Understanding The Borderline Mother Helping Her CH

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The document discusses a book that describes different types of borderline mothers and provides recommendations for adult children of borderline mothers.

The book describes four main types of borderline mothers - the Waif, the Hermit, the Queen, and the Witch.

The author recommends that adult children of Waif mothers relinquish trying to save their mother and anger, allow Hermit mothers to make their own decisions, identify boundaries without negative attribution for Queen mothers, and create distance and disengage from conflict for Witch mothers.

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Understanding the Borderline Mother: Helping Her Children Transcend the


Intense, Unpredictable, and Volatile Relationship

Article  in  American Journal of Psychotherapy · July 2001


DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.3.444

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Charles M Borduin Scott Ronis


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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY

While it is legitimate to criticize poor clinical practice and to work in a way


that humanizes the client, it is dangerous to provide misinformation and to use
scare tactics that can limit the ability of parents to make informed choices for
themselves.
The second part of the book explains Nylund's approach to working with the
kind of children who are identified as having ADHD. With the exception of the
above-mentioned deconstructing questions, his approach can stand independently
of his politicized anti-ADHD beliefs.
Nylund's therapy is based on the principles of narrative therapy. He describes
a five-step process that he dubs the SMART approach, which is an acronym for
Separating the problem from the child, Mapping the influence of ADHD,
Attending to exceptions, Reclaiming special abilities, and Telling and celebrating
the new story. Nylund guides the reader through a process that describes how to
help children identify with their strengths rather than with their deficits, choose
what they can do to master the challenges that they face, become instrumental in
making changes, celebrate their special talents, and feel pride for who they are and
what they have accomplished, to the point at which the diagnosis is an insignifi-
cant part of such children's identity. He also describes how to engage teachers in
this process.
Most of the clinical part of the book reveals a very compassionate, engaging,
and innovative approach to working with these children, their parents, and their
teachers. In reading Nylund's verbal give-and-takes with his clients, one can easily
imagine how children would appreciate and respond to this approach, and benefit
from it. There is actually much to learn from the clinical portion of this book.
Then, after a satisfying foray into the clinical realm, Nylund returns to his
polemics, as if he really needed them to justify his clinical ideas.
Londonderry, NH EDWARD H. JACOBS, PH.D.

CHRISTINE A. LAWSON: Understanding the Borderline Mother: Helping H


Children Transcend the Intense, Unpredictable, and Volatile Relations
Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 2000, 330, pp., $45.00, ISBN: 0-7657¬
0288-6.
Most of the extant literature on borderline personality disorder focuses on
patients' interactions with other adults and not with their own children. In
Understanding the Borderline Mother, Christine A. Lawson examines how mothe
with borderline personality disorder raise their children and influence their lives.
The book, intended for the adult children of "borderline" mothers and for their
therapists, attempts to fill an important gap in the clinical literature.
The book consists of 13 chapters that seem to be organized into three major
sections, although the author does not present specific section headings. The first
section (6 chapters) presents a typology of borderline mothers derived from
Lawson's clinical experience. Each type is described using examples of characters
from classic fairy tales, including Lewis Carroll's Alice s Adventure in Wonderland
444
Book Reviews

and L. Frank Baum's The Wizard ofOz. The first type of mother, the Waif, is said
to feel victimized and depressed; as a mother, the Waif has difficulty caring for her
children and may be alternately neglectful and overindulgent of their emotional
and physical needs. The second type, the Hermit, is described as fearful of others,
yet wanting to belong; her parenting style is possessive and over controlling. The
third type, the Queen, lacks empathy and is critical of others; as a mother, she is
more concerned with her own needs for attention than with those of her children.
The last type, the Witch, is described as sadistically evil and as having an
authoritarian parenting style in which she expresses unpredictable rage toward her
children.
In the second section (chapters 7 and 8), Lawson examines three common
behavioral patterns in children of borderline mothers (regardless of type). "All-
good children" are trained to rescue and protect their mothers and may function
as "little therapists" in their families; in adulthood, such children are said to be at
risk for depressive and anxiety disorders but do not develop borderline person-
ality disorder because only the idealized parts of the mother are projected onto the
child. In contrast, "no-good children" unconsciously remind the mother of a
hated or loved part of herself and are at risk for developing borderline personality
disorder in adulthood. A third group characterized as "lost children" are said to
lack a sense of control over their lives and are strongly defended against attach-
ment; these children have difficulty being reliable, consistent, or dependable in
adulthood. Lawson also describes four types of fathers who marry borderline
mothers: the Frog-Prince, an underdog who, the Waif hopes, will rescue her from
misery; the Huntsman, who protects the Hermit from danger and provides the
stability she needs; the King, a high-profile partner who fulfills the Queen's
insatiable needs for status and admiration; and the Fisherman, who relinquishes
his will to the Witch and mistakes her aggression for courage. All of these types
of fathers are described as passive and neglectful toward their children and fail to
buffer them from emotional harm.
The final section of the book (chapters 9 through 13) offers guidance to adult
children of borderline mothers. The author suggests that adult children of Waif
mothers relinquish trying to save their mother's life and the anger that can destroy
their own lives. For adult children of Hermit mothers, the author recommends
allowing their mother to make her own decisions about life without sacrificing
their own lives, their sanity, or their well-being in order to protect her. Lawson
suggests that adult children of Queen mothers should identify their boundaries
without attributing negative motivation to their mother's behavior. For adult
children of Witch mothers, the author recommends creating distance in the
relationship and disengaging from conflict as soon as it erupts. In general, Lawson
recommends that adult children establish and maintain boundaries with their
borderline mothers while responding to them with love and concern. She also
recommends therapy for adult children to create a more comfortable relationship
with their borderline mothers.
445
A M E R I C A N J O U R N A L O F PSYCHOTHERAPY

The main contribution of this book rests with the author's attempt to describe
how borderline personality disorder can influence parenting and child develop-
ment. The main weaknesses of the book are that it is loosely organized and devoid
of any data to support the author's assertions. It is also worth noting that while the
book is written primarily for adult children of mothers with a diagnosis of
borderline personality disorder, the author never explains how adult children
would know that their mother had actually received such a diagnosis. In many
respects, Understanding the Borderline Mother seems to fall into a long line o
blame-your-parent books and fails to acknowledge the multitude of influences
besides parenting on behavior and emotions. Although this book may be of
interest to individuals who wish to learn about some of the family dynamics
related to borderline personality disorder, it is difficult to recommend this book
as a resource for most therapists.
Columbia, MO CHARLES M. BORDUIN, PH.D.
SCOTT T. RONIS, B.A.

DANIEL A. BOCHNER: The Therapist's Use of Self in Family Therapy. Jason


Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 2000, 484 pp., $60.00, ISBN: 0-7657-0248-7.
Countertransference (CT) is viewed by psychodynamic therapists as an obstruc-
tion to understanding the patient. Family therapy has paid little attention to it. The
Therapists' Use of Self in Family Therapy, Bochner offers a metapsychology of th
use of self. He does so by arguing that the therapist's emotional response to the
patient's CT brings him or her into the family system and enhances an under-
standing of it. His definition of CT follows that of Winnicott who sees CT as due
to therapist's unresolved conflicts or an unconscious aspect of the therapist's
personality or as emotions that are a reaction to the patient. CT is viewed as
informative and useful as well as problematical. Projective identification, as
described by Kernberg, is said to be the glue of relationships and an important
factor in CT. It connects intrapsychic dynamics to interpersonal behaviors.
Bochner uses projective identification to connect intrapsychic and interpersonal
dynamics. In family therapy, activity and self-disclosure are an inevitable conse-
quence of the therapist's CT.
Bochner, a clinical psychologist who does individual, family and group
therapy, offers a model of treatment that attempts to integrate the psychodynamic
and interpersonal. He calls it a "relational systems model" (RSM).
Following an introduction, the author uses two chapters to review the use of
self in individual and in family therapy. In his fourth chapter, Bochner reviews the
intersection between intrapsychic and dyadic systems in groups and families.
Systems theorists disavowed psychoanalytic concepts. In place of insight, methods
and action became paramount. All of this leads up to his sixth chapter, the
metapsychology of the RSM and a seventh on the therapist's use of self. In the
seventh chapter he gives vignettes from nine different family therapists to dem-
onstrate how the interface between the family and therapist can be understood by
446

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