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    2 - Wastewater Treatment Techniqes

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    79Jay Sheth
    The document describes the various stages of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary treatment involves removing solids and organic matter through sedimentation. Secondary treatment further removes organic matter and suspended solids using biological processes like activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment employs filtration and disinfection to remove remaining solids and pathogens. Each stage builds upon the last to progressively clean the water to acceptable standards for discharge or reuse.

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    2 - Wastewater Treatment Techniqes

    Uploaded by

    79Jay Sheth
    78 views37 pages
    The document describes the various stages of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary treatment involves removing solids and organic matter through sedimentation. Secondary treatment further removes organic matter and suspended solids using biological processes like activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment employs filtration and disinfection to remove remaining solids and pathogens. Each stage builds upon the last to progressively clean the water to acceptable standards for discharge or reuse.

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    Wastewater Treatment Techniques

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    2_Wastewater Treatment Techniqes

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    The document describes the various stages of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary treatment involves removing solids and organic matter through sedimentation. Secondary treatment further removes organic matter and suspended solids using biological processes like activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment employs filtration and disinfection to remove remaining solids and pathogens. Each stage builds upon the last to progressively clean the water to acceptable standards for discharge or reuse.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views37 pages

    2 - Wastewater Treatment Techniqes

    Uploaded by

    79Jay Sheth
    The document describes the various stages of wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary treatment involves removing solids and organic matter through sedimentation. Secondary treatment further removes organic matter and suspended solids using biological processes like activated sludge or oxidation ponds. Tertiary treatment employs filtration and disinfection to remove remaining solids and pathogens. Each stage builds upon the last to progressively clean the water to acceptable standards for discharge or reuse.

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    Preliminary Treatment

    Primary Treatment

    Secondary Treatment

    Tertiary Treatment
    Preliminary Treatment
    Removal of waste water constituents
    such as rags, sticks, floatable grit, and
    grease that may cause maintenance or
    operational problem with the
    treatment operations, processes, and
    ancil1ary systems
    Preliminary Treatment
    Preliminary treatment consists of following units
    • Screening For removal of floating matter.
    • Grit Chamber For removal of sand and grits.
    • Comminuters For grinding large size suspended solids
    • Floatation Units For removal of oil and grease
    • Skimming Tanks
    • Flow Measuring units such as partial flume
    • Pumps
    • Pre-aeration Units
    Primary Treatment
    Removal of a portion of the suspended
    solids and organic matter from
    the wastewater.
    Advanced Primary Treatment
    Enhanced removal of suspended
    solids and organic matter from the
    wastewater. Typically
    accomplished by chemical
    addition or filtration known as
    Coagulation and Flocculation.
    Primary Treatment
    Primary treatment consists of following
    processes/units
    • Sedimentation Primary Settling Tanks
    • Coagulation Secondary Settling Tank
    • Flocculation
    Secondary Treatment
    Removal of biodegradable organic
    matter [insoluble or suspension state}
    and suspended solids. Disinfection is
    also typically included in the
    definition of conventional secondary
    treatment
    Secondary Treatment with
    Nutrient Removal
    Removal of biodegradable
    organics, suspended solids, and
    nutrients (nitrogen phosphorus, or
    both nitrogen and phosphorus)
    Secondary Treatment
    Secondary Treatment Process for Wastewater
    Applications:
    • Aeration Systems
    • Biological Treatment Systems
    • Sludge and Bio solids Processing Systems
    Secondary treatment consists of following
    processes.
    • Activated Sludge Process
    • Oxidation Ponds and lagoons
    • Trickling Filter
    Removal of residual suspended solids
    (after secondary treatment),
    usually by granular medium filtration or
    micro screens. Disinfection is
    also typically a part of tertiary treatment.
    Nutrient removal is often
    included in this definition
    Tertiary Treatment
    Tertiary treatment consists of following
    processes and units.
    • Membrane Filtration and Separation
    • Dechlorination and Disinfection Systems
    • Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems
    • Ion Exchange
    • Activated Carbon Adsorption
    • Physical/Chemical Treatment
    Functions of Water Treatment Units
    Unit Treatment Function (Removal)
    Screening Floating matter
    Sedimentation Suspended matter
    Coagulation Suspended matter, a part of colloidal
    matter and bacteria
    Chemical methods Iron, Manganese, etc.
    Filtration Remaining colloidal dissolved matter,
    bacteria
    Disinfection Pathogenic bacteria, Organic matter
    and Reducing substances
    Softening Hardness
    Aeration, chemicals use Colour, Odour, Taste
    Source of Domestic Wastewater

    5%
    10% Toilet Flushing
    40%
    15% Bathing
    Laundry
    30% Kitchen
    Others
    I E
    N F
    F F
    L L
    U U
    E E
    N N
    T T
    Plan of a Typical Waste Water Treatment Plant
    Primary Treatment Process
    Sedimentation is primary treatment
    Process.
    Sedimentation is a physical water
    treatment process used to settle out
    suspended solids in water under
    the influence of gravity.
    Removal Efficiency of Primary
    Treatment Process :
    • Removal efficiency of Biological Oxygen
    Demand (B. O.D.) in primary treatment
    process is 30%

    • Removal efficiency of Total Suspended


    Solids (T.S.S.) in primary treatment process
    is 60%
    Typical Primary Treatment Plant
    with preliminary treatment process
    Sedimentation Tank
    Secondary Treatment Process
    Stabilization ponds & Lagoons:
    • The stabilization ponds are open flow through
    basins specifically designed and constructed to treat
    sewage and biodegradable industrial wastes.
    • They provide long detention periods extending from
    a few to several days.
    • Pond systems, in which oxygen is provided through
    mechanical aeration rather than algal photosynthesis
    are called aerated lagoons.
    • Lightly loaded ponds used as tertiary step in waste
    treatment for polishing of secondary effluents and
    removal of bacteria are called maturation ponds.
    Activate Sludge Process
    In activated sludge process wastewater
    containing organic matter is aerated in an
    aeration basin in which micro-organisms
    metabolize the suspended and soluble
    organic matter.
    Activated sludge plant
    involves:
    • wastewater aeration in the presence of a
    microbial suspension
    • solid-liquid separation following aeration
    • discharge of clarified effluent
    • wasting of excess biomass, and
    • return of remaining biomass to the aeration
    tank.
    Removal Efficiency of
    Activated Sludge Process :
    Metal Removal Efficiency

    Al <20%
    Mo <20%
    As <20%
    Pb 20-50%
    Mn 20-50%
    Ag 20-50%
    Cd >50%
    Fe >50%
    Cr >50%
    Classification of Stabilization Ponds
    Stabilization ponds may be aerobic, anaerobic or facultative.
    Aerobic ponds are shallow ponds with depth less than 0.5
    m so as to maximize penetration of light throughout the
    liquid depth. Such ponds develop intense algal growth.
    Anaerobic ponds are used as pre-treatment of high
    strength wastes. Such ponds are constructed with a depth
    of 2.5-5m as light penetration is unimportant.

    Facultative pond functions aerobically at the surface while


    anaerobic conditions prevail at the bottom. They are often
    about 1 to 2 m in depth. The aerobic layer acts as a good check
    against odour evolution from the pond.
    Oxidation Ditch
    The oxidation ditch is a modified form
    of "extended aeration" of activated
    sludge process. The ditch consists of a
    long continuous channel oval in shape
    with two surface rotors placed across
    the channel.
    A Typical Oxidation Ditch
    A View of Oxidation Ditch
    Tertiary Treatment
    Process
    Tertiary
    process.
    treatment process consists of following

    • Filtration Process (Trickling Filter)


    • Disinfection Process

    Trickling Filter is an attached growth


    process i.e. process in which
    microorganisms responsible for treatment
    are attached to an inert packing material.
    Removal Efficiency of
    Trickling Filter
    The Removal efficiency of Total
    Organic Carbon (T. O. C.) from
    Trickling Filter is greater than
    90%
    Working of Trickling
    Filter
    Tricklin
    g Filter
    Top view of Trickling Filter

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