Anodized Aluminum Colors:

Coloring Aluminum Products

Posted on : Mar 19, 2021 By Leon Huang

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At the end of the manufacturing process, the next stage is applying the surface finish.
There are different methods, but in aluminum materials or other materials, the
anodizing process is a reputable method. The reason is not farfetched, as it leads to the
production of a durable yet beautiful product. Anodizing goes by processes that must
be understood, and two important parts are knowing how to color aluminum and the
anodized aluminum colors to use.
anodized aluminum colors

Anodizing colors are important since they say a great deal about the properties of the
end product. Therefore, in this article, you will know about anodizing, common
anodized aluminum colors, and how to color aluminum products using anodizing.
Let’s get right on it so you could understand how the process works.

Basic of Anodizing Process

Before discussing the various anodized aluminum color or how to color aluminum
products, we should prickle your brain on what the process is all about. Unless you
have a science background or are already deep-rooted in the process, it won’t be
surprising that you wonder what anodization is. Therefore, in this section, we will
summarize the basic things about the process.
Aluminum anodizing is an electrochemical process in which aluminum products’
surfaces are coated using a wear-resistant oxide layer. Therefore, the products exhibit
properties that improve quality and aesthetics. For example, they are durable, resistant
to wear and corrosion. They also have this beautiful feel which fulfills the aesthetic
requirement of most users.

Anodizing is an electrochemical cell reaction with the aluminum part acting as the
anode, the cathode being an inert material and an acidic electrolyte. Below are the
electrochemical reactions at the electrode:

Anode

2Al + 3H2O = Al2O3 + 6H+ + 6e-

Cathode

6H+ + 6e- = 3H2

Resulting anodizing reaction

2Al + 3H2O = Al2O3 + 3H2

Types of Anodizing Process?

There are three types of the anodizing process, each being different in terms of
coating intensity. The difference is due to the electrodes, electrolytes, and energy used
in each process.

·         Type 1 Anodizing Process

The type 1 anodizing process is also known as the “light” type, and it involves the use
of chromic acid as the electrolytes and the aluminum part as the anode. When current
is made to pass through the electrolyte, positive particles from the anode are ejected,
forming microscopic grooves on the surface. The microscopic grooves are then
oxidized to form an oxide layer.  Compared to normal aluminum products without
finishes, products made via this process are better in heat and corrosion resistance.

·         Type 2 Anodizing Process

Type 2 anodizing process uses sulfuric acid instead of chromic acid. Sulfuric acid is
more potent, leading to a better ejection of positive aluminum particles than what is
seen in type 1’s. Therefore, the microscopic groove formed is deeper, and the oxide
layer thicker. These two properties are responsible for the better paint retention
properties exhibited by Type 2 aluminum parts.

·         Type 3 Anodizing Process

Type 3 anodizing process is the ideal one for making heavy aluminum products.
Unlike the other types of the anodizing process, it uses a higher voltage and a strong
acid (sulfuric acid).
Anodizing Colors

Anodizing colors are different from the colors of other techniques such as powder
coating or paint. In terms of achieving color consistency, there are difficulties due to
the many variables involved in anodization.

While the anodizing process is open to all colors of the rainbows, the anodized
aluminum colors used depend heavily on many factors such as size, grade, finish
tapes. Below are the steps to take on how to color aluminum products using an
anodizing process

Cleaning and Etching of the Aluminum Part

The first step starts with cleaning the aluminum products in detergent and rinsing
tanks. After washing, the part is etched to give a polished and shiny surface. The
etching is done to remove trace amounts of metals that can lead to an error during the
process.

Building the Film Layer

After cleaning, the anodizing process takes place. You can anodize using any of the
three types of anodizing discussed above. However, there are other things to look out
for, which are

 The metal alloy controls the size and shape of the pores

 The tank temperature, solution conc, and voltage control the depth of the pore

Adding Color

There are four ways of adding anodized aluminum colors: Below is an explanation of
the four methods.

 Electrolytic coloring

This method involves the immersion of the aluminum parts in a solution containing
some metallic salts. On filling the pore, they provide a coating strong enough to resist
UV rays. However, there is a limitation on the number of anodizing colors you can
use, with bronze or black color being the most common.

 Dip coloring

In this method, the part is placed in a tank containing a dye. The dye fills up the pore,
and the surface is boiled in de-ionized water to end the reaction. You can use dip
coloring with many color variants. However, they are not that UV resistant.
  Integral Coloring

Integral coloring combines anodizing and coloring to color aluminum products in

bronze and black shades. The products also become more abrasion-resistant.

 Interference Coloring

In interference coloring, the pore structure becomes enlarged. Therefore, the

deposition of metals in the pores leads to light-fast colors ranging from blue, green,
and yellow to red. These colors occur as a result of optical-interference effects instead
of light scattering effects.

Sealing

Sealing is the last stage of anodization. Here, the dye molecules that are on the pore
are trapped in the pores. Sealing prevents the absorption of undesired molecules in the
pores.

Sealing is done in hot water at a temperature of 200ºF (93ºC). Crystals of hydrated

aluminum oxide formed in hot water are responsible for the sealing of the pores.
Metal salts can also be deposited after been dissolved in hot water at 180ºF (86ºC).

Color Matching
Anodizing colors, unlike in paints, is subtractive and not addictive. If you understand
the concept of light, you will understand the distinction that this brings. Normally, the
color shown by any material is what is reflected against what is absorbed. Therefore,
if white light shines on a blue bucket, the bucket absorbs the other colors and reflects
blue. This makes us perceive it as a blue bucket. The process is the same in anodizing
color. However, it has a slight addition. Instead of reflecting the light, the anodized
film formed on the surface transmits light to the aluminum at the base surface. The
base metal then reflects it to the film and outside. Therefore, the anodized layer acts as
a filter instead of a reflector, which is important in color matching.

Matching the right color is not easy, especially if they don’t belong to the same batch.
To choose the right matching method, you must understand the concept of color
matching explained above and the important factors determining the anodizing colors’
appearance. Below are what you should look out for:

·         Aluminum Grade

This is the most critical factor to look out for during color aluminum anodizing. Every
aluminum grade has its color and shades, and they affect color matching.
·         Finish Type

The finish (part of the film) plays a huge part in the aluminum product’s reflective
properties. Therefore, for the best in terms of color matching, using a sample with the
same finish is preferable.

·         Number of Dyes That Make the Colour and Layering

The type of dyes used also plays a huge role in the dozing color variation. There is an
increase in color variation when there is a need for more dyes to match color, color
variation increases. Also, the layering is important since there can be color variation
from each layer.

·         The Crystalline Structure of the Products

The crystalline structure of the metal that makes up the product also influence the
reflective properties of an aluminum product.  From an angle, the colors might seem
to match. However, a different reflective angle can show otherwise. This condition is
“color flip” and plays a huge role in color matching

How to Remove the Color from an Anodized Part If It Doesn’t

Match?
Removing the color depends highly on the nature of the dye you used and the
anodized products’ condition. You can only remove the dye for sealed anodized
products using chromic/phosphoric stripping solution (if you want the aluminum
intact). However, if you don’t mind a slight degradation of the aluminum part, you
can use an alkaline etch.

For unsealed anodized product, you can use 10-15% nitric acid to remove the dyes.
However, this only works for most dyes, not all.
Conclusion
Anodizing is an electrolytic process of high importance in surface finishing, used to
improve the surface finishing process in terms of aesthetics, optical relativity, etc.
This article talks about the anodizing process and how to color aluminum parts. It also
talked about the factors that play a huge role in color matching. No doubt anodizing
process might seem complex. However, to get the best in terms of quality and low
cost, you can trust us at RapidDirect.

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FAQ
Can you change the color of anodized aluminum?
Yes. However, this requires some steps since you cannot anodize over-dyed anodized
aluminum and color it again. You can check the article on what to do to change the
color of anodized aluminum

Does anodized aluminum wear off?

Yes, even though they seem permanent, anodized aluminum does wear off. The time
it takes for them to wear off depends on the type of anodizing process used. You can
also remove it by using an acid wash.