The Indian High school, Dubai

Chemistry Department
Systematic Qualitative Analysis
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL
S.N0. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

1 Colour of the salt Blue May be Cu2+

Yellowish Brown May be Fe3+
Green +2 or May be Cu2+ or Ni2+

Light Pink, flesh colour or earthy May be Mn2+

colour
White All of the above may
be absent
2 Flame test
Mix little of the salt Crimson red Sr2+present
with con. HCl. Make a
paste and take a small Brick red Ca2+present
amount of the paste
on a loop of platinum Apple green Ba2+ present
wire and introduce it
into the flame. Greenish blue Cu2+ present

3 Ash test Green ash Zn2+ present

Dissolve a little of the
salt in con. HNO3.
Add cobalt nitrate Blue ash Al3+ present
solution. Dip a filter
paper and introduce it
into the flame. Pink ash Mg2+ present

Preparation of original solution

Prepare Original Solution by dissolving certain amount of the given salt in
water.

Fixing up of the Group

1 To the original solution ppt formed Grp I (Pb2+) present

add dil. HCl and Filter No ppt formed Grp I (Pb2+) absent
2 Pass H2S through the ppt formed Grp II (Cu2+) present
above solution. No ppt formed Grp II (Cu2+) absent
 3 Boil off H2S. Add solid White gelatinous Grp-III (Al+3) present
NH4Cl. Heat and cool. Ppt.
Add NH40H in excess. Brown ppt Grp-III (Fe3+) present
Filter.
No ppt formed Grp-III absent
4 Pass H2S through the Black ppt Grp-IV (Ni2+) present
above solution. Filter. Flesh color ppt Grp IV (Mn2+)present
Dirty white ppt Grp IV (Zn2+) present
No ppt Grp IV Absent

5 Boil off H2S. Add NH40H A white ppt Grp-V (Ba2+ ,Ca2+, Sr2+)
and (NH4)2CO3. Filter. present

No ppt Group V absent

6 To the original solution
add NH4Cl, NH4OH and White crystalline ppt Grp-VI (Mg2+) present
disodium hydrogen
phosphate. Scratch
inside of test tube with
the glass rod.

Zero group

1 Heat the given salt with Smell of NH3 NH4+ present

NaOH
2 Bring a glass rod dipped in Dense white fumes NH4+ present
Conc. HCl near a mouth of evolves
the test tube.
3 Add Nesslers reagent to Brown ppt formed NH4+ confirmed
the salt solution.

GROUP ANALYSIS:

S.N0. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

1 Analysis of group- I ppt

Dissolve the ppt in hot water

and divide into 2 parts.-
1. To 1st part add potassium Yellow ppt Pb2+ confirmed
chromate solution.

2. To 2nd part add KI solution Yellow ppt soluble on Pb2+ confirmed

heating & reappears on
cooling.
2 Analysis of group- II ppt

The group-II ppt is dissolved in

50% HNO3 & divide it into two
parts.

1. To one part add NH40H Pale blue ppt soluble in Cu2+ confirmed
excess to form deep blue
solution.
2. To 2nd part add acetic acid Chocolate brown ppt Cu2+ confirmed
followed by potassium Ferro
cyanide.
3 Analysis of group - III ppt

Dissolve the ppt in dil. HCI and Blue ppt floating in Al+3 confirmed
add few drops of blue litmus. colourless solution
Add NH4OH.
( If ppt is reddish brown )
Dissolve ppt in dil HCl &divide
into two parts.
1) To one part add K4[Fe(CN)6] Prussian blue colour Fe3+ confirmed
solution
2) To second part add NH4CNS Blood red colour Fe3+ confirmed
4 Analysis of group - IV ppt

A. ( If flesh colour ppt )

Dissolve the ppt in dil. HCl and

divide into two parts.
1. To one part add NaOH White ppt that slowly turns Mn2+ confirmed
brown and finally black
colour
 2. To second part add PbO2 Purple colour Mn2+ confirmed
and conc. HNO3 Boil and
cool. Observe the colour.
B. (If dirty white ppt)

Dissolve the ppt in dil.HCl and

divide into 2 parts.
To one part add NaOH White ppt soluble in excess Zn2+ confirmed
of NaOH
To second part add K4[Fe(CN)6] Bluish white ppt Zn2+ confirmed
C. ( If black ppt) Rosy red ppt Ni2+ confirmed

Dissolve ppt in aquaregia and

add NH4OH and dimethyl
glyoxime
5 Analysis of group- v ppt
Dissolve the ppt in acetic acid
and warm it. Divide it into 3
parts.
To one part add potassium Yellow ppt Ba2+ confirmed
chromate
To second part add Ammonium White ppt Sr2+ confirmed
sulphate solution
To third part add Ammonium White ppt Ca2+ confirmed
Oxalate. Add a little Ammonium
Hydroxide and scratch the side.
6 Analysis of group-VI Blue colouration or Blue Mg2+ confirmed
Add NaOH to the Original precipitate
Solution followed by a few
drops of Magneson Reagent
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL
S.N0. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE
1 Treat the salt with dil. colourless and odourless CO32-
H2SO4 solution gas with brisk Present.
effervescence evolve
Colourless gas with smell of S2- present
rotten egg turning lead
acetate paper black.
2 Treat with con. H2SO4 Colourless gas with Cl- present
solution pungent smell giving dense
 white fumes with glass rod
dipped in NH40H.
Reddish brown vapour and Br- present
solution turns brown
Violet vapour I- present
Reddish brown vapour NO3- present
obtained on heating
Vinegar smell Acetate present
Add Cu turning to the Intense brown vapour
above solution(if evolves and solution turns Nitrate is present
Nitrate) and heat. blue.

To the salt solution add

4. conc. HNO3 and Canary yellow color or ppt Phosphate present
ammonium molybdate
and heat the contents.
SO42- present
5. To the salt solution add White ppt insoluble in dil.
BaCl2. HCl

CONFIRMATIVE TEST FOR ACID REDICAL

S.N0. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

1 Test for Carbonate Brisk effervescence of a CO32-
Add dil. HCl to the salt colourless and odourless Confirmed
solution. Heat it. gas evolves. Pass this gas
through limewater, it turns
milky.
2 (a) Test for Halogen White ppt soluble in NH4OH Cl- confirmed
To the salt solution add
Pale yellow ppt partially Br- confirmed
AgNO3
soluble in NH4OH
Yellow ppt insoluble in I- confirmed
NH40H
2 (b) CHROMYL
CHLORIDE TEST-
Cl- confirmed
 Mix a little salt with Red vapours
K2Cr2O7 and conc. H2SO4.
Heat it.
Yellow color
Pass the red vapors
through NaOH.
Add Acetic acid and lead Yellow ppt
acetate
2 (c) Dissolve a little Salt in Reddish brown layer Br- confirmed
water. Add CCl4 and
Chlorine water and shake Violet layer I- confirmed
well.
3 Test for Acetate CH3COO confirmed
Dissolve a little salt in Brown solution
Water and add neutral CH3COO-
FeCl3. Dilute the above confirmed
solution and boil. Reddish brown ppt
4 Test for Sulphide Black ppt S2- confirmed
Salt + water. Heat and
add lead acetate.
5 Test for Nitrate Brown ring formed at the NO3- Confirmed
Salt +water. Add freshly junction of two liquids
prepared FeSO4 solution
and con H2SO4 through
the side of test tube.
6 Test for Phosphate
A White ppt soluble in dil. PO43- confirmed
To the solution add
NH4OH and CaCl2. HCl or dil. HNO3
7 Test for sulphate White ppt insoluble in dil. SO42- confirmed
To the salt solution add HCl but soluble in
lead acetate. ammonium acetate
solution