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COMMUNICATING
WITH COMMUNITIES
ON COVID-19
Guide for community health workers,
volunteers, and social mobilizers
APRIL 2020
#WeHealAsOne | #BeatCOVID19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose of this Guide 1
Importance of Community Engagement During a Health Crisis 1
How People Might React During a Health Crisis 2
Your Role is Important 3
How to Talk to People in the Community 4
Protect Yourself and Others While on Duty 6
Key Messages 7
Communicating in Difficult Situations 19
General Tips 19
Screening 20 REFERENCES
Preferencing 21
Triaging 22 COVID-19 – NOVEL (new) CORONAVIRUS: KEY TIPS AND DISCUSSION POINTS
For community workers, volunteers and community networks. IFRC, WHO, and UNICEF.
Admitting 23
Counseling 24 COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for Home and Community Settings (draft).
Deciding 26 Department of Health, UNICEF, and WHO.
Notifying 27 Interim Guidelines for Home Quarantine. Department of Health.
Anticipating 28
Grieving 30 Interim Guidelines for 2019-nCoV ARD Response in Communities. Department of Health.
Communicating in Specific Situations 31 Interim Guidelines on Disposal and Shipment 2019-nCoV ARD Human Remains. Department of Health.
Case Management 31
Interim Guidelines on Preparedness and Response to the 2019-nCOV. Department of Health.
Contact Tracing 33
Home Quarantine 34 Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Staff, Volunteers and Communities
Safe and Dignified Burial 36 in an Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus. IFRC.

VitalTalk (2020). COVID Ready Communication Playbook. Retrieved from: https://www.vitaltalk.org/guides/-

April 2020 Version 1 covid-19-communication-skills/

This document will be updated based on the evolving situation and needs of frontline World Health Organization Representative Office for the Philippines (2020). Communicating with patients
with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. The COVID-19 Risk Communication Package for Healthcare Facilities
workers on risk communication and community engagement. (1st ed., p. 5). Retrieved from: http://healthypilipinas.ph

COMMUNICATING WITH COMMUNITIES ON COVID-19 | 37

2 During the quarantine
PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE
a. Provide up-to-date information to families on the quarantine process and protocols.
This serves as a guide for community health workers,
b. Be a key point of contact with families, keep returning to troubleshoot problems, volunteers, and social mobilizers in communicating with
and provide two-way information flow. people on COVID-19 and helping them protect themselves
and others from the virus.
c. Check with family members who have sick relatives in the quarantine facility to
make sure the family is updated on the status and location of the patient.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY
d. Link community members to other services including mental health and
psychosocial support (MHPSS) when needed. ENGAGEMENT DURING A HEALTH CRISIS
Social mobilization and community engagement are essential to all aspects of
3 After the quarantine the COVID-19 response and will remain so after other response efforts scale
down. To stop COVID-19 transmission, communities and individuals themselves
Support people who have completed quarantine to reintegrate into the must make changes to their social and cultural practices.
community and help reduce stigma and discrimination.
Social mobilization and community engagement aim to:

SAFE AND DIGNIFIED BURIAL

1 Express compassion and condolences for the family’s loss.

2 Explain that all bodies will be prepared for a safe and dignified burial,
whether or not they died of COVID-19.

3 Listen to the family’s concerns. Help the family to contact a religious leader if
requested. Help people understand the situation Ensure two-way communication
and take actions to protect themselves between people and service
4 Discuss with the family that while tradition is important, everyone must find a and others from COVID-19 providers
way to respect the dead and observe burial rites without putting themselves
or anyone else in danger of catching COVID-19.

5 Remind the family that they may ask questions about the process.
Ensure that treatment, surveillance,
6 DO NOT act as a member of the personnel handling the body. and quarantine services are
understood, and meet the needs of
communities.

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HOW PEOPLE MIGHT REACT 1 Before the quarantine

DURING A CRISIS a. Listen to community members, answer questions, and help them to stay
calm. Express concern and sympathy.
An epidemic may draw the following mixed reactions from the public which
hamper efforts to control the further spread of the virus if not addressed. b. Prepare the family for what they can expect during the quarantine. Explain
that everyone must observe the 14 days of quarantine for their own and their
community’s health and safety.

c. Discuss the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and what to do if signs or

symptoms occur.

d. Explain the quarantine process, including:

PANIC & FEAR ANXIETY CONFUSION

because of the unknown, fear owing to uncertainty or the owing to too much or
of falling ill and dying, and rapidly evolving situation conflicting information
losing livelihood
what a quarantine duration of the how to stay safe
is and why it is quarantine during quarantine
important

how the family can signs and symptoms of severe how to contact BHERT
communicate with disease to watch out for:
family members in the
quarantine center Adults: Difficulty breathing,
shortness of breath
DISTRESS MISTRUST & DOUBT STIGMA Children: Difficulty breathing,
from being isolated and on efforts to control the against people or groups inability to drink or breastfeed,
grief from losing loved ones spread of the virus associated with the spread of lethargy, unconsciousness,
COVID-19 convulsions

e. DO NOT raise expectations about the food/non-food items that a family will receive.

f. DO NOT take on the role of a quarantine officer.

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2 During the initial contact tracing visit
YOUR ROLE IS IMPORTANT
a. Remind the family that they may ask any questions about the process. As health workers, volunteers, and social mobilizers, you are one
of the most trusted sources of information in the community and
b. Listen and facilitate to help trained professionals get the information they you can play an important role in helping people cope with the
need in a way that is respectful and compassionate. Look for signs of situation by:
discomfort and look for ways to allay fear and anxiety.
1 Providing timely, accurate, and life-saving information
c. Help engage others in the household for a fuller account of the circumstances,
using your experience, trust, and knowledge of the community. 2 Demonstrating preventive actions

d. DO NOT take on the role of the contact tracing officer. DO NOT burden the 3 Monitoring and addressing rumors and misinformation
family or community by asking them to recount the details of the events
that took place over and over again. 4 Listening to, acknowledging and empathizing with
people’s feelings and concerns, and pointing them to
mental health resources when needed
3 After the surveillance visit or initial contact tracing visit
5 Improving self-efficacy and recognizing people’s efforts
a. Work with the family and community to coordinate any additional visits in to cooperate
such a way that communities are not over-burdened by outsiders and visitors.
6 Building trust and promoting cooperation in the
b. Follow up with the households and ask people if they have any questions government’s overall response
they did not feel comfortable asking at the time of the visit, but which they
might want to share privately.

HOME QUARANTINE
Who is under monitored home quarantine:

Any person who traveled to Any person who traveled to Any person with symptoms
areas with COVID-19 areas with COVID-19 such as fever, and dry cough.
transmission and/or had close transmission and/or had close
contact with a confirmed case contact with a confirmed
and does not show any signs case and with mild
and symptoms within 14 days symptoms within 14 days
after travel or exposure. after travel or exposure.

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HOW TO TALK TO PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITY 4 After the stay in the quarantine center is completed by the patient

Help discharged patients, who were tested negative and are under or completed
1 Use phrases that convey compassion 14 days of self/home isolation, in reintegrating into the community by explaining
to community members that they no longer have COVID-19 and addressing
community concerns, fears, and stigma.

5 If a patient dies in the quarantine center

I understand You have the right
your concerns ... to be (sad, angry ...) ….
a. Inform the family, with empathy, that the patient has died in the quarantine
center and provide information on how the body will be handled with
dignity and respect.

b. Link surviving family members to other services such as mental health and
I hear what you Maybe we can discuss psychosocial support (MHPSS).
are saying ... possible solutions ...

CONTACT TRACING
1 Before the surveillance team or the contact tracing team arrives
I understand that In this situation, your
you are worried ... reaction is normal ... a. Help the family stay calm. Explain that what is about to happen is a
standard procedure and no one is in trouble. This is being done to limit the
spread of the virus so it would be helpful if they told the truth.

b. Remind the family that they should feel free to express their concerns or let
you know if they are feeling uncomfortable with the questioning.
I am concerned With your consent,
about you ... we would like to …
c. Explain that everyone who has had contact with someone who has or may
be infected with COVID-19 must observe the 14-day quarantine for their
own and their community’s health and safety. Make it clear that this does
not mean they will all contract COVID-19.

What we can d. Listen to the family’s concerns and answer questions.

offer is …

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2 When the ambulance arrives

a. Make introductions and help facilitate the conversation between the

ambulance team and the family. Ask for the ambulance siren to be
switched off after arrival. 2 Do not preach, teach, and blame people.
b. Stay with the ambulance team to support them in providing compassion
and support while the family member is taken from the home.
3 Listen and respond patiently to people’s concerns.

...
c. DO NOT act as an ambulance team member.

4 If you don’t have the answers, tell them you will try
to get an answer and return to them. Consult reliable
sources of information such as the DOH website,
DOH Facebook page and the PH COVID-19 Health
Workers Viber Group.

3 During the patient’s stay in the quarantine center

a. Update the family on the status and location of the patient.

b. If one or both parents are admitted to a quarantine center, seek relatives

who can take the child or children back home but ensure that they go with
the personal protection kit.

If no relatives are available to take them back home, refer them to

barangay officials to assist in interim foster care.
Ensure that other family members or relatives are aware of the
whereabouts of the child, provided that it is in the child’s best interests,
and facilitate contact between the family and child as often as possible
during the interim care period.

c. There are cases of violence that may have not been reported during this
critical time. Inform people that reporting and referral services are
continuing amidst the COVID-19 situation.

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 PROTECT YOURSELF AND OTHERS
WHILE ON DUTY

1 Depending on your task and where you are stationed, there is a prescribed
personal protective equipment (PPE) for you. COMMUNICATING IN
2 Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or if unable to SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
do so, clean your hands with at least 70% alcohol, before and after wearing
PPE.
CASE MANAGEMENT
3 Wear, remove, and dispose of your PPE properly according to protocols.
Ensure that personal details remain confidential and are only used for case
4 Never recycle or reuse disposable PPEs. Clean and disinfect reusable PPE management purposes by authorities. Unauthorized disclosure of private and
between use. confidential information about a patient’s medical condition or treatment is
punishable by law.
5 Always put on PPE before touching or coming in close contact with a patient
who is or may be infected. Here's what you can do when you are notified that a sick person has been
reported in your area and when an ambulance has been dispatched.
6 Change PPE immediately if it becomes contaminated or damaged.
1 Before the ambulance arrives
7 Do not adjust or touch PPE during patient care.
a. The sight of an ambulance in the community and health workers in full
PPE can be a fearful experience. Listen to the family’s concerns and help
them to stay calm.

b. Help community members understand that the sick person has not yet
been confirmed to have COVID-19. This will only be confirmed after testing.

c. Explain that to stay protected, they should not

touch the sick person or their body fluids and
items they have touched. They should also keep
a safe distance of at least one meter away from
the sick person.

d. Explain the process to manage expectations

70% and reduce fear. For example, explain that
ambulance team members will be in full PPE
ALCOHOL

and the procedures for transporting the patient

to a quarantine center.

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 GRIEVING KEY MESSAGES
WHEN YOU’VE LOST SOMEONE

GENERAL MESSAGES FOR

THE PUBLIC
What I’m thinking: I should
1 More people are being infected with COVID-19.
have been able to save
that person.
2 COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by a new virus.
It spreads fast and can infect anyone, especially those who
What you can do: Notice: am I talking to myself the way I would talk to have underlying health problems, and the elderly.
a good friend? Could I step back and just feel? Maybe it’s sadness, or
frustration, or just fatigue. Those feelings are normal. And these times are 3 There is no cure for COVID-19 but we can prevent and limit the
distinctly abnormal. spread of the virus.

4 The government is working 24/7 to prevent the further spread

and mitigate the impact of COVID-19.
What I’m thinking: OMG I cannot believe we don’t have
the right equipment / how mean that person was to me / 5 We need to cooperate and take responsibility to protect
how everything I do seems like its blowing up yourselves and others from the virus.

What you can do: Notice: am I letting everything get to me? Is all this
analyzing really about something else? Like how sad this is, how powerless I
SPECIFIC MESSAGES
feel, how puny our efforts look? Under these conditions, such thoughts are to
1 ABOUT THE SITUATION
be expected. But we don’t have to let them suck us under. Can we notice them,
and feel them, maybe share them?
a. COVID-19 is a pandemic and the government has declared
And then ask ourselves: can I step into a less reactive, more balanced place Code Red Alert Sublevel 2, which means that the COVID-19 virus is
even as I move into the next thing? spreading in communities.

b. Everyone should practice preventive actions such as proper hand

washing, physical distancing, and respiratory hygiene.

c. This situation not only poses serious health threats but also
disrupts social and economic activities including work and school
attendance, delivery of social services, transportation, business, and
production and delivery of goods and services.

d. People are generally distressed and need support during this difficult time.

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2 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND TRANSMISSION
What you fear: I don’t know how to tell this adorable grandmother
that I can’t put her in the ICU and that she is going to die.
a. The virus spreads from person to person through:

Droplets that come from an infected person when he/she talks, sneezes,
What you can do: Remember what you can do: you can hear what she’s
and coughs. The droplets may enter another person’s mouth, eyes, and
concerned about, you can explain what’s happening, you can help her prepare,
nose directly or indirectly when another person touches surfaces where
you can be present. These are gifts.
the droplets have settled.

Surfaces, as the virus can last up to several days on them.

What you fear: I have been working all day with infected people
and I am worried I could be passing this on to the
people who matter most.

What you can do: Talk to them about what you are worried about. You can
decide together about what is best. There are no simple answers.
But worries are easier to bear when you share them.

b. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. Few
patients experience aches and pain, nasal congestion, runny nose, and sore What you fear: I am afraid of burnout,
throat. Symptoms may appear between 1 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. and of losing my heart.

What you can do: Can you look for moments every day where you connect
with someone, share something, enjoy something? It is possible to find little
pockets of peace even in the middle of a maelstrom.

c. Not all people infected with the virus will show symptoms, but they can What you fear: I’m worried that I will be overwhelmed and that
continue to transmit the virus. I won’t be able to do what is really the best for my patients.

d. Most people who are infected with the virus recover at home without having
to go to the hospital. They will just need supportive treatment for the What you can do: Check your own state of being, even if you only have a moment.
symptoms. If one extreme is wiped out, and the other is feeling strong, where am I now?
Remember that whatever your own state, that these feelings are inextricable to our
e. Some people develop severe symptoms like difficulty in breathing and need human condition. Can you accept them, not try to push them away, and then decide
hospitalization. In some cases, the COVID-19 virus can cause pneumonia what you need
and even death.

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 3 PREVENTION
[Crying]
a. Wash your hands frequently using soap and water. If unable to do so, use 70%
alcohol. It would be best to use single-use towel to dry your hands or if not
available, air dry them.
I am so sorry for your loss. [Silence][If you feel you must say something:
Take your time. I am here.] BEFORE...

I knew this was coming, but I didn’t realize

it would happen this fast.
Preparing food Eating Breastfeeding Caring for the sick Treating a
cut or wound
I can only imagine how shocking this must be. It is sad. [Silence]
[Wait for them to restart] AFTER...

ANTICIPATING
WHEN YOU’RE WORRYING ABOUT Treating a Caring for the sick Using the Changing a diaper
cut or wound Toilet
WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN

What you fear:

That patient’s son is going to be
very angry. Touching an animal, Touching
Blowing your
nose, coughing, animal feed, garbage
or sneezing or animal waste
What you can do: Before you go in the room, take a moment for one deep
breath. What’s the anger about? Love, responsibility, fear?

Handling Visiting a Returning home/

money public place coming back
indoors

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 b. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth or nose with your bent elbow
or a tissue. Throw the tissue into a bin. If you cough/sneeze into your hand, I am not sure what my spouse wanted—
don’t touch anything and immediately wash your hands with soap and water. we never spoke about it.

You know, many people find themselves in the same boat. This is a hard
situation. To be honest, given their overall condition now, if we need to put
them on a breathing machine or do CPR, they will not make it. The odds are
just against us. My recommendation is that we accept that he will not live
much longer and allow him to pass on peacefully. I suspect that may be hard
to hear. What do you think?

NOTIFYING
WHEN YOU ARE TELLING SOMEONE

c. When outside the home, wear a mask and keep at least a one-meter distance
from others. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. Hands get in contact
with many things that can be contaminated with the virus. Yes I’m his daughter.
I am 5 hours away.
d. If you have been to areas with local transmission or had close contact with
someone who has or may be infected with COVID-19, inform your local
health worker and stay at home for 14 days, without any physical contact I have something serious to talk about with you. Are you in a place
with anyone at home (home quarantine) whether or not you are showing where you can talk?
symptoms. If you experience shortness of breath within the 14-day
quarantine, call your nearest local health worker or local COVID hotlines.

e. Stay updated on the COVID-19 situation in the country and in your

community and proactively share correct information from reliable sources What is going on?
such as DOH, WHO, and UNICEF to prevent the spread of rumors and Has something happened?
misinformation.

I am calling about your father. He died a short time ago.

The cause was COVID19.

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 DECIDING 4 THE GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE TO COVID-19

WHEN THINGS AREN’T GOING WELL, a. DOH is responsible for:

GOALS OF CARE, CODE STATUS closely monitoring individuals showing signs of respiratory infection and a history of
travel to areas with COVID-19 cases
strengthening COVID-19 testing capacity, hospital preparedness, and rapid response
regularly updating the public about the COVID-19 situation and preventive actions
and responding to key concerns
I want everything possible. procuring PPEs for frontline workers
I want to live. working with airlines and airport authorities to strengthen border surveillance and
heightening its community surveillance
providing optimal medical and health care services to COVID-19 patients
We are doing everything we can. This is a tough situation. Could we step
back for a moment so I can learn more about you? What do I need to know b. All local government units and other government agencies including the Department
about you to do a better job taking care of you? of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Department of Agriculture, Department
of Education (DepEd), Department of Transportation (DOTr), Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI), and the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) are also
stepping up measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.

c. The government needs everyone to cooperate by strictly following guidelines and

I don’t think my spouse advisories to control the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact and taking
would have wanted this. responsibility to protect yourself and others.

Well, let’s pause and talk about what they would have wanted. Can you tell
me what they considered most important in their life? What meant the most
to them, gave their life meaning?

I don’t want to end up being a vegetable

or on a machine.

B AR AN G AY HALL
Thank you, it is very important for me to know that. Can you say more
about what you mean?

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KEY MESSAGES FOR SPECIFIC GROUPS
I need some hope.

1 ELDERLY & PEOPLE WITH UNDERLYING HEALTH

CONDITIONS Tell me about the things you are hoping for? I want to understand more.

You people are

incompetent!
Stay at home and Monitor your health
limit your exposure to at all times.
other people.
I can see why you are not happy with things. I am willing to do what is in my
power to improve things for you. What could I do that would help?

Eat healthy Continue taking Drink 8 to 10 I want to talk to your boss.

your maintenance glasses of
medications (if any) water daily

I can see you are frustrated. I will ask my boss to come by as soon as
ZZZ they can. Please realize that they are juggling many things right now.

150 minutes of moderate- Get enough Stay connected

intensity physical activity sleep for about with loved ones Do I need to say
throughout the week 6 to 8 hours.
my goodbyes?

If you experience mild symptoms such as fever or dry cough, call a health I’m hoping that’s not the case. And I worry time could indeed be short.
worker and self-isolate for 14 days. If your symptoms worsen or if you’re having What is most pressing on your mind?
difficulty in breathing, immediately call your Barangay/City/Municipality
COVID-19 hotline for assistance and proper medical attention.

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 2 PARENTS/HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS/HOUSEKEEPERS
[When a COVID-19 patient is in the hospital/relative of a
patient asks to visit] Are you saying that no one can visit me?
a. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily such as
doorknobs, light switches, and phones. To disinfect, wipe items and
surfaces using a cloth soaked in regular household disinfectant solution
I know it is hard to not have visitors. The risk of spreading the virus is so high or a 70% alcohol solution.
that I am sorry to say we cannot allow visitors. They will be in more danger if
they come into the hospital. I wish things were different. You can use your
phone, although I realize that is not quite the same.
1 liter
2 tsp. water
liquid bleach

b. Practice physical distancing with family members who are sick and
How can you not
have underlying illnesses or the elderly.
let me in for a visit?
c. When going to public spaces, such as grocery stores and drugstores,
wear a mask and avoid touching your nose, mouth, and eyes. Make sure to
The risk of spreading the virus is so high that I am sorry to say we cannot clean your hands before wearing and after disposing the mask. Wash your
allow visitors. We can help you be in contact electronically. I wish I could let hands with soap and water afterwards.
you visit, because I know it’s important. Sadly, it is not possible now.
d. Remind every member of the household to: frequently wash their hands
with soap and water for at least 20 seconds; observe sneeze and cough
etiquette; handle food safely and properly; and wear a mask and practice
physical distancing when going outside the home.

COUNSELING
WHEN COPING NEEDS A BOOST,
OR EMOTIONS ARE RUNNING HIGH

e. Ensure that supplies such as soap, face masks,

alcohol (70% alcohol) or alcohol-based hand sanitizers
I’m scared. and disinfectants are available in your home.

f. Ensure good mental health

This is such a tough situation. I think anyone would be scared. Maintain your regular routines for eating, sleeping,
Could you share more with me? and exercising and continue doing the things you love
while staying protected against COVID-19.
Stay connected via telephone, e-mail, social media,
or video conference.

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 g. Make sure that your children have enough
support during these difficult times.
ADMITTING
WHEN YOUR PATIENT NEEDS
Listen and make time for them. Acknowledge THE HOSPITAL, OR THE ICU
their fears and distress.
Comfort and calm them down when needed.
Do not be angry if your child is being
aggressive, clingy or is bedwetting. These are Does this mean I have
signs of distress. Be patient, help your child COVID19?
adapt and find out what is bothering him or
her.
Stick to their usual routine as much as
We will need to test you with a nasal and throat swab, and we will know the
possible.
result by tomorrow or the day after. It is normal to feel stressed when you are
waiting for results, so do things that help keep your mind off this.

How bad is this?

From the information I have now and from my exam, your situation is serious
enough that you should be in the hospital. We will know more within the next
few days while in our care, and we will update you regarding your condition.

3 PEOPLE CARING FOR FAMILY MEMBERS WITH MILD

SYMPTOMS Is my grandfather going to make it?

a. Ensure that the sick person stays at home during the home
quarantine period unless there is shortness of breath or the overall I imagine you are scared. Here’s what I can say: because he is 90, and is
condition gets worse. If this happens, seek medical attention. already dealing with other illnesses, it is quite possible that he will not make it
out of the hospital. Honestly, it is too soon to say for certain.
b. Confine the sick person in their own room. If this is not possible,
ensure that they practice physical distancing and always wear a mask.

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 c. Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces that are frequently touched
I am this person’s proxy / health care agent. I know their
medical condition is bad—that they probably wouldn’t survive the virus.
by the sick person at least daily.
Do you have to take them to the hospital?

It is so helpful for you to speak for them, thank you. If their medical condition 500ml
did get worse, we could arrange for hospice (or palliative care) to see them 2 tsp. water
where they are. We can hope for the best and plan for the worst. liquid bleach

d. If using a common family bathroom, clean and disinfect the toilet

after each use by the sick person.

e. Use mask and gloves to avoid direct contact with body fluids or
TRIAGING contaminated items in their immediate environment such as bed linens.

WHEN YOU’RE DECIDING WHERE f. Serve meal trays by the bedroom door for the sick person to pick up.
A PATIENT SHOULD GO When done, retrieve the used utensils and dishes using disposable
gloves to avoid contamination. Wash your hands with soap and
water or alcohol-based hand sanitizer afterwards.
Why shouldn’t I just
go to the hospital? g. Do not share utensils, dishes, and drinks with the patient.

Our primary concern is your safety. There is a possibility for you to get sick
even more in a hospital, whether it be from COVID-19 or other illnesses, if you 4 PREGNANT WOMEN
didn’t need to be hospitalized in the first place. The safest way is to call the
DOH Telemedicine hotlines or your BHERT to confirm your condition with a
a. Currently, there is no evidence showing the impact of COVID-19 on
medical professional. It will be faster for you and others
pregnant women and unborn babies.

b. Just like everyone else, you should practice proper handwashing,

sneeze and cough etiquette, and social distancing.
Why are you keeping me
out of the hospital? c. Continue with your prenatal check-ups as scheduled. When
experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 or other illnesses, contact your
health care provider immediately and follow his/her advice.
I imagine you are worried and want the best possible care. Right now, the
hospital has become a dangerous place unless you really, really need it. d. Continue taking your iron folic acid supplement and eat healthy and
The safest thing for you is to ___. nutritious food. Avoid food and drinks high in salt, fat, and sugar.

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 5 BREASTFEEDING WOMEN WITH COVID-19 PREFERENCING
a. Breastfeeding is highly beneficial for both mother and baby. Even if WHEN SOMEONE MAY WANT TO
infected with COVID-19, you should continue breastfeeding your baby. OPT OUT OF HOSPITALIZATION

b. Wear a mask during feeding and wash your hands with soap and
water before and after touching your breasts and your baby. Clean I am worried about this
new virus. What should I
and disinfect surfaces that you have touched.
be doing?
c. If you are too unwell to breastfeed your baby, you can express and
store breastmilk. Ask an adult caregiver to give it to your baby using
You are right to be concerned. Here’s what you can do. Please limit your
a spoon or feeding cup whenever needed.
contact with others—we call it physical distancing. Then you should pick a
person who knows you well enough to talk to doctors for you if you did get
really sick. That person is your proxy. Finally, if you are the kind of person who
would say, no thanks, I don’t want to go to the hospital, you should tell us
6 LOCAL OFFICIALS AND LOCAL EMERGENCY and your proxy.
HEALTH TEAMS

a. Keep everyone in your community, regardless of race, nationality, or

ethnicity, informed about the COVID-19 situation and preventive I realize that I’m not doing well medically even without
actions according to government protocols. Help them understand this new virus. I want to take my chances at home /
why their cooperation is important. in this long term care facility.

b. Establish hotlines and other ways for people to openly communicate

their needs and concerns and give feedback about the response. Thank you for telling me that. What I am hearing is that you would rather
not go to the hospital if we suspected that you have the virus. Did I get
c. Implement ways to reduce stigma and discrimination among individuals that right?
and groups such as health workers, patients, and those who have
recovered.

d. Ensure that frontline workers have access to PPEs, disinfectants, I don’t want to come to the end of my life like a vegetable
transportation to and from areas of work, and relevant training. being kept alive on a machine. [in a long term care facility
or at home]
e. Support families that were separated brought by isolation or treatment
for COVID-19 and those who have lost their loved ones due to COVID-19.
I respect that. Here’s what I’d like to propose. We will continue to take care
of you. The best case is that you don’t get the virus. The worst case is that
f. Explain safe and dignified burial protocols to families of people who
you get the virus despite our precautions—and then we will keep you here
died of COVID-19.
and make sure you are comfortable for as long as you are with us.

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 SCREENING g. Inform people how and where to access primary
health care services and key medicine and supplies
WHEN SOMEONE IS WORRIED ABOUT
such as vaccines, maintenance medications, anti-
THE TESTING PROCESS
retroviral drugs, Ready-to-use Therapeutic Food,
and family planning supplies.

h. Ensure that response and protective services for

Why aren’t they victims of gender-based violence and violence
testing everybody? against children are available.

i. Set up public handwashing facilities or hand

We don’t have enough test kits. I wish it were different. sanitizer stations at the entrances to key public
buildings and spaces.

Why do the tests

take so long?

7 COMMUNITY AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS

I know it’s hard to wait. But there is a process that each test has to go through
to make sure the results are correct. Those in the laboratories are working very a. Keep your community informed and updated about the COVID-19 situation
hard to make sure people get their test results as quickly as they can. and help them understand why it is important for them to cooperate.

b. Promote preventive actions such as self-isolation, social

distancing, proper handwashing, and cough etiquette.

How come the politicians c. Implement measures to prevent or limit the spread of the virus within
got tested? your group such as modifying religious rituals/practices and postponing
or canceling mass gatherings or meetings.

d. Inform your members who had a family member who died of COVID-19
about the safe and dignified burial protocols. If the protocols violate or
I can imagine it feels unfair. I don’t know the details, but what I can tell you is are not consistent with your group’s beliefs and practices, discuss with
that was a different time. The situation is changing so fast that what we did a the health workers to agree on how to meet the safety standards.
week ago is not what we are doing today.

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 8 FAMILIES OF PEOPLE WHO DIED OF COVID-19
COMMUNICATING IN
a. Losing a loved one is sad and difficult for you and your family. It is important
to honor and pay your last respects to your loved one who died because of
COVID-19 but this should be done in a way that is safe for you, your family,
DIFFICULT SITUATIONS
and others.
There are challenging situations and topics related to COVID-19 and
b. Do not touch, kiss, clean, or wrap the body. questions that are difficult to answer. Use the following as your guide on how
to respond.
c. Burial or cremation will be done within 12 hours. Only a limited number of
family members is allowed to visit the body and will be asked to maintain
1 to 2 meters distance from the coffin. GENERAL TIPS
d. Handling the body of the person who died from COVID-19 entails standard
Be respectful, polite and empathetic.
measures and safety protocols that a licensed funeral parlor is trained to do.
Be aware that people who are suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, and
any visitors accompanying them, may be stressed or afraid.
e. If any of these violate your cultural or religious beliefs and practices, discuss Listen carefully to questions and concerns.
with religious or community leaders and health professionals in your Use local language and speak slowly. Avoid using jargon (like medical terms).
community to explore alternative ways to ensure a dignified yet safe burial. Explain the best you can in plain language.
Answer any questions and provide correct information about COVID-19.
You may not have an answer for every question. A lot is still unknown about
9 PEOPLE WHO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST INDIVIDUALS COVID-19 and it is okay to admit that.
AND GROUPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPREAD OF If available, share information pamphlets or handouts with your patients.
It is okay to touch, or comfort suspect (PUI) and confirmed patients when
COVID-19 (E.G. FRONTLINE WORKERS, PEOPLE WITH OR MAY BE wearing PPE.
INFECTED WITH COVID-19)
Gather accurate information from the patient: their name, date of birth, travel
history, list of symptoms, among others.
a. Stigma and discrimination hurt people’s feelings. No one deserves to be
Explain the healthcare facility’s procedure for COVID-19, such as isolation and
treated this way.
limited visitors, and the next steps.
If the patient is a child, admit a family member or guardian to accompany
b. If people are discriminated, they may hide their illness, which
them – the guardian should be provided and use appropriate personal
worsens their condition while putting more people at risk. They may protective equipment.
be discouraged to seek help from others and to practice healthy Provide updates to visitors and family when possible.
behaviors. Involve your patients in the treatment decision-making process. Make sure
that they can voice out their concerns and openly ask questions. You are there
c. For those people who have recovered from COVID-19, we should to listen and address their concerns.
celebrate their recovery instead of putting them down. Change the focus of any potential miscommunication or argument into action,
by giving the patient two or three options with balanced information. It helps
d. Nobody wants to be infected with COVID-19. Let us spread compassion to redirect the patient to a solution-focused path.
and kindness to our frontline health workers and others who are
caring for those who are sick, people who are or may be infected
with COVID-19, and those who have recovered.

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