OPENING PRAYER

Monday
Tuesday
Today is... Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
The
Sunny Windy
weather
is...
Cloudy Rainy
 How are you
feeling today?
Our feelings are like
the weather. They can
change at any time.
Think about how you're feeling right now
and what kind of weather it relates to.
What type Happy Excited Confident

of weather
can you
identify Worried Sad Confused

with?
Bored Irritated Angry
 Thank you
for sharing!
 What happens
when stress is
applied to
system that is
in equilibrium?
 Equilibrium and
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Learning Topic/s:
The lesson will focus on following:

• Le Chatelier’s Principle
• The effect of stress such as change in
concentration, temperature and
pressure on a system in equilibrium
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, everyone is expected to be able to:

1. State Le Chatelier’s Principle (STEM_GC11CE- IVb-e-148)

2. Apply Le Chatelier’s Principle qualitatively to describe the
effect of changes in pressure, concentration and temperature
on a system at equilibrium. (STEM_GC11CE- IVb-e-149)
3. Predict the behavior of a reaction mixture when the
following takes place: change in concentration of reactants or
products , change in temperature.(STEM_GC11CE- IVb-e-151)
Chemical equilibrium is the
state of a system in which the
rate of the forward reaction
is equal to the rate of the
reverse reaction.
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Chemical equilibrium was studied by the
French chemist Henri Le Chatelier and his
description of how a system responds to stress to
maintain equilibrium has become known as
Le Chatelier’s Principle.
When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is
disturbed by a stress, the system will respond in order
to relieve the stress.
Le Chatelier’s Principle

Stresses to a chemical system involve changes

in the following:
• concentration of reactants or products
• temperature of the system
• pressure of the system
Effect of Concentration
A change in concentration of one of the substances in an
equilibrium system typically involves either the addition or
the removal of one of the reactants or products.
Same meaning:
The effect of changes in concentration on an
equilibrium system according to Le Chatelier's principle • Forward reaction favored
is summarized as: • Product favored
• Equilibrium will shift to the
Stress Response right
addition of reactant forward reaction favored
Same meaning:
addition of product reverse reaction favored
removal of reactant reverse reaction favored • Reverse reaction favored
• Reactant favored
removal of product forward reaction favored
• Equilibrium will shift to the
left
Effect of Concentration
Consider the Haber-Bosch process for the industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and
hydrogen gases.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

To produce more Ammonia, what stress

will be applied in this system that is on
equilibrium?
Effect of Concentration
 Fe3+ + SCN - ⇌ FeSCN2+
colorless orange

1
control 2 3 4 5 6
 Fe3+ + SCN - ⇌ FeSCN2+
colorless orange

1
control
add more Iron (III)
nitrate
1 2 Color 3 4 reactant
• addition of 5
control become • favored forward reaction to
more produce more product
orange • equilibrium shifts to the right
 Fe3+ + SCN - ⇌ FeSCN2+
colorless orange

1
1
control
control 3
add more potassium
thiocyanate
1 1 2 Color 3 4 reactant
• addition of 5
control
control become • favored forward reaction to
3 more produce more product
orange • equilibrium shifts to the right
 Fe 3+ + SCN - ⇌ FeSCN2+
colorless orange

solution almost
addition of sodium sulfite become colorless

4
1 2 3 4 5
control • addition of the product
• favored reverse reaction to produce more reactant
• equilibrium shifts to the left
 Fe 3+ + SCN - ⇌ FeSCN2+
colorless orange

addition of of
addition sodium chloride
sodium sulfite solution become
colorless
*sodium binds with Fe 3+

4 5
1 2 3 4 5
control • removal of the reactant
• favored reverse reaction to produce more reactant
• equilibrium shifts to the left
 Fe 3+ + SCN - ⇌ FeSCN2+
colorless orange

solution cloudy
addition of silver ion and loses its color

*silver ion binds with binds with CN-

6
2 3 4 5
1 • removal of the reactant
control • favored reverse reaction to produce more reactant
• equilibrium shifts to the left
Effect of Pressure
• When there is an increase in pressure, the
equilibrium will shift towards the side of the
reaction with fewer moles of gas.
• When there is a decrease in pressure, the
equilibrium will shift towards the side of the
reaction with more moles of gas.
 Effect of Pressure
• When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side of the
reaction with fewer moles of gas.
• When there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side of the
reaction with more moles of gas.
1 mole 2 moles

PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2(g) (g) (g)

Pressure Pressure
Change: more P° on product Change: less P° on product
less P° on reactant more P° on reactant
Response: reverse reaction is favored Response: forward reaction is
; equilibrium shifts to the left favored; equilibrium shifts to the right
 Stress Response
Effect of Pressure pressure favors the side
increase with fewer moles
4 moles 2 moles pressure favors the side

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
decrease with more moles
(g) (g) (g)

Pressure Pressure
Change: more P° on reactant Change: less P° on reactant
less P° on product more P° on product

Response: forward reaction is Response: reverse reaction is

favored; equilibrium shifts to the favored; equilibrium shifts to the
right left
Effect of Temperature
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) + 91kJ
forward reaction is exothermic
reverse reaction is endothermic

• When the Temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the LEFT
favoring the endothermic reaction
• When the Temperature is decreased, the equilibrium will shift to the
RIGHT favoring the exothermic reaction
 Effect of Temperature
H2(g) + CO2(g) + 41 kJ ⇌ H2O(g) + CO(g)
forward reaction is endothermic
reverse reaction is exothermic

• When the Temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the

RIGHT favoring the endothermic reaction
• When the Temperature is decreased, the equilibrium will shift to the
LEFT favoring the exothermic reaction
temperature temperature

hot water cold water

temperature temperature

hot water cold water

Assessment

1. Le Chatelier's principle states that:

A. if a chemical system at equilibrium is stressed, the

system will adjust to increase the stress
B. if a chemical system at equilibrium is stressed, the
system will adjust to reduce the stress
C. if a chemical system at equilibrium is stressed, the
system will not adjust at all
Assessment
2. Which of the following is not a way to stress a
chemical system?

A. changing the temperature

B. changing the concentration

C. changing the pressure

D. changing the surface area or the size of the
molecule
Assessment

3. When extra NH3 is added to this system at equilibrium,

3 H2(g) + N2(g) <--> 2 NH3(g)
A. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to
the right, toward the product side
B. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the
left, toward the reactant side
C. There will be no change at all
Assessment

4. When NH3 is harvested from this system at equilibrium:

3 H2(g) + N2(g) <--> 2 NH3(g)
A. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to
the right, toward the product side
B. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the
left, toward the reactant side
C. There will be no change at all
Assessment
5. When the temperature is decreased on this system at equilibrium:
2 HCl(aq) + Mg(s) <--> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) + heat
A. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the right,
favoring the endothermic reaction
B. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the left
favoring the endothermic reaction
C. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the right,
favoring the exothermic reaction
D. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the left
favoring the exothermic reaction
Assessment
5. When the temperature is increased on this system at equilibrium:
2 HCl(aq) + Mg(s) + heat <--> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
A. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the right,
favoring the endothermic reaction
B. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the left
favoring the endothermic reaction
C. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the right,
favoring the exothermic reaction
D. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the left
favoring the exothermic reaction
Assessment
6. When the pressure is increased on this system at
equilibrium:
3 H2(g) + N2(g) <--> 2 NH3(g)

A. To restore3equilibrium,
H2(g) + Nthe2 reaction
(g) <--> 2 shifts
NH 3 to
(g) the right,
toward the product side
B. To restore equilibrium, the reaction shifts to the left,
toward the reactant side
C. There will be no change at all
CLOSING PRAYER
 References:

• https://chem.libretexts.org/

• www.britannica.com/science/chemical-equilibrium

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium

• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-equilibrium

• https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/13-1-chemical-equilibria