A COMPACT RFID READER ANTENNA FOR UHF

NEAR-FIELD AND FAR- FIELD OPERATIONS

By

RADHA MOHAN 18BEC1148

ASHUTOSH KUMAR SINGH 18BEC1128

MONICA SINGH 18BEC1205

A project report submitted to

RICHARDS JOE STANISLAUS

SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course of

ECE3011-MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

In

B. Tech. ECE

Vandalur – Kelambakkam Road

CHENNAI - 600127

JUNE 2021

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 ABSTRACT

With the development of Internet of Things technology, RFID communication has

been widely applied to daily life. Internationally, RFID communication is mainly
divided into such four frequency bands as low frequency (125 ~ 134 KHz), high
frequency (13.56 MHz), ultra high frequency (860 ~ 960 MHz) and microwave
(2.45 GHz and above). In order to address the size constraint problem, we have
designed a loop antenna with both near-field and far-field characteristics.
We present a novel folded-dipole loop antenna with split-ring resonator (SRR)
structure in this paper and further converted the center path from rectangle to circle
and find out the results for S parameter .An SRR element is coupled inside the
folded-dipole loop and formed by a concentric metal ring with a split. The
geometry of antenna was designed on an FR-4 substrate.
The antenna prototype is fabricated and achieves a measured bandwidth of 10 MHz
(923–933 MHz).
For central patch as circle the antenna prototype is fabricated and achieves a
measured bandwidth of 10 MHz (873–883 MHz).

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to our
project guide, Prof. Richards Joe Stanislaus, Assistant Professor (Sr.), School of
Electronics Engineering, for his consistent encouragement and valuable guidance
offered to us in a pleasant manner throughout the course of the project work.

We are extremely grateful to Dr. Sivasubramanian. A, Dean of School of

Electronics Engineering, VIT Chennai, for extending the facilities of the school
towards our project and for his unstinting support.

We express our thanks to our Head of the Department, Dr. Vetrivelan. P for
his support throughout the course of this project.

We also take this opportunity to thank all the faculty of the school for their
support and their wisdom imparted to us throughout the course.

We thank our parents, family, and friends for bearing with us throughout the
course of our project and for the opportunity they provided us in undergoing this
course in such a prestigious institution.

MONICA SINGH RADHA MOHAN ASHUTOSH KUMAR SINGH

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project work titled “A COMPACT RFID READER
ANTENNA FOR UHF NEAR-FIELD AND FAR- FIELD OPERATIONS”
is being submitted by Monica Singh -18BEC1205,Radha Mohan-18BEC1148
Ashutosh Kumar Singh-18BEC1128 is a record of bonafide work done under
my guidance. The contents of this project work, in full or in parts, have neither
been taken from any other source nor have been submitted to any other Institute
or University

Dr. RICHARDS JOE STANISLAUS

Associate Professor

School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE),

VIT University, Chennai

Chennai-600127

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE Page No

ABSTRACT 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

1 INTRODUCTION 6

2 BASE PAPER 7

3 STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS 8-13

4 RESULTS 14-22

5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE 23

WORK

6 REFERENCES 23

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 1. INTRODUCTION

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been rapidly developed for
automated identification and tracking of objects in warehouse, supply chain,
industry, and commerce. Currently, mobile UHF RFID technology has received
much attention owing to its advantages in cost, portability, and item-level
applications. Mobile UHF RFID service is defined as a compact UHF RFID reader
into a mobile phone. Anyone with it can directly identify the RFID tag attached
product and access mobile internet by wireless communication for searching,
verifying, and managing product information
An SRR element is coupled inside the folded-dipole loop and formed by a
concentric metal ring with a split. The antenna prototype is fabricated and achieves
a measured bandwidth of 10 MHz (923–933 MHz).
Recent research work
1] Genetic Algorithm based Optimal RFID Tag Antenna Design:—in this work a
Genetic Algorithm is used to obtain optimal planar UHF RFID tag antenna
topologies. Different requirements like antenna dimension, conductive and
dielectric materials, frequency range, etc. can be adjusted. This enables the
automated design of tailored tag antennas for different requirements. Two
approaches were applied, one very fundamental, discretizing the available design
space into pixel units. In addition a lattice based approach, promoting meander-like
layouts, is implemented. Four antenna layouts are discussed in this work. All
obtained tag antennas meet the required specifications and prove the abilities of the
design approach
2] Study and design of an antenna array for RFID reader application in ISM band:-
Proposed the design of RFID reader antenna array to identify vehicles in a defined
area, the frequency band allocated to this application is the ISM (Industrial,
Scientific and Medical) band: 2.4GHz à 2.483GHz, this antenna array consists of 4
radiating elements to increase the gain and directivity that have a direct
relationship with the range. Choosing the proper substrate for the frequency of use
is important in any design, so we chose the FR4 substrate (εr=4.6, H=1.6mm
ettanδ=0.018) for reasons of cost and performance. The antenna array is designed
and simulated using ADS (Advanced Design System) software.

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 2. BASE PAPER

In this paper, a folded-dipole loop antenna with SRR has been investigated for
mobile UHF RFID applications. The coupled SRR element miniaturized this
antenna to a compact size of 31mm x 31mm .
The bent folded dipole forms a large outer loop with a split, and a single split ring
combines a small inner loop. The inductive loading is created by the ring, while the
capacitive effect is determined by the split of the ring. Both inductive and
capacitive loadings act as an LC tank circuit, which can enhance the magnetic
resonance, and realize antenna size reduction.
The geometry of antenna was designed on an FR-4 substrate (dielectric constant
4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and thickness H=1.6 mm), and the whole antenna size is
(31 mm) × (31 mm).On the top view of substrate, the dimensions of folded-dipole
loop are L2=29  mm, s1=1 mm, s2=2 mm,  W1=1mm,  W2=1.5mm, and g1=1.0 
mm. The dimensions of SRR are g2=3.3 mm, s3=0.9 mm, and W4=1.2 mm. On the
bottom view, the dimensions of the ground are L3=22 mm and W3=4.5 mm.

The antenna was simulated at the centre frequency of interesting band (915 MHz),
by using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software.
Simulation and measurement of the antenna implemented sufficient impedance
bandwidth (897–928 MHz), uniform magnetic near-field distribution, and suitable
far-field gain.
Experiments by the proposed antenna have shown good capability of both near-
field and far-field tag reading. Such a compact antenna is suitable for both near-
field and far-field UHF RFID operations.

LINK: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijap/2013/961042/

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 3. STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS

The geometry of antenna was designed on an FR-4 substrate (dielectric constant

4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and thickness H=1.6 mm), and the whole antenna size is
(31 mm) × (31 mm).On the top view of substrate, the dimensions of folded-dipole
loop are L2=29  mm, s1=1 mm, s2=2 mm,  W1=1mm,  W2=1.5mm, and g1=1.0 
mm. The dimensions of SRR are g2=3.3 mm, s3=0.9 mm, and W4=1.2 mm. On the
bottom view, the dimensions of the ground are L3=22 mm and W3=4.5 mm.

GROUND:

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SUBSTRATE

AIR BOX

CENTRAL PATCH

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10
11
12
Geometry of the proposed antenna

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 4. RESULTS

a) Parametric analysis of S parameters (with -10dB bandwidth for S11)

b) VSWR Plot

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c) S Parameter Plot

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d) Final S parameter plot for the optimum values of the structure for best S11
results (with -10dB bandwidth for S11) when Wg=39mm

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e) Surface current plot on the radiating element (example: patch) (at the
minimum point/points of S11 with minimum reflection)

f) E field pattern (at the minimum point/points of S11 with minimum

reflection)

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f)Radiation pattern - 3D (at the minimum point/points of S11 with minimum
reflection) g) Radiation pattern - 2D with 3dB beam width in E plane and H planes.

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g) H field pattern (at the minimum point/points of S11 with minimum
reflection)

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 CENTRAL PATCH AS CIRCLE

PARAMETERS

Geometry of the proposed antenna

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RESULT

h) parametric analysis of S parameters (with -10dB bandwidth for S11)

i) E field pattern (at the minimum point/points of S11 with minimum

reflection)

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j) E field pattern (at the minimum point/points of S11 with minimum
reflection)

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 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

The antenna was simulated at the centre frequency of interesting band (920 MHz),
by using An soft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software
Applications related to 923 MHZ- 933 MHZ are Radio Telemetry, Telecomm and,
RFID.
The measured bandwidth of the prototype is 10 MHz (923–933 MHz), under the
condition of reflection coefficient less than −10 dB
In this paper, a folded-dipole loop antenna with SRR has been investigated for
Radio telemetry,RFID applications. The coupled SRR element miniaturized this
antenna to a compact size. Further converted the central patch from rectangle to
circle .For central patch as circle the antenna prototype is fabricated and achieves a
measured bandwidth of 10 MHz (873–883 MHz), under the condition of reflection
coefficient less than -10dB.

After the development and manufacturing of this RFID antenna we plan to

experiment the design with circular central patch and analyze the different
properties and pattern in its radiation. We plan to study its properties and develop
its use in solving the real world problem and application .We can try different
shapes for the central patch and study the trend in the radiation patterns and
properties.

6. REFERENCES

1. https://www.wiley.com/en-mc/RFID+Handbook
%3A+Fundamentals+and+Applications+in+Contactless+Smart+Cards+an
d+Identification%2C+2nd+Edition-p-x000224896
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3018375_Antenna_design_for_U
HF_RFID_tags_A_review_and_a_practical_application
3. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/113/1/012192/pdf

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