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Problem 40 – Mathematics (Algebra)

The average speed of the winner Meb Keflezighi during the 2014 Boston
Marathon was 1.46 kilometers per hour faster than the first female to
cross the finish line, Rita Jeptoo. If Keflezighi ran 29.52 kilometers in the
time that Jeptoo ran 27.33 kilometers, find the speed of Jeptoo, rounded
to the nearest tenth.

Solution:
x = Rita’s speed t1 = time of Meb
x + 1.46 = Meb’s speed t2 = time of Rita
d
v= t1 = t 2
t
d 29.52 27.33
t= =
v x + 1.46 x
x = 18.22 = 18.2 km / hr

Problem 41 – Mathematics (Algebra)

Hertz Car Rental Agency charges $25 daily plus 10 cents per mile. Budget
charges $20 daily plus 25 cents per mile. Find the daily mileage for which
the Budget charge for the day is twice that of the Hertz charge for the day.

Solution:
2(25 + 0.10x) = (20 + 0.25x)
5x = 30
x = 600 mi.



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Problem 42 – Mathematics (Algebra)

The maximum weight that a rectangular beam can support varies jointly as its
width and the square of its height and inversely as its length. If a beam ½ foot
wide, 1/3 foot high and 10 feet long can support 12 tons. Find 2/3 foot wide, ½ foot
high, and 16 feet long.

Solution:
Let W = weight D = height
B = width L = length
2 ( 1 )2
BD2 3 2
W =K W = 2160 • = 22.5 tons
L 16
WL 12(10)
K= = 1 1 2 = 2160
BD2 2(3)

Problem 43 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The intensity of light (in foot-candles) varies inveresely as the square of x, the
distance in feet from the light source. The intensity of light 2 feet from the source is
80-foot candles. How far away is the source if the intensity of light is 5 foot
candles?

Solution:
Let I = intensity of light
x = distance in feet from the light source
k
I= 2
x
k = I x 2 = 80(2)2 = 320
320
5= 2
x
x = 8 feet
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Problem 44 – Mathematics (Algebra)

In 2010, 9 out of 20 top grossing movies were rated PG-13. At this rate,
how many movies in a year with 599 releases would you predict to be
rated PG-13? Round to the nearest whole movie.

Solution:
9
Rate of PG-13 movies =
20
9
No. of PG-13 movies in a year = (599) = 269.55
20






Problem 45 – Mathematics (Algebra)
If the voltage V in an electric circuit is held constant, the current I is inversely
proportional to the resistance R. If the current is 20 amperes when the resistance
is 20 ohms, find the current when the resistance is 150 ohms.

Solution:
⎛ 1⎞
I = V⎜ ⎟
⎝ R⎠
V = IR
If V is held constant,
I1 R1 = I2 R 2
20(20) = I2 (150)

8
I2 =
3

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Problem 46 – Mathematics (Algebra)

Smith Engineering is in the process of reviewing the salaries of their surveyors.
During this review, the company found that an experienced surveyor can survey a
roadbed in 4 hours. An apprentice surveyor needs 5 hours to survey the same
stretch of road. If the two work together, find how long it takes them to complete
the job.

Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
Experienced ¼ t t/4
Apprentice 1/5 t t/5
Total work done = 1

t t
+ =1
4 5

t = 2.22 hours






Problem 47 – Mathematics (Algebra)
An experienced brick layer can construct a small wall in 3 hours. An apprentice
can complete the job in 6 hours. Find how long it takes if they work together.

Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
Experienced 1/3 t t/3
Apprentice 1/6 t t/6
Total work done = 1

t t
+ =1
3 6

t = 2 hours
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Problem 48 – Mathematics (Algebra)

The speed of Lazy River’s current is 5 mph. If a boat travels 20 miles downstream
in the same time that it takes to travel 10 miles upstream, find the speed of the
boat in still water.
Solution:
D = Vt
Vdownstream = Vstill + 5 mph
Vupstream = Vstill - 5 mph
Going downstream: (
20 miles = Vstill + 5 mph (t 1 ) )
Going upstream: (
10 miles = Vstill - 5 mph (t 2 ) )
t1 = t 2

20 10
=
Vstill + 5 Vstill - 5
Vstill = 15 mph




Problem 49 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The sum of the reciprocals of two consecutive integers is 75/56. Find the two
integers.
Solution:
x = first integer
x + 1 = second integer
1 1 - 15
+ =
x x + 1 56
x = -8
x + 1 = -7
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Problem 50 – Mathematics (Algebra)

Two trains going in opposite directions leave at the same time. One train travels
15 mph faster than the other. In 6 hours, the trains are 630 miles apart. Find the
speed of each.

Solution:
V1 = speed of first train
V2 = V1 + 15 = speed of second train
t = 6 hours
D1 = distance traveled by the first train
D2 = 630 – D1 = distance by the second train
D1 = V1 (6) --- ➀
D2 = V2 (6)
630 – D1 = (V1 + 15)(6) ---➁
630 - V1 (6) = (V1 + 15)(6)
V1 = 45 mph
V2 = V1 + 15 = 60 mph





Problem 51 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A giant tortoise can travel 0.17 miles in 1 hour. At this rate, how long would it take
the tortoise to travel 1 mile? (Round to the nearest tenth of an hour)

Solution:
D = Vt
D 0.17
V= = = 0.17 miles/hour
t 1
Time it takes to travel 1 mile
D 1 mile
t= = = 5.88 hours
V 0.17 mile/hour


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Problem 52 – Mathematics (Algebra)

A local dairy has three machines to fill half-gallon milk cartons. The machines can
fill the daily quota in 5 hours, 6 hours and 7.5 hours, respectively. Find how long it
takes to fill the daily quota if all three machines are running.

Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
1 1/5 x x/5
2 1/6 x x/6
3 1/7.5 x x/7.5
Total work done = 1

x x x
+ + =1
5 6 7.5

x = 2 hours




Problem 53 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A denominator of a fraction is 1 more than the numerator. If both the numerator
and the denominator are decreased by 3, the resulting fraction is equivalent to 4/5.
Find the fraction.

Solution:
x = numerator
x + 1 = denominator
(x) - 3 4
=
(x + 1) - 3 5
x =7
x+1=8
x 7
=
x +1 8


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Problem 54 – Mathematics (Algebra)

In 2 minutes, a conveyor belt can move 300 pounds of recyclable aluminum from
the delivery truck to a storage area. A smaller belt can move the same quantity of
cans the same distance in 6 minutes. If both belts are used, find how long it takes
to move the cans to the storage area.
Solution:
300 pounds
Rate of big = = 150 pounds/min.
2 minutes
300 pounds
Rate of small = = 50 pounds/min.
6 minutes
150t + 50t = 300

t = 1.5 minutes



Problem 55 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A plane flies 465 miles with the wind and 345 miles against the wind in the same
length of time. If the speed of the wind is 20 mph, find the speed of the plane in
still air.
Solution:
D1 = D with the wind = 465 miles at time t
D2 = Dagainst the wind = 345 miles at time t
D1 = V1 t D 2 = V2 t
V1 = Vst + 20 V2 = Vst - 20
D1 D2
=
V1 V2

465 345
=
Vst + 20 Vst - 20
Vst = 135 mph
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Problem 56 – Mathematics (Algebra)

Two joggers, one averaging 8 mph and one averaging 6 mph, start from a
designated initial point. The slower jogger arrives at the end of the run a
half-hour after the jogger. Find the distance of the run.

Solution:
First jogger: Second jogger:
D1 = distance for 1st jogger D2 = distance for 2nd jogger
V1 = 8 mph for 1st jogger V2 = 6 mph for 2nd jogger
t1 = time for 1st jogger t2 = time for 2nd jogger
t2 = t1 + ½
D1 = V1 t1 = 8t1 D2 = V2 t2 = 6(t1 + ½)

Equate D1 = D2
8t1 = 6(t1 + ½)
t1 = 1.5 hours
D = 8(1.5) = 12 miles

Problem 57 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The initial size of a virus culture is 6 munits and it triples its size every day.
Find the general term of the geometric sequence that models the culture’s
size.

Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
an = 6(3)n-1

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Problem 58 – Mathematics (Algebra)

Jose takes a job that offers a monthly salary of P4000 and guarantees him a
monthly raise of P125 during his first year of training. Find the general term of the
arithmetic sequence and his monthly salary at the end of his training.
Solution:
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
an = 4000 + (n – 1)(125)
an = 3875 + 125n
Salary at the end of his training:
an = 4000 + (12 – 1)(125)
an = P5375

Problem 59 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A triangular display of cans in a grocery store has 20 cans in the first row, 17 cans
in the second row and so on, in an arithmetic sequence.
➀ Find the number of cans in the 5th row.
Solution:
a1 = 20
d = 17 – 20 = - 3
a5 = a1 + 4d
a5 = 20 + 4(- 3) = 8 cans
➁ Find the number of cans in the 5th row.
Solution:
an = 2 a1 = 20 d=-3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
2 = 20 + (n – 1)(- 3)
0 = 18 – 3n + 3
3n = 21
n = 7 rows
➂ No. of cans in the top row = 2
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Problem 60 – Mathematics (Algebra)

A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 486 ft., and it continues to
bounce one-third the height from which it last fell. Find the general term
for this geometric sequence. Find how many bounces it takes for the ball
to rebound less than 1 foot?

Solution:

486
a2 = = 162 a1 = 486
3
162
a3 = = 54
3
54 1
r= =
162 3
No. of bounces = 6
486
when n = 6
a n = a1 r n−1
162 54 18 2/3 < 1
5 6
⎛ 1⎞ 2
a n = 486 ⎜ ⎟ = 2
⎝ 3⎠ 1 2 3 4 5 6

n=7
6
⎛ 1⎞
a n = 486 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
2
an =
3
Use n = 6 bounces
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Problem 61 – Mathematics (Algebra)

A small theater has 10 rows with 12 seats in the first row, 15 seats in the
second row, 18 seats in the 3rd row and so on. Write an equation whose
term corresponds to the seats in each row.

Solution:
a1 = 12 a2 = 15 a3 = 18 a4 = 21
a5 = 24 a6 = 27 a7 = 30 a8 = 33 (check)

d = 15 – 12 = 3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
an = 12 + (n – 1)(3)
an = 9 + 3n
an = 9 + 3(8) = 33

Problem 62 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A grant from an alumnus to a university specified that the university was to
receive $800,000 during the first year and 75% of the preceding years
donation during each of the following 5 years. Find the total amount
donated during the 6 years.
Solution:
a1 = 800000 r = 0.75 n=6
a(1 - r n )
S=
1- r
800000 ⎡⎣1 - (0.75) 6 ⎤⎦
S= = $2,630,468.75
1 - 0.75