Grade 7 Math Lesson 21: Laws of Exponents Teaching Guide: A) A, A Is Called The Base and N Is Called The Exponent

Grade 7 Math LESSON 21: LAWS OF EXPONENTS TEACHING GUIDE
GRADE 7 MATH TEACHING GUIDE

Lesson 21: Laws of Exponents Time: 1.5 hours
Pre-requisite Concepts:
The students have mastered the multiplication.
Objectives:
In this lesson, the students must be able to:
1) define and interpret the meaning of an where n is a positive integer;
2) derive inductively the Laws of Exponents (restricted to positive integers)
3) illustrate the Laws of Exponents.
Lesson Proper
I. Activity 1
Give the product of each of the following as fast as you can.
1) 3 x 3 = ________ Sample Ans. 9
2) 4 x 4 x 4 = ________ Sample Ans. 64
3) 5 x 5 x 5 = ________ Sample Ans. 125
4) 2 x 2 x 2 = ________ Sample Ans. 8
5) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = ________ Sample Ans. 16
6) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = ________ Sample Ans. 32
II. Development of the Lesson

Discovering the Laws of Exponent
NOTE TO THE TEACHER:

You can follow up this activity by telling the students that 3 x 3 x 3 = 33, 4 x 4 x 4 = 43 and so on. From here, you can
now explain the very first and basic law of exponent. The elementary teachers have discussed this already.
A) an = a x a x a x a ….. (n times) In an, a is called the base and n is called the exponent
AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 1


We have to emphasize that violation of a law means a wrongdoing. So tell them that there is no such thing as multiplying
the base and the exponent as stated in the very first law.
Exercises
1) Which of the following is/are correct?
a) 42 = 4 x 4 = 16 b) 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 c) 25 = 2 x 5 = 10 d) 33 = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27
Sample Ans. CORRECT INCORRECT INCORRECT CORRECT
2) Give the value of each of the following as fast as you can.
a) 23 b) 25 c) 34 d) 106
Sample Ans. 8 32 81 1,000,000

It is important to tell the students to use “dot” or “parenthesis” as a symbol for multiplication because at this stage, we
are already using x as a variable.
Let the students explore on the next activities. If they can’t figure out what you want them to see, guide them. Throw
more questions. If it won’t work, do the lecture. The “What about these” are follow-up questions. The students should be the
one to answer it.
Activity 2
Evaluate the following by applying the law that we have discussed. Investigate the result. Make a simple
conjecture on it. The first two are done for you.
1) (23)2 = 23 • 23 = 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 = 64
2) (x4)3 = x4 • x4 • x4 = x • x • x • x • x • x • x • x • x • x • x • x = x12
3) (32)2 = Sample Ans. 81
2 3
4) (2 ) = Sample Ans. 64
2 5
5) (a ) = Sample Ans. a10

Did you notice something?

What can you conclude about (an)m? What will you do with a, n and m?
B) (an)m = anm
What about these?

1) (x100)3= Sample Ans. x300
2) (y12)5= Sample Ans. y60
Activity 3
Evaluate the following. Notice that the bases are the same. The first example is done for you.
1) (23)(22) = 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 = 25 = 32
2) (x5)(x4) = Sample Ans. x9
3) (32)(34) = Sample Ans. 729
4 5
4) (2 )(2 ) = Sample Ans. 512
5) (x3)(x4) = Sample Ans. x7
What can you conclude about an • am? What will you do with a, n and m?
C) an • am = an+m
What about these?
1) (x32)(x25) Sample Ans. x57
59 51
2) (y )(y ) Sample Ans. y110
Activity 4
Evaluate each of the following. Notice that the bases are the same. The first example is done for you.
1) = = 16 --- remember that 16 is the same as 24
2) = Sample Ans. 9
3) = Sample Ans. 4
4) = Sample Ans. 4

What can you conclude about ? What will you do with a, n and m?
D) = an-m
What about these?
1) Sample Ans. x7
2) Sample Ans. y18

After they finished the discovery of the laws of exponent, it is very important that we summarize those laws. Don’t
forget to tell them that there are still other laws of exponent, which they will learn on the next stage (second year).
Laws of exponents
1) an = a • a • a • a • a….. (n times)
2) (an)m = anm power of powers
3) an • am = am+n product of a power
4) =an – m quotient of a power

The next two laws of exponent are for you to discuss with your students.
5) a0 = 1 where a ≠ 0 law for zero exponent

Ask the students. “If you divide number by itself, what is the answer?”
Follow it up with these: (Do these one by one)
No. Result Applying a law of GIVEN (Start here) ANSWER REASON

Exponent
51-1
50 1
1)
2) 1000 1001-1 1 Any number

divided by itself is
3) x0 x1-1 1 equal to 1.
4) a0 a5-5 1
You can draw the conclusion from the students. As they will see, all numbers that are raised to zero is
equal to 1. But take note, the base should not be equal to zero because division by zero is not allowed.
What about these?
a) (7,654,321)0 Sample Ans. 1
0 0 0
b) 3 + x + (3y) Sample Ans. 3
6) a-n = and = an law for negative exponent
You can start the discussion by showing this to the students.

a) = then show that = = 21-2 which means 21-2 = 2-1 =
b) = then show that = = 22-5 which means 22-5 = 2-3 =

c) then show that = =33-4 which means 33-4 =3-1 =
Now ask them.

What did you notice?
What about these?
d) x-2 Sample Ans.
e) 3-3 Sample Ans.
f) (5-3)-2 Sample Ans.

Now, explain them the rule. If you can draw it from them, better.
III. Exercises
A. Evaluate each of the following.
1) 28 Sample Ans. 256 6) (23)3 Sample Ans. 512
2) 82 Sample Ans. 64 7) (24)(23) Sample Ans. 4096
-1
3) 5 Sample Ans. 1/5 8) (32)(23) Sample Ans. 72
4) 3-2 Sample Ans. 1/9 9) x0 + 3-1 – 22 Sample Ans. -8/3
0
5) 18 Sample Ans. 1 10) [22 – 33 + 44]0 Sample Ans. 1
B. Simplify each of the following.

1) (x10)(x12) Sample Ans. x22
-3 8
2) (y )(y ) Sample Ans. y5
3) (m15)3 Sample Ans. m45
-3 2
4) (d ) Sample Ans. 1/d6
-4 -4
5) (a ) Sample Ans. a16
6) Sample Ans. z8
7) Sample Ans. 1/b4

8) Sample Ans. c5
9) Sample Ans. x4y5
10) Sample Ans. a3/b3
11) Sample Ans. a12b3
Summary:
In these lessons, you have learned some laws of exponent.

Grade 7 Math Lesson 21: Laws of Exponents Teaching Guide: A) A, A Is Called The Base and N Is Called The Exponent

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Grade 7 Math LESSON 21: LAWS OF EXPONENTS TEACHING GUIDE

GRADE 7 MATH TEACHING GUIDE

II. Development of the Lesson

NOTE TO THE TEACHER:

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 1

NOTE TO THE TEACHER:

NOTE TO THE TEACHER:

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 2

Did you notice something?

What about these?

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 3

2) Sample Ans. y18

NOTE TO THE TEACHER:

2) (an)m = anm power of powers

3) an • am = am+n product of a power

4) =an – m quotient of a power

NOTE TO THE TEACHER:

5) a0 = 1 where a ≠ 0 law for zero exponent

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 4

No. Result Applying a law of GIVEN (Start here) ANSWER REASON

2) 1000 1001-1 1 Any number

6) a-n = and = an law for negative exponent

You can start the discussion by showing this to the students.

b) = then show that = = 22-5 which means 22-5 = 2-3 =

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 5

c) then show that = =33-4 which means 33-4 =3-1 =

Now ask them.

e) 3-3 Sample Ans.

f) (5-3)-2 Sample Ans.

B. Simplify each of the following.

7) Sample Ans. 1/b4

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 6

9) Sample Ans. x4y5

10) Sample Ans. a3/b3

11) Sample Ans. a12b3

AUTHOR: Lambert G. Quesada 7

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