Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum: Standard Test Method For

An American National Standard
Designation: D 938 – 05 British Standard 5088
Designation: 76/70(95)
Standard Test Method for

Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including
Petrolatum1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* as an air jacket, the droplet on the bulb is allowed to cool at a

1.1 This test method covers determination of the congealing fixed rate until it congeals. The congealing point is observed as
point of petroleum waxes, including petrolatum. the temperature at which the droplet ceases to flow as the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the thermometer is turned.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 5. Significance and Use
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Congealing point is a wax property that is of interest to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the many petroleum wax consumers. The procedure described here
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- measures the temperature at which a sample being cooled
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- develops a “set” or resistance to flow. At that temperature, the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. wax may be at or close to the solid state, or it may be semisolid
and quite unctuous, depending on the composition of the wax
NOTE 1—This test method is an alternative to Test Method D 127. or petrolatum being tested. In the case of petrolatums, congeal-
Results obtained are usually lower than the results obtained by Test
ing property is associated with the formation of a gel structure
Method D 127 – IP 133, the amount of the deviation varying with the
nature of the petroleum wax. as the sample cools.
2. Referenced Documents 6. Apparatus

2.1 ASTM Standards:2 6.1 Thermometer, having the following range and conform-
D 127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum ing to the requirements prescribed in Specification E 1 or in the
Wax, Including Petrolatum specifications for IP Standard Thermometers:
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers Thermometer Number
Temperature Range ASTM IP
20 to 100°C 54C 18C
3. Terminology 68 to 213°F 54F 18F
3.1 Definitions: 6.2 Erlenmeyer Flask, 125-mL, glass, to serve as a ther-
3.1.1 congealing point, n—of petroleum wax, that tempera- mometer jacket.
ture at which molten petroleum wax, when allowed to cool 6.3 Cork or Rubber Stopper, for attaching the thermometer
under prescribed conditions, ceases to flow. to the Erlenmeyer flask.
4. Summary of Test Method 7. Procedure
4.1 A sample of wax is melted and a droplet is made to 7.1 Adjust the thermometer through the stopper so that the
adhere to the bulb of a thermometer. Using a prewarmed flask bottom of the bulb will be 10 to 15 mm above the bottom of the
Erlenmeyer flask when the stopper is fitted snugly in the flask.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on After making this adjustment, remove the thermometer and
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee stopper from the flask, being careful not to change the position
D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
of the stopper relative to the thermometer stem.
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 938–04. 7.2 Place approximately 50 g of sample, which is represen-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tative of the material under inspection, in a porcelain evapo-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM rating dish or other suitable container.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
D 938 – 05
7.3 Place the empty Erlenmeyer flask (without the ther- ance with this turning rate. The brief pause time is not to be included in
mometer assembly) and the container holding the specimen in the 2 to 3-s rotation time.
a temperature-controlled oven set at 99 6 3°C (210 6 5°F)
until the specimen and the flask reach oven temperature. 8. Report
8.1 Report the average of the multiple determinations as the
NOTE 2—For nonreferee, routine testing of samples known to have low
congealing point, in °C (°F), to one decminal place.
congealing points, the oven may be set at a lower temperature, but it must
be at least 11°C (20°F) above the expected congealing point of the sample.
9. Precision and Bias
7.4 Remove the specimen from the oven and completely
immerse the thermometer bulb in it without covering any part 9.1 The precision of this test method is not known to have
of the thermometer stem with specimen. Gently stir the been obtained in accordance with RR:D02-1007, “Manual on
specimen with the thermometer until the mercury column has Determining Precision Data for ASTM Methods on Petroleum
stopped rising. Products.”
7.5 While holding the thermometer bulb in the molten wax 9.2 The precision of this test method as determined by
specimen, remove the heated flask from the oven, using a towel statistical examination of interlaboratory results is as follows:
or gloves to protect the hands. Now carefully remove the 9.2.1 Repeatability—The difference between two test re-
thermometer from the specimen, taking care to retain a sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus
relatively large drop of specimen adhering to the bulb. Holding under constant operating conditions on identical test material,
the thermometer in a horizontal position, firmly fit the ther- would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
mometer and stopper into the flask. Keep the assembly in a the test method, exceed the following values only in one case
horizontal position. in twenty:
7.6 While observing the drop on the thermometer bulb at an Distillate waxes 0.5°C (1.0°F)
Residual waxes, including petrolatums 1.0°C (2.0°F)
eye level position, rotate the thermometer and flask about a
horizontal axis. Use a steady and even rate for each continuous 9.2.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single
full revolution, and complete each revolution in not less than 2 and independent results obtained by different operators work-
s, nor more than 3 s. Do not pause at the completion of each ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, in
revolution any longer than required to reindex the fingers for the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test
the next full and continuous rotation (Note 3). When the drop method, exceed the following values only in one case in
is observed to rotate with the bulb, immediately read the twenty:
thermometer to the nearest 0.2°C (0.5°F) and record this Distillate waxes 1.5°C (2.5°F)
determination. Make a repeat determination on the wax speci- Residual waxes, including petrolatums 2.5°C (4.5°F)
men. If the variation of these two determinations does not 9.3 Bias—The procedure in this test method for measuring
exceed 1°C (2°F), record the average of these determinations the congealing point of petroleum waxes has no bias because
as the congealing point of the specimen under test. If the the value of the congealing point can be defined only in terms
variation of two determinations is greater than 1°C (2°F), make of a test method.
one additional determination and record the average of the
three determinations as the congealing point. 10. Keywords
NOTE 3—Operators should periodically check themselves for compli- 10.1 congealing point; petrolatum; petroleum waxes
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Subcommittee D02.10 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D 938–04) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2005.)
(1) Revised 8.1.
Subcommittee D02.10 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D 938–92 (1998)´1) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2004.)
(1) Changed reading and reporting of results obtained in

Celsius from to the nearest 0.25°C to 0.2°C in 7.6 and 8.1.
2
D 938 – 05
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An American National Standard

Designation: D 938 – 05 British Standard 5088

Standard Test Method for

1. Scope* as an air jacket, the droplet on the bulb is allowed to cool at a

2. Referenced Documents 6. Apparatus

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

(1) Revised 8.1.

(1) Changed reading and reporting of results obtained in

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