Cambridge IGCSE™

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BIOLOGY 0610/33
Paper 3 Theory (Core) May/June 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LEG/SG) 202244/4
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1 (a) State the name of the large group of organisms that includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans
and myriapods.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a key that identifies nine genera of invertebrates that have jointed legs.

invertebrates with jointed legs

more than five pairs

three pairs of legs four pairs of legs five pairs of legs
of legs

INSECTS ARACHNIDS CRUSTACEANS MYRIAPODS

no wings no tail tail short long one pair of two pairs

wings antennae antennae legs on of legs
each on each
segment segment
1 pair 2 pairs
of of
wings wings

Pulex Musca Apis Araneus Heterometrus Cancer Homarus Lithobius Octoglena

Fig. 1.1

(i) Use the information in Fig. 1.1 to describe two features of Musca.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(ii) Fig. 1.2 shows one of the animals described in the key.

pedipalp
legs

Fig. 1.2

Use the key in Fig. 1.1 to identify this animal.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

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2 (a) (i) State the name of the process that occurs in the presence of chlorophyll.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the mineral ion the plant needs to make chlorophyll.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the structure that contains chlorophyll in a plant cell.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a diagram of a cross-section of a leaf.

Fig. 2.1

(i) State the letter that identifies the part of the leaf that contains the most chlorophyll in
Fig. 2.1.

......................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the tissue in the leaf that does not contain chlorophyll.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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3 All living organisms need water. Most plants obtain water from the soil.

(a) (i) State the pathway taken by water as it enters and passes through a plant.

Use words from the list to fill in the spaces.

mesophyll cells root cortex cells root hair cells xylem vessels

enters ................................. à ................................. à ................................. à .................................

[2]

(ii) Some of the water that enters the plant is used for transpiration.

Define the term transpiration.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) State two ways a plant uses water other than for transpiration.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Fig. 3.1 shows apparatus that can be used to measure water loss in a plant.

thermometer plant

plastic bag
pot of damp soil

325.0 g balance

Fig. 3.1

Suggest a reason why the pot of damp soil was placed inside a sealed plastic bag.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The apparatus shown in Fig. 3.1 was used in an investigation. The results of this investigation
are shown in Fig. 3.2.

Readings were taken at hourly intervals during the day between 9:00 and 16:00.

2.0 35

rate of
water loss
from 1.5 30
100 g temperature
temperature
of leaves / °C
/ g per
hour 1.0 25

water loss
0.5 20

0.0 15
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00
time of day

Fig. 3.2

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(i) Use the information in Fig. 3.2 to state:

the maximum rate of water loss from 100 g of leaves ...................................... g per hour

the time at which the temperature was highest .................................................................

the maximum temperature reached during the investigation ....................................... °C

[3]

(ii) Describe the relationship between temperature and the rate of water loss from leaves
shown in Fig. 3.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 14]

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows part of the human nervous system.

Fig. 4.1

(a) (i) State the two parts of the central nervous system.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Describe the main function of the nervous system.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Fig. 4.2 shows three different types of neurone.

These cells are used in some reflex actions.

K
not to scale

Fig. 4.2

(i) State the names of cells H and K in Fig. 4.2.

H ........................................................................................................................................

K ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Describe one feature of a reflex action.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State one example of a reflex action.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) Certain types of drugs can affect the nervous system.

Heroin and alcohol both affect reflex actions.

(i) State one effect of heroin on the nervous system.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one long-term effect of excessive consumption of alcohol.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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5 (a) The four boxes on the left contain definitions of processes carried out by the alimentary canal.

The six boxes on the right contain the names of processes.

Draw a straight line to join each definition to the matching process.

Draw only four lines.

definition process

absorption

The breakdown of large, insoluble

assimilation
molecules into small, soluble molecules.

The movement of digested food

molecules into the cells of the body where chemical digestion
they are used, becoming part of the cells.

The passing out of food that has not been

digested or absorbed, as faeces, through egestion
the anus.

The taking of food substances, e.g. food

and drink, into the body through the mechanical digestion
mouth.

ingestion

[4]

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(b) Fig. 5.1 shows yeast being used to produce alcohol.

A mixture of yeast and fruit juice is placed in a jar. Fruit juice contains sugar.

A valve lets gas out of the jar but stops gas from entering the jar.

valve

gas escaping from

the liquid

jar

mixture of yeast
and fruit juice

Fig. 5.1

(i) State the name of the process that the yeast uses to make alcohol.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the gas produced when yeast makes alcohol.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the gas that must be stopped from entering the jar when alcohol is
being made.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the name of the group of chemicals that yeast uses to catalyse the breakdown of
glucose molecules.

Choose your answer from the list.

antibiotics antibodies enzymes hormones

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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6 Fig. 6.1 is a section of a flower that has both male and female parts.

Parts of the flower are labelled with the letters L to S.

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) Describe a function of each of the parts labelled L, N and Q.

L ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

N ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Q .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) State the names of parts M, P, R and S.

M .......................................................................................................................................

P ........................................................................................................................................

R ........................................................................................................................................

S ........................................................................................................................................
[4]

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(b) Fig. 6.2 shows a mature maize plant. Maize plants have separate male and female flowers.

Maize plants are pollinated by the wind.

pollen
male flowers
(tassels)

female flowers
(cobs)

Fig. 6.2

(i) Use the information in Fig. 6.2 to describe how the position of the male and female
flowers can increase the chance of pollination taking place.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) Describe two ways pollen from an insect-pollinated flower differs from pollen from a
wind-pollinated flower.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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7 (a) Define the terms herbivore and carnivore.

herbivore ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

carnivore ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows some organisms collected from underneath a rotting log.

not to scale
Fig. 7.1

Fig. 7.2 can be used to identify these organisms.

herbivores

soil mite potworm slug springtail millipede

carnivores

centipede ground beetle rove beetle

not to scale
Fig. 7.2
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Some students used Fig. 7.2 to identify and count the numbers of each soil organism.

Some of their results are shown in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1

herbivores carnivores
names of millipedes potworms slugs soil springtails centipedes ground rove
organisms mites beetles beetles
number of
organisms ..........
3 1 ..........
7 2 .......... ..........
total
number of 21 7
organisms

(i) Complete Table 7.1 by identifying and counting the four remaining named organisms in
Fig. 7.1.

Write your answers in the four spaces in Table 7.1.

[2]

(ii) Use the information in Table 7.1 to draw a pyramid of numbers in Fig. 7.3.

Write the names of the two types of organism in the spaces at the side.

The row for the rotting log (the producer) has been done for you.

pyramid of numbers type of organism

...................................

...................................

producer

Fig. 7.3
[3]

[Total: 7]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows an area of land where the trees have been cut down.

Fig. 8.1

(a) (i) List three undesirable effects of deforestation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Deforested land may be used for growing monocultures of crop plants.

Describe the negative impacts to an ecosystem of large-scale monocultures of crop

plants.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) Replanting trees in deforested areas can help to conserve endangered species.

Describe two other ways that endangered species can be conserved.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 is a label taken from a container of semi-skimmed milk.

The milk is pasteurised and some of the milk fat has been removed.

Nutritional information per 100 cm3 of milk

Fresh Energy 209 kJ
Pasteurised Carbohydrate 4.8 g
Semi Fat 1.7 g
Skimmed Protein 3.6 g
MILK Fibre 0.0 g
Salt 0.1 g
Fig. 9.1

(i) Fig. 9.1 gives information about five groups of nutrients.

State two parts of a balanced diet that are missing from the label.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State the name of the group of organisms that produce milk to feed their young.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Describe the dietary importance of fats, carbohydrates and proteins in the human diet.

fats ....................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

carbohydrates ...................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

proteins .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

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(ii) State the name of the element which is present in a protein but which is not found in fats
or carbohydrates.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Some doctors recommend that people with a risk of coronary heart disease should drink
skimmed or semi-skimmed milk instead of whole milk.

State two risk factors for coronary heart disease, other than diet.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows the results of crossing a plant with red flowers with a plant with white flowers.

Key:
parents

red flowers

white flowers

offspring

Fig. 10.1

Both of the parent plants were homozygous for flower colour.

All of their offspring had red flowers.

(i) State what is meant by the term homozygous.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The gene controlling flower colour in this plant species has two alleles:

• R is dominant and represents the allele for red flowers

• r is recessive and represents the allele for white flowers.

Describe the evidence shown in Fig. 10.1 that supports the fact that R is the dominant
allele for flower colour in this species of plant.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Another plant with red flowers was crossed with a plant with white flowers.

Some of the offspring plants from this cross had red flowers and some of the offspring plants
had white flowers.

Complete the genetic diagram to show the results of this cross.

red-flowered white-flowered
X
plant plant

parental genotypes ........................ X ........................

parental gametes .......... .......... .......... ..........

offspring genotypes ..................................................................................................................

offspring phenotypes ................................................................................................................

[5]

[Total: 7]

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