5 Ways to Know Yourself as a Spiritual Being Shinzen Young

5 Ways to Know Yourself as a Spiritual Being

Basic Mindfulness Training is built around five core practices.Youdon’ tnecessarily have to
learn all five, although most people like to at least sample them all. Because these practices are
strongly contrasting, the chance sa rev eryg oodt ha teveni fy oudon’ tta
ketoa l
loft he m,a tl eas t
one or two will really work for you. Furthermore, ifapa r
ticula
rpr a cti
cedoe sn’twor ka tag ive n
time, then it’svery likely that one of the other four will.

A practice is said to “
work”if, in a reasonable time frame, it delivers one or several of the
following.

 Reduction of your physical or emotional suffering

 Elevation of your physical or emotional fulfillment
 Deeper knowledge of who you are
 Positive changes in your objective behavior

I refer to these core techniques as the “

5 Ways of Basic Mindfulness.”

Each of the 5 Ways plays four roles.

 Each is a skill-building exercise –A way to strengthen your concentration, clarity and

equanimity muscles.
 Each is a basic response strategy –A wa
ytode
alwi
thl
if
e’s challenges and utilize
nat
ure ’sg race.
 Each is a way to know yourself –Revealing a facet of your spiritual essence.
 Each is a tradition –A modern and secular reworking of one of the basic approaches
to enlightenment developed historically within Buddhism and other Eastern (as well
as Western) traditions.

He
re’
sa brief outline of the 5 Ways.

Focus In
Keep t
rac
kofyoursubj
ect
ivee
xpe riencei
ntermsofvis
ualt
houg
hts(“I
mag
es”
),me
nta
l
conver
sat
ions(
“Tal
k”)andemotional-t
ypebodysens
ati
ons(
“Feel
”).

At the psychological level this clear tracking allows you to break negative states into small
manageable pieces, thus loosening their power over you. By negative states I mean things like
difficult emotions, limiting beliefs, judgments, urges leading to unproductive behaviors and so
forth. By manageable pieces I mean individual images, individual self-talk phrases and specific
body locations where the emotional sensations are arising. Learning to focus on just one of these
at a given moment will reduce your sense of overwhelm. You stop being like a ping pong ball

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5 Ways to Know Yourself as a Spiritual Being Shinzen Young

pummeled about by words in your head, emotions in your body and pictures on your mental
screen.

At the spiritual level FOCUS IN allows you to become free from t he“s mallself .
”Thes ma l
ls elfi
s
the sense that your identity is limited to your mind and body. When you can clearly separate your
subjective states into Feel, Image and Talk, those states will be a home where you can live, but
from which you can venture out…ve ntur eoutinto a deeper, broader sense of identity. On the
other hand, when Feel, Image and Talk get tangled and meshed, they become a prison that
confines your identity. With enough practice, the FOCUS IN technique will allow you to break
free from the prison of small self.

The name FOCUS IN comes from the fact that you are turning your attention inward to your
thoughts and emotions, monitoring them as tangible sensory events. This technique represents a
mode rnr ewor kingoft heear
lyBuddhi st“ divi
dea ndconque r”strate gi
ess uc ha stheFi ve
Aggregates or the Four Foundations. In terms of modern neuroscience, it is a way of detecting
whe ny ourbr ain’s“ defaulta
tte
nt i
ona lne twork”ha sbecomea cti
ve ,pullingy ouintome mor y,
planning, fantasy and judgment.

Focus Out
Anc hory our s
elfinthepr es entmome ntbyf oc
usingonexter
na lvision(“ Sight” ),externa lhe
ari
ng
(“Sound” )a ndphy si
cal-typebodys ensa t
ions(“Touch”
).Thi
si sba sedonapr a cti
c ecommonl y
given to new monks in Zen temples, allowing them to remain in a meditative state while
effectively performing their daily tasks.

Ataps ych ologicallevel,t

hisi ssimilartoa na pproa chknowni nps ychot her
apya s“ dis
tracti
on.”
When a client experiences meltdown in a session, the therapist may encourage themt o“ ground”
themselves in external sights, sounds and so forth. A similar strategy is sometimes used by
runners to increase endurance. However, there is a subtle but highly significant difference
between distraction and the FOCUS OUT practice. FOCUS OUT is not a momentary coping strategy.
It is a sustained and systematic apparatus designed to permanently increase your base level of
concentration, sensory clarity and equanimity.

At the spiritual level, FOCUS OUT fosters an experience of merging with the outside world.

The FOCUS IN method allows you to clarify how Feel, Image and Talk create the subjective
world of past, future and fantasy. By way of contrast Touch, Sight and Sound are always now.
Put succinctly, the FOCUS OUT practice is a tangible way to harness the Power of Now.

Focus on Rest
Learn to detect and enjoy naturally occurring restful states such as physical relaxation, mental
blank, emotional peace and quiet moments in your head.

These states often occur spontaneously. The problem is that peopledon’ tknowhowt
ode tect
them or how to utilize them. The FOCUS ON REST technique teaches you what to look for and
where. You can then utilize these restful states for a wide range of purposes.

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5 Ways to Know Yourself as a Spiritual Being Shinzen Young

For one thing, the more intently you focus on restful states the better you feel, motivating you to
focus even more intently. This clever strategy creates a positive feedback loop that revs up your
baseline of concentration power. The restful states can also be used to create a container of
equanimity within which emotions, physical discomfort and negative urges can come and go
with less identification.

Finally, the restful states can evolve into a self-contained source of sensory fulfillment, one that
is available on-demand, independent of external circumstances. This is particularly important for
people who live in physical discomfort and also for people in recovery. People in physical
discomfort need to have a source of pleasure despite the discomfort in order to avoid becoming
depressed. People in recovery need a free, legal, healthy and anti-a ddictive“ hig h”tor eplacet ha t
of the substance/behavior they are trying to abstain from.

In terms of traditional categories, the FOCUS ON REST technique represents a contemporary

reworking of the classical absorption (jhâna) practices of early Buddhism.

Focus on How Things Change

Paying attention to how things change and when they vanish can be enormously liberating. You
comet or eal
izenot“ thi
st oos
ha llpas
s,”butr ather“thist oois pass
ing”—right now, second by
second. Whe ny ou’ reface dwithphy si
c aldiscomf ort,e mot ionaldi
scomfor t
,me ntalconf usion,or
urges leading to unproductive behaviors, focusing on their impermanence allows you to get some
sense of immediate relief.

At a spiritual level, continuously noting when things change facilitates their break up into a kind
of subjective “ energy,”which in Asian medicine (and martial arts) is referred to as qi (ch’i).

Also, by noticing the very moment when things vanish, your attention is directed to the Source
from which they arise. This leads to the classical experience of “
Cessation”referred to by the
mystics of the world as True Self, No Self, Nothingness and so forth.

Focus on Something Positive

The four techniques described above represent different ways of (briefly) going beyond the
human self. FOCUS IN “ dec onstructs”thes el
fbackt oi tssens or
yc ompone nts.FOCUS OUT helps
you merge into the oneness with the outside world. FOCUS ON REST replaces your ordinary body
(physical touch and emotional feel) with a restful body (physical relaxation and emotional
peace). It also replaces your ordinary mind (mental image and internal talk) with a restful mind
(mental blank and internal quiet). FOCUS ON CHANGE dissolves everything into energy and
vanishing. Each of these four represents a different flavor of No Self. But to deconstruct your
self is only half of the story. To balance and complete the process, one must also learn to
reconstruct your self into human goodness. That is what FOCUS ON POSITIVE practice is for.

Like FOCUS IN, FOCUS ON POSITIVE works with Feel, Image and Talk, but in a very different
way. Instead of just observing Feel-Image-Talk as it arises, FOCUS ON POSITIVE has you actively
create positive Images and Talk. These then prime the pump for pleasant emotional Feel—joy,
interest, enthusiasm, love, friendliness, compassion, gratitude, forgiveness and so forth. You then
use your concentration power to spread that pleasant Feel over your whole body and then radiate

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5 Ways To Know Yourself.doc Created 12/23/2007 Revised 4/26/2008
5 Ways to Know Yourself as a Spiritual Being Shinzen Young

it beyond your body out to the people and objects around you. In this way you subtly bless
everything you see, hear or touch. When you get good at this practice it dramatically changes the
way you relate to the world. Equally important, it changes the way that the world relates to you!
Every moment becomes a moment of subtle service to those around you. Every day you deliver a
silent sermon from all the pores of your skin.

The 5 Ways of Basic Mindfulness in a Nutshell

The following sound bites summarize the five approaches described above. The phrases are short
and catchy, but if you really think about what the phrases mean y
ou’
llcometo appreciate that
they’rea l
soquite subtle and deep.

The 5 Ways as strategies for life:

FOCUS IN –Untangle & Be Free
FOCUS OUT –Anchor & Merge
FOCUS ON REST –Refresh & Release
FOCUS ON CHANGE –Flow & Go
FOCUS ON POSITIVE –Love & Serve

The 5 Ways as ways to know yourself:

FOCUS IN –Know yourself as a sensory system
FOCUS OUT –Know others as yourself
FOCUS ON REST –Know yourself as Serenity & Contentment
FOCUS ON CHANGE –Know yourself as Spirit & Source
FOCUS ON POSITIVE –Know yourself as Goodness

© 2007 Shinzen Young All rights reserved. 4

5 Ways To Know Yourself.doc Created 12/23/2007 Revised 4/26/2008