 1. Place the cursor within the paragraph or select the
paragraph(s). Click the Home tab.
2. In the Paragraph group, click the Line spacing button (Fig. 3.13).
3. From the drop-down list, select the required
option.
Or
Paragraph Spacing
Paragraph spacing is the amount of white space
between paragraphs. It can be measured in lines
or points. The steps to set the spacing before and
after the paragraph are as follows:
1. Place the cursor within a paragraph or select Fig. 3.14 Paragraph dialog box
several paragraphs.
2. Click the Page Layout tab. Fast Forward
3. In the Paragraph Single line spacing CTRL+1
group, specify the Double line spacing CTRL+2
spacing before and 1.5 line spacing CTRL+5
after the paragraph Fig. 3.15 Paragraph group of the
(Fig. 3.15). Page Layout tab
35
Setting Alignment
Alignment is the manner in which text is placed between the margins of a page. You
can change both the vertical and horizontal alignments.
Vertical alignment refers to the position of text in relation to the top and bottom page
margins. Horizontal alignment refers to the position of text in relation to the left and
right page margins.
2. In the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher (Fig. 3.18).
36
3. The Paragraph dialog box appears. Click the Indents
and Spacing tab (Fig. 3.19).
4. Select an alignment from the Alignment drop-down
list:
Left: Text is flushed with the left margin. The right
margin is uneven. This is also the default alignment
of MS Word.
Flush means the paragraph lines are levelled evenly
along one edge (left or right).
Right: Text is flushed with the right margin, the left
margin is uneven.
Centered: Text is centered between the left and right
Fig. 3.19 Paragraph dialog box
margins of a page.
Justified: Text is placed so that both the left
and right margins are even. Top Tip
5. Click OK. You can also set the horizontal
The paragraph will appear as shown in alignment of text by using the
buttons available in the Paragraph
Figure 3.20 depending on your choice of
group of the Home tab.
alignment. Align text right
Align text left
Left aligned
Right aligned
Center aligned
Justified
37
Practice Time
The computer teacher has asked the students of Class 5A to open the already saved
document ‘Smile’ and then practice the following formatting commands:
1. Change the line spacing to 1.5 lines.
2. Change the paragraph spacing.
3. Right-align the first paragraph and center-align the second paragraph.
SOLUTION
1. The steps to change the line spacing are as follows:
a. Place the cursor within the paragraph or select the paragraph(s).
b. Click the Home tab.
c. In the Paragraph group, click the Line spacing.
d. From the drop-down list, select the required line spacing option, i.e., 1.5.
2. The steps to change the paragraph spacing are as follows:
a. Place the cursor within a paragraph or select several paragraphs.
b. Click the Page Layout tab.
c. In the Paragraph group, specify the spacing before and after the paragraph.
3. The steps to change the alignment are as follows:
a. Select the paragraph(s). Click the Home tab.
b. In the Paragraph group, click the required alignment option.
Top Tip
Fast Forward
You can use the Print
Align text left CTRL+L
Preview option to see how
Align text center CTRL+E the document would look
Align text right CTRL+R when printed. For this, click
Justify CTRL+J the Office Button and
then select Print Print
Preview.
PRINTING A DOCUMENT
The steps to print a document are as follows:
1. Click the Office Button.
2. Select Print Print.
38
3. The Print dialog box appears (Fig. 3.21).
4. The steps to choose the settings in the Print dialog box are as follows:
a. Select the printer from the Name drop-down list.
b. Choose the pages to be printed in the Page range group box by selecting one of
the following available options:
All: This option prints the whole document.
Current page: This option prints the page where the cursor is placed.
Selection: This option prints the selected text.
Pages: This option prints individual pages by the page number or a range of
pages. You can use commas to separate the page numbers (e.g., 4,8,12). Use
a hyphen to print page ranges, e.g., 8-12. This will print all pages from page
numbers 8 to 12.
To print from a particular page to the end of the document, enter the starting
page number followed by a hyphen (e.g., 4-). You may also combine individual
page numbers and a range of pages (e.g., 4,8,12-25).
c. You can also print only odd-numbered or even-numbered pages. Select Odd
pages or Even pages option from the Print drop-down list.
d. Type the number of copies you want in the Number of copies box.
39
e. You can choose whether to collate the pages or not. Suppose you want to print 4
copies of a document:
• If the Collate option is not selected, MS Word Top Tip
will first print 4 copies of page 1, then 4 copies If no text has been
of page 2, and so on. selected, the Selection
• If the Collate option is selected, MS Word will option of the Page range
print a complete set of pages 1 to 4, then a group box remains inactive.
second set, and so on.
f. After choosing from the options in the Print dialog box, click OK to print the
document. Make sure the printer is switched on.
Note: The Properties button at the top-right corner and the Options button at the
bottom-left corner of the Print dialog box allow you more choices on printing a
document.
Update
Printing a document has become easier in MS Office 2010. Office
1. Click the 2010
File tab.
2. Select the
printer.
3. Specify the
number of copies.
Tricky Terms
Default Settings Settings that are standard or pre-defined in software
Page Formatting Making changes to the settings of a page
40
Margins The amount of white space between the text and the edge of the
page on all four sides
Orientation The direction (along the length or along the width) in which the
page is being printed
Line Spacing The amount of white space between the lines of text in a paragraph
Paragraph Spacing The amount of white space between paragraphs
Alignment The manner in which text is placed between the margins of a page
Horizontal Alignment The position of text in relation to the left and right page margins
Vertical Alignment The position of text in relation to the top and bottom page margins
Memory Bytes
• The Page Layout tab of MS Word is used then click the Insert tab. In the Pages
for page formatting. group, click Page Break.
• You can set the margins using the ruler • To set columns style, select the text, and
bars. then click the Page Layout tab. From the
• To display both the horizontal and Page Setup group, specify the number of
vertical ruler bars, click the View tab. columns by clicking the Columns option.
From the Show/Hide group, select Ruler. • The paragraph formatting feature of MS
• You can also use the Page Setup dialog Word can be used to set the appearance
box for page formatting. of text in a paragraph, e.g., line spacing,
paragraph spacing, and text alignment.
• The paper orientation can be either
Portrait (document printed along the • To change the vertical alignment of text,
width of the paper) or Landscape click the Page Layout tab. In the Page
(document printed along the length of the Setup group, click the Page Setup dialog
paper). box launcher, click the Layout tab, and
then click the option you want in the
• To change the orientation of the page
Vertical alignment box.
using Page Setup dialog box, click the
Margins tab of Page Setup dialog box and • To print a document, click the Office
select the required orientation. Button. Then select Print Print. The
Print dialog box appears. Choose the
• To insert a page break, click the position
required options and then click OK.
where you want to insert a page break,
41
E X E R C IS E S
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
orientation default 1 horizontal View
a. ................... settings are the settings that are predefined in a software.
b. The default top margin is ................... inch.
c. To display both the horizontal and vertical ruler bars, click the ................... tab.
d. ................... refers to the direction in which the page is being printed.
e. ................... alignment refers to the position of text in relation to the left and right
margins.
2. Write T for the true statement and F for the false one.
a. The default page orientation in MS Word is Landscape. ........
b. By default, an MS Word document has one column. ........
c. Paragraph spacing is measured in lines or points. ........
d. You can only change the vertical alignment. ........
e. The keyboard shortcut to center-align text is CTRL+E. ........
3. Write one word for the following.
a. The default page orientation ...................
b. To insert a page break, click this tab ...................
c. To set column style, click this button of the Page Layout tab ...................
d. To change the alignment, click this tab ...................
e. Click this option of Office Button to print a document ...................
4. Answer the following.
a. What is page formatting?
b. What is paragraph formatting?
c. Define alignment.
d. Write the keyboard shortcuts to
i. Justify text ii. Left-align text
e. Write the steps to print a document.
5. Choose the correct option.
a. The amount of white space between the text and the edges of the page
i. Margins ii. Formatting iii. Alignment iv. None of these
b. To change the page margins, click the ....................... tab.
i. Home ii. Page Layout iii. View iv. None of these
c. Type(s) of page orientation are
i. Portrait ii. Landscape iii. None of these iv. Both (i) and (ii)
42
d. In ................ orientation, text is printed along the length of the page.
i. Landscape ii. Portrait iii. Both (i) and (ii) iv. None of these
e. Which of the following cannot be set using the Page Setup dialog box?
i. Orientation ii. Top margin iii. Number of columns iv. Paper size
In the Lab
1. Anshul has created a document in MS ‘Nutrients’. Create a similar document
Word on the topic ‘National Symbols and use the formatting features to set
of Nepal’. Help him use the formatting the page margins to 1.5 inches, arrange
features of MS Word in aligning the the text in two columns, and set the
paragraphs, formatting the appearance of paragraph spacing to 2 points and line
the page, and printing the document. spacing to 2 lines.
2. Type a poem in MS Word. Arrange the 4. Arti, the English teacher, has taught
poem in two columns and format the page the students of class V B about types of
to enhance the appearance of the text. nouns. Create a document in MS Word
3. Shalini, the science teacher, took a giving details about the types of nouns
class on various nutrients and their with examples. The paragraphs should
sources. She wants the students to create be center-aligned and there should be
a document in MS Word on the topic 1.5 line spacing between all the lines.
Note: You may use different fonts, font colors and sizes for the headings and text, as
well as other formatting features you have learnt earlier to make your pages
look attractive.
Teacher’s Notes
• The features of MS Word covered in the earlier class could be briefly reviewed. How formatting can make a page
attractive could be explained to the students. How a document is printed could also be demonstrated and different
options of the Print dialog box could be explained.
43
Worksheet 1
(Chapters 1–3)
Maximum marks: 20
1. Find the names of five devices (calculating devices or storage devices) in the grid. (5)
A F G T D E R T Y U W A D F F
Z X C V D E F T G H A Q W S L
P A S C A L I N E E B E A A A
E R T Y S D F G H W A B A V S
H A R D D I S K E R C S R T H
Q F G T T E D D H J U T R T D
E E S A T O U C H S S R E E R
D F R E T T U J K K L I W W I
R R T Y H S H E E R T V G H V
G R A P H I C S T A B L E T E
2. Who am I? (5)
a. I am a calculating device made up of a rectangular box with movable
wheels ...........................
b. I am the first general-purpose computer ...........................
c. I am the settings that are standard or pre-defined in a software ...........................
d. I am the tab that you click to display the rulers ...........................
e. I am the manner in which text is placed between the margins of
a page .........................
3. With the help of the clues given, solve the following crossword puzzle. (4)
3
44
ACROSS
1. The default orientation of a page
2. The first calculating device
DOWN
3. The amount of white space between the text and the edge of the page
4. The smallest chunk of information that a computer can work with
4. Name the following figures. (3)
a. ..............................
b. ..............................
c. ..............................
45
CHAPTER
4 Features of MS Word
Oh no! I always make mistakes while That’s great Toggle! Come, let’s learn more about
typing. The teacher finds many this and some other interesting
spelling mistakes in my projects. features of MS Word.
A red wavy underline indicates a misspelt word. Any word that is not there in the MS
Word dictionary is marked as misspelled. This includes proper names, technical terms,
etc. A green wavy line indicates grammatical mistakes.
46
The Spelling & Grammar tool of MS Word lets you check the spellings of the words
in an entire document or in a part of a document. The steps to check spelling and
grammar are as follows:
47
On clicking the desired button, that action is
taken and then the next word is highlighted.
5. Repeat step 4 until a message box saying
‘The spelling and grammar check is
complete’ is displayed (Fig. 4.3).
Fig. 4.3 Message box
6. Click OK.
Top Tip
THESAURUS You can click the correctly
The Thesaurus tool provides a list of synonyms (i.e., spelled word in the
words with similar meaning) for a given word, and can suggestions list and click
be used to replace a word with one of its synonyms. the AutoCorrect button.
This will automatically
The steps to use Thesaurus are as follows: correct the identical
misspelled word when you
type it in future.
1. Click the Review tab.
2. In the Proofing
group, click
Thesaurus (Fig.
4.4).
3. The Research Thesaurus Fig. 4.4 Thesaurus button
task pane
appears to the right of the document window (Fig. 4.5).
4. Press ALT and click the word that you want to look up.
Results appear in the Research task pane.
5. To use one of the words in the list of results or to search
for more words, choose from the following:
• To use one of the words, select it, click the down
arrow, and then click Insert or Copy.
• To look up additional related words, click a word in
the list of results.
Fast Forward
Thesaurus SHIFT+F7
48
CHANGE CASE
Sometimes after typing the text, you may feel that you should have written the
important words in capital letters (uppercase) or some words that are in capital letters
should have been in lowercase.
MS Word allows you to change the case of typed text to any of the following five
options:
Sentence case The first character in a sentence is capitalized and the rest are
in lowercase
Capitalize Each Word The first character of each word is capital and the rest are in
lowercase
The Find command can be used to locate a specific word or text in a document.
49
Finding Text
The steps to find a word or text in a document are as follows:
Fig. 4.8 Find and Replace dialog box with the Find tab selected
4. In the Find what box, type the word or text you want to search.
5. Click the Find Next button to find the instance of the given word or text.
If MS Word finds the word or text, it will highlight that word or text.
6. Repeat step 5 until MS Word has finished searching the document.
7. When the search is finished, a message box will appear.
8. Click OK.
9. Close the Find and Replace dialog box.
Replacing Text
The Find and Replace commands can be combined to find a particular word or text in
the document and replace it with another word or text. The steps to find and replace a
word or text in a document are as follows:
50
3. The Find and Replace dialog box is displayed with the Replace tab selected (Fig. 4.9).
Fig. 4.9 Find and Replace dialog box with the Replace tab selected
Practice Time
Alsan Public School organized a rangoli competition. Snehal has typed an article
to be printed in the school newspaper, giving details of the competition. She has
created the document in MS Word. By mistake, she typed the entire text in small
letters. Her computer teacher now wants her to do the following:
51
1. Change the case of the heading so that the first character of each word is in
capital. Change the case of the paragraph to sentence case and the name of the
school to uppercase.
2. Check spelling and grammar.
3. Use Thesaurus for the word ‘talent’ and replace with another similar word.
4. Find the word ‘children’ and replace it with ‘students’ at all occurrences in the text.
SOLUTION
Start MS Word and type the following paragraph.
rangoli competition
a rangoli competition was held in alsan public school on 24th October 2011. children of
classes 7 to 10 participated and showcased their talent. they used organic colors, flower
petals, pulses, multicoloured diyas, etc. to present their best in rangoli. the efforts of the
children were appreciated by the school principal and the manager.
1. The steps to change the case are as follows:
a. Select the text. Click the Home tab.
b. In the Font group, click the Change Case button.
c. Select the desired change case option.
2. The steps to check spelling and grammar are as follows:
a. Position the cursor at the location where you want to start checking the
spelling. Click the Review tab.
b. In the Proofing group, click Spelling & Grammar. The Spelling and
Grammar dialog box appears.
c. The first unrecognized word is displayed in the Not in Dictionary text box
and the suggestions are displayed in the Suggestions box. You can choose
from the following:
• Click the correct word in the Suggestions list. Click Change to change the
word or click Change All to change the word in the entire document.
• Click Ignore Once if no correction is needed, or click Ignore All to
continue checking the document but leaving all instances of the highlighted
word unchanged throughout the document.
• Click Add to Dictionary to add the word to the MS Word dictionary.
On clicking the desired button, that action is taken and the next word is
highlighted.
d. Repeat step (c) until a message saying ‘The spelling and grammar check is
complete’ is displayed.
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e. Click OK.
3. The steps to use Thesaurus are as follows:
a. Click the Review tab.
b. In the Proofing group, click Thesaurus.
c. The Research task pane appears to the right of the document window.
d. Press ALT and click the word that you want to look up, i.e., ‘talent’.
e. Results appear in the Research task pane.
f. To use one of the words in the list of results or to search for more words,
choose from the following:
• To use one of the words, point to it, click the down arrow, and then click
Insert or Copy.
• To look up additional related words, click a word in the list of results.
4. The steps to find the word ‘children’ and replace it with ‘students’ at all
occurrences are as follows:
a. Click the Home tab.
b. In the Editing group, click Replace.
c. The Find and Replace dialog box is displayed with the Replace tab
selected.
d. In the Find What box, type the text to be searched, i.e., ‘children’.
e. In the Replace with box, type the text you want to replace the text in the
Find what box with, i.e., ‘students’.
f. Click the Find Next button to highlight the word in the document.
g. Once you have found the word, click the Replace All button to replace all
occurrences of the text in the Find what box with the text in the Replace
with box.
Now, the text would look as given below.
53
BULLETS AND NUMBERING
A bullet is a dot or a symbol that marks an important line of information. A bulleted
list is usually used when the order of items in the list does not matter (unordered). By
default, MS Word uses a simple black dot as a bullet.
Bullets button
A numbered list is used for listing when the
order of items is important, e.g., a sequence of
events or steps.
Select the paragraphs you want to include in the list. Top Tip
2. Click the Home tab. To use the default bullet
3. In the Paragraph group, click the down arrow next to style, you can simply click
the Bullets button (Fig. 4.10). the Bullets button in the
Paragraph group of the
4. The Bullet Library appears. Home tab.
5. Select the desired bullet.
54
6. The Symbol dialog box appears
(Fig. 4.12).
7. Select the Font and then select the
required symbol.
8. Click OK to close the Symbol dialog
box.
9. Click OK to close the Define New
Bullet dialog box.
55
Practice Time
Sanket loves reading Aesop’s fables. His teacher wants him to
1. Create a document in MS Word and make a bulleted list of the fables he has
already read.
2. Change the bullet style by defining a new bullet.
3. Change the list to a numbered list.
Help him do these tasks.
SOLUTION
Start MS Word and create the document.
1. The steps to create the bulleted list are as follows:
a. Position the cursor at the location where you want to start the list.
b. Click the Home tab.
c. In the Paragraph group, click the down arrow
next to the Bullets button.
d. The Bullet Library appears.
e. Select the desired bullet and start typing the titles
(Fig. a).
2. The steps to change the bullet style are as follows:
a. Select the bulleted list.
b. Click the Home tab. (a)
c. Click the arrow next to Bullets button and then click Define New Bullet
from the drop-down list.
d. The Define New Bullet dialog box appears.
e. Click the Symbol button.
f. The Symbol dialog box appears.
g. Select the Font and then select the preferred symbol.
h. Click OK to close the Symbol dialog box.
i. Click OK to close the Define New Bullet dialog box
(Fig. b).
(b)
3. The steps to change the list to a numbered list are as
follows:
a. Select the paragraphs you want to include in the list.
b. Click the Home tab.
c. In the Paragraph group, click the down arrow next
to the Numbering button.
d. The Numbering Library appears.
e. Select the desired numbering style (Fig. c). (c)
56
SYMBOLS
Symbols are signs or special characters that can be inserted in an MS Word document.
Symbols like hearts, stars, and arrows can be inserted and formatted in a document
just like regular text. Each font has a separate set of symbols.
Inserting a Symbol
The steps to insert a symbol in a document are as follows:
Tricky Terms
Thesaurus A tool that provides synonyms (words with similar meaning) for a given word
Bullet A dot or a symbol that marks an important line of information
Symbol A sign or a special character that can be inserted in an MS Word document
Memory Bytes
• MS Word checks spellings and marks underline. A green wavy underline shows
the misspelled words with a red wavy the grammatical mistakes.
57
• You can use the Thesaurus feature to find text in the document and replace it with
synonyms for words typed in the document another word or text.
and to replace a word with one of its • A bulleted list is used when the order of
synonyms. items in the list does not matter.
• The Change Case options available in • By default, MS Word uses a simple black
MS Word are Sentence case, lowercase, dot as a bullet.
UPPERCASE, Capitalize Each Word, and
• Symbols like a heart or a star can be
tOGGLE cASE.
inserted and formatted in a document just
• The Find and Replace commands can be like regular text.
combined to find a particular word or
E X E R C IS E S
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
bullet symbols five green thesaurus
a. A ........................... wavy line indicates a grammatical mistake.
b. A ........................... provides a list of synonyms for a given word.
c. Change Case has ........................... options.
d. You can mark an important line of information using a ............................ .
e. ......................... are special characters that can be inserted in an MS Word document.
2. Write T for the true statement and F for the false one.
a. Click Add to Dictionary in the Spelling and Grammar dialog box to add
the word to the MS Word dictionary. ........
b. The Thesaurus option is available under the Home tab. ........
c. The Bullets button is available in the Paragraph group of the Review tab. ........
d. By default, a black dot is used as a bullet in MS Word. ........
e. Each font has a separate set of symbols. ........
3. Write one word for the following.
a. Click this tab to get the Change Case option ..........................
b. The option used to search a given word ..........................
c. The Symbol option is available under this tab ..........................
d. The Bullet button is available in this group of the Home tab ..........................
e. Click this tab to find the Spellings & Grammar tool ..........................
4. Answer the following.
a. What do the red wavy lines in an MS Word document indicate?
b. What is the use of the Thesaurus option?
58
c. Which Change Case option will you use to get
i. all characters in capital letters ii. the first letter of each word in capital
d. Write the steps to remove bullets from an MS Word document.
e. Write the steps to apply the default numbering style in an MS Word document.
5. Choose the correct option.
a. A .......................-colored wavy line marks incorrect spellings.
i. red ii. green iii. blue iv. black
b. The Spelling & Grammar option is available in this group.
i. Home ii. Review iii. View iv. None of these
c. Which button will you click in the Spelling and Grammar dialog box if no correction
is required?
i. Ignore ii. Add to Dictionary iii. Ignore Once iv. Change All
d. The keyboard shortcut to check spelling and grammar.
i. F7 ii. F6 iii. F5 iv. F4
e. Find option is available in the ....................... group of the Home tab.
i. Font ii. Paragraph iii. Style iv. Editing
In the Lab
1. Write a paragraph in MS Word on the has won prizes. Help him create the list
topic ‘My Favourite Game’. Check using (a) bullets (b) numbers.
spelling and grammar. 4. The computer teacher has taught the
2. Create a document in MS Word and students how to insert symbols in an MS
make a list of your favourite movies, Word document. Archana has created
cartoon characters, and programmes the design shown below using some of
you like to watch on television. Have a these symbols. Use your imagination
separate heading for each and describe to create designs of your own using
the main character briefly. Symbols.
3. Sarthak has won prizes in various
competitions. His teacher has asked
him to create a document in MS Word
and make a list of events in which he
Teacher’s Notes
• The proper use of the Spelling & Grammar tool to correct spellings and grammatical mistakes could be demonstrated
to the students.
• Different options in the Find and Replace dialog box like Match case and Find Whole Words only could be explained.
• The importance of symbols in typing foreign words and phrases could also be demonstrated.
59