EXPERIMENT FOR SPOTTING-11

Study of Gamete Development in Mouse

(Mammal)
INTRODUCTION
1 Gametes are the sex cells
2 The gametes differ from allinvolved in the process of sexual reproduction.
contain only half the other cells (= somatic cells) of the
number of chromosomes found in body in that ther nucles
3. Meiosis forms the most
the nuclei of somatic cells.
4 sigmificant part of
process of gametogenesis.
Gametogenesis
ova is called
for the formation
of sperms is termed spermatogenesis, while that of
5.
oogenesis.
Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of
occurs in the ovaries. the testes, whereas
00genesis

EXPERIMENT 11.1
Objective. To study and identify the stages of
(mammal) ie., T.S. of testis and LS. of gamete development in mouse
ovary through permanent slide.
REQUIREMENTS
Permanent slide of T.S. of testis and L.S. of ovary,
microscope.
PROCEDURE
Fix the permanent slide under the microscope. First observe it under the low power and
then under high power.

OBSERVATIONS
T.S. of Testis
1. The testis of a mouse (mammal) is covered by a thick fibrous tissue called tunica albuginea.
2. The testis consists of numerous seminiferous tubules embedded in the interstitial tissue.
3. Various types of germinal cells are present from outside towards lumen in the following

sequence.
Spermatocytes Spermatids Spermatoz0a Sperms.
»

Spermatogonia >
4. Between the germinal cells, pyTamid shaped cells called sertoli cells are present
4.

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 LABORATORY MANUAL IN BIOL.OG
COMPREHENSIVE

66
embedded in sertoli cells are pres
A large number of spermatozoa
with their heads resent in
seminiferous tubule.
the lumen of sex hor
produce male sex hormone
tissue also contain leydigs
cells, which
The interstitial
6.
testosterone.
Visceral
peritoneum
Tunica
albuginea
Spermatozoa
Blood vessei Spermatid
SeminiferouUs
tubule Secondary
spermatocye
Sertoli cell
Primary
spermatocyte
Connective
tissue
Sertoli cell

Germinal epithelium- Spermatogonium

Spermatogonia-
Spermatocytes-
Spermatids
Spermatozoa
Interstitial
cells
A
transverse section of
testis of m o u s e (mammal).
11.1. A. A Part of
Fig. tubule (enlarged)
of seminiferous
B. Sectional view of part
a

V.S. of Ovary followed by a thick

structure bounded by germinal epithelium
1. A mouse ovary is a solid
tunica albuginia.
of fibrous tissue, the
layer
Egg nest Primary follicle
Cortex Secondary
follicle
Blood
Tertiary
vessel follicle

Visceral
peritoneum
Mesovarium
Graafian follicle

Corpus
albicans .69

Corpus luteum

-Ruptured follicle
Medulla

Fig. 11.2. A section of ovary of mouse (mammal).

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67
The ovary consists of outer cortex and inner
2. medulla.
3. The medulla contains many rounded or oval bodies called ovarian
at various stages of
or Graafian follicles
development.
The medulla also contains blood vessels, nerves fibres and some smooth muscles.
Each follicle contains a large ovum surrounded by many layers of follicle cells.
The cortex contains young and mature follicles.
7. The cortex may also contain a large mass of yellow cells termed corpus luteum, formed in
an empty Graafian follicle after the release of its ovum.

PRECAUTIONS

1. First observe the slide under low power and then under the high power of the micro-
scope.
2.
2. Use fine adjustment of the microscope for focussing the slide under high power.

VIVA VOCE

Q.1. What is gametogenesis?

Ans. Gametogenesis is the process by which male and female sex cells or gametes i.e., sperms
and ova are formed resnectively in the testes and ovaries.
Q.2. What is spermatogenesis?
testis is called spermatogenesis.
Ans. The process of formation of sperms in the
Q.3. What is oogenesis?
ova in the ovary is called oogenesis.
Ans. The process of formation of
main parts of a spermatozoa?
Q. 4. What a r e the consists of a head, neck, middle piece
and tail.
mammalian spermatozoa
Ans. A typical the ovary?
At what stage does the human ovum is released from
Q.5. in the secondary oocyte stage.
released from the ovary
Ans. The ovum is
 EXPERIMENT FOR SPO
Study of Blastula
INTRODUCTION

Soon after fertinzation, the

7ygote
. Cleavage includes a series undergoes repeated divisions
of
single celled zygote into a successive
and rapid called cleavage
multicellular mitotic divisions which
Cleavage occurs in the upper structure called
blastula (blastocyst).ra
3.
of cells called morula. portion of the Fallopian tube. It results into a
At the next stage of so1 ma
called blastula or
development which produces
blastodermic an
embryo with about sixty
vesicle. four
celu

EXPERIMENT 13.1
Objective. To study T.S. of blastula through permanent slide.
REQUIREMENTSS
Permanent slide of blastula,
microscope.
PROCEDURE
Fix the slide of T.S. of blastula
under microscope. First
power and then under high observe the slide under low
power of the microscope
Inner cell mass
(Formative cells)
Trophoectoderm
Trophoblast)

Blastocoel
Zona
pellucida
Albuminous layer
around the zona

Fig. 13.1. T.S. of blastula.

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 NERVATIONN
i8 &apherienlof about sixty four cells.
maaa
Oponed of an outer envelope of celis, the trophoblast or trophoectoderm ana
inner vell masa embryoblast).
Within he envelope there in a fluid filled cavity called blastocoel.
ne d e of the
blaatocvat, to which the
One or animal pole, while the opposite inner cell mass is attached is cailed
side is the abembryonic pole.
the embry-
The inner cell
maMA in the
precursor of the enbryo.
PRECAUTIONS
Firat foeusthe slide undor low
power and then under the high power of the microscope.
Use fine
adjustment while focussing the slide under high
power of the microscope.

VIVA VOCE
.1. What is cleavage ?
Ans It is a series of
rapid misotic divisions of the zygote which convert the single called
zygote into a multicellular structure called blastula or blastocyst.
Q.2. What is morula ?
Ans. The solid mass of cells formed after cleavage is called morula.
Q.3. What is blastocyst?
Ans. It is a stage of embryonic development consisting of an outer envelope of cells, the inner
cell mass and a fluid filled cavity called blastocoel.
Q.4. What is implantation ?
Ans. It is the attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall.
5 . When does implantation occur in human beings?
Ans. It oceurs after 7 days of fertilization.