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    Reactors: Mode of Operation 1. Single Phase 2. Multi Phase Phases Based Classification Catalyst Base End Use Application

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    Sayd Kamal
    Reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions. Reactors can be classified based on their mode of operation as batch, continuous, or semi-batch. Batch reactors introduce all reactants at once and operate until the reaction is complete, continuous reactors continuously add and remove reactants and products, and semi-batch reactors combine aspects of batch and continuous operation.

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    Reactors: Mode of Operation 1. Single Phase 2. Multi Phase Phases Based Classification Catalyst Base End Use Application

    Uploaded by

    Sayd Kamal
    303 views12 pages
    Reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions. Reactors can be classified based on their mode of operation as batch, continuous, or semi-batch. Batch reactors introduce all reactants at once and operate until the reaction is complete, continuous reactors continuously add and remove reactants and products, and semi-batch reactors combine aspects of batch and continuous operation.

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    Reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions. Reactors can be classified based on their mode of operation as batch, continuous, or semi-batch. Batch reactors introduce all reactants at once and operate until the reaction is complete, continuous reactors continuously add and remove reactants and products, and semi-batch reactors combine aspects of batch and continuous operation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    303 views12 pages

    Reactors: Mode of Operation 1. Single Phase 2. Multi Phase Phases Based Classification Catalyst Base End Use Application

    Uploaded by

    Sayd Kamal
    Reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions. Reactors can be classified based on their mode of operation as batch, continuous, or semi-batch. Batch reactors introduce all reactants at once and operate until the reaction is complete, continuous reactors continuously add and remove reactants and products, and semi-batch reactors combine aspects of batch and continuous operation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Reactors are vessels designed to contain

    chemical reactions.

    Reactors

    Phases
    Mode of End use based Catalyst
    Operation application Classification Base
    1. Polymerization 1. Single
    1. Batch reactors
    phase 1. Homogenous
    2. Continuous 2. Biological reactors
    2. Multi 2. Heterogeneous
    3. Electrochemical
    3. Semi-batch
    reactors phase 1
    Classification by Mode of Operation

    1. Batch Reactors
    • A “batch” of reactants is introduced into the reactor
    operated at the desired conditions until the target
    conversion is reached.
    • Batch processes are suited to small production
    rates, too long reaction times, to achieve desired
    selectivity, and for flexibility in campaigning different
    products.
    Applications of Batch reactor
    • Soap manufacture
    • Waste water treatment
    • Fermentation process
    21/10/2020 2
    Classification by Mode of Operation
    1. Batch Reactors

    21/10/2020 3
    Classification by Mode of Operation

    2. Continuous Reactors
    • Reactants are added and products removed
    continuously at a constant mass flow rate. Large
    daily production rates are mostly conducted in
    continuous equipment.
    • Continuous Reactors:
    A. CSTR
    B. Plug Flow Reactor
    C. Tubular flow reactor

    21/10/2020 4
    2. Continuous Reactors

    A. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)


    • It is a vessel to which reactants are added and
    products removed while the contents within the
    vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation
    or by internally (or externally) recycling the contents.
    • Continuous stirred-tank reactors are most commonly
    used in industrial processing, primarily in
    homogeneous liquid-phase flow reactions, where
    constant agitation is required.
    21/10/2020 5
    2. Continuous Reactors
    A. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)

    Advantages/Disadvantages of
    CSTR
    • Good temperature control is
    easily maintained
    • Cheap to construct
    • Reactor has large heat capacity
    • Interior of reactor is easily
    accessed
    Disadvantage:
    • Conversion of reactant to product
    per volume of reactor is small
    compared to other flow reactors
    21/10/2020 6
    2. Continuous Reactors

    B. Plug Flow Reactor (continuous tubular reactor)


    Plug flow, or tubular, reactors consist of a hollow
    pipe or tube through which reactants flow.
    Water at a controlled temperature is circulated
    through the tank to maintain constant reactant
    temperature.

    21/10/2020 7
    2. Continuous Reactors

    B. Plug Flow Reactor (continuous tubular reactor)

    Plug flow reactors have a wide


    variety of applications in either gas or
    liquid phase systems.
    Common industrial uses of tubular
    reactors are in gasoline production,
    oil cracking, synthesis of ammonia
    from its elements, and the oxidation
    of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide.

    21/10/2020 8
    2. Continuous Reactors

    C. Tubular Flow Reactor


    • A tubular flow reactor (TFR) is a tube (or pipe)
    through which reactants flow and are converted
    to product.
    • Generally used for gaseous reactions but are
    also suitable for some liquid-phase reactions.

    21/10/2020 9
    2. Continuous Reactors

    C. Tubular Flow Reactor

    21/10/2020 10
    Classification by Mode of Operation

    3. Semi Batch Reactor


    Some of the reactants are loaded into the reactor, and
    the rest of the reactants are fed gradually. Alternatively,
    one reactant is loaded into the reactor, and the other
    reactant is fed continuously.
    • Neither batch or continuous, may be combination of
    both.

    21/10/2020
    Semi-batch reactor 11
    Continuous Process Batch Process

    21/10/2020 12

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