GROWTH IMPROVEMENT OF BROILER CHICKEN USING KUBI FEEDS

_____________________

A Research Work
Presented to the Faculty
of the Antonio P. Villar National High School
Sto. Tomas, Pangasinan

_____________________

In partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Research Project

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By:

Hiena Mae E. Arroyo

Background of the study

The chicken is the most exploited species of poultry, which is utilized for

food production in the whole world. Scientific researchers have been done on this

species for past centuries and it is still the focus of the present and future

experimentation. In the Philippines chicken rank first, while ducks rank second in

economic importance as source of meat and eggs. The chicken broiler and egg

production are the most progressive in the Philippines today. The poultry industry

is in fact begun as the backyard enterprise but has shifted to the formation of

very large integrated contract farming operations.

There is a tremendous amount of science and animal husbandry that goes

into today’s breeding of chickens, to ensure size and sustainability never comes

at the expense of the birds’ health or welfare. While chickens today are bred to

grow faster, they’re also bred to grow stronger and healthier than ever before,

while requiring fewer natural resources to raise.

In short, there’s a lot more to the chicken and egg story than just the birds

and the bees. Farmers and scientists have strengthened the genetic lines of their

flocks by identifying which animals are the healthiest and strongest, and then

breeding them together. Today’s chicken breeders use DNA mapping and animal

health diagnostic tools to detect underlying traits like heart health, susceptibility
to disease, bone density and joint health to identify the best birds to breed,

improving both the health and size of the next generation of chickens.

And with consumer demand comes more choice. A chicken’s growth rate

is measured by how long it takes the chicken to reach market weight. No matter

how it is bred, chicken is a tremendous protein source, incredibly versatile, and

one of the most efficient proteins – meaning for every pound of feed and every

gallon of water we invest in our birds, we get back a larger amount of meat than

with most other livestock and poultry.

Statement of the Problem:

2. Determine the average body weight gain and average weekly gain.

3. Determine the average feed consumption and average feed efficiency.

4. Determine the average kubi feeds; and

5. Return above feed and supplementation cost.

Research Hypothesis

The following hypotheses are tested in their null form at 0.05 alpha level of

significance.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is delimited to 20 broiler chickens. The investigation will focus

on determining the growth improvement of broiler chickens and that may help the
poultry improve. This study will be conducted at Occiano’s residence, Salvacion,

Sto. Tomas, Pangasinan. It will start on February 5, 2018 and will end on March

19, 2018.

Significance of the Study

The result of this research work will benefit the following groups of people.

Students. With this study they can easily weight what is the best and

suitable care for them.

Parents. The result of this study will reveal the quality care needs to be

improved, in particular area of the healthcare, the facilities and the services, that

may benefit the parents.

Teachers. This study may help the teachers on deciding what is better for

securing the safety of their health, and also send the students in safer healthcare

in case of emergency.

Community. With this study the Patients’ evaluation of care is a can

provide opportunity for improvement, enhance decision making, reduce cost,

meet patients' expectations, frame strategies for effective management, monitor

healthcare performance of health plans and provide benchmarking across the

healthcare institutions for the community.

Definition of Terms

To facilitate understanding to this present research work the following

terms are defined theoretically and operationally.

Growth. The process of increasing in physical size.

state considered to be better, usually through some action intended to bring

about that better state.

Broiler Chicken. A broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) is any chicken

that is bred and raised specifically for meat production.

Kubi feeds. Is an organic feed which is made up of Kuhol and bigas.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the local and foreign literatures and studies

beneficial to this present research work.

Foreign Literature

Animals need adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients in order for

them to stay healthy and productive and basically these required nutrients varies

in the quantity depending on its species, age productive state, environmental

condition and lastly to its disease status (Anonymous 2011).

In 2009, Aviagen stated that successful broiler production dependents

upon supplying the birds with feed of the highest achievable quality, in terms of

ingredients used, processing procedures applied and finally the form in which the

feed is presented to the birds.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains in detail the methodology used in gathering the

information necessary in this study. It discusses the research design, sampling

technique and procedure, data gathering procedure and the data gathering

instrument used in this present study. The steps involved were elaborated in

details and have been carried out systematically in order to achieve a high

degree of reliability and validity.

Research Design

Burns and Grove define a research design as “a blueprint for conducting a

study with maximum control over factors that may interfere with the validity of the

findings”. Parahoo) describes a research design as “a plan that describes how,

when and where data are to be collected and analysed”. Polit et al (2009:167)

define a research design as “the researcher’s overall for answering the research

question or testing the research hypothesis”.

In this study we will use the Experimental Design in which it is a

systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher

manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any change in

other variables.

Experimental Research is often used where:

1. There is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect)

to the same effect)

3. The magnitude of the correlation is great.

The word experimental research has a range of definitions. In the strict

sense, experimental research is what we call a true experiment.

This is an experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable, and

control/randomizes the rest of the variables. It has a control group, the subjects

have been randomly assigned between the groups, and the researcher only tests

one effect at a time. It is also important to know what variable(s) you want to test

and measures.

The researcher will discover the correlations between the growth and

improvement of chicken broiler using Kubi feeds. Correlative research means to

measures two variables of interest with little or no attempt to control extraneous

variables and then assesses the relationship between them.

Subjects of the Study

The respondents of the study are in two groups: Group 1 as a controlled

group while Group 2 as an experimental group. Composed of 10 broiler chickens

in each group.

Facilities and Equipment

Poultry facilities and essential equipment such as chicken poultry cage,

waterers, feeding troughs, 50 watts incandescent bulbs, pail, stick broom, clean
empty sacks, old newspapers, record book and electronic weighing scale will be

used during the study.

Experimental Animals

A total of twenty (20) heads of 14 days-old broiler chicks, regardless of

sex, will be used in this study. There were four (4) treatments and replicated

three times with five birds in each replication.

Experimental Design and Treatment

The study will be laid to simple Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

during the study. The birds were randomly distributed into four treatments,

replicated three times with five birds in each replication. The different treatments

were as follows:

Treatment 1= 100% Commercial feeds + 0% Azolla meal

Treatment 2= 97% Commercial feeds + 3% Azolla meal

Treatment 3= 94% Commercial feeds + 6% Azolla meal

Treatment 4= 91% Commercial feeds + 9% Azolla meal

Preparation of Azolla Meal

Fresh azolla was collected at Pangantucan, Bukidnon and other was

propagated and harvested at Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon. It was washed prior

to drying to eliminate contaminants that can affect the quality of the feed. The

Drying of azolla was through air to prevent volatilization of nitrogen from the

plant. Drying done until the azolla is crispy enough to mill. The dried azolla was
coarsely ground to assure that the treatment would be eaten by the birds.

Chicken prefers coarse feeds than fine feeds. The azolla meal was then mixed to

commercial feeds. The level of azolla meal mixed with commercial ration

depends on the treatment assigned.

Dry matter of azolla meal was analyzed at Soil and Plant Analysis

Laboratory, Central Mindanao University to analyze the nutrient content of the

different dietary treatments. According to analysis the azolla meal used during

the study had 92.97% DM.

Care and Management of the Experimental Birds

About one week before the arrival of chicks, all facilities and equipment

including the area were cleaned and disinfected to eliminate the disease-causing

organisms.

The day-old chicks were brooded up to 14 days. Bulbs were turned on

during day and night to keep them warm and encourage eating. The cages were

closed specially during night to minimize heat loss from the cage. Old

newspapers were used as beddings during brooding to avoid damage to the feet

and legs of the chicks and as insulator. During brooding the feeds were put on

the newspapers for the chicks could pick-up the feeds easily. Feeding troughs

were used after brooding to avoid losses. Canvas and old tarpaulin were used as

roofing of the chicken house. Birds were fed with commercial feeds with azolla

meal for every morning and afternoon. Water was also supplied every morning

and afternoon. For the first day until fourteenth day of life of chicks they were fed
with chick booster mash alone, as adjustment period. The chicks in fourteenth

day of life were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments. Broiler starter

crumble with different levels of azolla meal was fed to the chicks from fifteenth

day to thirty fifth day (15 to 35 day). Gradual change of feeds was applied.

Waterers were washed before they were used. Sacks were used to cover

the sides of the cages to avoid the entry of other animals that would scatter the

manure. The manure was removed every day during brooding and every seven

days for succeeding days until termination. Rice hulls were spread on the dung.

Proper sanitation and managements were observed during the entire

Sampling Procedure:

Random sampling is used in this study. To make sure that all broiler chickens will

be evaluated. Sampling groups correctly is especially important when we have

more than one condition in the experiment. One sample group often serves as a

control group, whilst others are tested under the experimental conditions.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following are the step by step procedure to be followed in the conduct

of this research work. The data gathered are the average initial weight, average

final weight, average body weight gain, average weekly weight gain, average

total feed consumption, average feed efficiency, average kubi feeds

consumption, and return above feed and supplementation cost.

Date gathered were derived using the following formula:

 
Feed Consumption = Total weight of feeds given – left over
 
Feed Efficiency =

 
Kubi Meal Consumption= Feed Intake x % Kubi feeds
 
Return above Feed and Supplementation Cost=

Statistical Analysis

All data gathered were organized, tabulated and analyzed statistically using

ANOVA in a simple Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The Duncan’s

Multiple Ranged Test (DMRT) was used to compare any significant treatment.
 References:

https://en.engormix.com/poultry-industry/articles/growth-performance-

broiler-chicken-t36472.htm

he general objective of the study was to determine and evaluate the growth
performance of broiler chicken fed commercial ration supplemented with varying
levels of azolla meal.
Specifically, the study aimed to:
1. Determine the average initial and average final weight of broiler chicken;
2. Determine the average body weight gain and average daily gain;
3. Determine the average feed consumption and average feed efficiency;
4. Determine the average azolla meal consumption; and
5. Return above feed and supplementation cost.
Time and Place of the Study
The study was conducted at Lagua’s Residence, P-16, Musuan, Maramag,
Bukidnon. It was started on January 3, 2013 and ended on January 24, 2013. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS
duration of the study.
Data Gathered
The data gathered were the average initial weight, average final weight, average
body weight gain, average daily weight gain, average total feed consumption,
average feed efficiency, average azolla meal consumption, and return above feed
and supplementation cost.
Data gathered were derived using the following formula:
Initial Weight = Weight of the experimental animals at the start of the feeding
period
Final Weight = Weight of the experimental animals at the end of the feeding
period of 35 days
Body Weight Gain = Final Weight – Initial Weight
 
Average Daily Gain =
 
Feed Consumption = Total weight of feeds given – left over
 
Feed Efficiency =

 
Azolla Meal Consumption= Feed Intake x % Azolla meal
 
Return Above Feed and Supplementation Cost=

 
Statistical Analysis
All data gathered were organized, tabulated and analyzed statistically using
ANOVA in a simple Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The Duncan’s
Multiple Ranged Test (DMRT) was used to compare any significant treatment
means. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Results of the study showed non-significant differences among treatment means
in average initial weight and in average feed consumption. However, the highest
average initial weight was observed in Treatment 2 with 326.00 grams compared
to Treatment 1 (324.33 grams), Treatment 3 (320.00 grams) and Treatment 4
(308.33 grams). Treatment 3 had the highest in average feed consumption with
1799.00 grams.
Significant differences (P<0.05) among treatment means were observed in
average final body weight and average feed efficiency of the birds in favor to
Treatment 1 with 1263.13 grams final weight and with efficiency of 1.88. However,
Treatment 2 (1217.00 grams and 1.98) and Treatment 3 (1259.33 grams and
1.92) had comparable average final weight and average feed efficiency to
Treatment 1. Birds in Treatment 4 had the lowest average final weight with
1154.33 grams and the poorest feed converter with 2.07.
Birds fed with 6% azolla meal (Treatment 3) had the highest averages in terms of
body weight gain (939.33 grams) and daily weight gain (44.73 grams). Both
parameters showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) among treatment
means. Slow growth was observed in the birds under Treatment 4 with the
average body weight gain and average daily weight gain of 848.00 grams and
40.29 grams, respectively.
Average azolla meal consumption showed highly significant differences (P<0.01)
among treatment means. As expected, Treatment 4 had the highest azolla meal
consumption followed by Treatments 3, 2 and 1.
Economic analysis showed that the highest return per head of the bird was in
Treatment 3 with Php 40.32. Slight difference was observed in Treatment 1 with a
return of Php 39.02. Php 36.02 and Php 31.52 were the return of Treatment 2 and
Treatment 4, respectively.
From the above results, the author concluded that supplementation of azolla meal
on the ration of broiler chicken up to 6% showed no negative effect on the growth
performance of the broiler chicken and is highly recommended. Excessive usage
of Azolla meal beyond the recommended level would have negative effect on the
growth performance of the chicken due to high fiber content. Azolla meal is a
cheap source of quality protein feedstuff and it may increase the profit by
decreasing the cost of feeds. However, further study with the same objectives is
recommended to find out the consistency of the study with other poultry species. 
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