Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: _________________

US HISTORY HONORS
UNIT 1: CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION
CLOZE NOTES

Instructions: you may either complete these by hand OR digitally. Your name MUST be completed at the top to receive
credit. Text marking is not optional and is required. If you are completing these digitally, you can use the markup feature in
Adobe to text mark accordingly.

Text Marking: YELLOW = major key vocabulary GREEN = lesser vocabulary BLUE = key person
~ OR ~
= major key vocab = lesser vocab ___________ = key person

(Cloze Notes = 50 points per day. Text Marking = 25 points per day. For every response incorrect OR missed a
deduction of -3 points will be applied. See grading policy for Minor Assignments)

Introduction
The Union in Peril
Slavery divides the nation. North and South enter a long and destructive civil war that ends slavery. African Americans
briefly enjoy full civil rights, but new laws discriminate against them.

Day 1: The Divisive Politics of Slavery

Disagreements over slavery heighten regional tensions and leads to the breakup of the Union.

Video Questions (15 points – 3 points each):

1. The North liked to ______________ stuff. The South preferred ________________ stuff.
2. Lincoln gave a speech that the government could ________________ slavery. Slavery shouldn’t be allowed to
_______________ to _______________________ territories.
3. What Fort did the Confederates attack? _____________________

Bell Work IN (5 points): Make an inference. Why do you think the Southerners would want to increase the number of
slave states? ________________________________________________________________________________________
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The Divisive Politics of Slavery

Differences Between North and South

Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern sections of the United States developed into __________ very different
cultural and economic regions. It became known as ________________________ .
Controversy over Slavery Worsens
• Southern plantation economy relies on enslaved ________________ .
• Industrialized ____________________ does _______________ depend on slavery.
• ________________________ tries to spread slavery in _______________________ .
• North’s ______________________________ to slavery intensifies, tries to stop its spread.
Slavery in the Territories
Statehood for California
• The issue of whether slavery in ______________________ and the ________________ would be legal led to
highly _____________________ debated in _______________________ .
 • California applies for statehood as ___________________ state in _____________ , which angered the
_________________ .
The Compromise of 1850
• Southerners threatened __________________________ over the issue.
• _______________________________ of 1850 has provisions for both sides. Henry Clay worked a compromise.
For the ____________________ : California would be admitted as a ______________ state. For the
________________ : a more effective ____________________ slave law would be put into effect.
• Slave state ___________________ claims eastern half of New _____________________ Territory.
• Residents of New Mexico and Utah would vote themselves by the use of ______________________
___________________________ , or ________________________ vote, to decide the slavery issue.
Protest, Resistance, and Violence
Fugitive Slave Act
• Slaves were _______________________ trial by jury. Anyone caught helping were fined $1,000 and imprisoned
for ____________ months.
• Northerners _________________ the Act, and often helped send slaves to safety in _______________ .
The Underground Railroad
• Abolitionists develop _________________________ Railroad— ________________ routes from South.
• Harriet ________________ is conductor on ______ trips to free African Americans.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher ________________ increases protests.
• This book was written in ________________ and stressed the moral ________________ of slavery.
Tension in Kansas and Nebraska
• Kansas, Nebraska territories north of 3630’ line, were both ________________ to ________________ . This
contradicted the ____________________ Compromise 1820 (which was federal law to stop ________________
attempts to ________________ prohibit slavery’s ________________ ).
• 1854 ________________ - ________________ Act allows popular ( ________________ ) sovereignty on
________________ .
“Bleeding Kansas”
• ________________ settlers from ________________ cross the border to vote in ________________ to pad the
________________ in their favor.
• The fraudulent ________________ led to a violent struggle over slavery in ________________ .
New Political Parties Emerge
Slavery Divides Whigs
• Democrat Franklin Pierce elected President in 1852.
• Northern, Southern Whigs split over ________________ in ________________.
• Nativist Know-Nothings also ________________ by region over slavery.
The Free-Soilers’ Voice
• Free-Soilers ________________ slavery will drive down ________________ of white workers
The New Republican Party
• Republican Party forms in ____________ ; ________________ slavery in territories.
• Democrat James Buchanan elected president (1856); secession averted.
Conflicts Lead to Secession
The Dred Scott Decision
• Dred Scott, a slave taken to free territory by his ________________ , claimed he was a free man. The courts said
_________ . He ________________ . The Supreme Court ________________ his appeal stating that Scott has no
legal rights, and is not a citizen.
• This angered the ________________ . The South reads the ruling as guaranteed extension of slavery. Tension
________________ .
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1858 Senate race between Senator Stephen ________________ and Abraham Lincoln.
• Douglas wants ________________ sovereignty to decide if a state is free or a slave state.
• Lincoln considers slavery ________________ and wanted a constitutional amendment.
Harper’s Ferry
• John ________________ leads group of _______ black and white men to seize a large ________________ to start
a slave uprising (1859).
• Troops put down rebellion. Brown is tried, ________________ .
Lincoln Is Elected President
• 1860, Lincoln beats _____ candidates for President. He won _______ southern electoral votes. Southern states
were ________________ over his election.
Southern Secession
• Lincoln’s victory in the ___________________ convinced Southerners that they had to act quickly.
• South Carolina led the way, ________________ from the Union in December of _________ .
• Mississippi was next, then ________________ , Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, then Texas – 7 states!
• Southern delegates met in February 1861 and formed the ________________ States with ________________
________________ elected as President.
Bell Work OUT (5 points): Why was the debate over Kansas-Nebraska so bitter? Explain in detail.
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Day 2: The Civil War Begins

Shortly after the nation’s Southern states secede from the Union, war begins between the North and South.

Bell Work IN (5 points): What was the Dred Scott Decision AND why was it important? _________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Union and Confederate Forces Clash
Southern States Take Sides
• The first battle of the war was fought at Fort _________________ in South Carolina on April 12, __________ .
The ________________ fired first which was more that convinced other southern states to join the
_______________________ .
• Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee secede and join the Confederate side (South).
 • Now the Confederate states = _______
• Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri remain in _________________ (north).
• Virginia was internally _________________ on the issue as state with some wanting to remain with the
_________________ and others debating on joining the Confederacy. This split Virginia and _________________
Virginia was formed (who joined the _________________ ).
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Activity #1 (25 points): color your map according to the key on the smartboard. Be sure to use the corresponding colors
(or something close) and put a color key on your map with labels. Also, be sure to draw a red star and label Ft. Sumter.
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Strengths and Strategies
• Northern strengths: more _________________, factories, food production, more _________________ and better
_________________ .
• Southern strengths: cotton, first-rate _________________ with their Generals, highly _________________
soldiers.
• The Northern strategy - going into the war was a _________________ blockade if the ports going down the
Mississippi, which would split South in __________ . This would aide in the capture of the Confederate
_________________ city of _________________ , Virginia. This became known as the
______________________ __________________. It was to stop all _________________ on the
_________________ River so no cotton could be exported (stopping their _________________ ), and no war
material could be imported (no _________________ ).
• Southern strategy - they only had to _________________ their land, not _________________ the North.
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Activity #2 (10 points): draw and label The Anaconda Plan on your map correctly.
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Bull Run
• The _________________ major battle occurred near Washington, DC. The Confederates had a
_________________ .
• Thomas J. _________________ called Stonewall Jackson for firm stand in battle.
Union Armies in the West
• General Ulysses S. _________________ pushes _________________; captures forts, and wins at
_________________ .
• David G. _________________ takes New _________________, which is the Confederacy’s busiest port.

The War for the Capitals

• Robert E. _________________ (South) takes command of the Confederate Army in ____________:
o he drives General George McClellan (North) from _________________
o then Lee loses at _________________, _________________ one-day battle with 26,000 deaths in ONE
DAY!
• General Lee and the Confederates _________________ and General McClellan (South) was _________________
from command by President _________________ when he did not follow…he literally just let the battered
Confederates _________________ .
A Bloody Stalemate of 1862
It takes most of the first _________________ for the North to get a _________________ …or at least to not lose. Because
of this, the war began to slow down. Neither side can take the other’s _________________ either.
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Activity #3 (10 points): draw and label The Battle of Antietam on your map correctly.
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The Politics of War
Britain Remains Neutral
• Britain does _________ need cotton, does need _________________ goods so they remained _________________
through the ____________ .
Proclaiming Emancipation
• Emancipation Proclamation empowers the army to _________________ Confederate _________________ .
• This gave soldiers a moral _________________ but it also became a _________________ of war. A compromise
no longer possible.
• Lincoln freed slaves because the _________________ wouldn’t join the _________________ . Slaves were used
to build forts and move supplies in the south. War was not about _________________ slaves, it was instead used
as a means to _________________ the _________________ .
North Had Its Advantages
• The North and South were ______________ evenly matched.
• The North had many advantages including:
• More _________________
• More _________________
• More _________________ production
• More _________________
• Better communication
South Had Its Advantages
• The South had some advantages over the Northern forces
• First rate _________________ leadership.
• Highly motivated _________________ .
• Only had to defend their land – not attack North.
Life During Wartime
War Leads to Social Upheaval
• Casualties, desertions lead to _________________ on both sides
• Conscription— _________________ that _________________ men to enlist; leads to draft riots
African Americans Fight for Freedom
• African Americans are _______ % of _________________ population, ______ % of army
• Serve in separate regiments, paid _________________ than whites for most of war
Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides
• Soldiers often _________________ from camp filth, limited _________________, poor medical care
• Prisons overcrowded, _________________ ; many die of malnutrition, disease
Women Work to Improve Conditions
• Thousands of _________________ serve as _________________ for both sides.
 • Union nurse Clara _________________ later founds the American Red _________________ . She was known as
the “ _________________ on the _________________ .”
The War Affects Regional Economies
• Confederacy faces _________________ shortage, increased _________________, inflation
• Union army’s need for supplies supports _________________ industry
• North’s standard of living _________________
• Congress enacts income tax (percentage of income) to pay for ____________
Bell Work OUT (5 points): Why were Northern factories and railroads so advantageous to the Union’s war efforts?
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Day 3: The North Takes Charge
After four years of bloody fighting, the Union wears down the Confederacy and wins the war.

Bell Work IN (5 points): Why was control of the Mississippi River so important to the Union?
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The Tide Turns
Southern Victories
• December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863, Chancellorsville
The Battle of Gettysburg
• The North wins decisive 3-day battle in July 1863 in Virginia at the Battle of _________________ .
• The Union had 90,000 troops under General George _________________ and the Confederates had 75,000 under
General Robert E. _________________ . Lee gave up hope of invading the North.
• Total casualties were more than ______ % and the _________________ was demoralized.
The Gettysburg Address
• Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at _________________ dedication.
• The speech lasted less than _______ minutes; but he _________________ the nation.
• Speech helps country realize it is a _________________ nation.
Grant Wins at Vicksburg
• In the spring of 1863, General Ulysses S. _________________ (North) fought to take _________________ ,
Mississippi.
• He ordered two frontal attacks on Vicksburg.
• He succeeded in _________________ the Confederate forces.
• This became known as the _________________ _________________.
The Confederacy Wears Down
Confederates Seek Peace
• Confederacy was no longer able to _________________ and begins working towards an armistice after the
_________________ _________________ at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
• Southern soldiers began _________________. Newspapers, legislators, and the general public in the south call for
_________________.
Total War
• Lincoln appoints General _________________ commander of all Union Armies (1864)
• Grant appoints William T. _________________ as Western Commander.
• Grant, Sherman wage _________________ war to destroy South’s will to fight.
• Grant’s strategy to decimate General Lee’s (South) army while Sherman raids _________________ .
Sherman’s March
• Spring 1864, General Sherman (North) creates a path of destruction through Georgia to the coast.
• They burned _________________ , livestock and destroyed _________________ .
• After reaching the sea, his troops along with _________________ former slaves turned Northward.
The Election of 1864
• Despite the war, _________________ continued in the North and a presidential _________________ was held in
1964.
• While some Northerners were dismayed as to the length of the war, and Lincoln was _____________________
about his re-election, he did end up _________________ General George McClellan easily.
Lee Surrenders to Grant
• On April 3, 1965, Union troops conquered Richmond, Virginia – the _________________ of the Confederacy.
• On April 9, 1965 in the town of ___________________ , Virginia, General Lee met General Grant to arrange the
_________________ of the Confederacy.
• At Lincoln’s request, the terms were very _________________ towards the south.
The War Changes the Nation
Human Cost of the War
• Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers die
Political and Economic Changes
• Civil War increases _________________, authority of _________________ government
• _________________ economy _________________: industry, _________________ destroyed
A Revolution in Warfare
• Developments in military _________________ make fighting more deadly
• Ironclad ships change _________________ warfare
The Thirteenth Amendment
• Thirteenth Amendment outlawed _________________ in all states and was ratified in 1865.
Lincoln Is Assassinated
• April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at _________________ Theater in Washington, DC.
• The assassin, John Wilkes _________________, escapes but was later trapped by _________________ cavalry
and _________________ .
• ______ million people came to pay their respects to Lincoln’s at the funeral (1/3 of the population).
• Lincoln was the _________________ President assassinated.

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Homework Assignment (25 points): on a piece of paper or a notecard and in complete sentences, answer the question:
HOW WOULD YOU REBUILD THE NATION? It is up to YOU to come up with a place to rebuild this nation. What is
your plan? Keep these factors in mind when answering:
a) How strict would you be on the South? Why?
b) Would you punish Southerners? Who exactly? How?
c) How would you protect freed slaves?
d) What would you require Southern states to do before being allowed back in the Union?
e) Would you make the South repay the North? How?
Bring your response to NEXT CLASS for opening whole class discussion before we embark upon Reconstruction of the
Nation.
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Bell Work OUT (5 points): What was the 13th Amendment? _______________________________________________
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Day 4: Reconstruction & Its Effects
After the Civil War, the nation embarks on a period known as Reconstruction, during which attempts are made to readmit
the South to the Union. The US government tried to help rebuild the south and give rights to former slaves.

Bell Work IN (5 points): In what way was the Emancipation Proclamation a part of Lincoln’s military strategy?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Activity (5 points each x 3 = 15 points). Three fact for EACH video. Write your responses on a separate piece of paper
and submit for grading. Use complete sentences to receive the most credit. DUE TODAY.
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Overview of the end of The Civil War and Beginning of the Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction was __________ popular with a lot white Southerners.
They did not like that freed slaves were getting more _________________ .
They did not like that _________________ from the _________________ were in the South protecting the rights of the
_________________ slaves.
President Rutherford B. Hayes _________________ The ________________________ in 1877.
He was getting a lot of _________________ from people in the South who were angry with how the Reconstruction was
_________________ freed slaves.
The Politics of Reconstruction
The politics of The Reconstruction was complicated by the fact that _________________, his VP and successor Andrew
_________________ , and the _________________ all had different ideas of how Reconstruction should be handled.
Building a New South
• _________________ Bureau provides social services, medical care, education. It was headed up by Oliver O.
_________________ , a Union Officer. This Act included: money for _________________ , hospitals, social
services, _________________ and help with labor contracts and discrimination cases.
• Reconstruction—U.S. _________________ , readmits South into Union (1865–1877)
Lincoln’s Plan – _________ % Plan
• Lincoln made it clear that he favored a _________________ Reconstruction policy.
• His 10% Plan called for a pardon of Confederates who would swear allegiance to the Union through an oath.
 • When 10% of the voting population of each _________________ took the oath, the state would be re-admitted
_________________ into the _________________ .
Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction
• Andrew _________________ , Lincoln’s successor, forms his _________________ plan.
• He _________________ Confederate leaders and wealthy _________________ from the oath but did
_________________ 13,000 people while maintaining that “ _________________ men alone must manage the
_________________ .”
• Congress _________________ new Southern governments and congressmen.
Congressional Reconstruction
Congress passes…
1. Civil Rights Act of _________________ . This law gave African Americans _________________ and forbade
states from passing laws that discriminate against former slaves ( _________________ Codes).
2. Freedmen’s _________________ Act.
3. Fourteenth Amendment grants full _________________ to African Americans. This provided legal backing to the
Civil Rights Act. It _________________ the Dred Scot decision. Remember this?
• Reconstruction Act of 1867 _________________ the Confederacy into _________________.
So, why were these people SO angry?
Many white Southerners were angry that freed slaves were getting all of these rights for many reasons:
• During slavery white Southerners thought that black people were not equal to them.
• _________________ Southerners were afraid that with all of these rights, black people would take over
_________________ and make their lives _________________ .
• Many white people in the South were _________________ (a person who does not like someone based on the
color of their skin).
Johnson _____________________
• The House of Representatives _________________ President Johnson for _________________ Reconstruction
efforts but the _________________ does _______ _________________ .
Ulysses S. Grant Elected President
• Civil War here Ulysses S. _________________ was elected president in 1868; wins 9 of 10 African-American
votes.
Thaddeus Stevens
• Was a member of the House of Representatives, and one of the leaders of the _________________ Republican
Party during the 1860s.
• He was a fierce _________________ of slavery and discrimination _________________ African Americans.
• He sought to _________________ their _________________
• Be fought fiercely to _________________ the Confederacy.
th
15 AMENDMENT
• Soon after Grant’s election, Congress passed the 15th Amendment.
 • This Amendment stated that no one could be kept from _________________ because of “race, color, or previous
servitude.”
• The 15th Amendment was _________________ in 1870.
Reconstructing Society
Conditions in the Postwar South
• By 1870, ___________ former Confederate states have rejoined _________________
• Republican governments begin public works _________________ , social services
Politics in the Postwar South
• _________________ — _________________ who joined Republicans, want to improve position
• _________________ — _________________ Republicans, moved to the South after the war
• Many Southern whites reject higher status, equal rights for blacks
• African Americans – former slaves – 90% of whom were _____________________ .
Bell Work OUT (5 points): What did Lee hope to gain by invading the North?
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Day 5: Wrapping Up The Reconstruction Era

Bell Work IN (5 points): Why was the African American vote so important to the Republicans?
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Former Slaves Improve Their Lives
• Freedmen found own _________________. Ministers become community _________________ .
• Republican governments and church groups founded _________________ and universities.
• Thousands move to reunite with their families and found jobs.
African Americans in Reconstruction
• There were few black officeholders. _________________ Revels became the first black _________________ .
Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
• ______________________ —to farmland owned by another and being allowed to keep only _________________
of the _________________
• _________________ farmers is when blacks paid to rent land from the owners.
The Collapse of Reconstruction
The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Ku Klux Klan – a southern _________________ group formed from upset Confederate _________________
whose goal was to:
o destroy Republicans, aid the _________________ class, and _________________ African Americans.
o to achieve goals, the KKK _________________ thousands of men, women, children.
• _________________ Acts of 1870 and 1871 upheld federal power in South.
• In 1872, the _________________ Act passes and the Freedmen’s Bureau _________________ .
• It reached its peak at ______ million members in the 1920s.
Support for Reconstruction Fades
• Republicans _________________ ; panic of 1873 distracts _________________ attention
• Supreme Court rules against Radical Republican changes
Democrats “Redeem” the South
• A lack of Republican _________________ in the South and an economic _________________ that diverted
attention from Southern issues caused Democrats to regain _________________ of the South again in the 1876
election.
• Called the “ _________________ ” these politicians were out to reclaim Southern culture, pride and tradition.
• All of this _________________ the Reconstruction by 1877.
• So, what happened?

• The election of 1876 was a tie.

• Compromise of 1877:
• Democrats “allowed” Republicans to win;
• North takes _________________ out of _________________ .
• Reconstruction officially ends in 1877…
• Democrats _________________ power in South through Home _________________
• Democrats can bring back the Old South (a.k.a. Home Rule)
• The troops from the North were ordered to _________________ !
• The Freedman’s _________________ was _________________ down.
• There was no one in the South to make sure newly freed slaves were guaranteed their rights.
Here’s a glimpse at what happened…
• Even though the rights of _________________ people are supposed to be protected in the Bill of
_________________ and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, African Americans were not given their rights in
the _________________ .
• How did the racist Southerners take away the rights of African Americans?
Jim Crow Laws
The South created _________________ laws:
• Jim Crow Laws were laws in the South that were unfair to African Americans and used to take away their
_________________ .
Nadir (low point) of Race Relations
Civil Rights Act of 1875 and the 14th Amendment supposed to _________________ Black Civil Rights…
Instead Jim Crow Laws were developed that _________________ separated the races in all parts of Southern society:
– Education, public restrooms, theatres, trains…
How did they take away rights?
• They made African Americans pay a _________________ tax to vote. Why is this a problem?
• They made separate _________________ for African Americans and White people, but did not give money to the
African American schools. Why is this a problem?
• They did not call African Americans to do _________________ duty. Why is this a problem?
_________________ v. Ferguson 1896
The US Supreme Court officially approved _________________ facilities.
“Separate but Equal”
• The court found that states could legally separate the races by providing “separate but _________________ ”
facilities.
• This, according to the Court, would not violate the _________________ protection clause of the ___________
Amendment.
• Of course, from schools to waiting rooms at train stations the facilities were _________________ equal.
Segregation
• Segregation: separates people by the _________________ of their skin.
• The Jim Crows Laws in the South segregated all _________________ places: waiting rooms, schools, hospitals,
hotels, restaurants, water fountains, etc....
HOME RULE: The _________________ gets the _________________ back
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Activity – You Be The Judge Writing Prompt (50 points). How did the Jim Crow Laws and groups like the Ku Klux
Klan destroy all of the things that Reconstruction was trying to do? Be sure to explain each (compare and contrast).
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Bell Work OUT (5 points): How did the election of 1866 affect the process of Reconstruction?
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