Analysis of Ethylene Product: Standard Guide For

An American National Standard
Designation: D 5234 – 92 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Guide for

Analysis of Ethylene Product1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 ethylene product, n—hydrocarbon product containing

1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the analysis at least 99.85 % mass ethylene.
of ethylene product in a way that allows the analyst to know the 3.2 Symbols:
possible test methods, the units of measure, and the potential 3.2.1 C4s, n—saturated and unsaturated four carbon hydro-
concentrations range of possible components, so that the carbon compounds.
consistency of the analytical measurements is improved. This 3.2.2 COS, n—carbonyl sulfide.
guide is not intended to be used, nor to be construed in any 3.2.3 GC, n—gas chromatograph.
way, as a set of specifications for ethylene product. 3.2.4 FPD, n—flame photometric detector.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.2.5 IC, n—ion chromatograph.
standard. 3.2.6 MeOH, n—methanol.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.7 NO, n—nitric oxide.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.8 NO2, n—nitrogen dioxide.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.9 O2, n—oxygen.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.10 sp. ion electrode, n—specific ion electrode.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 When the various producers and users of ethylene
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 product deal with the results obtained in analytical testing,
D 2504 Test Method for Noncondensable Gases in C2 and inconsistency of units and test methods may cause major
Lighter Hydrocarbon Products by Gas Chromatography errors. This guide provides an overview of the typical concen-
D 2505 Test Method for Ethylene, Other Hydrocarbons, and trations of the possible components found in ethylene product,
Carbon Dioxide in High-Purity Ethylene by Gas Chroma- the methods used in analysis, and the units of measure. This
tography overview is intended to be used to improve the consistency of
D 3246 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Gas by Oxi- methods and the units reported so that errors are minimized.
dative Microcoulometry Each producer and user of ethylene product should immedi-
D 4178 Practice for Calibrating Moisture Analyzers ately review this guide to improve their awareness of the
D 4468 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by various analytical methods in use, the units of measure, and
Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry concentration levels of the possible components.
F 307 Practice for Sampling Pressurized Gas for Gas Analy- 4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications,
sis it can provide a starting point for the various parties to develop
mutually agreed upon specifications that meet their respective
3. Terminology requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding
3.1 Definitions: suitable test methods for ethylene components.
5. Sampling
5.1 In general, sample ethylene product using Practice
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum F 307, or a similar method. Do not take liquid ethylene samples
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.D0.02
on Ethylene. in order to prevent over-pressuring of sample containers and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally elimination of fire and explosion hazards. Static electricity can
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 5234–92(2002).
2
develop when discharging excess hydrocarbon at a fairly rapid
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
rate from a sample cylinder to ambient conditions. Use a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on grounding system or strap.
the ASTM website. 5.2 Reactive and Polar Components:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
D 5234 – 92 (2007)
5.2.1 Determination of reactive components, such as certain 6.2 Table 2 lists other test methods known or believed to be
sulfur compounds, is generally believed to require special in use.
sample containers, such as fluorocarbon lined cylinders, or
containers that have been specially passivated. 7. Keywords
5.2.2 It is very difficult to obtain a valid sample for 7.1 ethylene; ethylene product concentration; ethylene test
determination of traces of polar compounds, such as water and methods;
ammonia, in the laboratory. On-line analyzers, if available, or
adsorption of the analyte at the sample source for subsequent TABLE 2 Ethylene Test Methods (Non-ASTM)A
lab finish are believed to yield the most accurate results. Components Possible Test Methods
Methane, ethane propane, pro- An adaptation of Test Method D 2505 is
6. Composition and Test Methods pylene, propadiene, methyl acet- used by some labs. Others use a GC wide-
ylene, acetylene bore capillary method. New technology
6.1 Table 1 indicates possible composition ranges and offers narrow bore capillaries that separate
ASTM test methods for ethylene product. all hydrocarbons in one analysis.
H2, N2, O2, and CO An adaptation of Test Method D 2504.
CO2 An adaptation of Test Method D 2505.
TABLE 1 Ethylene Test Methods (ASTM) NO and NO2 Chemiluminescence.
Total sulfur Some labs use an adaptation of Test
Concen- Method D 3246; others use Test Method
Component Units Test Methods
trations D 4468 with an oxy-hydrogen pyrolyzer.
Ethylene 99.85 + % mass D 2505 Benzene GC methods including wide bore capillary.
Ethane 200 to 700 mg/kg D 2505 Moisture Obtaining a valid sample for lab analysis is
Methane <0.1 to 200 mg/kg D 2505 extremely difficult. Instead of a lab method,
Propylene <0.1 to 10 mg/kg D 2505 an ASTM study group developed, in 1982,
Propane <0.1 to 5 mg/kg D 2505 a standard practice for calibrating moisture
Hydrogen <0.1 to 10 mg/kg D 2504 analyzers, Practice D 4178. Several types
Carbon monoxide <0.1 to 5 mg/kg D 2504 of portable and on-line analyzers are
Carbon dioxide <0.1 to 10 mg/kg D 2504 available.
Acetylene <0.1 to 5 mg/kg D 2505 C4s GC methods including wide bore capillary.
Moisture <0.1 to 5 mg/kg See Table 2 Ammonia Some methods in use are:
Alcohols <0.1 to 5 mg/kg See Table 2 Acid absorption/Nessler finish.
Total sulfur <0.1 to 5 mg/kg D 3246 or D 4468 Acid absorption/specific ion electrode.
Oxygen <0.1 to 3 mg/kg D 2504 or O2 meter Acid absorption/IC finish.
Nitrogen <1 to 10 mg/kg D 2504 Total oxygenates GC methods.
Ammonia <0.1 to 2 mg/kg See Table 2 Alcohols GC methods in use. Wide bore capillary
GC methods.
Hydrogen sulfide <0.1 to 1 mg/kg Online analyzer
COS GC—FPD method.
Carbonyl sulfide <0.1 to 1 mg/kg See Table 2
Chlorides Hall conductivity detector.
Total oxygenates <0.1 to 10 mg/kg See Table 2
NO and NO2 <0.1 to 10 mg/kg See Table 2 A
This table gives possible ethylene test methods or techniques that are
Benzene <0.1 to 10 mg/kg See Table 2 believed to be in use in the industry for testing. Inclusion of any test method in this
C4s <0.1 to 10 mg/kg See Table 2 table is not to be construed as a recommendation by ASTM for its use. Some of the
Methyl acetylene <0.1 to 10 mg/kg See Table 2 test methods in this list are ASTM test methods that are specified for other
Propadiene <0.1 to 10 mg/kg See Table 2 products, but are being used by some labs for ethylene analysis. However, use of
Chlorides <0.1 to 2 mg/kg See Table 2 ASTM test methods beyond their scope is not recommended by ASTM. Precision
and bias may be adversely affected.
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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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An American National Standard

Designation: D 5234 – 92 (Reapproved 2007)

Standard Guide for

1. Scope 3.1.1 ethylene product, n—hydrocarbon product containing

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