What is Communication?

- According to Louis Allen, a management author, “Communication is the total of all the things one person does
when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another. It is a bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic
and continuous process of telling, listening, and understanding.”

Meaning of Communicationl

- The word communication is basically a process of interaction with the people and their environment.
Importance of Communication
- Communication is not merely essential but the need of the hour. It allows you to get the trust of the people and
at the same time carry better opportunities before you.

 Help to Build Relationships

 Improve the Working Environment
 Foster strong team
 Find the right solutions
 Earns more respect
 Don’t Go Overboard with Your Point
 Watch Your Words
 Conclusion

Communication, Translation, and Teens

Oral Communication

- Oral communication implies communication through mouth.

Advantages of Oral Communication
 There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication as it is interpersonal.
 There is no element of rigidity in oral communication. There is flexibility for allowing changes in the
decisions previously taken.
 The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication. Thus, decisions can be made quickly without
any delay.
 Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon money and efforts.
 Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. The conflicts, disputes and many
issues/differences can be put to an end by talking them over.
 Oral communication is an essential for teamwork and group energy.
 Oral communication promotes a receptive and encouraging morale among organizational employees.
 Oral communication can be best used to transfer private and confidential information/matter.
Disadvantages/Limitations of Oral Communication
 Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business communication is formal and very
organized.
 Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they are informal and not as
organized as written communication.
 Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in case of meetings, long
speeches consume lot of time and are unproductive at times.
 Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady.
 There may be misunderstandings as the information is not complete and may lack essentials.
 It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the receivers/audience.
 Oral communication (such as speeches) is not frequently used as legal records except in investigation work.

Communication Models

 Linear Models
- Aristotle’s Model
- Lasswell’s Model
- Shannon-Weaver Model
- Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
 Interactive Models
- Osgood-Schramm Model
- The Westley and Maclean Model
 Transactional Models
- Barnlund’s Transactional Model
- Dance’s Helical Model

Five Elements of Communication

- Sender and receiver

- Medium
- Contextual factors
- Message
- Feedback

Verbal and Non-verbal communication

- Verbal communication - takes place directly between people or known as face-to-face communication.
- Non-Verbal Communication - process of communicating without using words is known as nonverbal
communication.
Intercultural Communication
- Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from two different cultures.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RinchVBs0qLKhiOoNtrfc7C-ECBAVqJYuZpBuhpY53M/edit#

The Recipe for Great Communication

 - Clarity – make your point clearly
- Brevity – make your point quickly
- Context – make your message relevant
- Impact – make your message memorable
- Value – make your message valuable

How Miscommunication Happens

- It happens when people have different perceptions an opinion in life

- As we communicate from other people, we receive feedback from the other party, through the transaction
we create meaning

Teens Aren’t Breaking Language, They’re Adding to It

Text messaging affects teen literacy :)

Most population claims that the shorthand and abbreviated characteristics of text messaging are making
teenagers lazy, not forcing them to use the proper grammar and spelling that teenager learn in school.
considering the popularity of text messaging to teenagers, it is believed that this type of communication is
destroying the way people read, think and write.

Forms Of Communication

Formal: is the exchange of official information that flows along the different levels of the organization.

Informal: Informal communication is the unofficial form of communication wherein the information is
exchanged spontaneously between two or more persons without conforming the prescribed official rules,
processes, system, formalities and chain of command.

Types of Oral Communication

1. Interpersonal - When two or more than two people communicate with each other, the form of oral
communication is interpersonal.
2. Intrapersonal - Intrapersonal communication occurs when you talk to yourself.
3. Group - oral communication occurs in groups (mostly small consisting of 5 to 10 people). This form of oral
communication is meant for the relationship and the companionship.
4. Public - This form of communication consists of a speaker and his/her audience. Public speaking is the second
name assigned to this form of communication.
5. Mass - Mass communication uses a mode to convey messages from sender to receiver. Here a message is sent
from the sender to the people across the world by using different modes like TV, radio, internet, etc.
Barriers to communication and communication breakdown

Non-verbal signals - Body language can provide valuable feedback where verbal communication is concerned. It
can give different meaning to what is said.

Language - Choice of words is vital to the effectiveness of any communication. Many words have different
meanings. Background knowledge and experience affect our understanding. Foreign language, dialects, accents
should be considered

Listening - Listening is a skill. Careful concentration is demanded if communication is to be understood

Success at gaining attention may depend on the words used, the way the communication is expressed, the
interest in the speaker, in the communication and other various factors.

Pre-judgment - What is understood is often conditioned by what we already know and our background
knowledge. Often, we hear what we want to hear instead of what is actually been said.

Relationship - The effectiveness of communication may depend on the relationship with the person giving the
message. If the relationship between people are not good, communication may fail to be effective.

Emotional responses - Communication may not succeed if a person is highly emotional about the topic
concerned. Problems may arise from insecurity, fear, anger.

Systems - In any organization, there should be a prescribed procedure for getting messages to people who need
them. Without such system, there can be no effective communication.
Principles of Effective Communication

1. Principle of Clarity in Ideas

2. Principle of Appropriate Language
3. Principle of Attention
4. Principle of Consistency
5. Principle of Adequacy
6. Principle of Proper Time
7. Principle of Informality
8. Principle of Integration
9. Principle of Consultation
10. Principle of Flexibility
11. Principle of Economy
12. Principle of Proper Medium

Seven Cs of Oral Communication

1. Clear
2. Concise
3. Complete
4. Correct
5. Concrete
6. Courtesy
7. Candid

Dynamics of Oral Communication

- First, the content or the message is the key to a good oral communication.
- Second, knowing your strengths and weaknesses is a good starting point for better communication.
- Third, having confidence is a key too good to have 6a good communication.
- Fourth, audience awareness is an important tool to have an effective oral communication.
- Lastly, audience engagement is vital to effective communication.