This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A131/A131M − 19

Standard Specification for

Structural Steel for Ships1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A131/A131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

1.1 This specification covers structural steel plates, shapes, Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and bars intended primarily for use in ship construction. 2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Material under this specification is available in the 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
following categories: A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled
1.2.1 Ordinary Strength—Grades A, B, D, and E with a Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
specified minimum yield point of 34 ksi [235 MPa], and A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2.2 Higher Strength—Grades AH, DH, EH, and FH with a of Steel Products
specified minimum yield point of 46 ksi [315 MPa], 51 ksi E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
[350 MPa], or 57 ksi [390 MPa].
1.3 Shapes and bars are normally available as Grades A, B, 3. Terminology
AH32, and AH36. Other grades may be furnished by agree- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ment between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 3.1.1 control rolling (controlled rolling), n—a hot deforma-
1.4 The maximum thickness of products furnished under tion process intended to provide austenite (and hence ferrite)
this specification is 4 in. [100 mm] for plates and 2 in. [50 mm] grain refinement by careful control of the pass-by-pass
for shapes and bars. temperature/reduction schedule at high temperature regime
where austenite recrystallizes after each rolling pass or at lower
1.5 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a temperatures where the deformed austenite does not recrystal-
welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended lize between rolling passes, or both. In some cases, rolling may
use or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specifica- extend below the temperature (Ar3) at which the transforma-
tion A6/A6M for information on weldability. tion from austenite to ferrite begins, so the final rolling passes
1.6 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch- may involve deformation in the two-phase (austenite + ferrite)
pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order region.
or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation 3.1.2 thermo-mechanical controlled processing, n—a steel
(SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in treatment that consists of strict control of the steel temperature
either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately and the rolling reduction. A high proportion of the rolling
as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. reduction is to be carried out close to or below the Ar3
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; transformation temperature and may involve rolling towards
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. the lower end of the temperature range of the intercritical
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon- dual-phase region, thus permitting little if any recrystallization
formance with the standard. of the austenite. The process may involve accelerated cooling
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- on completion of rolling.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4. Ordering Information
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.1 Specification A6/A6M establishes the rules for the
ordering information that should be complied with when
purchasing material to this specification.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A131/A131M – 14. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0131_A0131M-19. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A131/A131M − 19
4.2 Additional ordering considerations specific to this speci- 6.2 For thermo-mechanical control process steel, the carbon
fication are: equivalent shall be determined from the heat analysis and shall
4.2.1 Condition (control rolled or thermo-mechanical con- conform to the requirements given in Table 5.
trol processed, if applicable).
7. Metallurgical Requirements
5. Materials and Manufacture 7.1 The steel grades indicated in 5.2 shall be made to fine
5.1 The steel shall be killed. grain practice, and the requirements for fine austenitic grain
5.2 Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36, DH40, size in Specification A6/A6M shall be met.
EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be made 7.2 Where the use of fine grain practice using columbium
using a fine grain practice. For ordinary-strength grades, (niobium), vanadium, or combinations is permitted in 5.2, one
aluminum shall be used to obtain grain refinement. For or more of the following shall be met:
higher-strength grades, aluminum, vanadium, or columbium 7.2.1 Minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.020 %
(niobium) may be used for grain refinement. or minimum vanadium content of 0.050 % for each heat, or
5.3 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade E shall be 7.2.2 When vanadium and aluminum are used in
normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Plates combination, minimum vanadium content of 0.030 % and
over 13⁄8 in. [35 mm] in thickness ordered to Grade D shall be minimum acid-soluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or mini-
normalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control pro- mum total aluminum content of 0.015 %.
cessed. See Table 1. 7.2.3 When columbium (niobium) and aluminum are used
in combination, minimum columbium (niobium) content of
5.4 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grades EH32 and 0.010 % and minimum acid-soluble aluminum content of
EH36 shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical control 0.010 %, or minimum total aluminum content of 0.015 %.
processed. Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade EH40, 7.2.4 A McQuaid-Ehn austenitic grain size of 5 or finer in
FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be normalized, thermo- accordance with Test Methods E112 for each ladle of each
mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered. heat.
Plates ordered to Grades AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36,
and DH40 shall be normalized, control rolled, thermo- 8. Mechanical Properties
mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered when
8.1 Tension Test:
so specified. See Table 2.
8.1.1 Except as specified in the following paragraphs, the
5.5 In the case of shapes, the thicknesses referred to are material as represented by the test specimens shall conform to
those of the flange. Heat treatment and rolling requirements for the tensile requirements prescribed in Table 6.
shapes and bars are given in Table 1 and Table 2. 8.1.1.1 Shapes less than 1 in.2 [645 mm2] in cross section,
and bars, other than flats, less than 1⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] in
6. Chemical Composition thickness or diameter need not be subjected to tension tests by
6.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for the manufacturer, but chemistry consistent with the required
chemical composition given in Table 3 and Table 4. tensile properties must be applied.
6.1.1 When specified, the steel shall conform on product 8.1.1.2 The elongation requirement of Table 6 does not
analysis to the requirements given in Table 3 and Table 4, apply to floor plates with a raised pattern. However, for floor
subject to the product analysis tolerances in Specification plates over 1⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] in thickness, test specimens shall
A6/A6M. be bent cold with the raised pattern on the inside of the

TABLE 1 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Ordinary-Strength Structural Steel
Condition of SupplyB (Frequency of Impact TestC )
A Thickness (t ), in. [mm]
Grade Deoxidation Product
t > 1.0 [25] t > 1.375 [35] t > 2.0 [50]
t # 1.0 [25]
t # 1.375 [35] t # 2.0 [50] t # 4.0 [100]

P N (–),E TM (–), CR (50 [45]),

A Killed A (–) AR (50 [45])
S NAD
N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]),
P
B Killed A (–) A (50 [45]) CR (25 [23]), AR (25 [23])
S NAD
N (50 [45]), N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]),
P
D Killed, Fine Grain Practice A (50 [45]), N (50 [45]) TM (50 [45]), CR (25 [23])
S CR (50 [45]) NAD
P N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)
E Killed, Fine Grain Practice
S N (25 [23]), TM (25 [23]), CR (15 [14]) NAD
A
Product: P = plate; S = shapes and bars.
B
Condition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; N = normalized; CR = control rolled; TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processing.
C
Frequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons [Mg] from each heat); (–) = no impact test required; (P) = each plate-as-rolled.
D
Condition of supply is not applicable.
E
Impact tests for Grade A are not required if material is produced using a fine grain practice and normalized.

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 A131/A131M − 19
TABLE 2 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Higher-Strength Structural Steel
Condition of SupplyB (Frequency of Impact TestC )
Thickness (t ), in. [mm]
Grain
Grade Deoxidation Refining Product A t > 0.5
t > 1.0 [25]
Element [12.5] t > 0.80 [20] t > 1.375 [35] t > 2.0 [50]
t # 0.5 [12.5] t # 1.375
t # 0.80 t # 1.0 [25] t # 2.0 [50] t # 4.0 [100]
[35]
[20]
N (50 [45]), TM (50
Cb (Nb)E P A (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45])
[45]), CR (25 [23])
V S A (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45]), AR (25 [23]) NAD
AR (25 [23]), N N (50 [45]), TM (50
(50 [45]) , TM [45]), N (50 [45],) TM (50
AH32 Al P A (50 [45])
(50 [45]), CR (50 CR (50 [45]) [45]), CR (25 [23])
AH36
[45])
AR (25 [23]), N N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 NAD
(50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), AR (25 [23])
Al + Ti S A (50 [45])
[45]), CR (50
[45])
N (50 [45]), TM (50
Cb (Nb)E P A (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45])
[45]), CR (25 [23])
V S A (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45]) NAD
AR (25 [23]), N
(50 [45]), TM (50 N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), N (50 [45]), TM (50
DH32 Al P A (50 [45])
[45]), CR (50 CR (50 [45]) [45]), CR (25 [23])
DH36
[45])
Killed, Fine
AR (25 [23]), N NAD
Grain
(50 [45]), TM (50 N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]),
Practice Al + Ti S A (50 [45])
[45]), CR (50 CR (50 [45])
[45])
EH32 P N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)
Any
EH36 S N (25 [23]), TM (25 [23]), CR (15 [14]) NAD
FH32 P N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P), TM (P)
Any
FH36 S N (25 [23]), TM (25 [23]), QT (25 [23]) NAD
N (50 [45]), TM (50
P A (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45])
AH40 Any [45]), QT (P)
S A (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45]) NAD
P N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45]) N (50 [45]), TM (50
DH40 Any [45]), QT (P)
S N (50 [45]), TM (50 [45]), CR (50 [45]) NAD
P N (P), TM (P), CR (P) N (P), TM (P),
EH40 Any QT (P)
S N (25 [23]), TM (25 [23]), CR (25 [23]) NAD
P N (P), TM (P),
N (P), TM (P), QT (P)
FH40 Any QT (P)
S N (25 [23]), TM (25), CR (25 [23]) NAD
A
Product: P = plate; S = shapes and bars.
B
Condition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processing; CR = control rolled; QT = quenched and tempered; N =
normalized.
C
Frequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons [Mg] from each heat); (P) = each plate-as-rolled.
D
Condition of supply is not applicable.
E
Columbium and niobium are considered interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in A01 standards.

specimen through an angle of 180° without cracking when 8.2 Toughness Tests:
subjected to a bend test in which the inside diameter is three 8.2.1 Charpy V-notch tests shall be made on Grade A
times plate thickness. Sampling for bend testing shall be as material over 2 in. [50 mm] in thickness, on Grade B material
specified for the tension tests in 8.1.2. over 1 in. [25 mm] in thickness and on material over 1⁄4 in. [6.4
8.1.2 One tension test shall be made from each of two mm] in thickness of Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32,
different plates, shapes, or bars from each heat of structural DH36, DH40, EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40, as
steel unless the finished product from a heat is less than 50 tons required by Table 1 and Table 2. The frequency of Charpy
[45 Mg], in which case one tension test is sufficient. If, V-notch impact tests shall be as given in Table 1 and Table 2.
however, product from one heat differs 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] or more The test results shall conform to the requirements given in
in thickness or diameter, one tension test shall be made from Table 7.
both the thickest and the thinnest structural product rolled,
8.2.2 For Grades EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and
regardless of the weight [mass] represented.
FH40 plate material, one set of three impact specimens shall be
8.1.3 For quenched and tempered steel, including Grades
made from each plate-as-rolled.
EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40, one tension test shall be made
on each plate as quenched and tempered. 8.2.3 For Grade A, B, D, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32,
DH36, and DH40 plate material, and for all shape material, and
all bar material, one set of three impact specimens shall be
made from the thickest material in each test lot size of each

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 A131/A131M − 19
TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements for Ordinary-Strength Structural Steel
Chemical Composition (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specifiedA
Grade A Grade B Grade D Grade E
Deoxidation and Thickness (t ), in. [mm]
Element Killed or Semi-Killed Killed or Semi-Killed
t # 2.0 in. [50 mm] t # 2.0 in. [50 mm] Killed, Fine Killed, Fine
Killed Killed Grain PracticeB Grain PracticeB
t > 2.0 in. [50 mm] t > 2.0 in. [50 mm]
C 0.21C 0.21 0.21 0.18
Mn, min 2.5 × C 0.60 0.60 0.70
Si 0.50 0.35 0.10–0.35D 0.10–0.35D
P 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035
S 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035
E E E E
Ni
E E E E
Cr
E E E E
Mo
E E E E
Cu
C + Mn/6 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
A
Intentionally added elements are to be determined and reported.
B
Grade D steel over 1.0 in. [25 mm] and Grade E steel are to contain at least one of the grain refining elements in sufficient amount to meet the fine grain practice
requirements (see Section 7).
C
A maximum carbon content of 0.23 % is acceptable for Grade A shapes and bars.
D
Where the content of acid soluble aluminum is not less than 0.015 %, the minimum required silicon content does not apply.
E
The contents of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and copper are to be determined and reported. When the amount does not exceed 0.02 %, these elements may be
reported as #0.02 %.

TABLE 4 Chemical Requirements for Higher-Strength Structural Steel

NOTE 1—Where “…” appears in the table, there is no requirement.

Chemical CompositionA (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specified
Grades AH/DH/EH32, AH/DH/EH36,
Grades FH32/36/40
Element and AH/DH/EH40
Deoxidation
Killed, Fine Grain PracticeB Killed, Fine Grain PracticeB
C 0.18 0.16
Mn 0.90–1.60C 0.90–1.60
Si 0.10–0.50D 0.10–0.50D
P 0.035 0.025
S 0.035 0.025
Al (acid soluble), minE,G 0.015 0.015
Cb (Nb)F, G 0.02–0.05 0.02–0.05
VG 0.05–0.10 0.05–0.10
Ti 0.02 0.02
Cu 0.35 0.35
Cr 0.20 0.20
Ni 0.40 0.80
Mo 0.08 0.08
CaI 0.005 0.005
N ... 0.009H
A
The contents of any other element intentionally added is to be determined and reported.
B
The steel is to contain at least one of the grain refining elements in sufficient amount to meet the fine grain practice requirement (see Section 7).
C
Grade AH 0.5 in. [12.5 mm] and under in thickness may have a minimum manganese content of 0.70 %.
D
If the content of soluble aluminum is not less than 0.015 %, the minimum required silicon content does not apply.
E
The total aluminum content may be used instead of acid soluble content, in accordance with 7.1.
F
Columbium and niobium are considered interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in A01 standards.
G
The indicated amount of aluminum, columbium (niobium),F and vanadium applies if any such element is used singly. If used in combination, the minimum content in 7.2.2
and 7.2.3, as appropriate, will apply.
H
0.012 if aluminum is present.
I
This element need not be reported on the mill sheet unless intentionally added.

heat, as required by Table 1 and Table 2. If heat testing is or more, one set of impacts shall be made from both the
required, a set of three specimens shall be tested for each test thickest and the thinnest material rolled regardless of the
lot size indicated in Table 1 and Table 2, of the same type of weight represented.
product produced on the same mill from each heat of steel. The 8.2.4 The specimens for plates shall be taken from a corner
set of impact specimens shall be taken from different as-rolled of the material and the specimens from shapes shall be taken
or heat-treated pieces of the heaviest gage produced. An from the end of a shape at a point one third the distance from
as-rolled piece refers to the product rolled from a slab, billet, the outer edge of the flange or leg to the web or heel of the
bloom, or directly from an ingot. Where the maximum thick- shape. Specimens for bars shall be in accordance with Speci-
ness or diameter of various sections differs by 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] fication A6/A6M.

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 A131/A131M − 19
TABLE 5 Carbon Equivalent for Higher-Strength Structural Steel 8.2.8.4 If the impact test result fails to meet the requirement
Produced by TMCP for the thickest product tested when heat testing, that material
Carbon Equivalent,A max, % shall be rejected and the next thickest material may be tested to
Grade
Thickness (t ), in. [mm] qualify the balance of the heat in accordance with 8.2.8. At the
t # 2.0 in. [50 mm]
t > 2.0 in. [50 mm] option of the producer, retests may be made on each piece of
t # 4.0 in. [100 mm]
the rejected material, in which case each piece shall stand on
AH32, DH32, EH32, FH32 0.36 0.38
AH36, DH36, EH36, FH36 0.38 0.40
the results of its own test. It shall also be the option of the
AH40, DH40, EH40, FH40 0.40 0.42 producer to heat treat the product prior to retesting if desired.
A
The following carbon equivalent formula shall be used to calculate the carbon
equivalent, Ceq: 9. General Requirements for Delivery
Mn Cr1Mo1V Ni1Cu
C eq 5 C1 1 1 s%d 9.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
6 5 15
form to the requirements of the current edition of Specification
A6/A6M, for the specific structural product ordered, unless a
8.2.5 The largest size specimens possible for the material conflict exists in which case this specification shall prevail.
thickness are to be machined. The longitudinal axis of each
specimen shall be located midway between the surface and the 10. Plate Conditioning
center of the structural product thickness, and the length of the 10.1 After removal of any imperfection preparatory to
notch shall be perpendicular to the rolled surface of the welding the thickness of the plate at any location must not be
structural product. reduced by more than 20 % of the nominal thickness of the
8.2.6 Unless a specific orientation is called for on the plate.
purchase order, the longitudinal axis of the specimens may be
parallel or transverse to the final direction of rolling of the 11. Test Reports
structural product at the option of the steel manufacturer.
11.1 The test report shall show the results of each test
8.2.7 The impact test shall be made in accordance with the
required by Sections 7 and 8, except that the results of only one
Charpy Impact Testing section in Test Methods and Definitions
set of tests need be reported when the amount of material from
A370.
a heat in a shipment is less than 10 tons [9 Mg] and when the
8.2.8 Each impact test shall constitute the average value of
thickness variations described in Section 8 are not exceeded.
three specimens taken from a single test location. The average
value shall meet the specified minimum average with not more 11.2 The thickness of the product tested may not necessarily
than one value below the specified minimum average but in no be the same as an individual ordered thickness since it is the
case below 70 % of the specified minimum average. heat that is tested rather than each ordered item.
8.2.8.1 If the results fail to meet the preceding requirements
but 8.2.8.1 (2) and (3) are complied with, three additional 12. Marking
specimens may be taken from the location as close to the initial 12.1 Plates produced to a normalized heat treatment condi-
specimens as possible and their test results added to those tion shall be marked with the suffix N to indicate that the plates
previously obtained to form a new average. The structural have been normalized.
product represented may be accepted if for the six specimens
8.2.8.1 (1), (2), and (3) are met. 12.2 Plates produced to a control rolled condition shall be
(1) The average is not less than the required minimum marked with the suffix CR to indicate that the plates have been
average. control rolled.
(2) No more than two individual values are below the 12.3 Plates produced to a thermo-mechanical control pro-
required minimum average. cessed condition shall be marked with the suffix TM to indicate
(3) No more than one individual value is below 70 % of the that the plates have been thermo-mechanical control processed.
required minimum average.
8.2.8.2 If the required energy values are not obtained upon 12.4 Plates produced to a quenched and tempered heat
retest, the material may be heat treated at the option of the treatment condition shall be marked with the suffix QT to
producer in the case of as-rolled material or reheat treated in indicate that the plates have been quenched and tempered.
the case of heat-treated material.
8.2.8.3 After heat treatment or reheat treatment, a set of 13. Keywords
three specimens shall be tested and evaluated in the same 13.1 bars; higher strength; ordinary strength; plates; rivets;
manner as for the original material. shapes; ship construction; steel; structural steel

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 A131/A131M − 19
TABLE 6 Tensile Requirements for Ordinary-Strength and Higher-Strength Structural Steel
Elongation in 2 in.
Tensile Strength, Yield Point, min, Thickness in. [mm] Thickness in. [mm] Elongation in 8 in.
Grade [50 mm],A,B
ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa] Exceeding Not Exceeding [200 mm],A min, % min, %

Ordinary Strength:
0.20 [5] 14 22
0.20 [5] 0.40 [10] 16 22
0.40 [10] 0.60 [15] 17 22
0.60 [15] 0.80 [20] 18 22
A, B, D, E 58 to 75 [400 to 520]C 34 [235]
0.80 [20] 1.0 [25] 19 22
1.0 [25] 1.2 [30] 20 22
1.2 [30] 1.6 [40] 21 22
1.6 [40] 2.0 [50] 22 22

Higher Strength:
0.20 [5] 14 20
0.20 [5] 0.40 [10] 16 20
0.40 [10] 0.60 [15] 17 20
AH32, DH32, EH32, 0.60 [15] 0.80 [20] 18 20
64 to 85 [440 to 590] 46 [315]
FH32 0.80 [20] 1.0 [25] 19 20
1.0 [25] 1.2 [30] 20 20
1.2 [30] 1.6 [40] 21 20
1.6 [40] 2.0 [50] 22 20

0.20 [5] 13 20
0.20 [5] 0.40 [10] 15 20
0.40 [10] 0.60 [15] 16 20
AH36, DH36, EH36, 0.60 [15] 0.80 [20] 17 20
71 to 90 [490 to 620] 51 [355]
FH36 0.80 [20] 1.0 [25] 18 20
1.0 [25] 1.2 [30] 19 20
1.2 [30] 1.6 [40] 20 20
1.6 [40] 2.0 [50] 21 20

0.20 [5] 12 20
0.20 [5] 0.40 [10] 14 20
0.40 [10] 0.60 [15] 15 20
AH40, DH40, EH40, 0.60 [15] 0.80 [20] 16 20
74 to 94 [510 to 650] 57 [390]
FH40 0.80 [20] 1.0 [25] 17 20
1.0 [25] 1.2 [30] 18 20
1.2 [30] 1.6 [40] 19 20
1.6 [40] 2.0 [50] 20 20
A
Elongation is not required for floor plate.
B
For nominal thickness up to 4.0 in. [100 mm] plates and wide flats, the specified percentage of elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] shall be applied. For nominal thickness or
diameter over 3.5 in. [90 mm] sections and bars, a deduction from the specified percentage of elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] shall be made. See elongation requirement
adjustments under Tension Test section of Specification A6/A6M for deduction values.
C
For Grade A shapes and bars, the upper limit of tensile strength may be 80 ksi [550 MPa].

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 A131/A131M − 19
TABLE 7 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements for Ordinary-Strength and Higher-Strength Structural Steel
Average Absorbed Energy,C min, ft·lbf [J]
Thickness (t ), in. [mm]
A,B Test Temperature, t > 2.0 in. [50 mm] t > 2.8 in. [70 mm]
Grade t # 2.0 in. [50 mm]
°F [°C] t # 2.8 in. [70 mm] t # 4.0 in. [100 mm]
Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimen OrientationD
Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
AE 68 [20] ... ... 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27]
B 32 [0] 20 [27] 14 [20] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27]
AH32 32 [0] 23 [31] 16 [22] 28 [38] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31]
AH36 32 [0] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27] 37 [50] 25 [34]
AH40 32 [0] 29 [39] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31] 41 [55] 27 [37]
D –4 [–20] 20 [27] 14 [20] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27]
DH32 –4 [–20] 23 [31] 16 [22] 28 [38] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31]
DH36 –4 [–20] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27] 37 [50] 25 [34]
DH40 –4 [–20] 29 [39] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31] 41 [55] 27 [37]
E –40 [–40] 20 [27] 14 [20] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27]
EH32 –40 [–40] 23 [31] 16 [22] 28 [38] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31]
EH36 –40 [–40] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27] 37 [50] 25 [34]
EH40 –40 [–40] 29 [39] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31] 41 [55] 27 [37]
FH32 –76 [–60] 23 [31] 16 [22] 28 [38] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31]
FH36 –76 [–60] 25 [34] 17 [24] 30 [41] 20 [27] 37 [50] 25 [34]
FH40 –76 [–60] 29 [39] 19 [26] 34 [46] 23 [31] 41 [55] 27 [37]
A
Charpy V-notch impact test requirements for ordinary-strength structural steel grades apply where such test is required by Table 1.
B
Charpy V-notch impact test requirements for higher-strength structural steel grades apply where such test is required by Table 2.
C
The energy shown is minimum for full-sized (0.394 by 0.394-in. [10 × 10-mm]) specimen. For sub-sized specimens, the energy shall be as follows:
Specimen Size, in. [mm] 0.394 × 0.295 [10 × 7.5] 0.394 × 0.197 [10 × 5.0] 0.394 × 0.098 [10 × 2.5]
Required Energy 5E/6 2E/3 E/2
E—energy required for full-sized specimen
D
Either direction is acceptable.
E
Impact tests for Grade A are not required when the material is produced using fine grain practice and normalized.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the order:

S32. Single Heat Bundles S87. Heat-Treatment of Grade DH

S32.1 Bundles containing shapes or bars shall be from a S87.1 Grade DH aluminum-treated steel over 3⁄4 in. [19
single heat of steel. mm] in thickness shall be normalized.
S85. Product Chemical Analysis
S85.1 The chemical composition shall be determined for S88. Additional Tension Tests
plates, shapes, or bars in accordance with 6.1.1. The number of S88.1 At least one tension test shall be made from each 50
pieces to be tested shall be stated on the order. tons [45 Mg] or fraction thereof from each heat. If the material
S86. Orientation of Impact Specimens differs by 0.375 in. [10 mm] or more in nominal thickness or
diameter, one tension test shall be made from both the thickest
S86.1 The orientation of the impact test specimens shall be
and thinnest material in each 50 tons.
as specifically stated on the order. (The purchaser shall state
whether the tests are to be longitudinal or transverse.)

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 A131/A131M − 19
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A131/A131M – 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2019.)

(1) Revised 1.1, 7.2, and 11.1. in cell with maximum thickness to 2.0 in. [50 mm], to correct
(2) Revised Table 1 to delete minimum thickness of >0.25 in. typographic error of undefined QQT supply condition for FH40
[6.4 mm]. Plate products, and to add Footnote E regarding interchange-
(3) Revised Table 2 to delete minimum thickness of >0.25 in. ability of columbium and niobium.
[6.4 mm], added limit at 0.80 in [20 mm] for AH32/AH36 Plate (4) Revised the title of Sections 6, 7, and 8.
products for A supply condition, to modify maximum limit for (5) Revised Table 4 to provide note related to meaning of
AH32/AH36 Plate products for supply conditions AR, N, TM, ellipses in table, to note interchangeability of columbium and
CR from 1.0 in. [25 mm] to 1.375 in [35 mm], to delete niobium, to revise limit for molybdenum for Grades FH32/36/
AH32/AH36 Sections products cell boundary at 1.0 in. [25 40, to add requirement for calcium and associated footnote, and
mm] since supply conditions for the two adjacent cells were to add footnote regarding interchangeability of columbium and
identical, to delete QT supply condition for FH32/FH36 Plate niobium.
products for thickness exceeding 2.0 in. [50 mm], to delete (6) Revised Table 6 to provide elongation requirements in 8 in.
vertical cell boundary for DH40 P and S products at 0.5 in. [200 mm] as a function of product thickness and to modify
[12.5 mm], to delete EH40 Plate products supply condition QT footnote information.

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