INSTRUCTION PLAN

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

LOVELY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

Course Number: CIV 208

L T P CREDI
Course Title: Fluid Mechanics 4 1 0 5

Course Planner: Vikrant Sharma

Course Objectives:

• To develop fundamental knowledge of fluids and their properties.

• Apply Newtonian mechanics and conservation principles to fluids.

• Understanding turbulent flows and boundary layer conditions using dimensionless

numbers.

• Applying the concepts to solve engineering problems related to Civil Engineering.

Pre-Requisites:

• Senior Secondary level Mathematics.

• Senior Secondary level Physics.

Text Book: Fluid Mechanics and its Applications, Vijay Gupta & Santosh K Gupta. (New age
international publishers)

Reference Sources:

• Reference Books:

o Ref1: Fluid Mechanics – Fundamentals and Applications, Yunus A. Cengel &

John M. Cimbala. (Tata McGraw Hill)

• World Wide Web: There are many websites dedicated to fluid mechanics. Also you can
find a lot of pictures, movies and discussions on various websites.

• Journal Publications: Specific articles and papers related to the course topics can be
found in various journals like ASCE, IAHR, Springer publications etc.

WEIGHTAGES

MTE ETE
Attendance CA P Th P Th

10 30 0 20 0 40

Lecture
Week No Topic Reference Pedagogical tools
General Introduction to Fluids.
Fluid mechanics in Civil Text: Sec 1.1 to 1.2 http://web.mit.edu
Week 1 Lec. 1 Engineering. Course overview. Ref1: Sec 1-1 to Sec 1-3 /hml/ncfmf.html

States of matter. Difference

between gases and liquids. Forces
on bodies. Stress. Normal and
shear stress. Deformation due to
stress. Difference between solids Text: Sec 1.3; Ref1: Sec
Week 1 Lec. 2 and liquids. Definition of fluids. 2-6
Deformation in fluids due to shear
stress. Rate of strain. Derivation
Newton’s Law of viscosity.
Physical explanation to viscosity. Text: Sec 1.3; Ref1: Sec
Week 1 Lec. 3 Diffusion of momentum. 2-6
Generalized equation of viscosity.
Behavioral curves of fluids and
solids towards shear stress.
Viscometers. Rotational Text: Sec 1.3; Ref1: Sec
Week 1 Lec. 4 cylindrical viscometer. 2-6, example 2-4
Overview of falling sphere
viscometer. Mass density. Specific http://www.cambr
Week 2 Lec. 5 weight. Specific gravity. Ref1: Sec 2-2 idgeviscosity.com/
Pressure at a point. Pressure field. Text: Sec 2.1, 2.2 &2.4;
Week 2 Lec. 6 Static fluid pressure distribution Ref1: 3-1
Pressure measurement. Absolute
and gage pressure. Barometer.
Week 2 Lec. 7 Piezometer. Types of manometers Ref1: Sec 3-2 &3-3
http://www.jbc.or
U-tube manometer. Differential g/content/131/2/57
Week 2 Lec. 8 manometer. Ref1: Sec 3-2 &3-3 9.full.pdf

Static fluid forces on plane

submerged surfaces. Moment of
force about a point. Properties of Text: Sec 2.6; Ref1: Sec
Week 3 Lec. 9 various geometrical plane surfaces. 3-5
http://web.iitd.ac.i
Components of hydrostatic forces n/~chahar/Courses
acting on Dams. Upstream and /CEL351/Gravity
downstream depth of Dams. Other Text: Sec 2.6; Ref1: Sec Dam
Week 3 Lec. 10 submerged plane surfaces. 3-5 %20Forces.pdf
 Static fluid forces on curved
submerged surfaces. A curved Text: Sec 2.6; Ref1 Sec
Week 3 Lec. 11 surface supporting liquid. 3-6
Forces acting on Spillway gates.
Other examples of curved Text: Sec 2.6; Ref1: Sec
Week 3 Lec. 12 submerged surfaces. 3-6
Buoyancy. Stability of submerged Text: Sec 2.7; Ref1: Sec
Week 4 Lec. 13 and floating bodies. 3-7
Problems on stability and Text: Sec 2.7; Ref1: Sec
Week 4 Lec. 14 bouyancy. 3-7
Introduction to fluid flow.
Classification of flow patterns.
Steady and unsteady flows.
Week 4 Lec. 15 Uniform and non-uniform Text: Sec 3.1 to 3.3
Flow visualization. Dimensionality
of flow. Streamlines, streaklines Text: Sec 3.4; Ref1: Sec http://web.mit.edu
Week 4 Lec. 16 and pathlines. 4-2 /hml/ncfmf.html
Equations of fluid flow.
Lagrangian and Eulerian approach. Text: Sec 3.5; Ref1: Sec
Week 5 Lec. 17 The Substantial derivative. 4-1
General overview of laws of
conservation of mass, momentum
and energy. Velocity field. Text: Sec 3.2; Ref1: Sec
Week 5 Lec. 18 Acceleration and material fields. 4-1 & 5-1
Control Volume. Reynolds Text: Sec 3.7 & 3.8;
Week 5 Lec. 19 transport theorem. Ref1: Sec 4-5
Conservation of mass. The
differential analysis of continuity Text: Sec 4.1, 4.2 & 4.4;
Week 5 Lec. 20 equation. Ref1: Sec 5-1 & 5-2
Control volume. The integral
Week 6 Lec. 21 analysis of continuity equation. Text: Sec 4.1 & 4.2
External forces. Newton’s second
law of motion. Momentum
theorem from Reynolds transport Text: Sec 5.1 & 5.2;
Week 6 Lec. 22 equation. Ref1: Sec 6-1 to Sec 6-4
Some problems on conservation of
Week 6 Lec. 23 momentum.
Momentum correction factor and
Week 6 Lec. 24 its applications. Text: Sec 5.3
Moment of momentum and its
Week 7 Lec. 25 related problems. Text: Sec 5.4
Simple applications of
conservation of mass &
Week 7 Lec. 26 momentum in civil engineering.
 First Law of Thermodynamics.
Mechanical energy and efficiency.
Week 7 Lec. 27 The Energy equation. Text: Sec 7.1 to Sec 7.3
The energy equation. Velocity,
pressure and elevation heads. Text: Sec 7.5; Ref1: Sec
Week 7 Lec. 28 Derivation of Bernoulli’s equation. 5-4
MID-TERM
Limitations of Bernoulli’s
equation. Hydraulic and energy
grade lines. Pressure variations Text : Sec 7.6; Ref1: Sec
Week 8 Lec. 29 normal to streamlines. 5-4 & 5-5
Problems on conservation of
Week 8 Lec. 30 energy.
Turbines. Classification of
Week 8 Lec. 31 turbines. Impulse turbines. Text: Sec 8.3
Week 8 Lec. 32 Pelton-wheel turbine. Efficiencies. Text: Sec 8.4
http://www.usbr.g
Flow measurement and its use. Text: Sec 8.7; Ref1: Sec ov/pmts/hydraulic
Week 9 Lec. 33 Types of flow measuring devices. 8-8 s_lab/pubs/wmm/
Text: Sec 8.7; Ref1:
Week 9 Lec. 34 Orifices. Small orifices. Sec8-8
Text: Sec 8.7; Ref1: Sec
Week 9 Lec. 35 Large orifices. 8-8
Flow measurement in pipes. Text: Sec 8.7; Ref1: Sec
Week 9 Lec. 36 Venturi meter. 8-8
Week Text: Sec 8.7; Ref1: Sec
10 Lec. 37 Orifice meter. Pitot tube. 8-8
Week Some more problems on flow
10 Lec. 38 measurement.
Week Introduction to pipe flow. Entry
10 Lec. 39 lengths. Text: Sec 10.1
Week History of pipe flow research. Text: Sec 10.1 & 10.2;
10 Lec. 40 Steady uniform flow in a pipe. Ref1: Sec 8-2 & 8-4
Week Text: Sec 10.2; Ref1: Sec
11 Lec. 41 Hagen-Poiseuille’s equation. 8-5
Week Turbulent flow in pipes. Darcy- Text: Sec 10.2; Ref1: Sec
11 Lec. 42 Weisbach equation. 8-5
Reynolds distinction between
laminar and turbulent flows.
Week Reynolds number. Development of Text: Sec 10.2; Ref1: Sec
11 Lec. 43 pipe friction factor. 8-5
http://www.chem.
mtu.edu/~fmorriso
Week Development of Moody’s Chart Text: Sec 10.2 & 10.3; /cm310/MoodyLF
11 Lec. 44 and its use. Ref1: Sec 8-5 paper1944.pdf
Week Losses in pipe fittings. Sudden Text: Sec 10.4; Ref1:
12 Lec. 45 enlargement. Sec8.6
Week Text: Sec 10.4; Ref1: Sec
12 Lec. 46 Sudden contraction in pipes. 8.6
Week
12 Lec. 47 Some more problems on pipeflows
Fundamentals of derived units and
Week dimensions. Dimensional
12 Lec. 48 homogeneity. Ref1: Sec 7.1 to 7.3
Week Rayleigh’s and Bukingham’s Pi
13 Lec. 49 method for dimentional analysis. Ref1: Sec 7-4
Concept and importance of
Week boundary layers. Boundary layer
13 Lec. 50 equations. Text: Sec 13.1- 13.2
http://www.aps.or
g/units/dfd/resourc
es/upload/prandtl_
Week Prandlt boundary equation for flat vol58no12p42_48.
13 Lec. 51 plate. Text: Sec 13.2-13.3 pdf
Week Drag on bodies moving through
13 Lec. 52 fluids. Text: Sec 13.7
Week
14 Lec. 53 Problems on drag. Text: Sec 13.7
Week
14 Lec. 54 Review of topics.
Week
14 Lec. 55 Review of topics.
Week
14 Lec. 56 Review of topics.
 Tutorial
Week No Topic Reference Pedagogical tools
Free body diagrams, Problems on
stress in solid bodies, shear stress
Week 1 Tutorial 1 in solids and liquids. Text: Sec 1.1 to 1.2

Problems on viscosity.
Viscometer, Journal bearing.
Pressure variations in the http://www.cambr
Week 2 Tutorial 2 atmosphere. Text: Sec 2.5 idgeviscosity.com/

Text: Sec 2.1, 2.2 &2.4

Problems on pressure
Week 3 Tutorial 3 measurement and its distribution

Text: Sec 2.6

Problems on forces acting on
Week 4 Tutorial 4 submerged surfaces.
Problems on buoyancy and
stability. Basic problems on
conservation of mass, momentum Text: Sec 2.7; Ref1: Sec
Week 5 Tutorial 5 and energy. 3-7
Text: Sec 4.1, 4.2 & 4.4

Week 6 Tutorial 6 Problems on conservation of mass Ref1: Sec 5-1 & 5-2
Text: Sec 5.1, 5.2 & 5.3
Problems on conservation of
Week 7 Tutorial 7 momentum.
MID MID
TERM TERM MID TERM MID TERM MID TERM

Problems on conservation of
Week 8 Tutorial 8 energy. Text: Sec 7.1 to Sec 7.5

Problems on application of
conservation principles in civil
Week 9 Tutorial 9 engineering – Case studies.
 Text: Sec 8.4 & 8.7
Week Tutorial Problems on Turbine efficiency
10 10 and orifices.
Week Tutorial Text: Sec 8.7, 10.1 &
11 11 Problems on flow measurement. 10.2
Text: Sec 10.1to 10.3
Week Tutorial
12 12 Problems on pipe flow. Ref1: Sec 8-1 to 8-5
Text: Sec 10.4
Week Tutorial Problems on head losses in pipes
13 13 & Dimensional analysis.
Text: Sec 13.1 to 13.3
Week Tutorial
14 14 Problems on boundary layers.

END END
TERM TERM END TERM END TERM END TERM
Term Paper topics:
List of suggested topics for term paper:

1: Pressure variation with depth of oceans and forces on underwater tunnels.

2: Types of Spillway gates and the forces acting on them.

3: Hydrostatic forces on Dams and their upstream and downstream water levels.

4: Flow visualization techniques and their use.

5: Design and principle of a hover craft.

6: Micro-manometers, principle and designs.

7: Types of turbines used in hydropower projects, their efficiencies.

8: Hydraulic braking systems.

9: Mass and momentum equations for a rocket.

10: Viscosity measuring devices and their experimental design.

11: Cavitation, its causes and remedies.

12: Fluid forces on a manifold.

13: Wind profiles on barren land and vegetated surfaces.

14: Boomerang and its aerodynamics.

15: Types of weirs, their flow equations.

Homeworks:
HW1: Viscosity. Pressure.

HW2: Forces on submerged surfaces. Flow visualization.

HW3: Conservation of mass, momentum and energy.

HW4: Bernoulli’s equation and flow measurement devices.