FERRIOL, SEAN ANDREW M.

2019101709

PROBLEM #1
A sharp-edge orifice, 50 mmø, in the vertical side of a large tank, discharges water under a head
of 3 m. if Cc = 0.62 and Cv = 0.98, how far horizontally from the vena contracta will the jet
strikes a horizontal plane which is 1.8 m below the center of the orifice? Compute also the
discharges of this process

m
𝐶𝑣 =

er as
2√𝑌𝐻

co
𝑥 = 0.98 (2√(1.8)(3)

eH w
o.
ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 4.55 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
rs e 𝑄 = 𝑎𝑜 𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝑣 √2𝑔ℎ
ou urc
𝜋 2
𝑎𝑜 = 𝑑
4 𝑜
o

𝐶𝑐 = 0.62
𝑑𝑜 = 0.05
aC s
vi y re

𝜋
𝑄= 0.052 (0.98)(0.62)√2(9.81)(3)
4
𝑄 = 9.15 × 10−3 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐
ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

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 PROBLEM #2
A cylindrical tank with its axis vertical has a diameter of 2 m and a depth of 8 m. A standard
sharp-edged orifice 100 mm in diameter is located on the side 1 m above the bottom. When at
rest, water stands to a depth of 5 m. Assuming that the volume of water in the tank is kept
constant, determine the rate of discharges from the orifice:

a.) when the tank has a constant velocity of 3 m/s in a direction opposite to that of the jet.
b.) when it has a constant acceleration at 6 m/s in a direction opposite to that of the jet.

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
𝜋 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.1 = 7.854 × 10−3 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
4
PART A
o

𝑉 = √2𝑔ℎ
aC s
vi y re

𝑉 = √2(9.81)(4) = 8.86
𝑉 = 8.86 − 3
𝑉 = 5.86 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
ed d

Q =7.854 × 10−3 (5.86) = 0.0285 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

ar stu

PART B
is

2 2
𝑉 − 𝑈 = 2𝑎𝑠
𝑉 2 − 0 = (2)(6)(4)
Th

𝑉 = 6.93 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

𝑉 = 8.86 − 6.93 = 1.93 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
sh

Q =7.854 × 10−3 (0.62)(1.93) = 0.0094 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

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 PROBLEM #3
The liquid in the figure is oil (S=0.82) discharging from a 250 mmø pipe through a 100 mm
rounded orifice with Cc = 1.00 and Cv = 0.96. The U-tube contains mercury with difference “Z”
in mercury levels of 160 mm while height y = 660 mm. Compute the discharges in the system.

𝐸1 = 𝐸2

𝑉1 2 𝑃1 𝑉2 2 𝑃2

m
er as
+ + 𝑧1 = + + 𝑧2
2𝑔 𝑦 2𝑔 𝑦

co
2
8𝑄𝑡 𝑃1 8𝑄𝑡 2

eH w
+ +0= 2 +0+0
𝜋 2 𝑔(0.25)4 𝑦 𝜋 𝑔(0.1)4

o.
rs e 𝑃1
= 805.5163934𝑄𝑡 2
ou urc
𝑦

𝑝3 13.6 𝑃1
+ 0.16 ( ) − 0.66 =
𝑦 0.82 𝑦
o
aC s

𝑃1
= 1.99
vi y re

805.52𝑄𝑡 2 = 1.99
ed d

𝑄𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 0.0497 𝑚3
ar stu

𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.0497 (1)(0.96) = 0.047712

𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.0477 𝑚3
is

𝑑𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 100 𝑚𝑚 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝑐 = 1)

Th

0.0497
𝑉𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝜋 = 6.328 𝑚/𝑠
sh

(0.1) 2
4
𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (0.96)(6.328) = 6.075 𝑚/𝑠

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 PROBLEM #4
The horizontal orifice in the figure is 75 mmø with Cc = 0.63 and Cv = 0.98. When H = 3 m.,
neglecting air resistance, compute the height to which the jet will rise above the plane of the
orifice. What will be the diameter of the jet 1.5 m above the vena contracta?

m
er as
co
eH w
𝑉𝑉𝐶 = 𝐶𝑣 √2𝑔ℎ

o.
𝑉𝑉𝐶 = 0.98√2(9.81)(3)
rs e
ou urc
𝑉𝑉𝐶 = 7.51 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

𝑉𝑉𝐶 2 7.512
ℎ= =
2𝑔 2(9.81)
o

ℎ = 2.87 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
aC s
vi y re

𝑉1 𝑃1 𝑉2 𝑃2
+ + 𝑧1 = + + 𝑧2
2𝑔 𝑦 2𝑔 𝑦
7.512 𝑉2 2
= + 1.5
ed d

2(9.81) 2(9.81)
ar stu

𝑉2 = 5.19 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

𝜋
𝐴𝑉𝐶 = 0.63 (0.075)2 = 2.78 × 10−3
4
is

𝜋 2
𝑑 (5.19) = 2.78 × 10−3 (7.51)
4
Th

𝑑 𝑎𝑡 1.5 = 0.07156 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 71.56 𝑚𝑚

sh

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 PROBLEM #5
The pipe orifice in the figure has a diameter of 100 mm and a coefficient of discharge of 0.650
and the pipe diameter is 250 mm. The manometer connections are attached to different gauges
partly with mercury, the remainder of the tube being filled with the same liquid as that flowing in
a pipe, which is heavy fuel oil of Sp. Gr. of 0.908. Compute the discharge when the difference in
mercury levels in the gauge is 52 mm

m
er as
co
eH w
𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 100𝑚𝑚2

o.
4
rs e𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 7853.98 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
ou urc
𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 250𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 49087.39 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
o

13.6
ℎ = 52 ( ) = 726.854 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
aC s

0.908
vi y re

(0.65)(7853.98)(49087.385)√2(9.81)(726.854)
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑞) =
√(49087.385)2 + (726.854)2
ed d

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑞) = 19.53 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑟 0.01953 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐
ar stu
is
Th
sh

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 m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
is
Th
sh

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