Unit 1.

Journaling and diary

Vocabulary Box
Bevy – A group of quail
Entrance – an opening used for entering or finding one’s way into a certain place or
building.
Exit – it is the way out.
Gaggle – a group of geese.
Leaps – a group of leopards.
Pride – a group of lions.
Tour – a journey through a particular place of interest.

MY TOOLBOX FOR LEARNING

Mini Lesson

Have you ever had an adventure? Have you ever told someone else about your adventure?
How did you tell it? How did you start? How did you end? We usually tell stories in an
order of events, or in the order that the story occurred.
When we tell a story in chronological order, we start with what happened first. Below are
some key words to use when telling a story in chronological order:
First, next, second, then, after, following that, lastly, finally
Read the following story, paying attention to the order of the events in the story.

My Adventure on Shamba Mountain

I will never forget Friday the thirteenth of April 2019, it was the day that I had the most
terrifying experience of my life.
My friend Jacob and I decided to set for the most feared Shamba mountain in Filabusi.
There are many myths about this mountain, but one thing for sure is we had seen it on
numerous occasions burning up early in the morning just before sunrise yet it remains

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so green in the afternoon. This puzzled us
When we tell a story, we want to
giving us the urge to find out the cause of
include the following information:
such an experience.
Going up the mountain was not a hustle When did the story take place?
at all. We did not even take an hour to get
Where did the story take place?
up the mountain. Surprisingly when we
got up the most feared mountain there was Who is in the story?
nothing surprising or odd up there. It was What happened in the story?
as if we were on any other mountain that What did the characters see?
we had been to when herding our cattle. We What did the characters do?
were so disappointed and decided to return
How did the characters feel about it?
to the paddock.
How did it end?

I remember vividly that we left the mountain top just before noon. Funny enough our way
down was way different from our way up. We heard funny animal sounds that frightened
us as some sounded so close to us. We saw funny shadows that we failed to describe to
anyone even now. We ran for our dear lives using the same track we had used going up,
however we never reached the bottom of the mountain.
In no time, dark clouds started to form and it rained cats and dogs. We failed to walk as
we could not see our way down the mountain. We decided to squat next to this big tree
as we both shivered like reeds in the Zambezi River. We do not know how but we both
fell asleep only to be woken up the next day by a search team from our village who had
come to rescue us.
This was the most terrifying adventure of my life.

An adventure is a detailed account of events that took place when one

went on a visit, an exploration, or a journey.

Events of an adventure have to be in chronological order from the beginning to the end.
This will assist us when writing compositions of any kind as events have to be in order.
Adventures assist us to be creative in composition writing.

1. Have you ever had an adventure before?

2. Have you ever recorded any of your adventures, incidences or experiences?
3. Why is it important to record such events in a chronological (order of occurrence) for
future use or reference?

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 An Adventure
Characteristics of an Essay or Write up

Every write up needs to have a title

Title for example. ‘An Adventure to …’
This gives the reader an idea of what the story will be about.

This is the most important part of any write up, it should always
capture the attention of the reader and leave the reader with questions
such as:
Introduction
How? when? where? who? why?
For events to be in chronological order it is best to express your
feelings in the introduction. This also assists to capture the interest
of the reader.

The body of your write up must include details of events from the
beginning to the end in their order of occurrence. The body answers
questions created in the introduction.
Events have to be in the past tense. They should never be in the
Body present tense. Correct use of grammar is important as one should
include similes, proverbs, comparatives and all language structures
for marks. Correct paragraphing and use of correct punctuation is
important.

The conclusion usually has feelings or opinions of the events in the

Conclusion body. It ends the story or adventure It is usually short.

Exercise 1.1
1. What is the title of the story?
2. Can you identify the body and conclusion?
3. Write your own adventures for an example;
My Adventure on………………. ( include the introduction, body and conclusion)

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Nouns

1. Tendo went to buy some flour

A noun is a word which refers to a
from the shop.
person, place or thing. It is a naming
2. My sister lives in South Africa. word

1. Tendo is a noun.
2. On number 2, … and ….. are also nouns.

Exercise 1.2

Underline all of the nouns in the paragraph below:

In June, Simon asked his mother if she could buy him a dog. Simon had always wanted
a dog named Charlie and now that he was fourteen years old, he thought that he was old
enough to have his own pet. Simon’s mother told him that if he babysat his little brother
Jack the whole summer and showed responsibility; then she would let him get a dog when
the next school year started. Everyday since then, Simon woke up early every morning and
went on his paper route. He then came home and babysat Jack until his mother returned
home from work in the evening. After the summer ended, Simon’s mother was impressed
with his dedication and decided to get him a dog. Simon wanted to adopt a dog from the
shelter, so they went together to look for a good dog. After looking at a few dogs, Simon
decided to adopt a small Jack Russell Terrier. Simon finally fulfilled his wish of having a
dog named Charlie.

Common nouns are general people, places,

or things. Common nouns always begin father, man, pen,
Common Nouns
with a lowercase letter, unless it is the first surgery, teacher, book
word of the sentence.

Proper nouns are specific people, places, David, Limpopo,

Proper Nouns or things. Proper nouns always begin with Lupane, Zimbabwe,
a capital letter. Africa

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Exercise 1.3

Circle C (Common) or P (Proper) depending on whether the underlined noun is a common

or proper noun.
1. Jack borrowed his bike. C P
2. He lives in the forest. C P
3. He adopted a cat from the shelter. C P
4. Lily was leaning over the counter. C P
5. He wants to go to Paris. C P
6. The jar crashed on to the ground. C P
7. Ted bought an apple. C P
8. He lives near the lake. C P
9. She put her things in a basket. C P
10. Her birthday is in February. C P

Pronouns

Pronouns can be used to avoid repeating A pronoun is a word used in place

the same noun over and over again. of a noun
They can function by themselves as a
noun.

For example:
1. She was very friendly.
2. The book is his.
3. They are not around today.

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Below are three types of pronouns.

Type Description Singular Plural

I, me
we, us
Personal Used to represent you
you
pronouns people or things
he/him, she/her,
they, them
it

These pronouns mine ours

Possessive express
yours yours
pronouns possession of
something his/hers, its theirs

Refers to people
who/whom/
whose Refers to animals, plants or
Relative Starts an
things
pronouns adjective clause what/which
Refers to people, animals,
that
plants or things.

Exercise 1.4
Replace the words in bold with the correct personal pronouns.
1. Mark is very clever.
2. My aunt is a hairdresser.
3. I am talking to my friends.
4. Fiona wants a few dresses.
5. My sister and I often fight.
6. Pete’s friend is very nice.
7. Sue threw the ball to Adam.
8. The teacher is looking at Mike and me.
9. The Greens are moving.
10. The elephant splashed water onto Jake and Bill.

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Below are examples of the three different kinds of pronouns shared above:

Personal pronouns: Possessive pronouns: Relative pronouns:

I am going to the shops. Our school is painted in She gave me a book which I
white. had not read.
This is his car. Whose dog is barking very
He saw them playing loudly?
outside.
That is the tree that fell due to
You are very quiet today. Is this book yours or not? lightning.

Exercise 1.5
Rephrase these sentences using possessive pronouns.
Example:
a) These are my boots these boots are mine.

1. This is her ballpoint. ..................................................................................

2. Those are our books. ..................................................................................
3. That is their car. ..................................................................................
4. These are your shoes. ..................................................................................
5. This is his school bag. ..................................................................................
6. That is our kite. ..................................................................................
7. That is my dog. ..................................................................................

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Verbs

A verb is the most important word in a

sentence. Without it, we are not able to
make a meaningful sentence.
A verb is an action or a doing word.
For instance:
You will eat this food.
Eat this food.
Eat food.

Eat is the verb which makes the sentence meaningful. Without the verb eat, the sentence
will lose the meaning.

There are four types of tenses:

1.
Type Description Singular Plural

I read We read
Refers to action
Present tense You read You all read
happening now.
He/she reads They read

Exercise 1.6
Fill the following questions using the correct present tense.

1. I ……. to school everyday. (go/went)

2. We…… games every winter. (played/play)
3. Tanya …….. text books to school daily. (brings/brought)
4. Bothwell …… well in Mathematics. (performs/performed)
5. The head ……. all sitting candidates to work very hard every year. (encouraged/
encourages)
6. They….. soccer every Thursday. (watch/ watches)

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2.
Type Description Singular Plural

I helped We helped
Refers to action
Past tense that has already You helped You all helped
happened.
He/she helped They helped

Exercise 1.7

Fill in the following sentences using the correct past tense

1. Mr Ncube…….his bag and went home. ( took/ take)

2. The kite……… over the house. (fly/flew)
3. Yesterday I……my young brother. (fight/fought)
4. I ……my new bicycle along the highway. (ride/rode)
5. Last year she….her final year examination at Grade 7 level. ( write/wrote.)

3.
Type Description Singular Plural

I will sleep We will sleep

Refers to what is yet
Future tense You will sleep You will all sleep.
to happen.
He / she will sleep. They will sleep

Exercise 1.8
Fill in the following questions by choosing the correct future tense.
1. Chido will...….her home work in the evening. (do/does)
2. Schools will……. this year. (opened/open)
3. Who will ……. my class next week? (teach/taught)
4. I wonder who will…… her because of her bad behaviour. (marry/married)
5. John will....(come/came)(yesterday/tomorrow)

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 I would help We would help
Refers to what may You would help You all would help
4. Conditional
happen if something
tense He / she would help They would help
else happens

Exercise 1.9
Complete the following conditional sentences.
1. I ….. come if I get the bus fare.(will/would)
2. He…. pass if he studies hard. (will/would)
3. She …. sleep if it is quiet. (will/would)
4. They ….marry if the families agree.(shall/should)
5. We ….. overcome if we work as a team. (can/would)

Auxiliary Verbs

An auxiliary verb accompanies the

main verb in a sentence in order to
change the tense.

For example: An auxiliary verb is a helping verb

I was helped by Pam.

Mother is helping me with
homework.
I can help you.
I will help you.

Be, do, and have can be conjugated to fit the sentence. When these verbs are used as
auxiliary verbs, they will become part of a verb phrase.

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 be do have

am, is, are, was, does, do, did has, have, had,
were, being, been having

Verb phrases:
1. The car has gone.
2. When we arrived at the bus stop, the bus had just gone.
3. She is having health problems.

Exercise 1.10
Auxiliary verbs

Use the above auxiliary verbs to construct 5 sentences of your own.

Find different words from the table below, these can be horizontal, vertical, across but
not backwards. These words refer to professions only.

ELECTRICIAN
AUTHOR
OPTICIAN
MAILMAN
DENTIST
ACTOR
ENGINEER
PORTER
PLUMBER
PILOT
SURGEON
TEACHER
TAILOR
BAKER
NURSE
FLORIST
SAILOR

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 Revision
R1 Represent nine–digit numbers

Type a nine–digit number into your calculator. Do not use zeros. Then, one by
one, change each of the following to zero, the:
‡ KXQGUHGWKRXVDQGV
‡ XQLWV
‡ PLOOLRQV I wonder how many
‡ WHQWKRXVDQGV digits a cellphone
‡ WHQV calculator can
‡ WHQPLOOLRQV
‡ KXQGUHGV
take?
‡ WKRXVDQGV

1. What is the value of the underlined digit? Say how many

Term 1

digits each
Example: 7 63 104 number has.

60 000

a. 340 784 b. 512 973 715 c. 1 517 451

d. 476 123 000 e. 451 783 215 f. 998 999 999

2. Write the following in expanded notation:

Example: 942 576

= 900 000 + 40 000 + 2 000 + 500 + 70 + 6

a. 154 798 105

b. 592 562

c. 4 978 879

d. 77 666

e. 549 327

f. 4 000 009
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3. What is the value of 5 in each of the following numbers?

Example: 532 789

500 000
a. 154 289 b. 5 834 974 c. 45 869

d. 413 978 950 e. 563 008 f. 8 382 705

4. Complete the following:

Example: 297 654 – 50 = 297 604

a. 378 457 ____ = 308 457 b. 421 873 ____ = 401 873 c. 887 114 ____ = 887 100

d. 316 522 ____ = 96 522 e. 124 893 ____ = 100 893 f. 737 896 ____ = 732 096

&RPSOHWHWKHWDEOH$OZD\VDGGDQGVXEWUDFWIURPWKHQXPEHUJLYHQLQWKHÀUVW
column.
Add Subtract Add Subtract Add Subtract Add
10 10 100 100 1 000 1 000 10 000
a. 475 021
b. 835 296
c. 789 123
d. 336 294
e. 428 178
f. 164 228

Problem solving

Find numbers with four or more digits in a newspaper. Write each number in
expanded notation. Write down what the number was measuring or used for.

Sign:

Date:

iii
 Revision
R2a Compare and order whole numbers
What is an
Things to know and to discuss! LQWHUYDO"

What do the following symbols mean?

I wonder if I
> < = can use these
symbols in an
sms?
*LYHDQH[DPSOHRIHDFKXVLQJQXPEHUV

1. Arrange these numbers in ascending order on the number line:

17 235, 17 347, 18 212, 17 922, 17 211, 17 678.
Term 1

17 211 18 212
a. What is the difference between the fourth and sixth number on the number

line?

E :KDWLVKDOIZD\EHWZHHQWKHWKLUGDQGÀIWKLQWHUYDORQWKHQXPEHUOLQH"

c. Write a wholeQXPEHUELJJHUWKDQWKHIRXUWKQXPEHUEXWVPDOOHUWKDQWKHÀIWK

number.

d. Which is the smallest number?

e. Which is the biggest number?

2. Arrange these numbers in ascending order on this number line:

1 782, 2 342, 1 699, 1 571, 2 102, 1 999

a. What is the smallest number?

b. What is the biggest number?

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 c. What is the difference between the two numbers?

G *LYHRQHZKROHQXPEHUVPDOOHUWKDQWKHVPDOOHVWQXPEHU

H *LYHRQHZKROHQXPEHUELJJHUWKDQWKHELJJHVWQXPEHU

f. What is the sum of the second number and the fourth number on this number
line?

3. Arrange these numbers in ascending order on the number line:

34 289, 34 288, 34 287, 34 286, 34 285, 34 284

a. What is the smallest number?

b. What is the biggest number?
c, What is the difference between the biggest and smallest numbers?

G *LYHRQHZKROHQXPEHUVPDOOHUWKDQWKHVPDOOHVWQXPEHU

H *LYHRQHZKROHQXPEHUELJJHUWKDQWKHELJJHVWQXPEHU

f. What is the sum of the third number and the fourth number on this number line?

4. Fill in the missing numbers:

30 000
37 000
45 000 Sign:

52 000
Date:
70 000

continued
v
 Revision
R2b Compare and order whole numbers
continued

5. Which number is halfway?

Example:

471 340 471 345 471 350

a.
21 208 21 224
Term 1

b.
318 970 319 070

c.
12 897 13 897

6. Which number comes next?

Example: 593 485, 593 486, 593 487, 593 488, 593 489

299 999, 299 998, 299 997,

a. 331 344; 331 345; 331 346; 331 347; 331 348;
b. 549 327; 549 326; 549 325; 549 324;
c. 508 609; 508 610; 508 611; 508 612; 508 613;

7. Write in ascending order: What is

ascending
order?
Example: 289 541, 289 540, 289 539, 289 542, 289 538
289 538, 289 539, 289 540, 289 541, 289 542

a. 421 178; 421 182; 421 180; 421 183; 421 179; 421 181

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 b. 543 688; 543 691; 543 689; 543 690; 543 687

c. 903 675; 903 678; 903 676; 930 679; 903 677

8. Write in descending order: What is

descending
order?
Example: 289 541; 289 540; 289 539; 289 542; 289 538
289 542; 289 541; 289 540; 289 539; 289 538

a. 564 743; 564 747; 564 745; 564 744; 564 746

b. 907 569; 907 566; 907 570; 907 568; 907 567

c. 352 701; 352 699; 352 703; 352 700; 352 702

9. Fill in >, < or =:

Example: 375 894 < 375 984

a. 564 746 751 023 b. 191 756 460 207

c. 697 059 699 059 d. 979 509 939 509
e. 563 435 560 640 f. 925 860 925 680
10. Fill in >, < or =:
Example: 300 000 + 5 < 300 500

a. 75 001 + 9 75 100 b. 3 838 3 888 – 50

c. 2 800 – 800 2 008 d. 50 000 + 3 50 300
e. 5 556 5 655 – 100 f. 200 000 + 50 200 050 + 50

Problem solving

Use each of the following digits only once to make the biggest eight–digit number possible, and then the
smallest eight–digit number possible.

9 3
Sign:

1 6
5 2 8 7 Date:

vii