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1 Compact Topological Spaces: Math 490: Worksheet #16

1. The document defines compact topological spaces and open covers. A topological space is compact if every open cover has a finite subcover. 2. Examples are provided of compact and non-compact topological spaces based on the topology. A finite topological space and a space with the indiscrete topology are compact, while an infinite space with the discrete topology is not compact. 3. The document provides 10 exercises exploring properties of compact topological spaces, including that the continuous image and closed subsets of compact spaces are compact, and bounded subsets of metric spaces are compact.

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65 views

1 Compact Topological Spaces: Math 490: Worksheet #16

1. The document defines compact topological spaces and open covers. A topological space is compact if every open cover has a finite subcover. 2. Examples are provided of compact and non-compact topological spaces based on the topology. A finite topological space and a space with the indiscrete topology are compact, while an infinite space with the discrete topology is not compact. 3. The document provides 10 exercises exploring properties of compact topological spaces, including that the continuous image and closed subsets of compact spaces are compact, and bounded subsets of metric spaces are compact.

Uploaded by

Supriya Dutta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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21 November 2019 Math 490: Worksheet #16 Jenny Wilson

1 Compact topological spaces


Recall the definition of an open cover:

Definition 1.1. (Open covers; open subcovers.) Let (X, T ) be S a topological space. A col-
lection {Ui }i∈I of open subsets of X is an open cover of X if X = i∈I Ui . In other words, every
point in X lies in some set Ui .
S
A sub-collection {Ui }i∈I0 (where I0 ⊆ I) is an open subcover (or simply subcover ) if X = i∈I0 Ui .,
In other words, every point in X lies in some set Ui in the subcover.

Definition 1.2. (Compact spaces; compact subspaces.) We say that a topological space
(X, T ) is compact if every open cover of X has a finite subcover. A subset A ⊆ X is called com-
pact if it is compact with respect to the subspace topology.

Example 1.3. Let (X, T ) be a finite topological space. Then X is compact.

Example 1.4. Let X be a topological space with the indiscrete topology. Then X is compact.

Example 1.5. Let X be an infinite topological space with the discrete topology. Then X is not
compact.

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21 November 2019 Math 490: Worksheet #16 Jenny Wilson

In-class Exercises
1. (a) Let X be a set with the cofinite topology. Prove that X is compact.
(b) Let X = (0, 1) with the topology induced by the Euclidean metric. Show that X is not
compact.
2. Suppose that (X, TX ) and (Y, TY ) are topological spaces, and f : X → Y is a continuous
map. Show that, if X is compact, then f (X) is a compact subspace of Y . In other words, the
continuous image of a compact set is compact.
3. Prove that a closed subset of a compact space is compact.
4. (a) Let X be a topological space with topology induced by a metric d. Prove that any compact
subset A of X is bounded.
(b) Suppose that (X, T ) is a Hausdorff topological space. Prove that any compact subset A
of X is closed in X.
(c) Consider Q with the Euclidean metric. Show that the subset (−π, π) ∩ Q of Q is closed
and bounded, but not compact.
5. (Optional). Determine which of the following topologies on R are compact.

• Any topology T consisting of only finitely • T = {(a, ∞) | a ∈ R} ∪ {∅} ∪ {R}


many sets. • T = {A | A ⊆ R, 0 ∈ A} ∪ {∅}
• the discrete topology • T = {A | A ⊆ R, 0 ∈
/ A} ∪ {R}

6. (Optional). Consider R with the topology T = {A | A ⊆ R, 0 ∈/ A} ∪ {R}. Give necessary


and sufficient conditions for a subset C ⊆ R to be compact.
7. (Optional). Let X be a nonempty set, and let x0 be a distinguished element of X. Let
T = {A ⊆ X | x0 ∈
/ A or X \ A is finite }.
(a) Show that T defines a topology on X.
(b) Verify that (X, T ) is Hausdorff.
(c) Verify that (X, T ) is compact.
This exercise shows that any nonempty set X admits a topology making it a compact Hausdorff
topological space.
8. (Optional).
T Let K1 ⊇ K2 ⊇ · · · be a descending chain of nonempty, closed, compact sets.
Then n∈N Kn 6= ∅.
9. (Optional). Let X be a topological space, and let A, B ⊆ X be compact subsets.
(a) Suppose that X is Hausdorff. Show that A ∩ B is compact.
(b) Show by example that, if X is not Hausdorff, A ∩ B need not be compact.
Hint: Consider R with the topology {U | U ⊆ R, 0, 1 ∈
/ U } ∪ {R}.
10. (Optional). Suppose that (X, TX ) and (Y, TY ) are topological spaces, and f : X → Y is a
closed map (this means that f (C) is closed for every closed subset C ⊆ X). Suppose that Y is
compact, and moreover that f −1 (y) is compact for every y ∈ Y . Prove that X is compact.

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