D.

WRITING

Do you like rap?. Imagine you are a singer and write your own rap using prefixes studied in class
(120-150 words)

E. SPEAKING

Students will complete the questions with suitable prefixes (um, im, il, ir, dis, in, re, over, mis). Then, they will answer
them in pairs.
1. What’s the best way to employ… ................ employed people?
2. Give a few examples of .................. responsible behaviour.
3. Give a few examples of things that are ....................... possible for you to do.
4. What food do you really… ............... like?
5. Have you ever had to .................. take your exams/tests?

F. LISTENING
In this section, you will listen to a conversation that has many prefixes. Write down all the words that
have the prefixes.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

41
UNIT Different type of prefixes Lesson
3 3B
A. READING

Jacob the Great

Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into
a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.

He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play Black Eyed Peas songs to Angie, a
girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars don‟t play
themselves. He took a few lessons, but strumming the strings hurt his fingers and he didn‟t like
holding the pick, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.

After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted a Wonder -
Sweeper 5000 metal detector, so that he could find buried pirate treasure. So he mowed lawns all
summer and didn‟t spend his money on ice-cream like his younger brother, Alex. He saved it all in a shoe
box inhiscloset. Then he shoveleddriveways all winter, and he didn‟t spend hismoney on candy and chips
like his classmates. By the time spring came he had saved $200, and he purchased the Wonder-
Sweeper 5000 metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, he soon found out that no
pirates had ever set sail in his neighborhood, and if they had they didn‟t leave any treasure. Even though
he found a key ring, forty-seven cents, and all the bottle caps he could throw, he buried the metal
detector in his closest.

Given Jacob‟s history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob‟s father was reluctant to buy him a magician‟s
kit for his birthday. “Geez, Jacob... You sure you wouldn‟t rather I got you more guitar lessons?” Hesuggested.
Jacobwasinsistent. “Dad, you‟vegottogetmethemagician‟skit. Thistime I‟ll stick with it for real. I promise!
Come on, Dad,” Jacob begged. Jacob‟s father sighed and then replied, “Oh, I don‟t know, Jacob. Things are
awfully tight right now.” But Jacob‟s father was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit
football and started karate practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob‟s birthday
came around, Jacob was both surprised and pleased to find the magician‟s kit that he had desired so badly
with a big bright bow on it.

Jacob opened up the box and unwrapped the many parts in the kit. As he did so, he imagined sawing
his pet cat in half and putting it back together to the amazement of his friends and family. He took the
many fake coins, trick cards, and rope pieces of varying length on the kitchen table and imagined
pulling rabbits out of his hat and turning them into pigeons with a mysterious puff of smoke. As Jacob
continued pulling plastic thumbs, foam balls, and giant playing cards out of the magic kit, a commercial
on the TV caught his attention. “Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? Experience what it‟s like
to be an astronaut? Do you want to explore the universe? Well, now you can.” As the commercial continued
playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit on the kitchen table and stared at the TV screen longingly.
“For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend. Enroll now for a
once in a life time experience.” Jacob‟s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew
what his true purpose in life was.
2. Comprehension and Inferential Questions Directions:
After reading the story, choose the best answer for each question. Circle one answer .

42
 1. Which character trait best describes Jacob in regards to his hobbies?
a. Dedicated b. Impulsive c. Committed d. Devoted
2. What was the author‟s purpose in writing this text?
a. Inform b. Persuade c. Entertain d. Confuse
3. In what genre is this story?
a. Fiction b. Nonfiction c. Folklore d. Poetry
4. In what subgenre is this story?
a. Biography b. Historical Fiction c. Realistic Fiction d. Fable
5. In which pattern is the text organized?
a. Problem and Solution b. Chronological c. Sequence d. Cause and Effect
6. From what point is view is the story narrated?
a. First-Person b. Third-Person Objective
c. Second-Person d. Third-Person Omniscient
7. Which poetic technique is used in the following line: “He beeped it around the park for a while”?
a. Onomatopoeia b. Simile c. Personification d. Hyperbole
8. Which technique is used in the following line: “He had gotten into a million hobbies and activities”
a. Onomatopoeia b. Simile c. Personification d. Hyperbole
9. Which technique is used in the following line: “The five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.”
a. Onomatopoeia b. Simile c. Personification d. Hyperbole

B.- VOCABULARY

Take a look to the words in bold that appeared in the article, and write the correct one according to their
meanings.
Note: the gathering of these definitions will prepare you for more complex exercises, especially for tests.

1 HATED extreme dislike or disgust.

2 LOVED to catch in an offense (such as crime)
3 GOTTED to inter with funeral ceremonies.
4 BEGGED to put in mind of something: cause to remember.
5 STRUMMING a store of money in reserve
6 FOUND OUT to obtain by paying money or its equivalent.
7 BURRIED not true, not real.
8 BEEPED strong affection for another.
9 PURCHASED to utter a loud cry, scream or shout.
10 TREASURED depart from.
11 TREASURE to change direction.
12 REMINDED to look fixedly often with wide-open eyes.
13 CAME ARAUND a message was delivered and sounded.
14 FAKE to cause to sound vibrantly.
15 PULLING obtained.
16 WALKED AWAY to ask earnestly.
17 STARED to exert force 4

43
 C.- GRAMMAR

Negative Prefixes

Negative statements are the opposite of affirmative statements. In English, one way to make negative
statements is by adding negative prefixes to nouns, adjectives and verbs. The prefixes dis, -non , -un,
mean “not” or “the opposite of”

1.- Write a single word with the prefix un- or dis- to complete each sentence.

1) My brother DISAGREE with my friend James. (does not agree)

2) The answer to your question is DISKNOWN. (not known)
3) Bethany‟s red couch is incredibly INCONFORTABLE. (not comfortable)
4) My teacher told me not to be DISHONEST. (not honest)
5) Babies will become UNHAPPY when they are hungry or tired. (not happy)
6) I thought I saw her jacket, but it seems to have DISAPPEAR. (not appear)
7) His name is unique, and people often UNPRONOUNCE it. (not pronounce)

2.- Choose the correct answer.

1. The jury could not decide. They were still trying to figure out the facts.What are they?
A) unmistakable B) undecided C) unrealistic D) unexpected
2. You usually dream while you are in which state?
A) unconscious B) unexpected C) unworthy D) uncertain
3. Chris did not deserve to join the class in the pizza party since he was teasing people on
the playground every day. What was he?
A) untidy B) unworthy C) unmistakable D) unequal
4. Sophie used this word to describe Alex‟s room, which always had piles of clothes on the floor.
A) untidy B) unnecessary C) unconscious D) uncertain
5. A blue diamond is a very rare stone. What is it?
A) unworthy B) unwise C) unnecessary D) uncommon

44
 3.- Choose the correct answer.

1. If you walk into Paige‟s room, you will find toys mixed up with books on the shelves and in
drawers. There are even socks between the toys! What word describes her room?
A) dismal B) disrespectful C) discontinued D) disorganized
2. Do you have one of those cameras that can be thrown away after you get the film
developed? What is it?
A) disorganized B) disposable C) discontinued D) disturbed
3. A child who talks while others are talking is often not liked. What is this child?
A) disrespectful B) disappointed C) discontinued D) disagreeing
4. Brenton and Robert were told not to cross the street. Brenton listened. Robert didn‟t listen.
What was Robert?
A) disrespectful B) disobedient C) disappointed D) dismal
5. If you decide you no longer want to watch so much TV, you might
your cable service.
A) discontinue B) disobey C) disrespect D) disorganize

PREFIXES: BI – TRI - QUAD

4.- Choose the correct answer.

1. Magazines that arrive in your mailbox every other month are this.
A) biyearly B) biweekly C) bimonthly D) bicolor
2. Which word is a transportation vehicle with two pairs of wings?
A) bicycle B) biplane C) bicuspid D) biped
3. Something that arrives in your mailbox 26 times a year is this.
A) bimonthly B) biennial C) bilingual D) biweekly
4. This three-horned reptile is now extinct.
A) tricuspid B) triceratops C) trilogy D) trisect
5. What do you call a set of three plays or novels that go together?
A) trilogy B) tripod C) tricycle D) trio
6. What is the name of the item that has three legs and can be attached to a camera for
Taking pictures.
A) tripod B) trilogy C) tricycle D) triangle
7. This is how you could cut a gummy worm into four equal parts to share with your friends.
A) quadruped B) quadrisect C) quadruple D) quadrant
8. Your thigh muscles are called , since they are a group of four muscles.
A) quadriceps B) quadrangle C) quadruped D) quadrennial

45
 D.- WRITING

Read the following article about hat appeared in a national newspaper and write an essay discussing the
importance of computers in our lives today and suggesting ways to increase computer literacy.
(150 –180 use
You must prefixes already seen in this lesson. (150 –180 words)
wo rds)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

46
 E.- SPEAKING

Focus on pictures A and B. The two pictures show people eating buying food at different places.
Compare these pictures and say what you find attractive or unattractive about each place. Use the
prefixes already seen in this lesson.
Note:

47
UNIT Suffixes Lesson
3 All the suffixes 3C
A. READING
Read the following article and choose the correct option .

IF STATUES COULD TALK

How did the Easter Island statues move? Archaeologists are still trying to work out how - and what
their story really means.
On a winter night last June, José Antonio Tuki, a 30-year-old artist on Easter Island, sat on Anakena
beach and stared at the enormous human statues there – the moai. The statues are from four feet tall
to 33 feet tall. Some weigh more than 80 tons. They were carved, a long time ago, with stone tools
and then they were moved up to 11 miles to the beach. Tuki stares at their faces and he feels a connection.
„Thisissomething thatwasproducedbymyancestors,‟hesays. „How didtheydoit?‟
The first Polynesians arrived at Rapa Nui (Easter Island), probably by canoe, hundreds of years ago.
The island is 2,150 miles west of South America and 1,300 miles east of its nearest inhabited
neighbour, Pitcairn. Nowadays 12 flights arrive every week from Chile, Peru and Tahiti. In 2011,
50,000 tourists – ten times the island‟s population – flew to Easter Island. Almost all of the jobs on
Easter Island depend on tourism. And the tourists go there for only one thing: the moai.
People around the world became curious about the statues after the Norwegian adventurer Thor
Heyerdahl made Easter Island famous, and there are different theories about how the statues were
moved to the beach. Many researchers think the statues were pulled along the ground using ropes
and wood.
Pulitzer Prize winner Jared Diamond has suggested that many people were needed to build and
move the moai. As a result, the island‟s trees werecut down for wood and tocreate farming land. This open
land was fragile and it was soon eroded by the strong winds, so it was very difficult to grow food. The
situation was an early example of an ecological disaster, according to Diamond.
On the other hand, archaeologists Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii and Carl Lipo of California
State University Long Beach have a more positive view of the island‟s history. They suggest that the
inhabitants actually pioneered a type of sustainable farming – they built thousands of circular stone
walls, called manavai, and grew food inside them. And their theory about how the moai were moved
is that theywere „walked‟ alongusingasystem of onlyropes andafewpeople.
As José Tuki contemplates these enormous statues, he doesn‟t mind that there are no definite answers
about the history of his island. „I want to know the truth,‟ he says, „but maybe knowing everything would
take its power away.

48
1 The moai ...
a.- are statues of animals.
b.- are all the same size.
c.- were made by José Tuki‟s ancestors.
2 Easter Island ...
a.- is part of the South American
continent.
b.- is a long way from other inhabited places.
c.- is an uninhabited island.
3 People travel to Easter Island ...
a.- by boat.
b.- to
work.
c.- to see the statues.
4 Jared Diamond thinks that ...
a.- farmers on Easter Island planted a lot of trees.
b.- there were environmental problems on Easter
Island.
c.- the population of Easter Island was always small.
5 Hunt and Lipo think people moved the statues using ...
a.- wood.
b.- ropes.
c.- both wood and ropes.

B.- VOCABULARY

Vocabulary practice
Complete the questions about the text with these adjectives. Then choose the
correct option from the answers given.

*big *far *heavy *old *tall

1 How TALL are the statues?
from four feet to 33 feet
more than 33 feet

2 How HEAVY are the statues?

eight tons
eighty tons

3 How OLD are the statues?

a hundred years old
hundreds of years old

4 How FAR is Easter Island from South America?

2,150 miles
1,300 miles

5 How BIG is the population of Easter Island?

50,000
5,000
49
C.GRAMMAR
DEFINITION: A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word, which makes a
new word. In the table above, the suffix -ful has changed verbs to adjectives, -ment, and -ion have
changed verbs to nouns. If you see a word ending in -ment, for example, it is likely to be a noun
(e.g. commitment, contentment).

Form Suffix Meaning Examples

-age action or process marriage, voyage, pilgrimage
-ence state or quality of violence, absence, reticence
-ant one who servant, immigrant, assistant
-arium place for aquarium, planetarium, auditorium
Noun -tion state or quality of starvation, inspiration, tension
-cy state or quality of accuracy, bankruptcy, conspiracy
-dom state or quality of freedom, boredom, wisdom
-eer person engineer, puppeteer, auctioneer
-ectomy surgical removal of tonsillectomy, appendectomy

-ent one who superintendent, resident, regent

-eur one who chauffeur, masseur
-hood state or quality of childhood, falsehood, neighborhood
-i plural alumni, foci, syllabi
-ism doctrine of capitalism, socialism, patriotism
-wright one who works with playwright, shipwright
-ology study of biology, etymology, psychology
-able Is, can be comfortable, durable, perishable
-acious inclined to be audacious, loquacious, spacious
Adjective -ant inclined to be vigilant, pleasant, defiant
-ative inclined to be demonstrative, talkative, pejorative
-ic characteristic of comic, poetic, historic
-y characteristic of fruity, sunny, chewy
-ble repeated action stumble, squabble, mumble
-ed past tense wanted, hated, looted
Verb -en made of strengthen, fasten, frighten
-ify to make terrify, falsify, vilify
-ize to make standardize, computerize, pulverize
-ly resembling slowly, kindly, seriously
Adverb -ward direction forward, backward, onward
-ways manner sideways, crossways

50
ROOTS AND SUFFIXES
You can change the meaning or the usage of a word by adding a suffix at the end.

Suffix Meaning

-able, -ible can be done: (comfortable)

-s, -es more than one: (houses, boxes)

-ing, -ed -ing: happening now(singing) -ed: in the past(walked)
-er, or one who does something: (painter, actor)

1.- Use the correct suffix to complete the adjectives in these sentences.

-ful -less -able -ive -ic -ly -ible

1. Your brother was very coward LY He ran away immediately.

2. That snake looks dangerous, but it's totally harm LESS Don't worry!

3. To work as an acrobat in the circus, you must be very flex IBLE

4. Oh, look at those ador ABLE puppies. Can I have one?

5. He's always running about, very athlete IC He will be in the Olympics one day.

6. What a beauty FUL painting. Do you know who painted it?

7. We need a full and truth IVE account of what happened, Jennifer. Tell us everything.

8. These animals sleep during the day and are then act IVE during the night.

9. It must be very lone LY living on this mountain without any neighbors.

10. Betty is a very create IVE little girl, always painting or drawing or something like that.

51
2.- Complete the root word with the correct suffix to make an adjective. You can choose from "ous",
"able", "ful" or "y". Sometimes you may have to add or remove a letter for the correct spelling.
Then try using the adjective in the sentences in the second exercise.

Exercise Part A

1.-

danger..ROUS

2.-comfort

ABLE

3.-fam OUS

4.-sun FUL

5.-pain

ABLE

6.- wind OUS

7.- enjoy OUS.

8.- suit ABLE

9.- help FUL

10.- use ABLE

Exercise Part B

Now try to fill in the blanks with a suitable word from those above.

1. It can be DANGER to cross the train line so be very careful.

2. I really like this sofa. It's extremely CONFORT
3. Beckham is probably one of the most FAM football players in Britain.
4. We have decided to have our lessons in the garden as it was a lovely SUN day.
5. John's toothache was quite PAINand he had to go to the dentist.
6. Let's go sailing! It's a perfect day for it, the sun is shining and it's not too WIND
7. This is a really ENJOY book. I'm sure you will like it too.
8. This film really isn't very SUIT for children under 10. There is far too much violence.
9. The shop assistant was so HELP that I'll go there again. He gave me a lot of information.
10. It's really USE to be able to speak another language.
52
SUFFIX CHANGE UP

Suffix Meaning
-ing, -ed -ing: happening now (singing) -ed: in the past(walked)
-s, -es plural word: more than one (dogs, boxes)
-er, -est -er: more(older, higher) -est: most (oldest, highest)
-ful, -less -ful: a lot (careful, hopeful) -less: none (careless, hopeless)

EXERCISE 3 PART A
Select the correct option.
1. Shellie was glad to find out that if the new pants didn‟t fit Christian, then her purchase
would be .
A) penniless B) refundable C) worthless D) repairable
2. Pedro got stage fright. He stood perfectly still when it was his turn to give his speech.
Which word describes how he stood?
A) motionless B) laughable C) detachable D) breathless
3. The main character in the movie made people giggle. This movie can be
described as .
A) effortless B) imaginable C) fearless D) laughable
4. Fred can carry his laptop computer anywhere he goes. What is it?
A) timeless B) portable C) imaginable D) worthless
5. Which word describes a person who is worthy of getting an award for saving another
person‟s life?
A) worthless B) renewable C) honorable D) reckless
6. What do you call someone who does crazy things and takes risks without worrying
about safety?
A) effortless B) reckless C) renewable D) repairable
7. Mechanic Miguel said that the brakes could be fixed. What are they?
A) worthless B) effortless C) repairable D) laughable
8. What type of effort is it when you try really hard time and time again until you succeed?
A) washable B) detachable C) tireless D) repairable

EXERCISE 3 PART B Suffixes ( - ful or - less )

Complete the words.
1. How could you be so care FULL as to lose your wallet?
2. The weather was beauty FULL so we went for a walk.
3. Yesterday we had a wonder FULL dinner at a Spanish restaurant.
4. I am going to give some clothes to the home LESS
5. That little boy is absolutely fear LESS! He isn't afraid of anything.
6. Thank you so much! You were really help FULL to me.
7. That man is completely friend FULL He hasn't got any friends at all.
8. This is a very peace LESS town. You would like to live here.

53
EXERCISE 4

Complete the noun with the correct suffix

1.- We organized a number of fun active ITIES for the children.

2.- The develop MENT of mobile phone networks in many poor countries has benefitted their economies.3.-

Member SHIP of the club is open to all residents.

4.-The charity aims to reduce suffer ING after natural disasters by providing food and medicines.

5.- Continuing violen CEin the south of the country has slowed development.

6.-Male elephants will sometimes show aggress ION towards human beings.

7.-Increasing hostil ITY between the two countries has led to a reduction in trade and tourism.

8.-The defendant claimed he was suffering from depress ION at the time of the attack.

9.-Research ERS at the institute now think they have discovered a link between diet and depression.

10.- You must keep completely still as even the slightest move MENT will frighten the animals away.

11.-There is absolutely no eviden CE that my government has been involved in the sale of arms to terrorists.

12.-This kind of anti-social behave IOUR will not be tolerated!

13.-The public CATION date of the new dictionary is not yet known.

14.- There has been a marked reduc TIONin the number of armed robberies over the past two years.

54
 D.- WRITING

Read the article and write an essay on the following topic: cities are getting bigger and more crowded.
Discuss the problems this causes and suggest what can be done to improve living conditions in large
cities. Use the suffixes already seen in this lesson. (120 –150 words)

Each day, the number of people in bigger cities is increasing in an exponential way so that becomes in
an important problem to discuss when we talk about society problems. I think that the main reason why
cities are growing up is because we are taking advantage of the natural resources in a fast way.
I mean, humans are growing their population but at the same time, they are reducing the growth
of animals and land for crops. Furthermore, it causes hungry, wars, pollution and the raise of insecurity.
So, what I recommend to mayors of bigger cities around the world is to include a law in the
constitution that forbid families to have more than two or three children so in that way they can handle
with their natural resources and reduce the overpopulation in their countries.

E.- SPEAKING
Students will select the suffixes already seen in this lesson and mention punctual descriptions about
students’ experience facing the new modality of classes since the beginning of the pandemic situation.
Note: Students will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session.

55
F.LISTENING

Listen to the following audio and write down all the words that contain suffixes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

56
57
UNIT Whathad you done? Lesson
4 Past Perfect 4A

A.-READING
WHAT HAD THEY DONE?

Answer the following questions.

58
B. VOCABULARY
Genre: a type or category of music.
Match the phrases with the correct definitions.

1.- A musical style from the American South, known for its quick tempos
and elaborate vocals, often showing off instruments such as the fiddle,
banjo, mandolin, guitar, and bass
2.- A kind of American music that came from spirituals and work songs
13 work songs
of African-American people
7 marches
6 lullabies 3.- Popular American music using dance rhythms, simple form, and
12 spirituals down-to-earth lyrics
1 bluegrass 4.- Songs created by a particular group of people
8 patriotic 5.- Songs written or used to accompany a game
9 popular
2 blues 6.- Songs written to help children go to sleep
5 game songs 7.- Usually patriotic pieces that are performed by a band and often are
4 folk songs performed while marching
3 country 8.- Songs written to inspire love for one‟s country
11 rock
9.- Music that is well-known and liked by a particular group at a
10 rap
particular time
10.- A style of popular music that started in the late 1970s and that uses
rhyming lyrics spoken or half-sung in a syncopated style over a rhythmic
accompaniment
11.- Popular music of the ‟50s and ‟60s
12.- American folk hymns often linked to the slaves of the 19th century
13.- Songs written to make work easier and to lift the spirits of the
workers
C. GRAMMAR

59
 EXERCISES

1. Select the best option.

1. I looked in the letter box yesterday and the letter still .

didn't arrive
hadn't arrived

2. When I closed the door, I realized that I _ my keys inside.

Left
'd left

3. She looked really sad but I didn t know what .

Happened
'd happened

4.- When she _ onthe course, she had never studied a foreign language before.
Enrolled
'd enrolled

5.- when you rang the doorbell?

Did Sai already leave
Had Sai already left

6.- By the time I moved in, they the building work.

Finished
'd finished

7.- This is the oldest building in the town. It over 200 years ago.
was built
'd been built

EXERCISE 2
Mark is telling his sister Eve about his friend's garden party. Use the words from the box to
complete their conversation. (Use Past Perfect)
Eve: Did you enjoy the party?
Mark: Not at all. I had never been to such a party before. It was a disaster.
Eve: A disaster?
Mark: Exactly. When I arrived at the party, they had eaten all the sausages. There
was nothing to eat.
Eve hadn‟t they bought enough sausages for everyone?
Mark: No, they hadn't. The house was full of people I had played before.
Eve: So you were hungry all afternoon.
Mark: I was pretty hungry. I hadn‟t eaten anything before I left home.
Eve: Did you dance?
Mark: No, I didn't. There was a DJ at the party, but after he had played a couple
of songs, he disappeared.
Eve: What did you do then?

60
Mark: Fortunately, they hadn‟t drunkall the wine before I came. I had two or three
glasses of red wine and went home.
Eve: Mark? You told me you had not had anything to eat. You must have got drunk!
Mark: To tell the truth, when I had finished the third glass, I felt a little bit dizzy.
But I am all right now. Am I not?

EXERCISE 3
Complete the sentences with expressions in brackets.
1.- He couldn't go skiing, because it had rained the night before. (rain)
2. off the lights before you left home? (you - switch) had you switched off the lights before
3.- The plane crashed because the engines had caught fire. (catch)
4.- After Sam had left the bank, he got into his car. (leave)
5.- When he arrived at the office, everyone had been gone. (be)
6. anything to eat before you fed him? (the dog - have) had the dog had
7.- By the time Joseph returned home Sarah had tried to get in touch with him several times. (try)
8.- Why had you called me before you refused their offer? (you - call)
9.- I was so sad because Jill had disappeared somewhere in Spain. (disappear)
10.- What had you done with the computer before you called the technician? (you - do)

EXERCISE 4
Complete using the Past Perfect Simple.

1.- We ate cherries from the tree that my grandfather had planted (plant) many years before.
2.- When we arrived, the show had already started (start/already).
3.- We went to a place where I had never been (be/never) before.
4.- The teacher wanted to know whether we have read (read) the book.
5.- Yesterday I met a friend that I had not seen (see/not) for ages.
6.- (your husband/make/dinner) had your husband made dinner when you got home?
7.- (Lisa/finish/her homework) had Lisa finished when she went out with her friends?
8.- (you/have/breakfast) had you had breakfast when you started to work?
9.- (What/he/do) what had he done that made you so upset with him the other day?
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10.- (she/move/to London/already) had she already moved to London when she met her boyfriend?

D.- WRITING

In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words).
Write a love story. You need to Use the past perfect. In your story you need to explain about
what they did and what they had done.

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING
Students will discuss about the following question using past perfect.

F. LISTENING
Listen and complete each sentence or question with the past perfect tense. Some are negative.

1. It was obvious that he had made a mistake.

2. She said she had not slept all night.
3. They had lived in California for six years before they realized their mistake in movingthere.
4. Jim had never caught such a large fish before.
5. Alice wanted everyone to try the dessert she had prepared for the party.
6. It seemed as though I had met her somewhere else.
7. My teacher admitted that he had for gotten about the assignment.
8. They weren‟t certain if the test had been successful.
9. We would have bought the furniture if it had cast a little less.
10. Many children died because they hadn‟t been vaccinated.

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UNIT What did you do yesterday? Lesson
4 Simple Past 4B
A. VIDEO
Listen to the following audio and answer the following questions. Then, you will see this video and
check your answer if they are correct.
Link: https://youtu.be/8HWwO3Ybwu4

1. Which event was Anne invited?

a. A party
b. A wedding
c. A job interview
2. Why did she change her tights?
a. She had a hole in her tights.
b. She had many tights.
c. She bought new tights.
3. How did she get to the party?

a. By bike
b. By car
c. By motorcycle
4. Why did Anne´s car run out of petrol?

a. She bought a new car

b. Her car is expensive
c. Her son used the car the day before
5. When did she lend the car to her son?

a. yesterday
b. one month ago
c. Two days ago

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B.VOCABULARY
Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters ALJ.
1. Disappointed
2. lend
3. pour
4. one-way road
5. bearings
6. tights
7. disappointed
8. Tire
9. Gauge
10. Handbag

A lend to give something to someone for a period of time.

B one-way road you can only drive on it in one direction.
C disappointed related to or marked by disappointment.
D pour to flow, as from one container to another, or into, over, or on something.
E Gauge to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device
F Handbag a bag carried by a woman with her money, keys, etc. inside
G Disappointed sad because something is not as good as you expected, or because something did not
happen.
H Tire a thick, round piece of rubber filled with air that fits around a wheel
I bearings location, place on a map
J tights a piece of women‟s clothing made of very thin material that covers the legs and bottom

C. GRAMMAR
Simple Past

Examples:
First I read abook, then I went to bed yesterday evening.

Last week I came to a church and then I took the road right.
Simple Past describes an action started and finished at a specific time in the

Simple Past – regular verbs

Regular verbs make their past tense by adding -d, -ed, or (if the verb ends in a
consonant + y), changing the y to i and adding -ed.

Special notes:
Verb ending... add ... Examples
-e Add -d live - lived
bake
-baked consonant + y Change 'y' to i and add -ed carry

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 -carried
cry -cried
1 vowel + 1 consonant Double consonant and stop - stopped
add -ed

Simple Past L irregular verbs

Examples: Simple Past tense irregular verbs:

Present L Past
begin -began
break -broke
come - came
drink - drank
fall - fell
forget - forgot
get - got
speak -spoke

Simple Past – Signal Words.

Signal words: ago, in 2011 ..., in 1999 ..., last month, last week, last
year, yesterday, at 5 o´clock.

Examples Simple Past signal words

I ate oranges last year.

We went to school everyday in 1999.
He took his dog for a walk a month ago.

Simple Past L questions

'did' + subject +
infinitive

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 Examples: Simple Past questions. I ate apple in 2005. Did I eat apples in 2005?
We went to London last week. Did we go to London last week?
He took his dog for a walk last week. Did he take his dog for a walk last week?

Simple Past Questions with was and were

Examples:
She was in London. Was she in London?
They were at the station. Were they at the station?

Simple Past Negative

Long form: I did not go.

Short form: I didn't go.

Simple Past L 'to be' negative form

Examples:
I knew Covent Garden? I didn't know Covent Garden.
We went to school every day. We didn't go toschool every day.
He took his dog for a walk. He didn'ttake his dog forawalk.

1. In the following exercise, complete the sentences conjugating the verbs in parenthesis in past tense.
1. She speaks Spanish. (simple present) She spokeSpanish. (simple past)
2. We buy oranges. (simple present) We bought oranges. (simple past)
3. We have many cars. (simple present) We had many cars. (simple past)
4. We break the windows. (simple present) We broke the windows. (simple past)
5. He plays with Miguel. (simple present) He played with to Miguel. (simple past)
6. They to traveled to Scotland. (to travel)
7. He slept at the weekends. (to sleep)
8. Juan sold a flat in Edinburgh. (to sell)
9. Luis bought a gift. (buy)
10. Ben sold his bike. (to sell)
11. We watched a baseball game. (to watch )
12. He hate his new house. (to hate )
13. The shops opened at nine o'clock in the morning. (to open)
14. Maria bought the cake. (to buy)

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15. Emilio sold a piece of cake (to sell)
16. First I read abook, then I ate an apple. (to read/to eat)

2. Mention which sentences are the correct and select the best answer.

1. Which sentence is in the Simple past ?

a. She buy a phone.

b. She buys a phone.
c. She bought a phone.
2. Which negative sentence is in the Simple past tense?
a. He didn‟t play guitar
b. He did‟nt play guitar
c. They don‟t play guitar.
3. Which negative sentence is in the Simple past tense?
a. He learnt not Spanish.
b. He not learnt Spanish.
c. He did not learn Spanish.
4. Which question is in the Simplepast?
a. Did you met him?
b. Did you meet him?
c. Have you met him?
5. Which question is in the Simple Past?
a. How did Frank sell the car?
b. How sold Frank the car?
c. How did Frank sold the car?
6. In which sentence is the Simple Past used correctly?
a. The living room were big
b. The living room was very big
c. The living room has been very big
7. In which sentence is the Simple Past used correctly?
a. Daniel bring his keys.
b. Daniel brought his keys.
c. Daniel broughts his keys.

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 3. Put the following sentences into Past tense.
a. I write a long history I wrote a long history
b. Paul plays with video games Paul played whit video games
c. She will buy a new car She b o u g h t a new car
d. Maria has played many instruments Maria played many instruments
e. Joseph gave a photo to his mother yesterday Joseph gave a photo to his mother yesterday
Frank had eaten all his food already ……………………………………
8. Marcos jumps over the big rope …………………………………………………………………
h. They behave in a bad manner …………………………………………………………………
i. My grandparents work very hard …………………………………………………………………
j. Jesus Christ prays every single day for the mankind ………………………………………………………

4. Fill in the blanks with a verb from the box in the Simple Past tense.

Sit-lose-take-borrow-injure-eat-rent-throw-forget-buy

1. She BORROWED a car an hour ago.

2. She BOUGHT a hat last week.
3. The boy THROWED a ball to the window yesterday.
4. They RENTED a yacht for an hour.
5. They ATE a lot of meat last night.
6. She FORGED her body last week.
7. Kathy BORROWED a skirt from her sister to wear to the party.
8. She TOOD the money and ran to the store.
9. They SITTED their right to use the library because they were so loud.
10. The hummingbird INJURED on a branch.

D. WRITING

In this section, you will develop an essay from 120 to 150 words about the activities that you liked to do when
you were a child. Use the past tense. Which activity did you like most? Did you experience a new way of
playing?

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

E. SPEAKING

By using Flipgrid, Zoom, Loom or Screencast – o Matic. students will discuss how the pandemic has changed
our perception of time, have you experienced more free time? In which activities have you used your time?
Note: Students will give their personal opinions and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live
– synchronous session.
Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

F. LISTENING 3. What do
Listen to the following recording and answer the questions below. students
need to send
Link: https://www.esl-lab.com/intermediate/english-schools/
to the
1. Why is the guy 2. The guy is 4. What is I-20? center?
calling? calling from.... a. permission for a. a sponsorship
a. Find out a. a friend students to study in form
information about b. his parents the program b. their high
the program c. his sister b. permission for school transcript
b. Just to joke students to study c. teacher
around anywhere recommendations
c. find places to live c. a special discount
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UNIT Vacations Lesson
4 Past Perfect Vs. Simple Past 4C
A. READING
Read the following story and answer the questions below.

Are the sentences True(T), False(F) or Not Giving Information(NG) in the text?
1. The author had a bad memory of his last summer holiday T_
2. He goes to Nice every holiday F
3. He had a short holiday there. T_
4. He spent the last day at the hotel. T_
5. He only went to one museum on the first day. T_

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B. VOCABULARY

Match the phrases on the left with the definitions on the right. The tiles in the right-hand
column are sortable
2 a reply
1.work with
6 buying and selling
2.work out
4 a teacher
3.work for
3 a task
4.work in
1 adult problems
5. work as
5 a high tech lab
6. work on

C. GRAMMAR

1. Fill in the gaps the following statements. Use past perfect or past simple.

a. My brother (have) HAD an stomachache after he (eat) HAD ATE all the cake.

b. Her mother (die) DIED last year but she (be) HAD WERE disabled in the last three years.

c . Last night I (go) WENT for a walk after I (finish) HAD FINISHED my work.

d. Lucy (refuse) REFUSED the offer after they (interview) HAD INTERVIEWED her twice.
e. The teacher (not award) DID NOT AWARDED his student with a high mark because he (not work)DID NOT
AWARDED very hard.
f. Henry (come) CAME home from holidays and (discover) DISCOVERED someone (break) BREAKED
into his house.
g. Laura (be) WAS furious with her son Tom because he (not do) DID NOT DO his homework.
h. When I (see) HAD SAD him, he (be) WAS shaking because he (be) WAS swimming.
i. I (phone) PHONED the embassy to ask why my passport (arrive) ARRIVED yet.
j. Dinner (be) WAS wonderful, Donald (cook) COOKEED a mushroom risotto.
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2. Choose the past perfect or the past simple.

1. She had already left when Miguel PARKED (park) his car.
2. Last month Joseph FAILED (fail) is final test.
3. When she HAD ARRIVED (arrive) to France she discovered she had forgotten herID.
4. We went to the museum then We HAD ATE (eat) some snacks.
5. She bought a new handbag and HAD SPENT (spend) all her savings on clothing.
6. When Juan BOUGHT (buy ) the ticket flight at the airport, the airplane had already taken off.
7. They got home to find that Marcie HAD COOKED (cook) adelicious pie.
8. We opened the door to find someone HAD STOLD (steal) all my videogames.
9. Kelly had known her boyfriend for 9 months when they BROKE UP (break up ).
10. Andrew was very disappointed to see that his sister HAD BROUGH (bring) just one slice of pizza .

3. Complete the following sentences.

1. After I had eaten a lot of food, I W E N T T O M Y H O U S E
2. She finishedthe household chores after SHE HAD VISITED HER GRANMOTHER
3. When He left home, his brother H A D already W O R K E D I N T H E S U P E R M A R K E T
4. Before I woke up , I HAD STUDIED EVERY MORNING
5. We had picked him up before W E A T E I C E C R E A M I N T H E P A R K

4. Supply a suitable Simple Past or Past perfect tense.

1. After Julio HAD SPENT (to spend) his holiday in Spain he WANTED (to want) to learn Spanish.
2. She PHONED (to phone) Mum at work before she LEFT (to leave) for her trip.

3. Daniel TURNED ON (to turn on) the radio after he (to wash) the dishes.

4. When she HAD ARRIVED (to arrive) the concert DID already (to start).
5. After the man HAD CAME (to come) home he . (to feed) the dog.

6. Before she HAD SANG (to sing) a song she (to play) the guitar.

7. Chyna WATCHED (to watch) a video after her husband (to go) to work.

8. After Miguel HAD MADE (to make) breakfast he (to phone) his parents.

9. I WAS (to be) very tired because I STUDIED (to study) too much.

10. We RODE (to ride) our bikes before we HAD MET (to meet) our children.

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D. WRITING

In this section, you will develop an essay from 120 to 150 words in which you mention places o cities you had
visited in the past but you didn‟t find interesting anymore. Why did visit these places? what did you eat
there? With whom did you travel?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…
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E SPEAKING

By using Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom or Screencast – o Matic, give your personal opinion about the social
movement Black Lives Matter. How did “Black Lives Matter” protest begin? What are the goals of “Black
Lives Matter”? Also, mention if USA had suffered something like this before.
Note: Students will give their personal opinions and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live
– synchronous session.
Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

73
F. LISTENING
Listen to the following audio about “Where did the moon come from?”. Then, write
True or False the sentences.

Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/16hQb-
3ovqwli3k0oqLye5PYHM1m JCs/view?usp=sharing

a. 8 billions years ago, the Earth had no moon. ( T )

b. A large amount of molten rocks was sent into orbit (F )
c. The narrator is amazed by the origin of the moon (T )
d. At earliest days ,the Earth was assaulted by rocks and comets (T )

74
75
UNIT My experiences Lesson

5 Third Conditional 5A
A. VIDEO
Click on the following video and answer the following question: What would have happened if
Germany had won World War 2? Answer in the box below.
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/b4_PCq_SMcM

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
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B. VOCABULARY

Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters A-J.
1. Resentment (b)
2. Unleash (d)
3. Expel (f)
4. anti-Semitism (h)
5. optimism (j)
6. fascism (i)
7. retribution (g)
8. naïve (e)
9. defeat (c)
10. aftermath (a)

a. the period that follows an unpleasant event or accident, and the effects that it causes
b. a feeling of anger about an unfair situation
c. to win against someone in a fight or competition
d. to suddenly release a violent force that cannot be controlled
e. when someone believes things too easily and do not have enough experience of the world.
f. deserved and severe punishment
g. to make someone leave a school, organization, or country
h. the strong dislike or cruel and unfair treatment of Jewish people
i. a political system based on a very powerful leader, state control, and being extremely proud
of country and race, and in which political opposition is not allowed.
j. the belief that good things will happen

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 C. GRAMMAR
We use the third conditional (if + past perfect,
would/should/could/might + have + past
participle) to talk about something in the past that
did not happen.

❖ This is the way we imagine how things could

have been different in the past. If something
had been different, something else would
have happened. Notice that both the
condition and the result are impossible now.
If I‟d known, I would have worn something nicer.
In this case, Amy didn‟t know about the party, so she didn‟t wear special clothes.
If I‟d won the lottery, I might have gone on holiday.
❖ The next clause is imagining the result in the past, which didn‟t happen, of course.
The if clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
I definitely would‟ve remembered if you‟d told me!
❖ We can use negatives to talk about things that did happen in the past.
He wouldn‟t have missed the bus if he hadn‟t overslept.
❖ When you‟re using this kind of conditional be careful with the contractions. We use 'd
for would and had.
If I‟d seen him, I‟d have asked him to come over. (had, would).
❖ Apart from would, we also use could or might.
If they‟d told me, I might have been able to help.
If she‟d seen the car, she could have avoided the accident.
❖ We often use the third conditional to express regret or to complain about something.
It would‟ve been even better if Alfie hadn‟t ruined it!
If I‟d known about the third conditional before, I wouldn‟t have failed my English test!

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1. Rewrite the sentences and use the third conditional. Keep the same meaning.
Example: My car was out of order. I did not drive her there.
Answer: If my car had not been out of order, I would have driven her there.

a. He did not give me his keys. I could not drive his car.
IF HE HAD NOT GIVEN ME HIS KEYS. I WOULD NOT HAVE DROVEN HIS CAR

b. She was at the hospital. She could not travel to USA.

IF SHE HAD BEEN AT THE HOSPITAL. SHE WOULD NOT HAVE TRAVELLED TO USA

c. He didn‟t have an umbrella, so he got wet.

IF HE HAD NOT HAD AN UMBRELLA, SO HE WOULD HAVE GOTTEN WET

d. You are so nervous because you drink too much coffee.

IF YOU HAVE BEEN SO NERVOUS BECAUSE YOU DRUNK TOO MUCH COFFE

e. I didn‟t tell you because you didn‟t ask me.

I WOULD NOT TOLD YOU IF YOU HAD ASKED ME

f. I lost my watch and, as a result, we missed our plane when we went on holidays.
IF L HAVE LOST MY WATCH AND, AS A RESULT, WE MISSED OUR PLANE WHEN
WE WOULD HAVE GONE ON

g. You introduced her to me some months ago, that‟s why we became friends.

h. You missed the party . You didn‟t meet my friends.

i. As I haven‟t got money, I can‟t buy a new car.

j. I didn‟t buy the dress because I didn‟t have my credit card with me.

2. Select the correct form.

a. If you hadn‟t been late, we ........................ the bus.

wouldn't have missed
wouldn't had missed

b. If she had studied, she .................... the exam.

would have passed
would had passed

c. If we had arrived earlier, we ......................John.

would have seen
would have see

d. If they had gone to bed early, they ................... late.

wouldn't have woken up
wouldn't had woken up

e. If he had become a musician, he .................... a CD.

would have recorded
would had record
79
f. If she had gone to art school, she ................. a painter.

would have become

would have became

g. If I had been born in a different country, I ............. to speak a

different language.
would have learnt
would had learnt

h. If she had gone to university, she ................. French.

would have studied
would had studied

i. If we hadn‟t gone to the party, we… .................them.

wouldn't have met
wouldn't have meet

j. If he had taken the job, he ..................... travelling.

wouldn't have gone
wouldn't have went

3. Put in the correct third conditional verb form:

a) He WOULD HAVE BEEN (be) happier if he STAYED (stay) at home.
b) ShE WOULD HAVE PASSED (pass) the exam if she STUDIED (study) harder.
c) We WOULD NOT GOTTEN (not / get) married if we HAVE NOT GONE(not / go) to
the same university.
d) They WOULD HAVE BEEN (be) late if they HAVE NOT TAKEN (not / take) a taxi.
e) She WOULD NOT MET (not / meet) him if she HAVE NOT COME (not / come) to
London.
f) He WOULD HAVE TAKEN (take) a taxi if he HAD HAD (have) enough
money.
g) I WOULD HAVE CALLED (call) you if I HAD NOT FOGOTTEN (not / forget) my
phone.
h) We WOUL HAVE COME (come) if we HAD BEEN (be) invited.
i) She WOULD NOT DONE (not / do) it if she HAD KNEW (know) you were ill.
j) He WOULD HAVE BEEN (be) on time if he HAD LEFT (leave) earlier.

4. Match the two sentence halves and write a -g next to the numbers 1-7.
1G…….. If she had studied, a. we wouldn't have missed the plane.
2…E….. If I hadn't eaten so much, b. if he had left the house at nine
3…A….. If we had taken a taxi, c. if she had gone to university.
4…D….. She wouldn't have been tired d. if she had gone to bed earlier.
5.B. He would have been on time for interview e. I wouldn't have felt sick.
6…C….. She would have become a teacher f. they wouldn't have had many problems.
7…F….. If they‟d taken my advice, g. she would have passed the exam.
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 D. WRITING

In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words).
If you had been born with motor disability, how would your life have been different? Write all the
necessary details to justify it.
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E. SPEAKING
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By using Flipgrid, Zoom, Loom or Screencast – o Matic, students will discuss the following prompt:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
“What would have been different about your childhood if you had grown up in a wealthy family”
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Note: Students will give their personal opinions with the correspondent reasons and will have 5
minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session.

Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions below.

LINK: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T80nUdYgboXcCpfDiOmE7V1A3GBAKsl6/view?usp=sharing
81
1. What time did she tell people to
come?
a) Three hours later
b) Now
c) Four hours later

2. For whom did they organize the

surprise party?
a) Amy
b) Ollie
c) Daisy

3. What did Amy bring for the

party?
a) Nothing
b) A teddy bear
c) A cake

4. When exactly was Amy´s

birthday?
a) Two days ago
b) yesterday
c) tomorrow

5. Who ruined the surprise party?

a) Daisy
b) Ollie
c) Alfie

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UNIT A new generation Lesson

5 Third Conditional – Part 2 5B

A. READING
Read the following article and respond the questions below.
THE IF GENERATION

Nowadays, many people have issues with appreciating what they have; it is always the matter of „If
I were richer…‟, „If I were younger…‟, „If I were him…‟ etc. I don‟t have a problem with the fact
that we want more from our lives; what annoys me is the fact that we keep saying what we would
do „IF‟ … When I was younger, I thought that if my parents had been richer I could have been more
fortunate with my life. I was losing my time on thinking that if I had been born in the family of my
cousin, I would have enjoyed private tennis lessons, skiing holidays in Austria or expensive,
fashionable clothes. What I didn‟t take into consideration back then was the fact that I didn‟t really
like sport, I absolutely hated skiing and expensive clothes often covered the lack of personality. In
other words, I was jealous of the things that I didn‟t want in reality. Nowadays I keep finding
myself the new „ifs‟ that can successfully keep me away from being happy. I think that if I had
more time, I would start going to the gym; if I had more money, I would eat healthy etc. Result? An
overweight 30-year-old woman, always complaining about how difficult life is. But the problem of
„ifs‟ doesn‟t finish here. We tend to overuse the 1st conditional in quite straightforward situations.
„I‟ll visit you if I have time‟ usually means „I won‟t visit you, I‟m busy‟ or „I will lend you the
money if I can‟ equals: „I will not lend you the money, don‟t put me in an uncomfortable situation‟.
Why do we choose to send confusing messages when we can simply say what we think? We have to
be not only politically correct anymore, we must be socially correct too.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE TEXT

Answer Yes or No:
1. Is the author trying to persuade the readers to appreciate their lives?
Yes/No
2. Does the author regret not being able to enjoy skiing holidays in Austria? Yes/No
3. Does the author think she lacked of personality? Yes/No
4. Is the author unhappy with her current life? Yes/No
5. Is the author trying to persuade the readers to be socially correct? Yes/No

Answer the questions in your own words:

1. What does the author criticize about her own life?
2. What is the author‟s opinion about the use of the 1st conditional?
3. What does the author mean when she says that we have to be not only politically correct anymore?

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What do you think?
1. Why do many people have issues with appreciating what they have?
2. Why do we choose to send confusing messages when we can simply say what we think?

B. VOCABULARY

Match the words with the meanings:

A. appreciate to understand how good something
or someone is

B. expensive
easy to do or understand

C. complain
working hard

D. busy
upset and angry because someone
you love seems to like another
person
E. annoy
costing a lot of money

F. straightforward
to say that something is wrong or
that you are angry about something

G. jealous
to make someone a little angry

84
 C. GRAMMAR
1. Now, complete the sentences with the words from the vocabulary, and identify the tense
of them:

He wouldn‟t EXPENSIVE an expensive wine.

He was APPRECISBLE of any new friendships his wife developed with men.

guy; he always says what he thinks.

David is a

People who me.

jump the queue

Please don't bother me. I'm BUSY doing my taxes.

My father ANNOY about my behavior

The price is . I don‟t want to buy it!

EXPENSIVE

2. Complete the sentences below by making third conditional statements. Use your
imagination!
1. If I had spoken with her, I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT FOOD FOR HER
2. If Elly had sold her bike, SHE WOULD HAVE BOUGHT ONE NEW
3. If Mrs. Kert hadn‟t bought the dog, HE WOULD HAVE VISITED OTHER VETERINARY
4. If she hadn‟t stolen my key, MY KEYS WOULD HAVE LOST IN MY HOUSE
5. YOU HAD PLAYED BAD IN THE SCHOOL ,you might have gotten injured.
6. HE HAD EXPLICATED THE EXERCISES OF MATH VERY EASY, he could have been a
teacher.
7. TORRY HAD MET DIFFERENT CULTURE, Torry would have travelled a lot.
8. BOUGHT TICKETS AT THE AIRPORT, we might have been in China.
9. If I hadn‟t kissed her, I WOULD NOT HAVE LOVED TO HER
10. If I hadn´t taken a shower yesterday, I WOULD NOT HAVE SICKED WITH FLU
11. If she hadn´t played videogames too much, I WOULD HAVE STUDIED FOR ME EXAMS
12. If the policeman had arrested her, HE WOULD NOT HAVE STOLEN TO THE MAN
85
3. Complete the conversation. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Past Perfect or
would have.

Rose: Emelec didn‟t play very well today.

Mickey: We were a disaster. But if Michael (�) SCORED (score) at least twice, (�)
WE WOULD HAVE DEFEATED (we / defeat) the other team.
Rose: Barcelona didn‟t deserve to lose. It (1) WOULD HAVE BEEN
(be) pretty unfair if referee (2) (blow) BLOWN the whistle declaring a foul in favor of
the opposing team.
Mickey: Michael played terribly. I (3) WOULD HAVE SENT ON
. . . . . . . . . . . (send on) a substitute to replace him if (4) I HAVE BEEN ( be) the coach.
Rose: And if I (5) HAVE NOT DRUNK (not / drink)
all day long, I (6) WOULD NOT HAVE GIVEN (not/ give) a goal away.
Mickey: If Ballack (7) HAVE NOT BEEN (not / be) suspended
when we needed him most, (8) we WOULD HAVE HAD (have) a
different score .
Rose: Yes, (9) WOULD HAVE DEFEATED (we / defeat) them if (10) HE HAD BEEN (he / be)
available.

1. Comment on each situation using a third conditional with If. Use would have, could have,
or might have.
Examples:
- In a bookshop yesterday Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The only problem was
that he didn‟thaveany money.Danielwouldhaveboughtthebookifhehadhadany
money

- Rita often goes to concerts at the town hall, although not to every one. There was one
on Saturday, but she didn‟t know about it. Rita might have gone to the concert if she
had known about it.

1 On Monday my mother had to have their zoom video call with my brother. Unfortunately I
didn´t have a good wi fi connection MY MOTHER WOULD HAVE HAD ZOOM IF SHE
HAD CALLED MY BROTHER
2 There was a airplane crash last Friday. Susan wanted to fly to Prague, but she wasn‟t
able to. The airport was closed SUSAN WOULD HAVE WAITED TO FLY TO PRAGUE IF
THE AIRPORT HAD BEEN CLOSED
3 Luis has only bought two tickets for the concert, and it‟s possible he wouldn‟t invite
her girlfriend. He called her yesterday, but she was too busy to pick up the phone IF
LUIS HAD TOW TICKET FOR THE CONCERT HIS GIRFRIELD WOULD
HAVE BEEN SUSY
4 Miguel has been quite busy, and he hasn‟t prepared for the exam. As a result, he‟s
Failed IF MIGUEL HAD NOT PREPARED FOR THE EXAM HE WOULD NOT HSVE
FAILED THE EXAM
5 Danny and his girlfriend play soccer, but he didn‟t have tickets to the game last
month, so unfortunately he wasn‟t able to invite her to the game IF HAD NOT HAD
TICKETS HE WOULD NOT HAVE INVITED TOHER GIRFIRLD TO THE
GAME

86
D. WRITING

In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words).

If you had been a famous actor/actress, how would your friends have behaved with you? Write all the
necessary details to justify it.

…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING

By using Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom Or Screencast – o Matic., students will discuss the following prompt:
“What would have been different about the economic situation in Ecuador if national currency had
never changed to dollar.”
Note: Students will give their personal opinions with the correspondent reasons and will have 5 minutes
to perform this activity on live – synchronous session.
87
 F. LISTENING

Listen to following song and fill in blanks with correct words. LINK: https://youtu.be/ARt9HV9T0w8

At first, I, WAS AFRAID

I was petrified.
I kept thinking
I could never live without you by my side.
But then I SPENT SO MANY NIGHTS
Just thinking how you did me wrong.
And I grew strong.
I learned how to get along.

So, now you're back

From outer space.
I just WALKED
Without that look upon your face.I changed
That stupid lock.
I SHOUL HAVE you leave your key,
If I had known
For just one second
You'd be back to bother me.

Oh, now go,

Walk out the door.
Just turn around now.
You're not TURN AROUND NOW
Weren't you the one
Who tried to break me with desire?
Did you think I'd crumble?
Did you I´L LAY DOWN and die?
Oh, no, not I.
I will survive.
As long as I know how to love,
I know I'll be alive.
I've got all my life to live.
I've got all my love to give.
I will survive.
I will survive.
Yeah, yeah.

It took all the strength I had

Just not to fall apart.
I'm trying I WILL SUSVIVE
Of my broken heart.
And I spent so many nights
Just feeling sorry for myself.
I used to cry.
But now, I hold my head up high.

88
UNIT Ancient civilizations Lesson

5 Used to 5C

A. VIDEO

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhDY4KJuvc0

Indus Valley Civilization Facts - History of Ancient India. Watch the video and answer the
following questions:
1. How many years ago did a group of nomads enter Northwest India?

ABOUT 20000 YEAR AGO, DURING THE FOURTH AND LAST ICE AGE OF THE
QUATERMARY EPOCH
2. What present –day country is Sumeria now?

CURRENTLY IT WOULD CORRESPOND FOR THE MOST PART TO THE REPUBLIC

OF
3. Which specific activity proved that the level of urban planning and architecture prevalent
there was incomparable ?
SOCH AS URBAN PLANNING, URBAN PLANNING, LAND USE PLANNING
4. What is the meaning of The name Mohenjo-Daro ?

MOUND OF DEATH
5. When was the city Mohenjo-Daro built?

THE CITY WAS BUILT 2600 BC

6. When was the city Mohenjo-Daro abandoned?

HARAPPA
89
 B. VOCABULARY

Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 8 next to the letters A-H.

1. To settle C
2. Nomad B
3. Bank A
4. Fodder E
5. Civilization D
6. Brick F
7. Mud G
8. Fertile H

a. the way that people live together, with laws to control their behaviour, education, and a government
b. a member of a group of people who move from one place to another rather than living in one place all
of the time
c. the land along the side of a river
d. to start living somewhere that you are going to live for a long time
e. food for farm animals.
f. a hard, rectangular block used for building walls
g. wet soil
h. good for growing crops or plants

90
C. GRAMMAR
USED TO

1. When to use “used to”

The verb used to is a „marginal‟ modal verb. Unlike the other modal verbs, it is only found in the
past tense. Therefore, when it is used with do to make negatives and questions, the form of the
auxiliary verb is always did.
Used to is used as follows:
– to describe an activity or a state that happened many
times in the past.
• Gerry always used to go for a run before
breakfast.
• Peter didn‟t use to say things like that when I
knew him.
• to refer to an activity or state that was true in the past but is no longer true.
• I used to like rock climbing when I was younger.
• You didn‟t use to be so stressed!
There are two forms for a negative:
1) did not/didn‟t use to.
• We didn‟t use to have central heating when I was a
child.
• Alan didn‟t use to like children, but it‟s different
now he has his own.
2) used not/usedn‟t to.
• I used not to be able to watch myself on TV at
all.
• We used not to worry much about money.
• Things usedn‟t to be so bad.
2. Structure
o Positive statement: Used to + infinitive
o Negative statement: Didn‟t + use to + infinitive

91
 In negatives, the form with did is used the most. The common contracted negative form is didn‟t
use to. The rarer contracted negative form is usedn‟t to.
o Questions: did + subject + use to + infinitive
e.g. did he use to…?
o Did they use to visit you often? – Well, Mary used to.

1. Choose the correct option to complete each

sentence. 100 years ago
1. … people used to / didn‟t use to buy their own
clothes.
2. … people used to / didn‟t use to have cars.
3. … people used to / didn‟t use to read
the newspaper.
4. … people used to / didn‟t use to
listen music on the radio
5. … people used to / didn‟t use to
have bikes.
6. … people used to / didn‟t use to settle everywhere.

2. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1.I live in a flat when I was a child.
a) Used to b) use to c) didn´t use to
2. She……….love chocolate, but now she hates it
a) Used to b) use to c) didn´t use to
3.I ................. play tennis when I was at school
a) Used to b) use to c) didn´t use to
4.They both ............. have short hair
a) Used to b) use to c) didn´t use to
5.I ................. to hate school
a) Used to b) use to c) didn´t use to

3. Complete the sentences with used to or didn‟t use to

1 I DID NOT USE TOwatch TV, but I do now.
2 I USE TO drive a car, but I don‟t any more.
3 I USE TO buy pets, but I don‟t any more.
4 I DID NOT USE TO enjoy working out, but I do now.
5 I DID NOT USE TO fight with my brother, but I
am now.
6 I USE TO listen to the radio, but I‟m not anymore.
7 I DIN NOT USE TO drive a car, but I do now.
92
 4. If it‟s possible, make a sentence with „would + infinitive‟. If it‟s not possible, use „used to +
infinitive‟:

1. I / listen to rock music when I was a teenager.

I USED TO LISTEN TO SALSA MUSIC WHEN I WAS SINGLE
2. I / travel to the same city for holidays when I was single.
I USE TO TRAVEL TO THE SAME CITY FOR HOLIDAYS
3. He / hate playing videogames after he hurt her fingers.
HE DID NOT USE TO HATE PLAYING VIDEOGAMES
4. They / read 2 books every morning before breakfast.
THEY USE TO READ 2 BOOKS EVERY MORNING BEFORE BREAKFAST
5. I / always eat two apples when I watched Tv with my mother.
I USE TO ALWAYS EAT 2 APPLES WHEN I WACHED TV
6. You / try to sing very well. YOU WOUL TRY TO SING VERY WELL
7. My grandmother / eat a piece of cake after dinner every night.
MY GRANDMOTHER USE TO EAT A PIECE OF CAKE AFTER DINNER
EVERY NIGHT
8. Luis / not buy a house. LUIS WOUL NOT BOY A HOUSE
9. He / visit Spain.
10. My friends / sometimes eat at the same restaurant for the weekend when I was young.

D. WRITING
Write a composition from 120 to 150 words, explaining what subjects you studied as a teenager in the
high school and how you behaved with your teachers, which grades you got. Use the form “used to”
93
E. SPEAKING

By using Flipgrid, Zoom, Loom, Screencast – o Matic, students will discuss about:
“Programs you used to watch when you were a child but not anymore.”
Note: Students will discuss between each other and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live –
synchronous session.

Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

F. LISTENING

While listening answer the following - True or false?

LINK:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jI9sRUN2ldIZ2LHPWuwbUyMWZI65RJ7c/view?usp=sharing

1. Are the four different animals from South America?

True False

2. Are vicuñas and guanacos domesticated animals?

True False

3.Are Llamas and alpacas wild animals?

True False

4. Were Llamas used to carry things in the past?

True False

5. Are Llamas very sociable animals?

True False

6. are Vicuñas wild?.

True False

7. Do Vicuñas eat cacti?

True False

8. Can Llamas and alpacas live in the UK?

True False

94
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