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    War Ancient & Modern - Week 5

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    Shawna Ryan
    This document summarizes ancient Greek warfare from approximately 1500 BC to 350 BC in 3 paragraphs. It discusses the development of Greek city-states and the role of war in Greek religion. It describes hoplite warfare and the rise of heavy infantry among wealthy Greeks. Finally, it outlines the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC and military reforms in Macedonia that changed the nature of Greek warfare, such as the use of the sarissa spear.

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    War Ancient & Modern - Week 5

    Uploaded by

    Shawna Ryan
    29 views2 pages
    This document summarizes ancient Greek warfare from approximately 1500 BC to 350 BC in 3 paragraphs. It discusses the development of Greek city-states and the role of war in Greek religion. It describes hoplite warfare and the rise of heavy infantry among wealthy Greeks. Finally, it outlines the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC and military reforms in Macedonia that changed the nature of Greek warfare, such as the use of the sarissa spear.

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    war - lecture 3 copy

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    This document summarizes ancient Greek warfare from approximately 1500 BC to 350 BC in 3 paragraphs. It discusses the development of Greek city-states and the role of war in Greek religion. It describes hoplite warfare and the rise of heavy infantry among wealthy Greeks. Finally, it outlines the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC and military reforms in Macedonia that changed the nature of Greek warfare, such as the use of the sarissa spear.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views2 pages

    War Ancient & Modern - Week 5

    Uploaded by

    Shawna Ryan
    This document summarizes ancient Greek warfare from approximately 1500 BC to 350 BC in 3 paragraphs. It discusses the development of Greek city-states and the role of war in Greek religion. It describes hoplite warfare and the rise of heavy infantry among wealthy Greeks. Finally, it outlines the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC and military reforms in Macedonia that changed the nature of Greek warfare, such as the use of the sarissa spear.

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    War Ancient & Modern – week 5

    Warfare in Ancient Greece


    - Greek world = Mediterranean world
    - C.1,500 greek poleis (cities)
    - War was a part of Greek religion; Ares and Athena, god & goddess of war
    - Ares – unrestrained violence, Athena – restrained violence
    - An ‘Age of Heroes’ – Thetis, Achilles, Memnon, Eos
    - Dark Ages: Epic Poetry and Archaeology
    o Merio0nes gave Odysseus a bow, a quiver, and a sword, while on his head he
    put a helmet made of hide
    o Armour made of the dried skin of a crocodile
    o Mycenaean Fresco from Pylos c. 1300 BC
    o The Chigi case (c. 640 BC)
     Argued to be one of the earliest portrayals of Greek
     Spartans – sing to control breathing before battle
     Judgement of Paris
     Evidence of the beginning of land warfare
    o The Macmillan Aryballos
     Storing oil/perfume
     Animal head topping where the oil would come out
     Soldiers, horses and riders, and a hare-hunt – all depictions of warfare
    - Tyrtaeus of Sparta, lyric, elegiac poetry
    - Archilochus of Paros (7th century BC) – makes a joke of leaving the shield behind
    - Rhodian plate (c. 600 BC)
    - ‘Heroic’ Warfare? Depictions of Single Comabt (Achilles slays Penthesilea the
    Amazon)
    - Greek heavy infantry
    o Equipping the Greek ‘hoplite’
     Problematic term
     A ‘hoplite’ fights in a phalanx
     Large round shield (aspis); thin layer of brinze
     (c. 0.5 mm bronze) over a ooden base
     Diodorus Siculus erroneously refers to the shield as a hoplon; hoplon
    actually denotes equipment beyond just the shield, including
     Dory – a thrusting-spear, 2.5-3 metres long with bronze or iron
    tip
     Xiphos –
     The shield (aspis)
     Antilabe
     Porpax
     Corinthian style helmet vs. pilos style
     Corinthian obstructs senses (sight and hear)
     Pilos does not
     Hoplite myths
     Traditional views;
    - Technological development:
    - Rise if an infantry ‘class’ linked to emergence of tyranny
    - Can only the wealthiest afford this amour, does participation in war increase
    confidence and expectations?
    o Demand more rights
    o Creation of a ‘middle class’
    - Problems with
    o The narrative
    o Terminology of ‘hoplite’
    - Usually fought over land
    - Classical Greek Historians – the Big Three
    o Herodotus – the invention of ‘war monograph’, history of Greco-Persian war
    o Thucydides – the rise of Persia c.557, history of the Peloponnesian War
    o Xenophon – Hellenica and Anabasis
     Hellenica; the wars/political history of the Greek cities c. 411-362 BC
     Anabasis; first war memoir/documents
    - Persian wars: Greek warfare c.480
    - The ‘Natural’ Tendency – a human element to war
    - The Battle of Coronea – Agust 394 BC: Xenophon is an eyewitness, we have an exact
    date (we can date back due to the eclipse)
    o “unlike any in our time”
    o Silence on both sides
    o The Thebans raised their war cry and came to close quarters on the run
    o And when there were about three plethora between them, the troops
    advanced together on the run
    o Crashing together with their shields, they shoved, they fought, they killed and
    were killed
    - Late classical: the rise of Macedonia
    o Military reforms of Philip II of Macedonia
     Royal Patronage/court culture: companions
     Land as an incentive and carries future obligation
     New methods of physical training
     Diodorus Siculus
     Polyaenus
     Elite infantry – foot companions (pezhetairoi)
     Compared to Greek ‘hoplite’/heavy-armed soldier and phalanx?
     New equipment: sarissa

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