CHEM 120 Chapters 1-5 Questions

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PART I. Multiple Choice [36 marks total]

For each numbered statement below, identify the letter that corresponds to the best answer. There is only
one correct answer per question. Record your responses on the separate bubble sheet. Only responses given
on the bubble sheet will be marked.
1. [2 marks] What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the set of orbitals with n = 4?
A. 2
B. 6
C. 8
D. 16
E. 32
2. [2 marks] In a hydrogen atom, how many radial nodes are in the orbital with the following combination
of quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (6, 3, 2)?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
3. [2 marks] Consider the orbitals of a hydrogen atom with the principal quantum number n = 2. Which
one of the following options lists all of the possible values of the angular momentum quantum number,
ℓ?
A. 1, 2
B. 0, 1
C. 0, 1, 2
D. -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
E. -1, 0, 1
4. [2 marks] Which one of the following statements is TRUE when comparing Li2+ to Be3+?
A. The radial node of the 3p orbital is closer to the nucleus in Li2+.

B. The 3p orbital in Li2+ has fewer radial nodes than the 4d orbital in Be3+.
C. The ionic radius of Li2+ is larger than that of Be3+.
D. The ionization energy from the 1s orbital is larger for Li2+.
E. None of the above are true.
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5. [2 marks] Which one of the following orbitals has an angular node that is the yz plane?
A. 4pz
B. 3dz2
C. 3dxz
D. 3dx2–y2
E. 4dyz
6. [2 marks] What is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a 3d orbital of a Be3+ ion?
A. 9.69 x 10⁻19 J
B. 2.18 x 10⁻18 J
C. 2.91 x 10⁻18 J
D. 3.88 x 10⁻18 J
E. 6.06 x 10⁻18 J
7. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following electronic transitions will emit
light with the highest frequency?
A. B4+: 2p → 1s
B. Be3+: 2p → 1s
C. Li2+: 3p → 1s
D. He+: 3p → 1s
E. H: 4p → 1s
8. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] A hydrogen atom emits light from the violet part of the visible
spectrum and then absorbs light from the red part of the visible spectrum. Which sequence of electronic
transitions could explain these observations?
A. Emission from n = 3 to n = 2, followed by absorption from n = 2 to n = 1

B. Emission from n = 4 to n = 2, followed by absorption from n = 2 to n = 4
C. Emission from n = 1 to n = 2, followed by absorption from n = 2 to n = 4
D. Emission from n = 4 to n = 2, followed by absorption from n = 2 to n = 6
E. Emission from n = 5 to n = 2, followed by absorption from n = 2 to n = 3
9. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] A sample of an unknown one-electron species is prepared with
the electron initially in the 2px orbital. The electron is promoted to the 5dxy orbital by absorbing light
with a frequency of  = 1.73 x 1016 Hz. How many protons are in the nucleus of this one-electron
species?
A. Z=6
B. Z=5
C. Z=4
D. Z=3
E. Z=2
© 2019 UBC Chemistry

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10. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which set of quantum numbers could describe one of the
highest energy electrons in the ground state electronic configuration of a titanium(II) cation, Ti2+?
A. (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms) = (3, 0, 0, +½)

B. (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms) = (3, 2, 2, +½)
C. (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms) = (4, 0, 0, –½)
D. (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms) = (4, 1, –1, +½)
E. (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms) = (4, 2, –1, –½)
11. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following is the ground state electronic
configuration of a bismuth(I) cation, Bi+?
A. [Kr] 5s2 3f 14 4d10 5p2

B. [Xe] 6s2 5f 14 5d10 6p2
C. [Xe] 6s2 4f 14 5d10 5p3
D. [Xe] 6s2 4f 14 5d10 6p3
E. [Xe] 6s2 4f 14 5d10 6p2
12. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following cations is diamagnetic in its
ground state?
A. Cr+
B. Ca+
C. Sc+
D. Ga+
E. Fe2+
13. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Arrange the following ions in order of decreasing ionic radius:
Al3+, I⁻, Cs+, Ba2+, Te2⁻, Mg2+
A. Te2⁻ > I⁻ > Ba2+ > Cs+ > Al3+ > Mg2+
B. Al3+ > Mg2+ > Ba2+ > Cs+ > I⁻ > Te2⁻
C. Ba2+ > Te2⁻ > Cs+ > I⁻ > Al3+ > Mg2+
D. Te2⁻ > I⁻ > Cs+ > Ba2+ > Mg2+ > Al3+
E. Cs+ > Ba2+ > I⁻ > Te2⁻ > Mg2+ > Al3+

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14. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following statements about molecular orbital
(MO) theory for diatomic molecules is FALSE? Note that “AO” means atomic orbital.
A. Antibonding orbitals must have at least one node.

B. Removing electrons from a diatomic molecule can increase the bond order.
C. Antibonding MOs result from the constructive interference of AOs.
D. The total number of MOs formed equals the total number of interacting AOs.
E. When AOs combine, the resulting antibonding MOs have more nodes that the corresponding
bonding MOs.
15. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] What are the predicted bond order and the LUMO for Li2 in its
ground state?
∗
A. Bond Order = 0 LUMO = 𝜎1𝑠
B. Bond Order = 0.5 LUMO = 𝜎2𝑠
∗
C. Bond Order = 0.5 LUMO = 𝜎2𝑠
D. Bond Order = 1 LUMO = 𝜎2𝑠
∗
E. Bond Order = 1 LUMO = 𝜎2𝑠
16. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] According to MO theory, which of the following cannot exist
as a stable diatomic molecule/ion?
A. Li2
B. [Be2]2+
C. [O2]2+
D. [F2]2⁻
E. [Ne2]2+
17. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following diatomic molecules has the ground
∗ 2 ∗ 2
state electronic configuration (𝜎1𝑠 )2(𝜎1𝑠 ) (𝜎2𝑠 )2(𝜎2𝑠 ) (𝜎2𝑝 )2(𝜋2𝑝 )2 ?
A. O2
B. B2
C. C2
D. N2
E. None of the above
18. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] The bond length in dioxygen, O2, is 1.21 Å. Which ionized
form of dioxygen is diamagnetic and has a bond length less than 1.21 Å in its ground state?
A. [O2]2⁻
B. [O2]⁻
C. [O2]+
D. [O2]2+
E. [O2]3+

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PART II. Short Answer Questions [23 marks total]
Write all answers in the appropriate box on the separate bubble sheet.
Only answers given on the bubble sheet will be marked. You may use the templates provided here for rough
work.
19. [4 marks] Sketch the cross-sections of the following orbitals of the hydrogen atom. Assume the nucleus
is at the origin. Label the graph axes and indicate the relative phases of the wavefunction as + or –.
4py 4dx2–y2
20. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Write the ground state electronic configurations for the
following atoms/ions. For example, helium, He, would be 1s2. You may use the noble gas shortcut.
(a) Chlorine, Cl _______________________________________________________________
(b) Thallium, Tl _______________________________________________________________
21. [3 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Draw orbital diagrams for the ground state electronic
configuration of the following atoms. You may use the noble gas shortcut. The orbital diagram for
boron, B, is shown as an example.
Example B: [He] ↿⇂ ↿
2s 2p
(a) Silicon, Si
(b) Manganese(II) ion, Mn2+
(c) Cobalt, Co
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22. (a) [1 mark] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] A beam of monochromatic light irradiates a sample of solid
metallic tin (Sn). Each photon in the beam of light carries 3.24 x 10-16 J of energy. Calculate the
wavelength of the light. Give your answer in picometers (pm) with 3 significant figures.
Space for rough work:
(b) [3 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] The binding energy of tin (Sn) is 7.78 x 10-17 J. The
photoelectric effect is observed when the light described in part (a) irradiates the tin (Sn). Calculate
the velocity of the ejected electrons. Give your answer in meters per second (m/s) with 3 significant
figures. Show your work on the bubble sheet.
(c) [1 mark] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] If the wavelength of the light is doubled, would the
photoelectric effect still be observed? Circle your answer on the bubble sheet.
YES NO

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23. [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Use MO theory to answer the following questions about the [N2]2+ cation.
A qualitative and incomplete orbital interaction diagram is shown below. It is missing three of the
molecular orbitals formed by the 2p atomic orbitals, all molecular orbital labels, and all electrons.
Diagram for rough work:
(a) [3 marks] Complete the diagram by adding horizontal lines for the three missing molecular orbitals.
Add the appropriate number of electrons as half arrows ( ↿ or ⇂ ) to the molecular orbitals to give the
ground state electronic configuration of [N2]2+.
(b) [1 mark] What is the name of the HOMO of [N2]2+ (e.g. 𝜎1𝑠 ) ?
(c) [1 mark] What is the bond order of [N2]2+?
(d) [4 marks] Sketch cross-sections of the 𝜎2𝑝𝑦 and 𝜋2𝑝𝑧 molecular orbitals that result from the overlap
of two 2p orbitals on adjacent nitrogen atoms. Assume that the nuclei, represented by dots, lie along
the y-axis. Indicate the relative phases of the wavefunction as + or –.
Templates for rough work:
𝜎2𝑝𝑦
𝜋2𝑝𝑧
END OF EXAMINATION
Ensure all answers are on the bubble sheet.
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Page 2 of 10

1. [2 marks] What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the set of 8d orbitals?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16
E. 64
2. [2 marks] Which one of the following combinations of quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ) corresponds to a
wavefunction that is a solution to the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom?
A. (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (9, 5, 2)

B. (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (6, 5, 3)
C. (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (1, 0, 1)
D. (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (8, 4, 5)
E. (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (7, 7, 7)
3. [2 marks] How many atomic orbitals in the n = 4 shell have exactly two radial nodes?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
E. 16
4. [2 marks] In a one-electron species, the lowest energy orbitals that have exactly three angular nodes are
called:
A. 3d orbitals
B. 3f orbitals
C. 4d orbitals
D. 4f orbitals
E. 5g orbitals
5. [2 marks] How much energy is required to remove an electron from a 2p orbital of a Li2+ ion?
A. 4.91 x 10⁻18 J
B. 2.18 x 10⁻18 J
C. 5.45 x 10⁻19 J
D. 1.47 x 10⁻17 J
E. 1.96 x 10⁻17 J
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6. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] He+ ions are prepared with the electron in the n = X state. The
electrons relax to lower energy states, by one or more transitions, and produce an emission spectrum
with light at 6 different wavelengths. What is the value of X?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
7. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Monochromatic light with a wavelength of 2.70 nm strikes a
sample of gaseous ground state C5+ ions. What happens?
A. The light is absorbed, and the electron is promoted from ni = 1 to nf = 2.

B. The light is absorbed, and the electron is promoted from ni = 1 to nf = 3.
C. The light is absorbed, and the electron is promoted from ni = 1 to nf = 4.
D. The light is absorbed, and the electron is promoted from ni = 1 to nf = 5.
E. The light is not absorbed, and the electron remains in the n = 1 shell.
8. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] A sample of an unknown metal is irradiated by light with a
wavelength of 2.42 nm. The metal releases electrons with a kinetic energy of 9.44 x 10⁻18 J. What is the
metal?
A. Scandium (Ebinding = 6.39 x 10⁻17 J)

B. Titanium (Ebinding = 7.27 x 10⁻17 J)
C. Vanadium (Ebinding = 8.20 x 10⁻17 J)
D. Chromium (Ebinding = 9.20 x 10⁻17 J)
E. Manganese (Ebinding = 1.02 x 10⁻16 J)
9. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Nickel metal has a binding energy of 8.37 x 10⁻19 J. The metal
is subjected to photons with a frequency of 5.91 x 1014 s⁻1. If the number of photons hitting the metal
increases, which of the following will occur?
A. The number of ejected electrons will decrease.

B. The number of ejected electrons will increase.
C. The energy of the ejected electrons will decrease.
D. The energy of the ejected electrons will increase.
E. There will be no change.
10. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] What is the ground state electronic configuration of the
gallium cation, Ga+?
A. [Ne] 4s2 3d10

B. [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p1
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 4p1
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1
E. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
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11. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following species has the highest number of
unpaired electrons in its ground state?
A. Cr
B. Ni2+
C. Mn
D. Fe2+
E. Sc
12. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following cations is paramagnetic in its
ground state?
A. Zn2+
B. Rb+
C. Ti2+
D. Cu+
E. None of the above
13. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Arrange the following ions in order of increasing ionic radius:
Cs+, N3⁻, Be2+, Te2⁻, O2⁻
A. Be2+ < N3⁻ < O2⁻ < Te2⁻ < Cs+

B. N3⁻ < O2⁻ < Te2⁻ < Be2+ < Cs+
C. Be2+ < N3⁻ < O2⁻ < Cs+ < Te2⁻
D. Cs+ < Te2⁻ < Be2+ < N3⁻ < O2⁻
E. Be2+ < O2⁻ < N3⁻ < Cs+ < Te2⁻
14. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The first ionization energy of silicon, Si, is larger than that of aluminum, Al.
B. The first ionization energy of cesium, Cs, is larger than that of lithium, Li.
C. The atomic radius of fluorine, F, is larger than that of boron, B.
D. The electron affinity of fluoride, F⁻, is larger in magnitude than that of fluorine, F.
E. The electron affinity of bromine, Br, is larger in magnitude than that of chlorine, Cl.
15. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] In dilithium, Li2, the energy difference between the 𝜎1𝑠 and
∗
𝜎1𝑠 molecular orbitals is
∗
3.44 x 10⁻21 J. What is the energy difference between the 𝜎2𝑠 and 𝜎2𝑠 molecular orbitals in Li2?
A. 3.44 x 10⁻21 J
B. 6.63 x 10⁻34 J
C. 6.88 x 10⁻22 J
D. 8.81 x 10⁻19 J
E. 0.00 J

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16. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] How much energy is required to ionize a ground state H2
molecule into H2+?
A. Less than 2.18 x 10⁻18 J

B. Exactly 2.18 x 10⁻18 J
C. More than 2.18 x 10⁻18 J
17. [2 marks] Radial probability distribution plots for three different hydrogen orbitals are shown below.
Match the orbitals, 4s, 4py, and 4dz2, to the plots labelled A-C.
B
A C
18. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] The following emission spectrum is for a one-electron species
in the gas phase. It shows all of the lines resulting from transitions from the first nine excited states to
the ground state.
X Y
.
For each of the spectral lines labelled X and Y, identify the option below that best corresponds to the
initial state of each transition.
A. The orbital is one of the first excited states.

B. The orbital has a total of three nodes.
C. The orbital could have four angular nodes.
D. The orbital is degenerate with eight other orbitals.
E. The orbital is the ground state.

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work.
19. [6 marks] Sketch the cross-sections of the following orbitals of the hydrogen atom. Assume the nucleus
is at the origin. Label the graph axes and indicate the relative phases of the wavefunction.
4s 4py 4dz2
20. [2 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Write the ground state electronic configurations for the
following atoms/ions. For example, He would be 1s2. You may use the noble gas shortcut.
(a) Pb _________________________________________________________________
(b) Co2+ _________________________________________________________________
21. [3 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Draw orbital diagrams for the ground state electronic
configuration of the following atoms. You may use the noble gas shortcut. The orbital diagram for
boron, B, is shown as an example.
Example B: [He] ↿⇂ ↿ _
2s 2p
(a) P
(b) V
(c) Cu

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22. [4 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] A one-electron species absorbs light with a wavelength of
30.39 nm when its electron is promoted from the ground state to the first excited state. Identify the one-
electron species by elemental symbol and charge. On the bubble sheet, show your work and give your
final answer.
23. [4 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Use molecular orbital theory to complete the following table
for Li2.
Molecular Orbital
Electronic Configuration Bond Order
e.g. H2 would be 𝜎1𝑠 2
Ground State 
First Excited State

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∗
24. [3 marks] [2020W1 omit for Midterm 2] Sketch cross-sections of the 𝜎1𝑠 and 𝜎1𝑠 molecular orbitals that
result from the overlap of two 1s orbitals on adjacent hydrogen atoms. Assume that the nuclei,
represented by dots, lie along the y-axis. Indicate the relative phases of the wavefunction.
𝜎1𝑠
∗
𝜎1𝑠
END OF EXAMINATION

UBC Chem 120/121 ChIRP: Chapter 5 – Additional Problems (2020)
1. Which of the following orbitals can exist?
(A) 3d
(B) 3f
(C) 2s
(D) 5d
(E) 2d
2. Sketch cross-sections of the following orbitals. Be sure to label your axis system and indicate the relative
phases ( + or - ) on each sketch.
(a) 5dxy
(b) 5s
(c) 2py
(d) 4dx2
-y2
(e) 4px
3. The figure below plots the radial probability distribution for a particular state of the hydrogen atom. In this
case, the wavefunction for the state (orbital) depends upon r only, that is, it has no angular dependence.
(a) Name the orbital to which the above figure refers.
(b) At what radial distance, in Ångströms, is the probability of finding the electron the greatest?
(c) The boundary surface for this orbital can be represented by a sphere such that the probability of finding the
electron somewhere within this sphere is 90%. The radius, in Ångströms, of this sphere is best given as:
0 1.0 3.0 5.0 9.0
1
4. The radial probability distribution for an orbital for a one-electron species with n = 4 is shown. Which of the
following orbitals is it?
(A) 4s
(B) 4px
(C) 4py
(D) 4dx2
-y2
(E) 4fxy
5. What is the energy (in J) of an electron in the 3pz state in the hydrogen atom?
6. The radial probability curves for the 3p orbitals for He+ and Li2+ are shown below.
(a) Assign the curves as He+ or Li2+.
(b) Would the radial node of the 3p orbital in B4+ lie closer or further from the nucleus than that of Li2+?
2
7. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) It would take 12 electrons to fill an ƒ subshell.

(B) The angular momentum quantum number is 4 for the ƒ subshell.
(C) The 6ƒ orbitals have two radial nodes.
(D) The ƒ subshell can never be occupied by electrons.
(E) The 5ƒ subshell has a higher energy than the 5p subshell in a hydrogen atom.
8. In which one of the following orbitals is the x-axis a node?
(A) 3s
(B) 4px
(C) 5dz2
(D) 3dyz
(E) 4dx2-y2
9. Which of the following orbitals has an angular node that is the xy-plane?
(A) 3dz2
(B) 3dx2-y2
(C) 3pz
(D) 4px
(E) 4s
10. How many radial notes are in an orbital with (n, ℓ, ml) = (4, 3, 2)?
11. How many atomic orbitals with the same energy are possible for the n = 7 shell of the hydrogen atom?
12. Consider the orbital shown below where the relative phases are indicated by blue and white.
(a) How many radial nodes does the orbital have?
(b) What is the value of ℓ for the orbital?
(c) What is the value of n for the orbital?
3
13. For the two orbitals shown below, what are the values of the principal quantum number n, the number of
angular nodes, and the number of radial nodes? The light and dark shading indicate relative (+) and (--) phases.
(a)
n=
number of angular nodes =
number of radial nodes =
(b)
n=
number of angular nodes =
number of radial nodes =
4
14. Complete the information about each of the orbitals. Draw the cross sectional diagram on the axes provided.
Be sure to label the phases and the axes.
Quantum Numbers Nodes

# Cross-sectional diagram
Orbital # radial
n ℓ mℓ angular (label the axes appropriately)
nodes
nodes
1s
2s
2px
2py
2pz
3s
3px
3py
3pz
3dxy
3dyz
3dxz
3dx2-y2
3dz2
4s
4px
4py
4pz
4dxy
4dyz
4dxz
4dx2-y2
4dz2
5
UBC Chem 120/121 ChIRP: Chapter 4 - Additional Problems (2020)
1. What is the wavelength of light with a frequency of 5000 MHz?
2. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for:
(a) A proton with a velocity of 15% of the speed of light.
(b) An electron with a velocity of 5% of the speed of light.  
(c) A baseball pitched at 163 kilometers per hour (a baseball weighs 149 g). 
3. What is the de Broglie wavelength of a hydrogen (1H) atom travelling with a speed of 5.0 x 106 m/s?
4. A particle with velocity 2.5 x 10⁴ m s–1 has a de Broglie wavelength of 0.5 pm. That particle could be a/an:
(A) photon (B) electron (C) neutron (D) O2 molecule (E) Ar atom
5. A scientist accelerates a singly charged ion (X⁺) to 2.00 x 10⁴ m/s. Using a diffraction experiment, the scientist
determines the de Broglie wavelength of the particle to be 19.8 pm. What is the ion X⁺?
(A) H⁺ (B) He⁺ (C) Li⁺ (D) Be⁺ (E) B⁺



6. The following figure shows data obtained by two different students in a first-year chemistry laboratory. The
students took repeated measurements of the concentration of the dye FD&C Blue No. 1 (Eriosky blue) in the
same sample of commercial beverage. They used the same method and the same equipment.
(a) Which distribution is wider?
(b) What does the distribution width say about each student’s laboratory ability, if anything?
1
7. The following figure shows a standing wave confined between x = 0 and x = 9 Å.
(a) What is the wavelength?
(b) What is the amplitude?
(c) How many nodes does the wavefunction have, and what is/are the location(s) of the node(s)?
8. How many nodes does a standing wave with a wavelength of 5 cm have in a box of length of 10 cm?
9. A standing wave has 7 nodes inside a box that is 24.0 cm in length. What is the wavelength, , of the
standing wave?
(A) = 0.292 cm

(B) = 2.00 cm
(C) = 3.00 cm
(D) = 3.43 cm
(E) = 6.00 cm
10. What are the three longest wavelengths possible for an electron in a one-dimensional box 100 pm in length?
In addition, determine the kinetic energy in Joules at each wavelength.
11. (a) Sketch the shape of the n = 4 state (𝛹) for a quantum particle in a one-dimensional particle in a box.
(b) Sketch the shape of the n = 4 probability distribution for a quantum particle in a one-dimensional particle in a
box.
(c) On both of the sketches for (a) and (b) above, label the phase(s) and node(s).
12. For an electron in a one-dimensional box of length 30 Å, described by the state below, what is the probability
of finding the electron between x = 10 and 20 Å?
2
13. Consider the first six states (i.e., n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of an electron in a one-dimensional box of length L.
Using each state only once, determine an n value that matches each statement.
(a) A state where the wavefunction has a wavelength of  = L/3 is: n=
(b) A state where the wavefunction has the lowest kinetic energy is: n=
(c) A state with exactly 4 most probable positions of finding the electron is: n=
(d) A state where the average position is x = L/2 is: n=
(e) A state with exactly 4 nodes in the wavefunction is: n=
(f) A state where one of the most probable positions is x = L/6 is: n=
14. (a) Calculate difference in energy between the states n = 2 and n = 4 for a proton in a one-dimensional box
of length 20 Å.
(b) Would this energy difference be smaller or larger if the model used a shorter box?
(c) Would the energy difference from part (a) be smaller or larger if the proton ( 1H+) was replaced with a
deuterium ion (2H+)?
15. What is the zero-point energy for an electron in a one-dimensional box of length 15 Å?
16. How does the number of nodes vary with the energy of an electron?
17. The diagram below shows quantum state energy levels that could be occupied by an electron. When an
electron (shown as the dot) moves from the energy level labeled 3 to 2, is energy absorbed or emitted by the
electron?
3
18. Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding a quantum particle in a one-dimensional box?
(A) The observed energy of the particle is quantized because the particle is confined.
(B) If the particle has the lowest energy, it is always found in the middle of the box.
(C) There is only one physical solution to the Schrödinger equation.
(D) The ground state wavefunction has one node.
(E) The lowest energy of the particle is zero.
19. Consider an electron confined in a three-dimensional box in the state with the lowest possible energy. What
happens to the energy of the electron if the box is elongated along the x-direction, and then shortened along the
y-direction?
(A) Nothing.
(B) First, the energy will decrease, and then the energy will increase.
(C) First, the energy will increase, and then the energy will decrease.
(D) The energy will increase with both changes.
(E) The energy will decrease with both changes.
20. Consider the probability distributions, 𝛹2, of the superpositions (𝛹1 + 𝛹2) and (𝛹1 – 𝛹2) shown in Figure 4.9.
Did changing the phase of 𝛹2 affect where the electron is likely to be found?
4
21. (a) Sketch the wavefunctions, 𝛹n, for the n = 2 and n = 6 states of a quantum particle in a 1D box of length L
on the provided axes.
(b) Sketch the wavefunction for 𝛹2(x) + 𝛹6(x).
(c) What is the probability of finding the quantum particle at x = L/2 for the wavefunction (𝛹2 + 𝛹6)?
22. For a particle in a one-dimensional box with length L, which wavefunction combination (making a
superposition) has a node in the middle of the box, at x = L/2?
(A) 1 + 2
(B) 1 + 0.52
(C) 2 + 3
(D) 2 + 0.54
(E) 3 + 4
23. Using a spreadsheet program, plot the one-dimensional particle-in-a-box 𝛹n2 for n = 100 and a box length of
1. Interpret the graph with respect to the question, what happens to the probability distribution when n
increases?
5
24. (a) Use the PhET simulation called Quantum Bound States to explore superposition. Use the "One Well" tab
and select the "Superposition State" button to input coefficients. Be sure to click "Normalize" before you apply
your function.
(b) Determine the coefficients that would result in a superposition that has a very narrow peak one quarter of the
way from the left-hand edge of the box.
6
UBC CHEM 120/121 ChIRP: Chapter 3 - Additional Problems (2020)
1. Draw a perspective diagram showing the molecular shape of each of the following molecules.
(a) CO2
(b) SO2
(c) XeO2
(d) SF2
(e) XeF2
2. All of the chemical species below have central atoms bonded to four other atoms. Which of the following
species have a regular tetrahedral geometry?
(A) [NH4]+
(B) [BrF4]—
(C) [BH4]—
(D) SeF4
(E) [IF4]+
3. Which of the following species has a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape?
(A) [ClO4]—
(B) [ClO3]—
(C) [ClO2]—
(D) ClO2
(E) Cl2O
4. Identify the parent shape and molecular shape of each of the following species:
Parent Shape Molecular Shape

(a) IF5
(b) AsF5
(c) [ClO3]—
(d) [CO3]2—
(e) CH2O
1
5. In completing the table below, consider only neutral fluoride molecules whose formulae are of the form XF n in
which X is either hydrogen or an element from the third row of the periodic table, and n represents a variable
integer number of fluorine atoms.
Give the formula of a fluoride molecule that is: Formula
octahedral in shape.
trigonal bypyramidal in shape.
T-shaped.
trigonal pyramidal in shape.
see-saw in shape.
tetrahedral in shape.
an ionic solid involving only singly-charged ions.
6. What are the approximate bond angles of those indicated in the structure of hydroflumethiazide, an anti-anxiety
drug?
2
7. Draw the best Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions. Identify the parent and molecular
shape (except for diatomics) and, in the case of neutral molecules, whether or not each molecule is polar. Be
sure to include any non-zero formal charges, and show all pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all bond pairs
as lines. Finally, draw a perspective diagram of each molecule or ion. (There is only one central atom in each
case; it has been underlined where there is possible ambiguity.)
Molecular Polar or
Lewis Structure Parent Shape Perspective Diagram
Shape Non-polar?
SiBr4
SO2Cl2
ClOF
BrF5
XeO3
[XeO4]2-
3
Molecular Polar or
Shape Non-polar?
PH3
CH3Cl
BrOF3
BClI2
ClBr
[ClO4]⁻
[NO2] ⁻
4
Molecular Polar or
Shape Non-polar?
HOCl
H2Se
SCl2O2
[PO4]3-
XeF2
SOCl2
PO(NH2)F2
5
Molecular Polar or
Shape Non-polar?
HCl
N2
SiF4
[PCl6]⁻
SeF4
[ClO3]⁻
COCl2
6
Molecular Polar or
Shape Non-polar?
[SCN]⁻
ClF3
CO
O2
SO2
[HO2]⁻
AsF5
7
Molecular Polar or
Shape Non-polar?
SeFCl
FNO
XeF4
IF7
[ClF4]+
[CN]⁻
SNF3
8
Molecular Polar or
Shape Non-polar?
XeOF4
NO
9
8. Identify the parent and molecular shapes for the following 3D models:
Part Image Parent Shape Molecular Shape

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(all atoms are co-

planar)
10
9. Hexanoyl chloride is an organic molecule with a functional group called an acid chloride. Three different
representations (a Lewis structure, a perspective diagram, and a 3D model) of this molecule are shown below.
(a) Identify the parent shape and the molecular shape of each central atom
(b) What is the maximum number of atoms that can lie in the same plane?
(c) Are there any polar covalent bonds in this molecule?
(d) Is this molecule polar?
11
10. Butandioic acid is an organic molecule with two carboxylic acid functional groups. Three different
representations (a Lewis structure, a perspective diagram, and a 3D model) of this molecule are shown below.
(a) Identify the parent shape and the molecular shape of each carbon atom.
(b) What is the maximum number of atoms that can lie in the same plane?
(c) In an aqueous solution, butandioic acid will behave as a Brønsted-Lowry acid and donate a proton (H+) to
form H3O+(aq). Identify the acidic protons.
12
11. Which of the following molecules is/are non-polar?
(A) ClF3
(B) XeO3
(C) SeO2
(D) SOCl2
(E) XeF4
12. In each of the following series, pick out the one member that is structurally different and specify its shape
and the shapes of the remaining members of the series:
(a) [NO2]+, [N3]—, [ClO2]+, [NCO]—, OCS

(b) PF5, SbF5, IF5, SOF4, AsF5
13. For each of the following, draw all valid resonance structures (only expand octets to reduce formal charge).
Circle best resonance structure(s). What is the molecular shape in each case? For neutral molecules, indicate
whether they are polar or non-polar.
(a) [ClO4]⁻
(b) SO3
(c) POF3
(d) [N3]⁻
(e) SeO2
(f) [SCN]⁻
13
14. Draw perspective diagrams for each of the following compounds.
15. Which of the following is a correctly drawn perspective diagram for C2H4O?
16. Molecules with this shape are always polar:
A. Octahedral
B. Trigonal planar
C. T-shaped
D. Linear
E. Tetrahedral
17. Which of the following molecules possesses a permanent dipole moment?
A. XeF2
B. XeF4
C. SF4
D. PF5
E. SiF4
18. Which of the following molecules is trigonal planar in molecular shape and has a net dipole moment?
A. PCl2F
B. BF3
C. BrF3
D. SO3
E. CH2O
14
19. Methanol (CH3OH, 2 mol) reacts with O2 (1 mol) at high temperature (with a catalyst) to give only water (2
mol) and product X (2 mol). What is the molecular geometry of X?
20. Using the skeletal structures shown below, identify the maximum number of atoms that can lie in the same
plane for each molecule. Lone pairs are not shown
21. The following questions are about N2H2 (diazene) and N2H4 (hydrazine).
(a) What is the bond order of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in N2H2?

(b) What is the bond order of each nitrogen-hydrogen bond in N2H2?
(c) What is the maximum number of co-planar atoms that can occur in the molecular structure of N2H4?
(d) Which has the shorter nitrogen-nitrogen bond length, N2H2 or N2H4?
(e) Which has the smaller nitrogen-nitrogen bond dissociation energy, N2H2 or N2H4?
22. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method that can allow determination of
molecular structure. In this method, transitions between the nuclear energy levels of atoms within molecules can
be measured by the absorption or emission of electromagnetic energy of appropriate wavelength (typically radio
frequency). These transitions result in the observation of separate signals for atoms in different environments.
For example, the axial and equatorial fluorine atoms in PF5 are in different environments, and the fluorine NMR
spectrum of this compound contains two signals. One signal is due to the two axial fluorine atoms whereas the
other signal is due to the three equatorial fluorine atoms. Using the above information, decide how many signals
are expected in the fluorine NMR spectrum of:
(a) SF4
(b) XeF4
(c) ClF3
15
1. Provide values for m and n that would complete the empirical formula of a compound that is isolable.
(a) KmFn
(b) Mgm[PO4]n
(c) Bam[SO4]n
(d) Mgm[NO2]n
(e) Km[Cr2O7]n
2. Arrange the following atoms (from molecules) in order of increasing electronegativity.
Al, C, Cl, S, Si
3. Which of the following species contains only ionic bonds?
(A) NaN3
(B) CaF2
(C) H2SO4
(D) NH4Cl
(E) Li3PO4
4. Which of the following molecules cannot be represented by a Lewis structure with a complete octet on each
atom?
(A) O2
(B) CO
(C) N2
(D) NO2
(E) N2O
5. Complete the following sentence. When choosing among a set of non-equivalent Lewis structures for a
chemical species, the most favoured is the one:
(A) that contains the greatest number of double bonds.

(B) in which the sum of the formal charges is always zero.
(C) that contains only single bonds.
(D) in which the formal charges on atoms are as low as possible.
(E) in which the central atom always has positive formal charge.
6. Which of the following would not be expected to exist as a stable neutral molecule?
(A) NH3
(B) N2H6
(C) SF6
(D) N2H4
(E) none of the above
1
7. Which of the following pairs of molecules or ions are isoelectronic? Isoelectronic species have the same
number of electrons.
(A) N2 and O2
(B) [SCN] — and [OCN] —
(C) [NO3—] and [CO3]2—
(D) OF2 and OH2
(E) CO and NO
8. Draw the best Lewis structures for each of the following molecules or ions. Write any non-zero formal charges
on the appropriate atoms, show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots, and all bond pairs as lines.
(a) H2S
(b) BCl3
(c) HN3 (atom connectivity is H-N-N-N)
(d) COH2 (formaldehyde)
(e) [BH4] —
(f) [IO2F2] —
(g) CN— (cyanide ion)
(h) SCl4
(i) [BrO3] —
(j) SO3
9. The C-O bond order for the carbonate anion, [CO3]2-, wherein C is the central atom, is best described as:
(A) between 0 and 1
(B) exactly 1
(C) between 1 and 2
(D) exactly 2
(E) between 2 and 3
10. Which of the following molecules or ions contain a triple bond?
(A) [O2]2+
(B) C2HCl (chloroacetylene)
(C) [O2]2—
(D) CO
(E) [NO]+
2
11. Draw a Lewis structure for NO2 and use it to explain why NO2 may be toxic.
12. Draw the best Lewis structure for HNCO. The atom connectivity is H—N—C—O. Write any non-zero formal
charges on the appropriate atoms, show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots, and all bond pairs as lines.
13. Draw Lewis structures for the best two isomers of S2F2. Write any non-zero formal charges on the
appropriate atoms, show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots, and all bond pairs as lines.
14. Which of the following species have resonance structures? For each, show all of the chemically reasonable
resonance structures. Show all lone pairs as pairs of dots and show any non-zero formal charges.
(a) OF2
(b) [NO3]—
(c) O3
(d) OH
15. Draw all chemically reasonable resonance Lewis diagrams for the two ions given below. For each diagram,
write the formal charge on each atom. Indicate the diagram that best represents the bonding in the ion, and
write the reason for making your particular choice.
(a) [ClO4]— (chlorine is the central atom)
(b) [SCN] — (carbon is the central atom)
16. Draw Lewis structures for three possible isomers with the molecular formula NOBr (none of which contain
rings). Given that NOBr is formed from the reaction of bromine with nitric oxide, give the most likely structure for
NOBr.
ChIRP Typo: the parts (a) and (b) given under question 16 are for question 19. Please ignore them here!
3
17. For each skeletal structure below, complete the Lewis structure by adding bonds, lone pairs, and formal
charges where appropriate. Draw all valid resonance structures.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
4
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
5
18. Draw Lewis structures for the TWO BEST resonance forms of the following species. Write any non-zero
formal charges on the appropriate atoms. Show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots.
(a) [OCN]-
(b) N2O3 (the atom connectivity is in this molecule)
19. For each of the ions below, draw the best three resonance structures. For each structure, write any non-zero
formal charges on the appropriate atoms. In each case, the central atom is underlined. Show all lone pairs as
pairs of dots.
(a) [ClO2]—
(b) [CN2]2—
20. Classify the following pair of structures as (A) isomers or (B) resonance structures.
6
21. The molecule nicotine is an addictive substance found in tobacco. The skeletal structure of nicotine is shown
below. Multiple bonds and lone pairs are not shown. Use this structure to answer questions a and b.
(a) In nicotine, the C-C bond labelled “W” is expected to be
(A) the same length as a typical C-C bond.

(B) between the length of a typical C-C single and double bond.
(C) the same length as a typical C-C double bond.
(D) between the length of a typical C-C double and triple bond.
(E) the same length as a typical C-C triple bond.
(b) In nicotine, the C-C bond labelled “X” is expected to be
(A) the same length as a typical C-C bond.

(B) between the length of a typical C-C single and double bond.
(C) the same length as a typical C-C double bond.
(D) between the length of a typical C-C double and triple bond.
(E) the same length as a typical C-C triple bond.
22. How many double bonds are present in the best Lewis structure of chloric acid, HClO 3?
23. The N-O bond length in [NO]+ is 106 pm and the N-O bond length in NO2 is 124 pm. What is the N-O bond
length in [NO2]+?
(A) 106 pm
(B) 124 pm
(C) 90 pm
(D) 140 pm
(E) 115 pm
24. (a) Draw the 3 most chemically reasonable Lewis structures for a furanolate anion, [C 4H3O2]⁻, using the
skeletal structures below. Show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all additional bonds as lines.
Write any non-zero formal charges on the appropriate atoms.
(b) Select the best Lewis structure above.
7
25. Draw the 4 best resonance Lewis structure for the squarate anion, [C 4O4]2⁻, by neatly completing the skeletal
structures below. Show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all additional bonds as lines. Write any
non-zero formal charges on the appropriate atoms.
26. Using curved arrow notation, show the movement of electrons for the following reaction:
27. Consider the following acid-base reactions with curved arrows shown on the reactants. Complete the
reactions by drawing the products.
(a)
8
(b)
28. Show the mechanism of the following acid-base reactions by adding curved arrows on the reactants.
(a)
(b)
9
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Question 5 2 pts
Which two isotopes have the same number of neutrons?
© UBC Chemistry 2020. Do not copy, reproduce, or distribute. This question is part of a timed assessment that is to be completed
individually and without any assistance.
29Si and 31P
7Li and 9Be
19F and 20Ne
1H and 3H
18O and 18F
Question 6 2 pts
Which one of the following species does NOT exist as an isolable compound?
LiBr
KHCO3
MgF
NaN3
Al2O3
Question 7 2 pts
What is the As-O bond order in the best Lewis structure of [AsF2O2]‾ ? Arsenic, As, is the only central atom.
One As-O bond order is 1, while the other As-O bond order is 2.
None of the other answers are correct.
Between 1 and 2
Exactly 2
Between 2 and 3
Exactly 1
Question 8 2 pts
The following Lewis structure is missing formal charges, but it is otherwise complete. What are the formal charges on
the atoms labelled X and Y ?
Formal Charge on the atom labelled X:
Formal Charge on the atom labelled Y:
Question 9 2 pts
Select ALL of the molecules that do NOT have a hypervalent central atom. The central atom is listed first in each
molecule.
AlBr3
SBr6
PBr5
SBr4
SiBr4
Question 10 2 pts
The skeletal structure of a molecule and three Lewis structures, labelled I-III, are shown below. Which of the three
Lewis structures are valid?
All of the Lewis structures (I, II, and III) are valid.
I and II only
II only
III only
II and III only
I and III only
I only
None of the Lewis structures are valid.
Question 11 2 pts
The following skeletal structure is missing 26 valence electrons. Complete the skeletal structure to give the best
Lewis structure before answering the following question.
Select ALL of the statements below that are TRUE about the oxygen atom labelled "A" in the best Lewis structure.
It has a formal charge of -1.
It has an oxidation state of -2.
It is hypervalent.
It has a positive partial charge.
Question 12 2 pts
Indigo is a naturally occurring pigment that is used to dye blue jeans. One of the best Lewis structures of indigo is
shown below.
Which one of the following Lewis structures is NOT a resonance structure of indigo?
D
A
Question 13 2 pts
The skeletal structure shown below is missing 12 valence electrons.
Consider the following three resonance structures labelled I, II, and III.
Select ALL statements that are TRUE.
Structure II is a better Lewis structure than Structure III.
Structure I is a better Lewis structure than Structure III.
None of the other statements are true.
Structure I is a better Lewis structure than Structure II.
Question 14 2 pts
Which one of the following is the correct mechanism for an acid/base reaction?
E
A
This is approximately the half-way point of the exam.
Consider taking a 30-second break before continuing with the rest of the exam.
Question 15 2 pts
Consider the molecule N2O3. The atom connectivity is:
Draw the TWO BEST resonance structures for N2O3. What is the best description of the bond order for the bond
labelled y?
The bond order is 3.
The bond order is exactly 2.
The bond order is exactly 1.
The bond order is between 1 and 2.
The bond order is between 2 and 3.
Question 16 2 pts
A compound has a molecular shape of trigonal planar. What are the possibilities for its parent shape? Select ALL
answers that apply.
See-saw
Tetrahedral
Trigonal Planar
Octahedral
Trigonal Bipyramidal
Question 17 2 pts
Which one of the following molecules or ions has a parent shape of tetrahedral and molecular shape of tetrahedral?
The central atom is underlined.
XeOF4
[ICl4]‾
SF4
[SO4]2‾
None of the other options
Question 18 2 pts
Select the correct answer from the dropdown menu.
The maximum number of atoms that can lie in the same plane for [BrF4]‾ is that of
XeO4.
Question 19 2 pts
Which one of the following perspective diagrams is drawn correctly?
C
Question 20 2 pts
When combined in appropriate stoichiometric amounts, [CH3]+ and [SeO3]2‾ react to give a single, isolable, colorless
liquid product. Given this information, select the answer that corresponds to the best Lewis structure of the product.
B
E
Question 21 3 pts
Indicate whether the following statement is true or false, and then explain your reasoning.
Resonance structures represent different states that a molecule switches between.
Please start your answer with the word "True" or "False" and then give your explanation. Your explanation must be
IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Do NOT copy and paste information from other places. Use plain text only. Do NOT
include images, links, etc. Keep your explanation brief (2-4 sentences).
HTML Editor
12pt Paragraph
Page 2 of 10
1. [2 marks] Which one of the following atoms or ions has the highest number of valence electrons?
A. Ca2+
B. Be+
C. C2-
D. He
E. S2⁻
2. [2 marks] Which one of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
A. I2
B. MgCl2
C. CH2O
D. NH4NO3
E. CH3NH2
3. [2 marks] Which one of the following atoms (from molecules) is the least electronegative?
A. Al
B. B
C. C
D. Cl
E. F
4. [2 marks] Which one of the following statements is TRUE for valid Lewis structures involving boron?
A. Boron always has a complete octet.
B. Boron always has an incomplete octet.
C. Boron sometimes has an incomplete octet.
D. Boron sometimes has an expanded octet.
E. Boron never has a complete octet.
5. [2 marks] Which one of the following molecules/ions is a free radical? The central atom is underlined.
A. ClF3
B. CCl3
C. [ClO3]⁻
D. NCl3
E. Cl2

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Page 3 of 10
6. [2 marks] The skeletal structure of nitrosyl cyanide (ONCN) is shown below. In the best Lewis
structure of nitrosyl cyanide, what are the bond orders of the bonds labelled X and Y?
A. X=1 and Y = 3
B. X = 3 and Y = 2
C. X = 3 and Y = 1
D. X = 2 and Y = 2
E. X = 2 and Y = 3
7. [2 marks] A nitrogen atom in a molecule satisfies the octet rule with a total of three bonds and one lone
pair of electrons. What must be true about the nitrogen atom?
A. Its parent shape must be linear.

B. Its parent shape must be trigonal planar.
C. Its parent shape must be trigonal pyramidal.
D. Its parent shape must be tetrahedral.
E. None of the above must be true.
8. [2 marks] What is the molecular shape of BrF5?
A. Square-based Pyramidal
B. Octahedral
C. Trigonal Bipyramidal
D. Pentagonal Planar
E. Pentagonal Bipyramidal
9. [2 marks] Which one of the five compounds below does NOT contain at least one fluorinecentral
atomfluorine bond angle measuring approximately 90°?
A. XeF4
B. SeF3+
C. SF4
D. IF3
E. SbF5

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Page 4 of 10
The skeletal structure and a 3D model of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid, C7H5IO4, are shown below. Multiple bonds,
lone electron pairs, and formal charges are not shown in the skeletal structure. Use the best Lewis resonance
structures of this molecule to answer questions 10 to 13.
Note: In the given 3D model, all atoms lie in the same plane except for the -OH attached to the iodine.
Skeletal structure 3D model of one resonance structure
10. [2 marks] What is the bond order at the bond labelled X ?
A. 1
B. Between 1 and 2
C. 2
D. Between 2 and 3
E. 3
11. [2 marks] What is the parent shape of the carbon atom labelled Y ?
A. Trigonal Pyramidal
B. T-Shaped
C. Tetrahedral
D. Trigonal Planar
E. Linear
12. [2 marks] What is the molecular shape of the iodine atom?
A. Square-based Pyramidal
B. Tetrahedral
C. Seesaw
D. T-Shaped
E. Trigonal Bipyramidal
13. [2 marks] What is the approximate O-I-O bond angle labelled Z ?
A. 90°
B. 109.5°
C. 120°
D. 135°
E. 180°

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Page 5 of 10
14. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] Which of the following statements is TRUE for
hydrogen (1H) and helium (4He) atoms that have the same de Broglie wavelength?
A. H and He have the same velocity

B. H and He have the same momentum.
C. The kinetic energy of H is one-quarter (1/4) that of He.
D. The velocity of H is half (1/2) that of He.
E. The momentum of H is one-quarter (1/4) that of He.
15. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] An electron is in the n = 4 state of a one-
dimensional box with L = 18.0 nm. If the box increases in length until L = 36.0 nm, what happens to
energy difference between the n = 4 and n = 5 states?
A. The energy difference does not change.

B. The energy difference increases by a factor of 4 (it quadruples).
C. The energy difference increases by a factor of 2 (it doubles).
D. The energy difference decreases by a factor of 0.5 (it halves).
E. The energy difference decreases by a factor of 0.25 (it quarters).
16. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] Consider the following three graphs, labelled I
through III, representing a quantum particle confined in a one-dimensional box with L = 10.0 nm. The
axes labels are intentionally not shown.
I. II. III.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Graph I shows the wavefunction, , for n = 2 as a function of box position.

B. Graph II shows the wavefunction, , for n = 3 as a function of box position.
C. Graph I and III show wavefunctions with different energies.
D. Graph II shows the probability distribution for the  shown in Graphs I and III.
E. Graph I and III show wavefunctions with different probability distributions.

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Page 6 of 10
work.
17. [2 marks] Theobromine is a molecule related to caffeine that is Template for rough work:
found in dark chocolate. On the bubble sheet, complete the
skeletal structure of theobromine to give the best Lewis
structure. Show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all
additional bonds as lines. Write any non-zero formal charges on
the appropriate atoms.
Theobromine
18. [3 marks] Consider the Lewis resonance structure shown below. By following the motion of electrons
indicated by the curved arrows, draw the resulting Lewis resonance structure on the bubble sheet. Show
all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all additional bonds as lines. Write any non-zero formal
charges on the appropriate atoms. Circle the best Lewis structure.
Template for rough work:
19. [2 marks] Consider the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction shown below. In the appropriate box on the
bubble sheet, use curved arrow notation on the reactants to show how the products are formed in this
proton transfer reaction. The acidic hydrogen is shown in bold.

All Rights Reserved
Page 7 of 10
20. [12 marks] Complete the table for the following molecules/ions on the bubble sheet. For the last three
molecules, the central atom is underlined and all other atoms are connected only to the central atom. For
Lewis structures, be sure to show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and to indicate any non-zero
formal charges on the appropriate atoms.
[2020: OMIT this

column for MT1;
Best Lewis Structure Perspective Diagram include it for MT2]
Is the molecule polar?
Yes/No
HCNO
(atom
connectivity
is
H-C-N-O)
CSCl2
IBr3
SeO2F2

All Rights Reserved
Page 8 of 10
21. [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] An electron is confined in a one-dimensional box along the x-
axis with L = 3.96 Å.
(a) [2 marks] The electron is initially in the n = 7 state. Calculate the wavelength, , for its
wavefunction. Show your work on the bubble sheet. Give your answer in Angstroms (Å) to 2
decimal places.
(b) [2 marks] The probability (as a percentage) of finding the electron between x = 0.00 Å and x = m Å
is 42.9%. What is the value (position) of m? Show your work on the bubble sheet. Give your answer
in Angstroms (Å) to 2 decimal places.
(c) [2 marks] What is the energy of the electron in the n = 7 state? Show your work on the bubble sheet.
Give your answer in joules to 3 significant figures.
(d) [1 mark] If the electron is in the n = 7 state, is it possible for the electron to release exactly
1.78 x10⁻17 J of energy? Circle your answer on the bubble sheet.
YES NO
END OF EXAMINATION
All Rights Reserved
Page 2 of 10

1. [2 marks] Which one of the following neutral elements does NOT have an equal number of electrons
and neutrons in its most naturally abundant isotopic form?
A. He
B. N
C. O
D. F
E. Ne
2. [2 marks] Which one of the following bonds has the highest percent ionic character?
A. RbCl
B. CO
C. N2
D. HF
E. NO
3. [2 marks] Which one of the following series lists the atoms (from molecules) in order of increasing
electronegativity?
A. F < O < N < C < B
B. C < N < O < F < Ne
C. Na < S < P < Si < Cl
D. Ra < B < Sr < Ca < Mg
E. Tl < Sn < Ge < As < S
4. [2 marks] Nitric oxide can exist as NO, [NO]+, and [NO]⁻. Which of these three forms has the shortest
bond length?
A. NO
B. [NO]⁻
C. [NO]+
D. None; they are all the same length.
E. Cannot determine with information provided.
5. [2 marks] Which one of the following molecules/ions is a free radical?

A. [C2H5O]⁻
B. CH3NO
C. C2H5S
D. [CH3NH3]+
E. SO3
Page 3 of 10
6. [2 marks] In the methyloxonium cation, [CH3OH2]+, the oxygen has:

A. oxidation state = 2, formal charge = 1, and a negative partial charge
B. oxidation state = +2, formal charge = 1, and a positive partial charge
C. oxidation state = 2, formal charge = 0, and no partial charge
D. oxidation state = +2, formal charge = +1, and a positive partial charge
E. oxidation state = 2, formal charge = +1, and a negative partial charge
7. [2 marks] Out of the five bonds labelled A-E on the molecule below, which one has the largest bond
dipole?
8. [2 marks] Which one of the following options is the best Lewis structure of CH2N2?
A. B. C.
D. E. F.
9. [2 marks] How many single bonds are there in the best Lewis structure of carbonic acid, H2CO3?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
E. 0
Page 4 of 10
10. [2 marks] For each part, i-ii, classify the pair of molecules below as:
A. isomers
B. resonance structures
C. the same molecule
D. no relationship
11. [2 marks] A central atom that is singly bonded to three other atoms and has two lone pairs will have
which molecular shape?
A. T-Shaped
B. Trigonal Bipyramidal
C. Trigonal Planar
D. Trigonal Pyramidal
E. Tetrahedral
12. [2 marks] Which of the four compounds below contain at least one fluorinecentral atomfluorine bond
angle measuring approximately 90°?
XeF4 SeF4 SF4 BrF3

A. XeF4 and SeF4 only
B. XeF4, SeF4, and SF4 only
C. SeF4 and SF4 only
D. SeF4, SF4, and BrF3 only
E. all four compounds
13. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] Which one of the following molecules has
octahedral parent shape and is polar? The central atoms are underlined.
A. PCl3
B. ICl3
C. BrCl5
D. PCl5
E. SF6
Page 5 of 10
14. [2 marks] What is the maximum number of coplanar atoms in XeO2F2? The central atom is underlined.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. Impossible to determine
15. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] The graph below shows a transverse wave
travelling to the right at a speed of 12 m/s. What
is its frequency?
A. 2 Hz
B. 3 Hz
C. 4 Hz
D. 6 Hz
E. 12 Hz
16. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] An electron is in the n = 3 state of a one-
dimensional box with L = 24.0 nm. What is the probability (as a percentage) of finding the electron
between x = 0.0 nm and x = 8.0 nm?
A. 0%
B. 10%
C. 25%
D. 33%
E. 50%
17. [2 marks] [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] A particle is accelerated to a speed of 1.00 x 104
m/s. In a diffraction experiment, its de Broglie wavelength was determined to be 9.98 pm. What is the
identity of this particle?
A. An electron
B. A proton
C. An alpha particle (a 4He nucleus)
D. An ammonium ion, [NH4]+
E. An [O2]⁻ ion
Page 6 of 10
work.
18. [4 marks] Complete the skeletal structures of 2-pyridinone to give three valid Lewis resonance
structures. Show all lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all additional bonds as lines. Write any
non-zero formal charges on the appropriate atoms. Circle the best Lewis resonance structure.
19. [2 marks] Consider the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction shown below. In the appropriate box on the
bubble sheet, use curved arrow notation on the reactants to show how the products are formed in this
proton transfer reaction. The acidic hydrogen is shown in bold.

Page 7 of 10
20. [9 marks] Complete the table for the following molecules on the separate bubble sheet. The central
atom in each molecule is underlined. For Lewis structures, be sure to show all lone pairs of electrons as
pairs of dots and to indicate any non-zero formal charges on the appropriate atoms.
Best Lewis Structure Perspective Diagram Molecular Shape
[OCN]⁻
AsF5
PBr3
[SeSO3]2- Tetrahedral
Page 8 of 10
21. [2020: OMIT for MT1; include for MT2] An electron is in a one-dimensional box with a length of 6.0
Å. The plots below show the wavefunction of the electron in State A (left) and State B (right).
State A State B
(a) [1 mark] What is n for State A? n = _____

(b) [1 mark] What is n for State B? n = _____
(c) [1 mark] If the electron transitions from State A to State B, does the energy of the electron
increase or decrease? Circle your answer on the bubble sheet.
Increases Decreases
(d) [3 marks] Calculate the energy change, E, for the process described in part (c). On the bubble
sheet, show your work and give your answer in joules to 3 significant figures.
(e) [2 marks] From State B, the electron relaxes into the ground state. What is the energy of the
electron in the ground state? Give your answer in joules to 3 significant figures.
END OF EXAMINATION

CHEM 120 Chapters 1-5 Questions

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Page 2 of 10

PART I. Multiple Choice [36 marks total]

A. The radial node of the 3p orbital is closer to the nucleus in Li2+.

© UBC Chemistry 2019

A. Emission from n = 3 to n = 2, followed by absorption from n = 2 to n = 1

© 2019 UBC Chemistry

A. (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms) = (3, 0, 0, +½)

A. [Kr] 5s2 3f 14 4d10 5p2

© UBC Chemistry 2019

A. Antibonding orbitals must have at least one node.

© 2019 UBC Chemistry

PART II. Short Answer Questions [23 marks total]

(a) Chlorine, Cl _______________________________________________________________

(b) Thallium, Tl _______________________________________________________________

(b) Manganese(II) ion, Mn2+

© 2019 UBC Chemistry

(c) [1 mark] What is the bond order of [N2]2+?

Templates for rough work:

PART I. Multiple Choice [36 marks total]

A. (n, ℓ, mℓ) = (9, 5, 2)

A. The light is absorbed, and the electron is promoted from ni = 1 to nf = 2.

A. Scandium (Ebinding = 6.39 x 10⁻17 J)

A. The number of ejected electrons will decrease.

A. [Ne] 4s2 3d10

A. Be2+ < N3⁻ < O2⁻ < Te2⁻ < Cs+

© 2018 UBC Chemistry

A. Less than 2.18 x 10⁻18 J

A. The orbital is one of the first excited states.

© 2018 UBC Chemistry

(b) Co2+ _________________________________________________________________

© 2018 UBC Chemistry

Space for rough work:

First Excited State

© 2018 UBC Chemistry

Templates for rough work:

Ensure all answers are on the bubble sheet.

© 2018 UBC Chemistry

1. Which of the following orbitals can exist?

(a) Name the orbital to which the above figure refers.

0 1.0 3.0 5.0 9.0

(a) Assign the curves as He+ or Li2+.

7. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) It would take 12 electrons to fill an ƒ subshell.

8. In which one of the following orbitals is the x-axis a node?

(a) How many radial nodes does the orbital have?

(b) What is the value of ℓ for the orbital?

(c) What is the value of n for the orbital?

Quantum Numbers Nodes

1. What is the wavelength of light with a frequency of 5000 MHz?

2. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for:

(a) A proton with a velocity of 15% of the speed of light.

(b) An electron with a velocity of 5% of the speed of light.  

(A) H⁺ (B) He⁺ (C) Li⁺ (D) Be⁺ (E) B⁺

(a) Which distribution is wider?

7. The following figure shows a standing wave confined between x = 0 and x = 9 Å.

(a) What is the wavelength?

(b) What is the amplitude?

(A) = 0.292 cm

(a) A state where the wavefunction has a wavelength of  = L/3 is: n=