Epdu EE-182,183,196,202 Pre Lab 1: British Standard Wire Gauge Is A Set of Wire Sizes Given by

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EPDU EE-182,183,196,202 Pre Lab 1

Q1. How to convert gauge into mm?

Ans. British Standard Wire Gauge is a set of wire sizes given by BS 3737:1964 (the
standard is now withdrawn), and is generally abbreviated to SWG. Use of SWG sizes has
fallen greatly in popularity, but is still used as a measure of thickness in guitar strings and
some electrical wire. The basis of the system is the mil, or 0.001 inches.

Wire diameter calculation


The n gauge wire diameter dn in millimeters (mm) is equal to 0.127mm times 92 raised to
the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39:

dn (mm) = 0.127 mm × 92(36-n)/39


 
0.127mm is the diameter of gauge #36.
 A standard table is also available which can be used directly to refer different sizes of
wires, to see their dia and area (in mm2).

Q2. What is meant by 7/44 in core power cables (mostly used term in household
electrical wires)?

Ans. Stranded wires are specified with three numbers, the overall AWG size, the number of
strands, and the AWG size of a strand. The number of strands and the AWG of a strand are
separated by a slash.

In other words, It is usually interpreted as strand_count/gauge per strand or strand


count/cross-sectional area or else, strand count/strand diameter .

7/44 = 7/0.044 = 7 strands of 0.044" diameter each.

7 is the number of conductors and 44 is wire gauge (either in diameter or cross sectional
area).

 http://wiredpakistan.com
 http://electronics.stackexchange.com/

Q3. What is meant by 6.35kV/11kV insulation of power cable?

Ans. 6.35/11 Kv:It means that insulation level between each core and earth is 6.35Kv while
11Kv between phase conductors.

AC cables are designed to be suitable for specific design voltages, which is called the
"Voltage Grade" (or "Voltage Designation", "Voltage Class" or "Voltage Rating") of the cable.
The voltage grade is commonly expressed in the following form: 

Where   is the power frequency voltage between phase and earth (V rms)
EPDU EE-182,183,196,202 Pre Lab 1

 is the power frequency voltage between two phase conductors (V rms)
For example, some standard IEC voltage grades are 0.6/1kV, 1.9/3.3kV, 3.8/6.6kV,
6.35/11kV, 12.7/22kV, 19/33kV, etc.

The manufacturer designs the cable (i.e. insulation, bedding, sheaths, etc) for the specified
voltage grade. A cable can therefore be operated at voltages that do not exceed the voltage
grade, e.g. a 0.6/1kV cable can be operated for any phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase
voltages not exceeding 0.6kV and 1kV respectively. We may notice that LV cables are
mainly specified to 0.6/1kV cables even though they are operated are much lower voltages
(e.g. 240/415V, 220/380V, etc). This is due to the fact that the mechanical requirements of
the insulation thickness are greater than the electrical requirements.

 http://www.openelectrical.org/

Q4. Why stranded conductors are used in power cables?

Ans. Stranded wire is helpful, especially in larger wire sizes to enable more flexibility in
routing of the wire and offers more durability for applications where vibration and occasional
movement of the wire could cause breakage of a stiffer solid wire or rigid stranded
conductors.

Stranded wire is more flexible than solid wire of the same total cross-sectional area.
Stranded wire tends to be a better conductor than solid wire because the individual wires
collectively comprise a greater surface area. Stranded wire is used when higher resistance
to metal fatigue is required. 

In a transmission line, voltage is stepped up to a very high value. This is so as to take


advantage of lower line current and smaller conductor size. At these potentials, however,
like charges repel, so most of the current flow is along the skin of the conductor. Stranded
conductors, even wound wire over insulating rope, is more efficient, and more cost
effective, than solid conductors. 

 http://mechanicallugs.com/stranded-vs-solid

Q5. Why strands are twisted in power cables?

Ans. strands are twisted in power cables to cancel the effects of magnetic fields of wires.

Q6. What are the standard testing procedures after construction of a power cable?

Q7.What is meant by 285mm2? (Area of a single core or overall area of cable)?

Ans. 285mm2 is the Area of a single core. It can be calculated by the following method:

N=1+3n(n+1) ; N=number of strands, n=number of layers.

Then, Diameter is calculated by: D=(1+2n)*d; d=dia of one strand, and D=Dia of a single
core.
2
Then area can be calculated by A=π (d / 2) .
EPDU EE-182,183,196,202 Pre Lab 1

Q8. Why Aluminium is preferred in overhead lines?

Ans. For more than 90 years aluminum has been used by electric utilities for the
transmission and distribution of electrical power. Although it’s almost completely replacing
copper for overhead applications. Of all the known nonprecious metals, aluminum ranks
second only to copper in volume conductivity.

Aluminium is preferred over copper in overhead lines because it possesses a conductivity-


to-weight ratio twice that of copper and its strength-to-weight ratio is 30% greater than
copper. Its weight is 0.3027 times the weight of copper.

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