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Lecture 4. Main Unprivileged Commands - II: Command: Purpose: Command: Purpose: Command: Purpose

This document summarizes several unprivileged commands in x86 assembly including: 1) bit manipulation commands like BTS, BTR, and BTC; 2) conditional jump commands like LOOP and LOOPE; 3) procedure calls and returns with CALL, RET, ENTER, and LEAVE; and 4) interrupt handling with INT and IRET. It provides examples of using commands like LOOP for iterative processing and ENTER/LEAVE for procedure stack frame management.

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48 views15 pages

Lecture 4. Main Unprivileged Commands - II: Command: Purpose: Command: Purpose: Command: Purpose

This document summarizes several unprivileged commands in x86 assembly including: 1) bit manipulation commands like BTS, BTR, and BTC; 2) conditional jump commands like LOOP and LOOPE; 3) procedure calls and returns with CALL, RET, ENTER, and LEAVE; and 4) interrupt handling with INT and IRET. It provides examples of using commands like LOOP for iterative processing and ENTER/LEAVE for procedure stack frame management.

Uploaded by

Anna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 4.

Main unprivileged
commands - II

Command: ROR receiver, counter


Purpose: Cyclic shift to the right

Command: ROL receiver, counter


Purpose: Cyclic shift to the left

Command: RCR receiver, counter


Purpose: Cyclic shift to the right through the
carryover flag

Command: RCL receiver, counter


Purpose: Cyclic shift to the left through the
carryover flag
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Figure 9. Cyclic shifts


Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II
Operations with bits and bytes
Command: BTS base, shift
Purpose: Checking and installing bit

Command: BTR base, shift


Purpose: Checking and resetting bit

Command: BTC base, shift


Purpose: Checking and inverting bit

Command: BSF receiver, source


Purpose: Direct search of bit

Command: BSR base, shift


Purpose: Inverse search of bit
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Command: SETcc receiver


Purpose: Byte installation on a condition
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II
Table 6. SETcc commands
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Commands of control transfer


Command: JMP operand
Purpose: Unconditional transition
Depending on transition type there distinguish:
transition of short type (short transition) — if transition address is ranging from -127 to +128 bytes form the JMP
command;
transition of near type (near transition) — if transition address is in the same segment as the JMP command;
transition of far type (far transition) — if transition address is in the other segment. Also far transition may be
executed in the same segment, if in segment part of operand there is a number, coinciding with the CS current
value;
transition with task switching — control transfer to other task in the multitask environment.

Command: Jcc label


Purpose: Conditional transition
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II
Table 7. Options of the Jcc command
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II
Command: JCXZ label
Purpose: Transition, if CX = 0

Command: JECXZ label


Purpose: Transition, if ECX = 0

Command: LOOP label


Purpose: Loop

mov cx,0Ah
loop_start: add ax,cx
loop loop_start

The LOOP command is completely equivalent to the couple of


commands
dec ecx
jz label
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II
Command: LOOPE label
Purpose: Cycle, while there is equal

Command: LOOPZ label


Purpose: Cycle, while there is zero

Command: LOOPNE label


Purpose: Cycle, while there is not equal

Command: LOOPNZ label


Purpose: Cycle, while there is not zero

mov cx,str_length
move_loop: stosb
lodsb
cmp al,13
loopnz move_loop
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Command: CALL operand


Purpose: Procedure call

Command: RET number


RETN number
RETF number
Purpose: Return from procedure

Command: INT number


Purpose: Interruption call

Command: IRET
IRETD
Purpose: Return from the interruption handler
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Command: INT3
Purpose: Call of interruption 3

Command: INTO
Purpose: Call interruption 4 at overflow

Command: BOUND index, boundaries


Purpose: Checking exit from massive boundaries

Command: ENTER size, level


Purpose: Entrance to procedure
Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Figure 10. Stack frame of procedure of the 0th level (MAIN)


Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Figure 11. Stack frame of procedure of the 1st level (PROCA)


Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Figure 12. Stack frame of procedure of the 2nd level (PROCB)


Lecture 4. Main unprivileged
commands - II

Command: LEAVE
Purpose: Exit from procedure

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