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    General Biology

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    Precious Quiledoro
    This document provides information about plant biology concepts including: 1. Instructions to draw and label monocot and dicot root cross sections, and trace the symplast and apoplast routes of water movement. 2. Examples of three mobile nutrient deficiencies in plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium - and their corresponding symptoms of chlorosis and stunted growth. 3. A description of the role of the Casparian strip in endodermal cells to regulate the passage of water and materials from the soil into the vascular cylinder of roots.

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    General Biology

    Uploaded by

    Precious Quiledoro
    207 views3 pages
    This document provides information about plant biology concepts including: 1. Instructions to draw and label monocot and dicot root cross sections, and trace the symplast and apoplast routes of water movement. 2. Examples of three mobile nutrient deficiencies in plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium - and their corresponding symptoms of chlorosis and stunted growth. 3. A description of the role of the Casparian strip in endodermal cells to regulate the passage of water and materials from the soil into the vascular cylinder of roots.

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    This document provides information about plant biology concepts including: 1. Instructions to draw and label monocot and dicot root cross sections, and trace the symplast and apoplast routes of water movement. 2. Examples of three mobile nutrient deficiencies in plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium - and their corresponding symptoms of chlorosis and stunted growth. 3. A description of the role of the Casparian strip in endodermal cells to regulate the passage of water and materials from the soil into the vascular cylinder of roots.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    207 views3 pages

    General Biology

    Uploaded by

    Precious Quiledoro
    This document provides information about plant biology concepts including: 1. Instructions to draw and label monocot and dicot root cross sections, and trace the symplast and apoplast routes of water movement. 2. Examples of three mobile nutrient deficiencies in plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium - and their corresponding symptoms of chlorosis and stunted growth. 3. A description of the role of the Casparian strip in endodermal cells to regulate the passage of water and materials from the soil into the vascular cylinder of roots.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    General Biology

    Drawing Activity or Laboratory Work

    Nutrient Procurement and Processing

    A. Draw the monocot and dicot root cross sections.


    B. For each, label the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, xylem and phloem.
    C. On the drawing, use a red ball pen to trace the symplast route, and a blue ball pen to trace the
    apoplast route for the movement of water from the soil to the xylem.
    D. Give three examples of nutrient deficiencies in plants and the corresponding symptoms.

    Mobile Nutrients - Symptoms of deficiency generally appear in older leaves at the lower part of the
    plants.

    1. Nitrogen (N)
    Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients commonly applied as fertilisers. Plants absorb Nitrogen in
    the form of ammonium or nitrate which can be readily dissolved in water and leached away
    from soil. Nitrogen is needed by plants to promote rapid growth especially for fruit and seed
    development. Also, it increases leaf size and quality, and hastens plant maturity.
     Deficiency symptoms: General chlorosis of entire plant to a light green followed by yellowing of
    older leaves proceeding towards younger leaves. Plants become spindly, stunted and secondary
    shoots develop poorly if the initial symptoms are not corrected.

    2. Phosphorus (P)

    Phosphorus is the second major component in fertilisers. Plants absorb Phosphorus in the form
    of phosphate. Phosphorus is needed by plants to promote photosynthesis, protein formation,
    seed germination, bloom stimulation and budding. It also hastens maturity.
     Deficiency symptoms: Purple or bronze colouration on the underside of older leaves due to the
    accumulation of the pigment, Anthocyanin. Affected plants develop very slowly and are stunted
    compared to normal plants.

    3. Potassium (K)

    Potassium is the third major component in fertilisers. Plants absorb Potassium as an ion, which
    can be readily leached and lost through run-off from the soil. Potassium is needed by the plants
    to promote formation of sugars for protein synthesis, cell division in plants and for root
    development. It also increases the plant’s resistance to diseases.
     Deficiency symptoms: Leaf edge chlorosis on new matured leaves followed by interveinal
    scorching and necrosis from leaf edge to the midrib as deficiency increases. The chlorosis in
    potassium deficiency is irreversible even if potassium is given to plants.

    4. Magnesium (Mg)

    Magnesium is a structural component of the chlorophyll molecule. Magnesium is needed by


    plants to promote the function of plant enzymes to produce carbohydrates, sugars and fats and
    in the regulation of nutrient absorption.
     Deficiency symptoms: Older leaves are chlorotic in between veins, often known as interveinal
    chlorosis. In severe deficiency, plant growth rate drops, leaf size is reduced, and lower leaves are
    shed.

    E. What is the role of the Casparian strip present in endodermal cells?


     Casparian strip- A band of waterproof, corky tissue that is found on the side and walls of the
    endodermis of roots. The strip prevents water from entering the pericycle except through the
    cytoplasm of endodermal cells; this may be important in producing root pressure.
     It allows the plant to regulate what moves through the apoplast, cell walls cannot regulate
    material, only the plasma membrane can.
     It stops materials that have been moving through the apoplast and forces them to move into the
    cytosol of the endodermis. This forces them to cross over the plasma membrane before being
    allowed to enter the vascular cylinder.

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