Topic vocabulary: Change

adapt 1. Thích nghi

 to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully
with a new situation
 verb  SYNONYM adjust
/əˈdæpt/  Ex: It's amazing how soon you adapt.
2. Điều chỉnh, thay đổi
 to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use
or situation
 SYNONYM modify
 Ex: These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.

adjust 1. Điều chỉnh, tinh chỉnh

 to change something slightly to make it more suitable for a new
set of conditions or to make it work better
verb   Ex: Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed
/əˈdʒʌst/ accordingly.
2. Thích nghi
 to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave
and/or think
 SYNONYM adapt
 Ex: They'll be fine—they just need time to adjust.

alternate *VERB
1, Lần lượt, xếp lần lượt
  alternate A and B/ alternate A with B
 verb, adjective  to make things or people follow one after the other in a
 /ɔːlˈtɜːnət/ repeated pattern
 Ex: Alternate cubes of meat and slices of red pepper.
2, Xen kẽ, thay đổi qua lại
 alternate between A and B
 to keep changing from one thing to another and back again
 Ex: Her mood alternated between happiness and despair.
*ADJECTIVE
1, Xen kẽ, luân phiên
 alternate between A and B to keep changing from one thing to
another and back again
 Ex: Her mood alternated between happiness and despair.
2, Cách nhật
 alternate between A and B to keep changing from one thing to
another and back again
 Ex: Her mood alternated between happiness and despair.

alternative *NOUN
Sự lựa chọn (giữa hai hoặc nhiều khả năng)
 a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more
noun possibilities
 /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/  Ex: The car is too expensive so we're trying to find a cheaper
alternative.
*ADJECTIVE
Khác
 that can be used instead of something else
 Ex: Do you have an alternative solution?

amend Sửa đổi, cải thiện (cho tốt hơn)

 to change a law, document, statement, etc. slightly in order to
correct a mistake or to improve it
 verb  Ex: He asked to see the amended version.
 /əˈmend/

conservative 1. Bảo thủ

 opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you
prefer traditional styles and values
 adjective   Ex: the conservative views of his parents
/kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ 2. Dè dặt, ước lượng, ít hơn so với thực tế
 lower than what is probably the real amount or number
 Ex: At a conservative estimate, he'll be earning £50 000.

convert *VERB
1. Chuyển đổi, đổi
 to change or make something change from one form, purpose,
 verb, noun system, etc. to another
/kənˈvɜːt/  Ex: You need to ensure that you've converted the data
properly.
2. Chuyển hóa
 convert into/to something
 to be able to be changed from one form, purpose, or system to
another
 Ex: In fruits, starch converts into sugar.
3. Chuyển đổi tôn giáo, chuyển đổi phái đảng
 To change your religion or beliefs; to make somebody change
their religion or beliefs
 Ex: She converted to Judaism to marry him.
*NOUN
Người cải đạo
 a person who has changed their religion, beliefs or opinions
 Ex: Pope Clement was a convert from paganism.

decay *VERB
Suy tàn, suy sụp ( quốc gia, gia đình,..)
Hư nát ( nhà cửa…)
 verb, noun Suy nhược (sức khỏe)
  Thối rửa (quả, thức ăn)
/dɪˈkeɪ/ Sâu, mục (răng, xương, gỗ)
 to become gradually damaged, worse, or less; to cause
something to do this:
  Ex: Sugar makes your teeth decay.
 Ex: The role of the extended family has been decaying for some
time.
*NOUN
 the process of decaying:
 Ex: tooth decay
 Ex: The buildings had started to fall into decay

deteriorate Suy giảm, làm hư hỏng, làm giảm giá trị, làm xấu hơn
 to become worse
 Ex: Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly
 verb afterwards.
 /dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt/

distort 1. Vặn vẹo, biến dạng

 to change the shape, appearance or sound of something so
that it is strange or not clear
 verb  Ex: The loudspeaker seemed to distort his voice.
 /dɪˈstɔːt/ 2. Bóp méo, xuyên tạc
 to change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct or
true
 Ex: Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth.

dynamic 1. Năng nổ, sôi nổi

 aving a lot of energy and a strong personality
 Ex: He was a dynamic young advertising executive.
 adjective  2. Năng động
/daɪˈnæmɪk/  always changing and making progress
 Ex: The business has managed to change and remain dynamic.

endure 1. Chịu đựng, cam chịu

 to experience and deal with something that is painful or
unpleasant without giving up
 verb  SYNONYM bear
 /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/  Ex: They had to endure a long wait before the case came to
trial.
2. Kéo dài, trường tồn
 to continue to exist for a long time
 SYNONYM last
 Ex: a success that will endure

evolve 1. Phát triển

 to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more
complicated form; to develop something in this way
 verb   evolve (from something) (into something)
/ɪˈvɒlv/  Ex: The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.
2. Tiến triển, tiến hóa
 (of plants, animals, etc.) to develop over time, often many
generations, into forms that are better adapted to survive
 changes in their environment
 evolve (from something)
 Ex: The three species evolved from a single ancestor.

influence *VERB
1. Ảnh hưởng
 to affect or change how someone or something develops,
 noun  behaves, or thinks:
/ˈɪnfluəns/  Ex: She's very good at making friends and influencing people.
2. Chi phối, tác động
 to cause someone to change a behavior, belief, or opinion, or
to cause something to be changed:
 Ex: Businesses make large contributions to members of
Congress, hoping to influence their votes on key issues.
*NOUN
1. Sự ảnh hưởng
 What is exactly is the influence of social media on children?
2. Uy thế, uy lực
 the power that somebody/something has to make
somebody/something behave in a particular way
 Ex: He worked his way into a position of power and influence in
the city.

innovation 1. Sự đổi mới, sự cách tân

 Ex: The company is very interested in product design and
innovation.
 noun
 /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/

innovative Có tính chất sáng kiến, đổi mới

 introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing something, etc.
 Ex: There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
 adjective
 /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/

last1 1. kéo dài

 to continue for a particular period of time
 Ex: Each game lasts about an hour.
 verb 2. Tồn tại
 /lɑːst/  continue to exist or to function well
 Ex: This weather won't last.

maintain 1. Duy trì

 to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.
 SYNONYM preserve
 verb   Ex: The two countries have always maintained close relations.
/meɪnˈteɪn/ 2. Bảo quản
 to keep a building, a machine, etc. in good condition by
checking or repairing it regularly
  Ex: I do a lot of mechanical work and I maintain my own car.
3. Nuôi dưỡng, cưu mang
 to support somebody/something over a long period of time by
giving money, paying for food, etc.
 SYNONYM keep
 Ex: Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let
alone three.

mature *VERB
Trưởng thành, hoàn thiện, trở nên chín chắn
 to become more developed mentally and emotionally and
 verb, adjective behave in a responsible way:
 /məˈtʃʊə(r)  Ex: Girls are said to mature faster than boys.
*ADJECTIVE
1. Trưởng thành, chín chắn
 behaving in a sensible way, like an adult
 Ex: Jane is very mature for her age.
2. Cẩn thận, kĩ càng
 A mature decision is one that is made after a lot of careful
thought:
 Ex: Upon mature reflection, we find the accused guilty.

modify 1. Thay đổi, sửa đổi

 to change something slightly, especially in order to make it
more suitable for a particular purpose
 verb   SYNONYM adapt
/ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/  Ex: Patients are taught how to modify their diet.
2. Điều chỉnh
 to make something less extreme
 SYNONYM adjust
 Ex: She refused to modify her behaviour.

novel Mới lạ, lạ thường

 different from anything known before; new, interesting and
often seeming slightly strange
 adjective   Ex: The plan sounded rather novel.
/ˈnɒvl/

persist 1.Kiên trì, tiếp tục làm điều gì dù có trở ngại

 She persisted in her search for the truth.
2. Tiếp tục tồn tại, cứ dai dẳng
 verb  to continue to exist
 /pəˈsɪst/  Ex: The belief that the earth was flat persisted for many
centuries.

potential *NOUN
1. Khả năng
 the possibility of something happening or being developed or
 adjective, noun used
/pəˈtenʃl/  Ex: The disease has the potential to cause a global health
 emergency.
2. tiềm năng
 qualities that exist and can be developed
 SYNONYM promise
 Ex: All children should be encouraged to realize their full
potential.
3. Thế, điện thế
*ADJECT
Tiềm năng, tiềm ẩn
 that can develop into something or be developed in the future
 Ex: Have you looked into the potential side effects of the
treatment?

progress *NOUN
1. Sự tiến bộ, sự tiến triển
 the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to
 noun  achieving or completing something
/ˈprəʊɡres/  Ex: I think we're making progress.
2. Sự tiến hành
 movement forwards or towards a place
 Ex: We watched the ship's stately progress out of the docks.
*VERB
1. Tiến tới, tiến bộ, phát triển
 to improve or develop over a period of time; to make progress
 SYNONYM advance
 Ex: The course allows students to progress at their own speed.
2. Tiến hành, di chuyển
 to move forward
 Ex: The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town.

radical 1. Hoàn toàn, triệt để.

 relating to the most basic and important parts of something;
complete and detailed
 adjective  SYNONYM far-reaching
 /ˈrædɪkl/  Ex: This document marks a radical departure from earlier
recommendations.
2. Sự cấp tiến
 believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or
extreme social or political change:
 Ex: These people have very radical views.

refine 1. Lọc, làm cho tinh khiết

 to make a substance pure by taking other substances out of it
 Ex: The process of refining oil produces several useful
 verb chemicals.
 /rɪˈfaɪn/ 2. Cải tiến, trau chuốt
 to improve something by making small changes to it
 Ex: She has refined her playing technique over the years.

reform *VERB
1. Sửa đổi, cải cách
  to improve a system, an organization, a law, etc. by making
changes to it
 Ex: The law needs to be reformed.
 noun, verb 2. Chữa (thói xấu), sửa đổi
 /rɪˈfɔːm/  to improve your behaviour; to make somebody do this
 Ex: He has promised to reform.
*NOUN
Sự cải cách
 change that is made to a social system, an organization, etc. in
order to improve or correct it
 Ex: His economic reforms failed to improve their lives.

remain 1. Vẫn
 linking verb to continue to be something; to be still in the same
state or condition
 verb  Ex: The museum will remain open to the public throughout the
 /rɪˈmeɪn/ building work.
2. Còn lại
 to still be present after the other parts have been removed,
used, etc.; to continue to exist
 Ex: Very little of the house remained after the fire.
3. Ở lại
 to stay in the same place; to not leave
 Ex: They remained in Mexico until June.

revise 1. Xem lại, xét lại, điều chỉnh

 to change your opinions or plans, for example because of
something you have learned
 verb  Ex: I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities
 /rɪˈvaɪz/ now.
2. sửa lại, sửa đổi
 to change something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to
correct or improve it
 Ex: I'll prepare a revised estimate for you.
3. Ôn lại (bài tập)
 to prepare for an exam by looking again at work that you have
done
 Ex: I can't come out tonight. I have to revise.

revolution 1. Cuộc cách mạng

 a great change in conditions, ways of working, beliefs, etc. that
affects large numbers of people
 noun  Ex: They led the electronics revolution but have been left
 /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ behind by the IT revolution.
2. Vòng
 a complete circular movement around a point
 Ex: The disk rotates at up to 500 revolutions per minute.

shift *NOUN
1. Ca
 a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work
 noun, verb as another group finishes
/ʃɪft/  Ex: I've just finished an eight-hour shift.
2. Thay đổi
 a change in opinion, mood, policy, etc.
 Ex: The minister's recent announcement represents a major
policy shift.
*VERB
1. Chuyển, giao (trách nhiệm)
 to move, or move something, from one position or place to
another
 Ex: Lydia shifted uncomfortably in her chair.
2. thay đổi, di chuyển
 to change from one state, position, etc. to another
 Ex: Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past
50 years.

spoil 1. Làm hư hỏng, làm đổ nát

 to change something good into something bad, unpleasant, etc.
 SYNONYM ruin
 verb  Ex: Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weathe
 /spɔɪl/ 2. Làm hư (một đứa trẻ)
 SYNONYM overindulge
 Ex: She spoils those kids of hers.

status quo Hiện trạng

 the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change
 Ex: They wanted a return to the status quo before the war.
 noun
/ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/

steady *VERB
1. Giữ vững
 to stop yourself/somebody/something from moving, shaking or
 verb, adjective falling; to stop moving, shaking or falling
 /ˈstedi/  Ex: She steadied herself against the wall.
2. Ổn định
 to stop changing and become regular again
 Ex: Her heartbeat steadied.
3. Giữ bình tĩnh
 to make somebody/something calm
 Ex: He took a few deep breaths to steady his nerves.
*ADJECTIVE
1. Ổn đinh
 developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular
way
 SYNONYM constant
 Ex: We've had five years of steady economic growth.
2. Đều đặn
 not changing and not interrupted
  SYNONYM regular
 Ex: His breathing was steady.
3. Vững chắc, vững vàng
 fixed in a place or position, supported or balanced; controlled
and not shaking or likely to fall down
 Ex: He held the boat steady as she got in.

substitute *VERB
Thế, thay thế
 to take the place of somebody/something else; to use
 noun somebody/something instead of somebody/something else
 /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/  Ex: Can you find someone to substitute for you at the meeting?
*NOUN
Người thay thế
 person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you
normally use or have
 Ex: substitute for somebody/something Paul's father only saw
him as a substitute for his dead brother.

sustain 1. Duy trì, cứu sống

 to provide enough of what somebody/something needs in
order to live or exist
 verb   Ex: Which planets can sustain life?
/səˈsteɪn/ 2. Duy trì, kéo dài (một âm thanh, một cố gắng..)
 to make something continue for some time without becoming
less
 SYNONYM maintain
 Ex: She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of
her speech.
3. Chịu đựng
 to experience something bad
 SYNONYM suffer
 Ex: The company sustained losses of millions of dollars.
4. Chống đỡ, ủng hộ
 to provide evidence to support an opinion, a theory, etc.
 SYNONYM uphold
 Ex: The evidence is not detailed enough to sustain his
argumeny

switch *VERB
1. Chuyển (câu chuyện, ý nghĩ)
 to change or make something change from one thing to
 verb, noun another
 /swɪtʃ/  Ex: The company is offering good deals to customers who
switch over from a competitor.
2. Đổi
 to exchange one thing for another
 SYNONYM swap
 Ex: The dates of the last two exams have been switched.
*NOUN
 1. Công tắc
 Ex: a light switch
2. Sự thay đổi đột ngột, sự di chuyển đột ngột
 a change from one thing to another, especially when this is
sudden and complete
 Ex: She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when
her first child was born.

transform Thay đổi, biến đổi

 Ex: It was an event that would transform my life.

 verb 
/trænsˈfɔːm/

trend Khuynh hướng, xu hướng

 a general direction in which a situation is changing or
developing
 noun  Ex: You seem to have set a new trend.
/trend/

uniform Đồng dạng, cùng 1 kiểu, giống nhau

 not varying; the same in all parts and at all times
 Ex: The walls were a uniform grey.
 adjective
 /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/
Topic vocabulary: Technology
breakthrough Bước đột phá
 an important development that may lead to an agreement or
achievement
 noun  Ex: a major breakthrough in cancer research
 /ˈbreɪkθruː/

click 1. Nhấp (máy vi tính)

 Ex: Click here to add your opinion to the survey.
2. Kết bạn
 verb  to become friends with somebody at once; to become
 /klɪk/ popular with somebody
 Ex: We met at a party and clicked immediately.
3. Tâm đầu ý hợp, ăn ý ngay từ phút đầu
 to work well together
 Ex: The team don't seem to have clicked yet.

complex Phức tạp

 made of many different things or parts that are connected;
difficult to understand
 adjective  SYNONYM complicated
/ˈkɒmpleks/  Ex: We live in an increasingly complex world.

consumer Điện tử tiêu dùng

 electronic devices such as televisions, computers and
electronics smartphones bought by individual customers rather than by
businesses
noun  Ex: a leading manufacturer of consumer electronics
 /kənˌsjuːmər ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪks/

craft *NOUN
1. Nghề thủ công
 an activity involving a special skill at making things with your
 noun , verb hands
 /krɑːft/  Ex: traditional crafts like basket-weaving
2. Nghề
 all the skills needed for a particular activity
 Ex: chefs who learned their craft in top hotels
3. Mưu mẹo, mánh khóe
 skill in making people believe what you want them to believe
 Ex: He knew how to win by craft and diplomacy what he
 could not gain by force.
4. tàu
 a boat or ship
 Ex: Hundreds of small craft bobbed around the liner as it
steamed into the harbour.
*VERB
Làm thủ công
 to make something using special skills, especially with your
hands
 SYNONYM fashion
 Ex: All the furniture is crafted from natural materials.
1. Tài liệu, cứ liệu
 facts or information, especially when examined and used to
find out things or to make decisions
 Ex: We collected publicly available data over a 10-day period.
2. Dữ liệu
 information that is stored by a computer
 Ex: All this data is stored on hundreds of servers in San
Francisco.

download *VERB
Tải xuống
 to get data from another computer, usually using the
 verb, noun internet
 /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/  Ex: You don't need to download the movie—you can stream
it.
*NOUN
Lượt tải
 Ex: More songs will soon be available for download from
Xbox live.

file 1. Ô đựng hồ sơ
 box or folded of card for keeping loose papers together and
in order
 noun  Ex: Previously all reports were held in paper files.
 /faɪl/ 2. Tệp, tài liệu
 a collection of information stored together in a computer,
under a particular name
 Ex: You can transfer and edit files on your smartphone.

manual *ADJECTIVE
1.(thuộc) chân tay, lao động tay chân
 involving using the hands or physical strength
 adjective  Ex: manual and non-manual workers
 /ˈmænjuəl/ 2.Thủ công
 operated or controlled by hand rather than by machine or
using electricity, etc.
 Ex: My camera has manual and automatic functions.
*NOUN
Sổ tay
  Ex: Why don’t you read the manual?

network *VERB
1.Nối mạng
 Ex: networked computer systems
 noun 2. Mở rộng quan hệ
/ˈnetwɜːk/  Ex: Conferences are a good place to network.
*NOUN
Mạng lưới, hệ thống
Ex: Europe's mobile phone networks are controlled by five
dominant players

nuclear ( thuộc) Hạt nhân

 using, producing or resulting from nuclear energy
 C Ex: hina and India only produce a very small percentage of
adjective their electricity from nuclear facilities.
 /ˈnjuːkliə(r)/

offline Ngoại tuyến

 For offline orders, call this number.
 Ex: How do I write an email offline?
 adjective, adverb
 /ˌɒfˈlaɪn/

online Trực tuyến

 Ex: Online shopping is both cheap and convenient.
 Ex: Many children would rather go online than watch
 adjective, adverb television.
/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/

primitive 1. Nguyên thủy

 belonging to a very simple society with no industry, etc.
 Ex: primitive tribes
 adjective 2. Thô sơ, cổ xưa
 /ˈprɪmətɪv/  very simple and old-fashioned, especially when something is
also not convenient and comfortable
 SYNONYM crude
 Ex: The methods of communication used during the war were
primitive by today's standards.

programmer Lập trình viên

 a person whose job is writing computer programs

 noun
 /ˈprəʊɡræmə(r)/

resource Nguồn (tài nguyên,…)

 Ex: The school does the best it can with limited resources (=
money).
 noun
/rɪˈsɔːs/
technique 1. Kỹ thuật
 a particular way of doing something, especially one in which
you have to learn special skills
 noun  Ex: We have developed a new technique that corrects the
/tekˈniːk/ problem.
2. Kỹ xảo
 the skill with which somebody is able to do something
practical
 Ex: The artist spent years perfecting his technique.

upload Tải lên

 to send data to another computer
 Ex: The data was uploaded on Friday April 30 at 12:36.
 verb
 /ˌʌpˈləʊd/