schm312 Essay

Assignment Cover Sheet
FINAL %
FACULTY OF
SCIENCE AND
AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET
Student Name
NDWANDWE SR
Student Number
201859000
Module Title INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Module Code Schm 312
Assignment TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Due Date 30 August 2021
NON - PLAGIARISM DECLARATION

I know that plagiarism means taking and using the ideas, writings, works or inventions of another as if they were one’s
own. I know that plagiarism not only includes verbatim copying, but also the extensive use of another person’s ideas
without proper acknowledgement (which includes the proper use of quotation marks). I know that plagiarism covers
this sort of use of material found in textual sources and from the Internet. I acknowledge and understand that
plagiarism is wrong. I understand that my research must be accurately referenced. I have followed the rules and
conventions concerning referencing, citation and the use of quotations as set out in the Departmental Guide. This
assignment is my own work, or my group’s own unique group assignment. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s
assignment, or part of it, is wrong, and that submitting identical work to others constitutes a form of plagiarism. I have
not allowed, nor will I in the future allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as their own work.
By signing this cover sheet, I agree that I have read and understood the above. I acknowledge that should it be found to
be higher than the acceptable similarity percentage, I may receive 0 (ZERO) for my assignment.
Table of contents
Pages
Introduction 3 and 4
Tio2 in cosmetics and 4 and 5
sunscreens
Tio2 as pigment 5
Tio2 as a catalyst and a 5 and 6
photocatalyst
Tio2 as a plastic and 6

rubber
Tio2 in pharmaceutical 7
and packaging
Tio2 in food colourent 7
Tio2 in solar cells 8
Tio2 in water splitting 8

INTRODUCTION
TiO2 is called Titanium dioxide , this chemical
compound is also known as Titanium (iv) oxide
.Titanium dioxide is odourless and absorbent .it is
a fine white powder that provide a bright ,white
pigment .it can be used as a pigment ,bleaching
and opacifying agent in porcelain enamels ,giving
them brightness, hardness and acid resistance.
Titanium dioxide was discovered in 1821, until

1916 when the modern technology had
progressed to the point where it could be mass
produced tio2 was really or easily discovered
then ,it was made commercial for industrial
purposes in 1921 where Titanium white oil colour
suitable for artistic purposes was introduced.
Titanium dioxide is produced from either ilmenite,

rutile or Titanium slag .there are two processes
used to extract Titanium pigment it is by using
either sulphuric acid ( sulphate process) or
chloride ( chloride route).
Titanium dioxide is produced in two main forms
,The primary form and the pigmentray form ,the
primary form consisting over as percent of total
production it is highly knows as pigment grade
Titanium dioxide while the pigmentary form uses
the Titanium dioxide excellent light .scattering
properties in application that require white opacity
and brightness.
There are many industrial grades of Titanium white

pigment, Titanium dioxide has been used for a
decade in industries, it is used in consumer
products, including paints coating, adhesive, paper
,plastic and rubber, printing inks ,coated fabrics
and textiles, it is also used as ceramics ,floor
,coverings, roofing materials, cosmetics,
toothpaste ,soap ,water treatment agents,
pharmaceutical, food colorants, automotive
products, sunscreens and catalyst.
Titanium dioxide in cosmetics and sunscreens

Titanium dioxide is uv resistant therefore is highly
used in sunscreens that are highly to be exposed
to light to prevent light from affect the skin. It is
used widely in different personal care products,
including color cosmetics, such as eye shadows
and blush ,loose and pressed powder . It does not
Pentwater through the skin and posen no harm or
risk to human healthy.
Titanium dioxide as a pigment

Titanium dioxide is an inorganic white pigment
found in an array of end uses .it commonly used in
coatings and plastics consists of more than 80
percent of global consumption. It’s used in paints
because it gives paint high hiding power as it is
mentioned above.
Titanium dioxide as a catalyst and

photocatalyst
Titanium dioxide is a good metal oxide catalyst
support due to the strong metal support
interaction. Acid – base properties and chemical
stability make heterogeneous tiO2 supported
catalyst show a high potential in photocatalyst
related applications, electrodes for wet solar cells,
synthesis of fine chemicals and others
Titanium dioxide has been commonly used as a
photocatalyst in many environmental and energy
applications due to it efficient photo activity, high
stability ,low cost and safety to use by the
environment and human beings.
Titanium dioxide in plastics and rubber

Titanium dioxide is used In many plastic products,
like polyoletins ,PVC ,engineering polymers and
laminates ,TiO2 is highly demanded in PVC
(polyvinyl chloride) production .it helps to protect
plastics which are mainly used in outdoor
applications. It is used in the pipelines used in
electricity, water and gas supplies. Titanium
dioxide has a refractive property, durability and
color brilliance due to this now it is used in the
formation of plastics used outdoors .Titanium
dioxide gives plastic lasting hardness to withstand
weather conditions and light damage and prevent
the aging of plastics.
Titanium dioxide in pharmaceutical and

packaging
Titanium dioxide plays a big and important role in
all stages of pharmaceutical products lifestyle, as
a pure mineral ,TiO2 meets the requirements of
governing the safety of medicines such as those
set by European pharmacopeia, Japanese etc, it
has the same E171 addictive number familiar to
food industry.
Titanium dioxide protect ingredients and it makes
medicine easier to identify or take .the ability of
TiO2 to scatter light and absorb UV raus means it
is routinely incorporated in the packaging of
medicines to maintain shelf life and prevent any
premature degradation from moisture, heat or
light. This is used widely in protective films for
tablet straps and blisters ,as well as in external
cartons.
Titanium dioxide as food colourent

Titanium dioxide is the most effective white
colourants in food, it is highly effective than
alternative, it is known as the food colourant E171
and is authorized, it brighten or whiten food
products also add texture to foods and is often
used as anti caking agent.
Titanium dioxide in solar cells
Solar cells are designed using titanium dioxide and
graphite ,titanium dioxide absorbs photons of
nearly ultraviolet wavelength to produce electron
hole pairs . Advantages of TiO2 in solar cells is
because it is a good absorber layer, coated films
of TiO2 has permeability, low water contact angle
and good optical activity.
TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN WATER SPLITTING

In photoelectrochemical( PEC) water splitting,
hydrogen is produced from water using sunlight
and specialized semiconductor, which used light to
directly dissociate water molecules into hydrogen
and oxygen. Water splitting reaction is the
chemical reaction in which water is broken down
into oxygen and hydrogen 2H2O 2H2 +O ,the
reverse of water splitting is the basis of the
hydrogen fuel cell ,titanium dioxide is commonly
used as a photocatalyst in water splitting.
REFERENCE
1.Webexhibits.org
2.chemicalsafetyfacts.org
3.talma.info
4. Tdma.info
5.addictives.specialchem.com
6. https://www.energy.gov

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Assignment Cover Sheet

ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

Module Code Schm 312

Assignment TITANIUM DIOXIDE

NON - PLAGIARISM DECLARATION

Tio2 as a plastic and 6

Tio2 in food colourent 7

Tio2 in solar cells 8

Tio2 in water splitting 8

Titanium dioxide was discovered in 1821, until

Titanium dioxide is produced from either ilmenite,

There are many industrial grades of Titanium white

Titanium dioxide in cosmetics and sunscreens

Titanium dioxide as a pigment

Titanium dioxide as a catalyst and

Titanium dioxide in plastics and rubber

Titanium dioxide in pharmaceutical and

Titanium dioxide as food colourent

TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN WATER SPLITTING

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