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    Classes and Objects in Java

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    Sumit Kumar
    The document discusses classes and objects in Java, including concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, and information hiding. It explains that a class contains fields and methods, and shows an example Circle class. It demonstrates how to create Circle objects, access object data and methods, and use the Circle class in a simple program.

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    Classes and Objects in Java

    Uploaded by

    Sumit Kumar
    25 views22 pages
    The document discusses classes and objects in Java, including concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, and information hiding. It explains that a class contains fields and methods, and shows an example Circle class. It demonstrates how to create Circle objects, access object data and methods, and use the Circle class in a simple program.

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    class2_2

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    The document discusses classes and objects in Java, including concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, and information hiding. It explains that a class contains fields and methods, and shows an example Circle class. It demonstrates how to create Circle objects, access object data and methods, and use the Circle class in a simple program.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views22 pages

    Classes and Objects in Java

    Uploaded by

    Sumit Kumar
    The document discusses classes and objects in Java, including concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, and information hiding. It explains that a class contains fields and methods, and shows an example Circle class. It demonstrates how to create Circle objects, access object data and methods, and use the Circle class in a simple program.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 22

    Classes and Objects in Java

    Basics of Classes in Java

    1
    Some OOP concepts:

     Encapsulation
     Abstraction
     Information Hiding

    2
    Encapsulation : Wrapping up of data and methods into a single
    unit is Encapsulation. In a class we combine data (variables )
    and method that are operated on that data. (e.g. Class)

    Abstraction : It is an act of representing only the essential


    things without including background details. Like we are
    providing only method declaration in interface not method
    body (e.g. Interface)

    Information Hiding : It is a concept that can be used for


    hiding data from external world. And that can be achieved using
    Encapsulation and Abstraction.
    4
    Classes
     A class is a collection of fields (data) and methods (procedure or
    function) that operate on that data.

    Circle

    centre
    radius

    circumference()
    area()

    5
    Classes
     A class is a collection of fields (data) and methods (procedure or
    function) that operate on that data.
     The basic syntax for a class definition:

    class ClassName{
    [fields declaration]
    [methods declaration]
    }

     Bare bone class – no fields, no methods

    public class Circle {


    // my circle class
    }
    6
    Adding Fields: Class Circle with fields
     Add fields

    public class Circle {


    public double x, y; // centre coordinate
    public double r; // radius of the circle

     The fields (data) are also called the instance variables.

    7
    Adding Methods
     A class with only data fields has no life. Objects created
    by such a class cannot respond to any messages.
     Methods are declared inside the body of the class but
    immediately after the declaration of data fields.
     The general form of a method declaration is:

    Return_type MethodName (parameter-list)


    {
    Method-body;
    }
    8
    Adding Methods to Class Circle
    public class Circle {

    public double x, y; // centre of the circle


    public double r; // radius of circle

    //Methods to return circumference and area


    public double circumference() {
    return 2*3.14*r;
    }
    public double area() {
    return 3.14 * r * r; Method Body

    }
    9
    }
     Declare the Circle class, have created a new data type – User
    Defined Data Type
     Can define variables (objects) of that type:

    Circle aCircle = null;


    Circle bCircle = null;

    10
    Class of Circle cont.
     aCircle, bCircle will have reference to Circle object, not an
    object itself.

    aCircle bCircle

    null null

    Points to nothing (Null Reference) Points to nothing (Null Reference)


    11
    Creating objects of a class
     Objects are created dynamically using the new keyword.
     aCircle and bCircle refer to Circle objects

    aCircle = new Circle() ; bCircle = new Circle() ;

    12
    Creating objects of a class
    aCircle = new Circle();
    bCircle = new Circle() ;

    bCircle = aCircle;

    13
    Creating objects of a class
    aCircle = new Circle();
    bCircle = new Circle() ;

    bCircle = aCircle;

    Before Assignment Before Assignment

    aCircle bCircle aCircle bCircle

    P Q P Q

    14
    Automatic garbage collection
    Q
     The object does not have a reference and cannot be
    used in future.

     The object becomes a candidate for automatic garbage


    collection.

     Java automatically collects garbage periodically and releases


    the memory used to be used in the future.

    15
    Accessing Object/Circle Data
     Similar to C syntax for accessing data defined in a structure.

    ObjectName.VariableName
    ObjectName.MethodName(parameter-list)

    Circle aCircle = new Circle();

    aCircle.x = 2.0 // initialize center and radius


    aCircle.y = 2.0
    aCircle.r = 1.0
    16
    Executing Methods in Object/Circle
     Using Object Methods:

    sent ‘message’ to aCircle

    Circle aCircle = new Circle();

    double area;
    aCircle.r = 1.0;
    area = aCircle.area();

    17
    Using Circle Class
    // Circle.java: Contains both Circle class and its user class
    //Add Circle class code here
    class MyMain
    {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
    Circle aCircle; // creating reference
    aCircle = new Circle(); // creating object
    aCircle.x = 10; // assigning value to data field
    aCircle.y = 20;
    aCircle.r = 5;
    double area = aCircle.area(); // invoking method
    double circumf = aCircle.circumference();
    System.out.println("Radius="+aCircle.r+" Area="+area);
    System.out.println("Radius="+aCircle.r+" Circumference ="+circumf);
    }
    }
    java MyMain
    Radius=5.0 Area=78.5
    18 Radius=5.0 Circumference =31.400000000000002
    Packages
     The classes of the Java standard class library are organized into
    packages

     Some of the packages in the standard class library are:

    Package Purpose

    java.lang General support


    java.applet Creating applets for the web
    java.awt Graphics and graphical user interfaces
    javax.swing Additional graphics capabilities
    java.net Network communication
    java.util Utilities
    javax.xml.parsers XML document processing
    The import Declaration
     When you want to use a class from a package, you could use
    its fully qualified name
    java.util.Scanner

     Or you can import the class, and then use just the class name
    import java.util.Scanner;

     To import all classes in a particular package, you can use the


    * wildcard character
    import java.util.*;
    21
    The import Declaration
     All classes of the java.lang package are imported
    automatically into all programs

     It's as if all programs contain the following line:

    import java.lang.*;

     That's why we didn't have to import the System or


    String classes explicitly in earlier programs

     The Scanner class, on the other hand, is part of the


    java.util package, and therefore must be imported

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