ELEPRA2

Tutorial letter 102

Electrical Engineering II (Practical guide)

ELEPRA2

Year Module

Electrical and Mining Engineering

IMPORTANT INFORMATION:

This tutorial letter contains important information

about your module.
Dear Student

This tutorial letter contains the practical experiments to be completed for the module ELEPRA2. Please
note the following:

1. If you have received a kit in 2017/2018/2019, you can use that same kit to do your
experiments this year. Components which are specified for experiment and not supplied
in the kit may be purchased by a student at any electronic/electrical shop.
2. Do the experiments and compile the report in your results on the applicable pages.
3. Attach the page of a signed preparation at the back of your report and submit it as your
Assignment 02 for this subject.
4. It is optional for you to use the workbench software, NI MultiSim in order to confirm your
practical results and submit both practical results and simulated results.
5. Please note that an ECSA registered professional mentor is preferable. If you cannot find
an ECSA registered professional mentor, any professional person may be your mentor.
This person must supervise your experiments in order to verify that you have submitted
your own work.
6. Attached the declaration of own work which is signed by you and your mentor with in
your report.
7. Students have to provide their own multi-meter.
8. Please make copies of your results before submitting it.

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Laboratory Requirements.

The aim of laboratories is to reinforce theory. Practical circuits can be built to confirm the content of the
prescribed text book.

In order to do the laboratories the student will require the equipment and components listed below:

➢ Breadboard
➢ DC Power supply.

➢ Various components like resistors, inductors and capacitors as stipulated on the

experiment.

➢ Oscilloscope

➢ Function generator

➢ NI Software package

Workbench Software

NI Circuit Design Suite 14.1

The National Instruments (NI) Circuit Design Suite is a suite of EDA (Electrical Design Automation) tools
that assists you in carrying out the major steps in the circuit design flow.

Multisim is the schematic capture and simulation program designed for schematic entry, simulation, and
feeding to downstage steps, such as PCB layout. Multisim also includes mixed analog/digital simulation
capability.

The Multisim MCU Module adds microcontroller co-simulation.

Ultiboard, fed from Multisim, is used to design printed circuit boards, perform certain basic mechanical
CAD operations, and prepare them for manufacturing. Ultiboard also provides automated parts
placement and layout.

Use the simulation software to virtually build and run your experiments. In instances where you don’t
have the necessary equipment, e.g. oscilloscope, the software will be very useful.

Installing NI Circuit Design Suite 14.1

This section describes the system requirements and installation procedures for NI Circuit Design Suite.

3
Minimum System Requirements

To run NI Circuit Design Suite 14.1, National Instruments recommends that your
system meet the following requirements:

• Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 or later, or Windows XP

• Pentium 4 class microprocessor or equivalent (Pentium III class minimum)
• 512 MB of memory (256 MB minimum)
• 1.5 GB of free hard disk space (1 GB minimum)
• Open GL® capable 3D graphics card recommended (SVGA resolution video
adapter with 800×600 video resolution minimum, 1024×768 or higher
preferred)

• To develop custom LabVIEW based instruments for use in Multisim, LabVIEW 8.0.x or
higher is required

Installation Instructions

The NI Circuit Design Suite 14.1 installer installs all products in the suite:
Multisim, Ultiboard, and the Multisim MCU Module.

It is recommended that you close all open applications before you

install NI Circuit Design Suite.

Unless you specify another location during installation, the NI Circuit Design
Suite installation program copies files to <Program Files>\National
Instruments\Circuit Design Suite 14.1 after you complete the
following steps:

1. Insert the NI Circuit Design Suite CD into the CD-ROM drive. If the CD
startup screen is not visible, select Run from the Windows Start menu and run setup.exe
from your CD.

2. Follow the instructions in the dialog boxes.

Product Activation

When you run a product in the NI Circuit Design Suite for the first time, it will
prompt you to activate a license for that product. For this you will need the Certificate of Ownership
included in the NI Circuit Design Suite 14.1 package.

For information about how to activate your software product, please refer to the
Note to Users Activation Instructions for National Instruments Software leaflet included with your NI
Circuit Design Suite 14.1 package.

If you do not activate a valid license, the product will run in Evaluation Mode and
continue to prompt you to activate a license on each subsequent run. Evaluation
Mode is valid for 30 days following the first run of the product.

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Note: To run the Multisim MCU Module, place a component from the MCU
Module group on a Multisim circuit or open a Multisim file that contains a
component from the MCU Module group.

5
VOLTAGE RULES:

If you are working with energised circuits make sure the person next to you can hear you. If you intend
to work on a project using power sources over 220 Vmax, you must get permission from the Laboratory
technician before any work begins.

PREVENT ACCIDENTS: FOLLOW THIS ADVICE

• Never hurry. Work deliberately and carefully.

• Connect to the power source LAST.

• If you are working with a lab kit that has internal power supplies, turn the main power
switch OFF before you begin work on the circuits. Wait a few seconds for power
supply capacitors to discharge. These steps will also help prevent damage to circuits.

• If you are working with a circuit that will be connected to an external power supply,
turn the power switch of the external supply OFF before you begin work on the circuit.

• Check circuit power supply voltages for proper value and for type (DC, AC, frequency)
before energizing the circuit.

• Do not run wires over moving or rotating equipment, or on the floor, or string them
across walkways from bench-to-bench.

• Remove conductive watch bands or chains, finger rings, wrist watches, etc., and do
not use metallic pencils, metal or metal edge rulers, etc. when working with exposed
circuits.

• When breaking an inductive circuit open the switch with your left hand and turn your face

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 ELEPRA2/102

away to avoid danger from any arc which may occur across the switch terminals.

• When using large electrolytic capacitors be sure to wait long enough (approximately
five time constants) for the capacitors to discharge before working on the circuit.
Safety Precautions

Introduction

Close attention should be given to all aspects of safety throughout training, and the highest possible
standards insisted upon. There is a special need to emphasize the fundamental safety rules of behavior,
dress and practice when the trainee enters the workshop. Instructors have a particular responsibility to
set a good example and to check without delay any departure from safe working practices by trainees.
Individual responsibilities in respect of the safety of all persons in the vicinity of the working area must
be clearly understood by everyone. It is essential to develop safe working habits.

General safety

What to do

o Think before you act.

o Ask if in any doubt.
o Help to keep gangways clear.
o Keep your bench and working area tidy.
o Find out the position and type of fire appliances available.
o Report all accidents to your supervisor.

What not to do

o Do not run.
o Do not play practical jokes.
o Do not touch any equipment or try out machines unless authorized to do so.
o Do not leave rubbish lying about.
o Do not walk under suspended loads.
o Do not attempt to give first aid unless you are competent to do so.
o Do not throw things.

Further points to consider

o Wear your overalls buttoned up.

o Roll up your overall sleeves above the elbows or button up the cuffs.
o Keep hair short or wear a cap.
o Obey all safety rules and signs.
o Report any accident, however slight.
o Have all injuries properly treated, however minor.
o Do not wear torn overalls.
o Do not wear rings or a watch when working.
o Do not take chances.

7
 Safety and Electricity

Electric shock

Care must be taken when working with electricity, in order to reduce the risk of electric shock. An
electric shock is when an electric current passes through the body; what happens to the body depends
on the size of the current. One milliamp is the largest safe current. Two to five milliamps feels very
unpleasant to most people. A current of ten milliamps causes muscular spasms which make it difficult to
move. One hundred milliamps passing through the heart will kill within a second. Currents larger than
this will kill instantly. The size of the current depends on the voltage and also the resistance of the body.
The resistance decreases if the body is wet.

How to avoid electric shock

The following procedure should be adopted when working with electricity to minimize the risk of an
electric shock:

o Always use low voltages (less than 50 V).

o Use currents less than five milliamps.
o Hands should always be dry.
o Work area should be kept dry and clean.
o Both hands should never be touching the equipment at the same time.

Treating electric shock

1 Switch off the supply. If this is not possible then pull the victim away using an insulator such as a
piece of dry wood, a piece of rope or clothing. Do not use your hands.
2 Send for help. Preferably this should be someone qualified in First Aid.
3 Check the heart and breathing. If there is no sign of breathing or heartbeat then apply artificial
respiration and if you are properly trained apply chest compression if this is considered necessary.
4 Burns should be treated immediately with cold water and then covered with a clean, dry cotton
cloth until help arrives.
5 The person may be in a state of shock and therefore it is important that the person remain either
sitting or lying down and be kept warm. An unconscious person should be placed on their side and not
be given food or drink as there is a risk of choking.
6 Fill in an accident report form. If you are not in a position to do this then a report should be given
to someone who is in a position to fill in the form.

Electrical Safety

1 Mains plugs must be correctly fitted and the cable securely held by the cord precautions grip.
2 Plugs must have the correct fuse fitted and circuits going to the consumer unit must be
protected by fuses of the right value.
3 Fuses, single-pole switches and all types of circuit breakers must be fitted to the 'live' wire of
mains equipment.

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 ELEPRA2/102

4 Holes through which flexes enter an appliance must have a rubber grommet (rubber washer) to
protect the outer insulation of the flex from unnecessary wear. In addition the flex should be held by the
strain relief cable clamp fitted inside the appliance.
5 There is a legal requirement for all electricity supplies to be earthed. This is done at the
electricity substations and IEE (Institute of Electrical Engineers) members also ensure that this is done at
the consumer unit in the home.
6 Special care should be taken when working with capacitors as these can store a large charge for
a long time after the supply has been disconnected. Capacitors should be discharged by shorting the
terminals with an insulated conductor.

General safety precautions

Hand tools

All tools must be used in a safe manner, in particular sharp tools such as knives or screwdrivers. These
should be held in such a way as to minimize the chances of cuts to the user if they slip from the work.
The snipping of wires with side-cutters can lead to bits of wire entering the eye and therefore goggles
should be worn for such work.

Power tools

These tools must be electrically safe and should be inspected regularly for cable wear and loose
connections. They should never be used without a guard or some form of protection fitted and
adjustments to these tools should only be made once they have been disconnected from the supply.

Soldering irons

Soldering irons should always be kept covered to prevent accidents leading to burning of the skin or of
the flex of the soldering iron. The work being soldered or de-soldered should be securely gripped and
the work should take place on a heat-proof mat. Excess solder should be wiped off using a wet cloth or
sponge and should not be flicked off. Care should also be taken to avoid breathing in the fumes of the
flux.

Protective clothing

Whether or not this is worn depends on the regulations and on the work taking place in the workshop.
Long hair should be tied back and if hair preparation is used the hair should also be covered whenever
working close to a naked flame.

POLICY AND RULES FOR THE LABORATORY

• No food, no beverages are allowed in the lab

• Keep the bags, cloths OFF the benches with equipment on them.
• Be on time! Being late is annoying to you group members and if the experiment
has progressed, you may not be credited for that specific experiment.
• No experiment will be carried out without a signed preparation. A student is
9
 expected to have done necessary theoretical calculations and have read the
laboratory manual before coming to the practical session.

Components required:

Various resistors supplied in the kit (1 Ω, 2,2 Ω, 3,3 Ω, 3,9 Ω, 4,7 Ω, 5,6 Ω , 6,8 Ω, 8,2 Ω, 10 Ω, 12 Ω,15 Ω,
22 Ω, 33 Ω , 39 Ω, 47 Ω, 56 Ω , 68 Ω , 100 Ω , 220 Ω, 330 Ω, 390 Ω, 470 Ω, 560 Ω ,680 Ω, 820 Ω, 1k Ω, 1,2
k Ω , 2,2 kΩ, 3,3 kΩ,3,9 kΩ, 4,7 kΩ ,5,6 kΩ, 6,8kΩ, 8,2 kΩ ,10 kΩ, 120 kΩ ,150 kΩ, 220 kΩ ,330 kΩ & 470
kΩ resistors)

Capacitor: 2 μF

Inductor: 97 mH

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Experiment 1

Objective:
To analyse a purely resistive AC circuit and determine the variation on total voltage and current

Name:

Student No.:

Date:

Electronic Bread Board

Function generator 50 – 1kHz
Two channel oscilloscope leads
Two Power supply lead.

1. Preparation: [ 5 marks]

1.1 Calculate in complex form the total impedance Z total from figure 1, and (2)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1.2 Sketch the expected output voltage and current waveforms (fully labelled) showing the effect of a
purely resistive network.
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Circuit diagram


11
2. Circuit Diagram

R1 R2

330Ω 1 kΩ
Channel 1

Channel 2

+
Figure 1

Method:

➢ Connect the circuit as shown in the sketch (Figure 1).

➢ Apply a 50 Hz sine wave across the resistance and compare the readings as shown.

3. Results for Figure 1.2 fully labelled [6 Marks ] :

Compare the two output sine waves, the one representing the total current and the other representing
the total voltage.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..(6)
Figure 1.2
Vertical sensitivity=……………………………..

Horizontal sensitivity=,………………………….

4. Results and Calculations [5 marks]

For both waveforms displayed on the oscilloscope:

Record the reading for the volts /division control setting for the current waveform (Channel 1).
(1)
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4.1 Record the reading for the volts /division control setting for the voltage waveform (Channel 2).
(1)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4.2 Record the reading for the Time /division (timebase) represented horizontally across the screen.
(1)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.4 Determine the phase difference in degrees between the voltage and current .
(2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …….

Lab Report Questions [14 marks ]:

From the practical waveforms obtained, find:

The peak-to-peak value of the current waveform;
(2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….. …

The peak value of the current waveform;

(2)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The peak value of the voltage waveform;

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 (2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …….

The effective or rms value of the current waveform;

(2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …….

The effective or rms value of the voltage waveform;

(2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …….

How the voltage varies with current; and

(2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The total period.

(2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……..

Discussion and interpretation of results

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………… [3 marks]

Conclusion

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[5marks]

15
 Experiment 02

Objective:

To investigate the effect of capacitive & Inductive load in an AC circuit using a software simulation and
hardware.

Apparatus:

1. Electricity and Electronic Bread Board EEC 470

2. Function generator 250 Hz
3. Two channel oscilloscope and Power Supply leads
4. National Instruments MultiSim software

Preparation: [10 marks]

2.1. From circuit 1, calculate in complex form Z total and draw waveforms showing the effect of a capacitor on
voltage and current.
(5)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Figure 2.1

2.2. From circuit 2, calculate Z total in complex form and draw vividly waveforms showing the effect of an
Inductor on voltage and current.
(5)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Figure 2.2

Circuit Diagrams

R C

220 Ω 2uF

Channel 1

Channel 2

Circuit 1

17
 R L

100
100 Ω
mH
Channel 1

Channel 2

+
Circuit 2

Repeat the two experiments by replacing the components with the ones on the table below ;

R L C
1 50Ω 100mH 2𝛍F
2 100Ω 150mH 2µF
3 150Ω 200mH 2𝛍F
4 200Ω 100mH 2𝛍F

Prerequisite Assignment:
We have found out that the relationship between the current, voltage and capacitance in a system is:
I=C.dv/dt & between induced emf, current and inductance is: E= -Ldi/dt.
We will now examine what happens when a sinusoidal alternating voltage is applied to a capacitor and
an Inductor.

Method:
Connect the circuit as shown in figure 2 and 3 respectively (one circuit at a time).
Set the generator to apply a sine wave of 250Hz, to the circuit.
Set the oscilloscope as follows:
Y1 channel 1V/cm
Y2 channel 500mV/cm
Time-base to 1ms/cm
Zero both the traces and then observe the two waveforms on the oscilloscope

Results [16marks]:

Carefully draw the two waveforms, showing their relative positions with respect to each other.

Output for Circuit 1 fully labelled [6 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………….
Figure 2.3
Vertical sensitivity=……………………………..

Horizontal sensitivity=,………………………….

Results & Calculations [ 2 marks ]

1.1.1 With reference to the waveforms drawn above, determine the phase difference in degrees
between the voltage and current from circuit 1. (Use the two waveforms obtained to measure the
phase shift ( ) practically.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Output for Circuit 2 should be fully labelled [6 marks]

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Figure 2.4
Vertical sensitivity=……………………………..
19
 Horizontal sensitivity=,………………………….

Results & Calculations [ 2 marks ]

With reference to the waveforms drawn above, determine the phase difference in degrees between the
Voltage and current from circuit 2. Use the two waveforms obtained to measure the phase shift
practically.

.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Lab Report Questions: (From capacitive circuit’s results):[7]

1. Where on the waveform is the rate of change of voltage a positive maximum?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………(1)

2. Where on the waveform is the rate of change of voltage zero?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………
………………………………………………………….(1)

3. Where on the waveform is the rate of change of voltage a negative maximum?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..………………..........................................
.........................................................................................(1)

4. We have said that the current is proportional to the rate of change of voltage.
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 ELEPRA2/102

Does your curve substantiate this?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..………………………………………
………………………………………………………….(1)

5. Using the same notation (i.e.360 in one cycle), how many degrees are the two waveforms apart?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………(1)

6. What proportion of the cycle is that?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

7. Remembering that the time increases towards the right, which of the two waveforms reaches its
positive maximum first?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….. (1)

Lab Report Questions: (From Inductive circuit’s results):[8]

1. Where on the waveform is the rate of change of current a positive maximum?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….. (1)

2. Where on the waveform is the rate of change of current zero?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

3. Where on the waveform is the rate of change of current a negative maximum?

21
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

4. Does the voltage waveform correspond to the rate of change of current?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

5. How far, in degrees, are the voltages and current waveforms apart?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

6. How far apart are they in radians?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

7. Which waveform is leading?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

8. Is this the same as for a capacitive circuit?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………… (1)

9. Discussion of results (2)

10. Conclusion (3)

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Experiment 03

Objective:

To investigate and do analysis on what happens before, during and after resonance in a series RLC
circuit.

Apparatus:

1. Electronic Bread Board

2. Function generator
3. Two channel oscilloscope Leads
4. Two Power Supply Lead
5. National Instruments Software (MultiSim Ver 13/ labview)

Circuit Diagram

R C L

330 Ω 2,2uF 95mH

Channel 1

Channel 2

Figure 1

1. Preparation [18 marks]:

1.1 From figure 1, calculate in complex form the total impedance Z total at a frequency of 250 Hz, (4)

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1.1.1 Draw waveforms representing voltage and current at 250 Hz from part 1.1, (3)

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1.2 Calculate the resonant frequency.

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1.2.1 Draw waveforms representing voltage and current at resonance. (3)

Figure 3.2

1.3 Calculate in complex form the total impedance Z total at 440 Hz from figure 1. (4)

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1.3.1 Draw waveforms representing voltage and current at 440 Hz from part 1.3. (3)

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Method:

➢ Connect up the circuit as shown in Figure 1

➢ Set the function generator to apply a sine wave of 250Hz, across the circuit.
➢ Set the oscilloscope as follows:
➢ Y1 channel (current) to 1V/cm
➢ Y2 channel (voltage) to500mV/cm
➢ Time base to 1ms/cm
➢ Zero both traces, and then observe the two waveforms on the oscilloscope

Results:

1.1 Draw the waveforms obtained after setting frequency to 250Hz, showing their relative positions
with respect to each other. (6)

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Vertical sensitivity=……………………………..

Horizontal sensitivity=,………………………….
Results & Calculations [ 2 marks ]

1.2 Determine the phase difference in degrees between the voltage and current at 250 Hz.
(Use the two waveforms obtained to measure the phase shift ( ) practically.)

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2 . Vary the frequency on the Function Generator panel from 250Hz upwards in small steps until the
resonant
frequency is reached.

2.1 Draw the waveforms obtained at resonant frequency settings. [ 6 marks ]

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Vertical sensitivity=……………………………..

Horizontal sensitivity=.………………………….

2.2 Results & Calculations [ 2 marks]

Determine the phase shift in degrees between the voltage and current at resonant frequency. (Use the
two waveforms obtained above to measure the phase shift practically.

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3 Adjust the frequency on the Function Generator panel from resonant frequency upwards to 440 Hz

3.1 Draw the waveforms obtained after setting frequency to 440 Hz, showing their relative positions
with respect to each other. (6)

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Vertical sensitivity=……………………………..

Horizontal sensitivity=,………………………….

Results & Calculations [ 2 marks ]

3.2 Determine the phase shift in degrees between the voltage and current at 400 Hz. (Use the two
waveforms obtained above to measure the phase shift practically.)

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Lab Report Questions [8 marks]:

From the waveforms obtained:

1. How far in degrees and radians are the two waveforms apart at 250 Hz?

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2. How far in degrees are the two waveforms apart at resonant frequency?

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3. What is the total period at 250 Hz?

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4. What is the total period at resonant frequency?

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5. Give 4 applications of the resonant frequency circuits.

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6. Discussion

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7. Conclusion

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Experiment 4 [45]

Objective:

To investigate what happens to an inductive circuit when a capacitor is added for the
purpose of power factor correction.

Apparatus:

1. National Instruments Software package (MultiSim)

2. Electronic Bread Board
3. Basic Electricity Kit EEC 471
4. Function generator 250 Hz
5. Three channel oscilloscope leads

Circuit Diagram

R1 L

120 Ω 97mH
C

2.2µF
120 Ω
R2
Channel1

Channel2 .
+
Figure 1

1. Preparation [15 marks]:

From Figure 1, find:

1.1 The total impedance (Z total) in complex form, the power factor and, draw the waveforms
(Without the capacitor). (7 marks)

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Figure 4.1

1.2 The total impedance (Z total) in complex form, the power factor and , draw the waveforms
(With the capacitor) (8 marks)

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Method

➢ Connect up the circuit as shown in Figure 1

➢ Set the function generator to apply a sine wave of 250Hz, across the circuit.
➢ Set the oscilloscope as follows:
➢ Y1 channel (current) to 1V/cm
➢ Y2 channel (voltage) to 500mV/cm
➢ Time-base to 1ms/cm
➢ Zero both traces, and then observe the two waveforms on the oscilloscope

Results [16 marks]:

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1. Draw the waveforms obtained without a capacitor. (Showing their relative positions with
respect to each other.)

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(6)

Vertical sensitivity=…………………………………

Horizontal sensitivity=,………………………………

Results & Calculations

Determine the phase shift in degrees between the voltage and current waveforms. (Use the two
waveforms obtained above to measure the phase shift practically).

(2)
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2. Draw the waveforms obtained with a capacitor. (Showing their relative positions with respect
to each other.)
6)
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Vertical sensitivity=………………………………..

Horizontal sensitivity=..…………………………….

Results & Calculations

Determine the phase shift in degrees between the voltage and current waveforms. (Use the two
waveforms obtained above to measure the phase shift ( ) practically.)

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Lab Report Questions [4 marks] :

1. Explain the reason for the use of second resistor (R2).

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2. Elaborate on the use of the capacitor in parallel to the load.

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Lab Questions [5 marks]

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As an Electrical Engineering II student elaborate on your results, considering method used and
prove where it is applicable.

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3. Discussion

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4. Conclusion

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Experiment 5[25 marks]

Objective:

To analysis and simulation of network theorems: Kirchhoff’s Law’s.

Packages required:

Any of the following;

National Instruments software

Matlab/Simulink

Various resistors

R1 Brown-Red-Black-Silver
R2 Brown-Gray- Brown-Gold
R3 Brown-Black-Red-None
R4 Red-Red-Brown-Red
R5 Brown-Red-Red-Gold

AD2004 Analogue/Digital Trainer

Multimeter

Procedure:

Connect an impedance Z1 = (10,516+j6,571)  in series to V1 = 224150 V to form the first branch and the second branch is Z2
= (11,031-j11,031)  in series to V2 = 248350 V. The third branch has only impedance Z 3 =(12,99+j7,5) . These three
branches are connected in parallel. (You may be required to calculate the values of inductance(L) or capacitance(C) if
necessary.)
• Draw the circuit (5)
• Calculate the current flowing through each branch using superposition theorem
• (Write down these value in the provided space in the table)

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 XMM3

Z1 Z2

Z3
Z=A+jB

Z=A+jB

Z=A+jB
XMM1
XMM2

V1 V2
224Vrms 248Vrms
50Hz 50Hz
15° 35°

Results:

Calculated Measured

I1

I2

I3

Explain any difference between the measured and the calculated values.

Discussion (2)

Conclusion (3)

(25)

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Experiment 6

Objective:

Simulation analysis of a balanced three phase star connected AC circuits

Software packages

National Instruments software (Multisim ver 13)

V = 220V 50Hz supply

R1=R2=R3=10MΩ

Section 01:

Determine the phase sequence for a three phase source (3)

Section 02:

Analysis of balance three phase star (wye) AC circuit with neutral connection point (10)

Results (8)

Discussion (2)

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Conclusion (2)

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